新高考英语二轮复习题型专练18 阅读理解之主旨大意题(含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练18 阅读理解之主旨大意题(含解析)，共23页。
高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）18
阅读理解之主旨大意题
【考试方向】主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
◆主旨大意题的分类
1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻
找或总结。
2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题
1. 中心思想类
The main point /idea of the passage is…
The passage is mainly about…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
2. 标题类
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
The best title for the passage would be …
3. 目的类
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …
The passage is meant to ….
In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…
【答题技巧】
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1. 中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
【真题再现】（2020·天津卷.第二次）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A.propose a definition
B.make a comparison
C.reach a conclusion
D.present an argument
2.What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C.Creativity results from challenging authority.
D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A.Observe the unknown around you.
B.Develop a questioning mind.
C.Lead a life of adventure.
D.Follow the fashion.
4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
5.What could be the best tile or the passage?
A.Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B.Reflections on Human Nature
C.The Keys to Achievement
D.Never Too Late to Learn
【答案】1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第七段中的You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
5.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
【真题再现】The famous American gorilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas — she pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life — eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does. It was a new relationship.
Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist. It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster (a frightening animal), and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired.
Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400—450 mountain gorillas in the wild. From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.
Some time ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It had two photos side by side. One was of a young gorilla. “This is a species of mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the words below it. “It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a human baby. The words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive(破坏性的) on earth. We must retrain it for its own good.”
56.The text mainly talks about _____.
A. Diane Fossey B. the gorillas in Rwanda
C. the protection of the gorillas D. the film Gorillas in the Mist
【答案】C
【解析】文章第一段谈到Diane Fossey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。
3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
例如：Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has a stick called “ cross”. The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse.
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
1.The passage is mainly about ___________.
A. How to Play Lacrosse
B. Lacrosse in Canada
C. The History of Lacrosse
D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷II） Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
6.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A.Building confidence. B.Developing spatial skills.
C.Learning self-control. D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.
7.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A.Parents’ age. B.Children’s imagination.
C.Parents’ education. D.Child-parent relationship.
8.How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A.They play with puzzles more often.
B.They tend to talk less during the game.
C.They prefer to use more spatial language.
D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
9.What is the text mainly about?
A.A mathematical method. B.A scientific study.
C.A woman psychologist D.A teaching program.
【答案】6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B
【分析】
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
7.细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
8.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
9.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
5. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
【真题再现】（2020年1月·浙江卷）Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian:rigid，demanding or controlling. Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).
In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.
10.What is special about the BYU professors' study?
A.It centered on fathers' role in parenting.
B.It was based on a number of large families.
C.It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D.It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
11.What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A.Ignore their demands. B.Make decisions for them.
C.Control their behaviors. D.Explain the rules to them.
12.Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A.Single parents.
B.Children aged from 11 to 14.
C.Authoritarian fathers.
D.Mothers in two-parent homes.
13.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.
B.Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.
C.Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.
D.Family Relationship Influences School Performance.
【答案】10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。
10.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。
11.推理判断题。根据第四段中Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。
12.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。
13.主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中A key finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【题型演练】
1
As digital devices （设备）have taken over society, “keyboard activity is now often recommended as a substitute for early handwriting," a new study notes. The idea is that typing may be easier for young children.
“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital," notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study's leader, who measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors. She works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes. She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn to manage a keyboard.
Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard, her new findings show. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity, "gives the brain more 'hooks' to hang your memories on," she explains.
Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of the shape of each letter. We also need to use our eyes to watch what shapes we're writing. And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of this uses and connects more areas of the brain.
Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning", says Vander Meer. So learning through only one format — digital — could be harmful, she worries.
Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates （激发）"visual notetaking". Rather than typing blindly, the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be "interlinked by boxes, and arrows, and supplemented by small drawings".
1. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Digital devices are popular with students.
B. Handwriting beats typing in taking notes.
C. The process of taking notes changes thinking.
D. The new study makes contributions to science.
2. What should young kids do according to Vander Meer?
A. Communicate with the world. B. Rely on keyboard activity.
C. Learn to write by hand. D. Master basic drawing skills.
3. How does the author draw the conclusion?
A. By studying how the brain develops. B. By observing social phenomena.
C. By assessing functions of senses. D. By comparing ways of taking notes.
4. In which section of a newspaper may the text appear?
A. Relationship. B. Fashion.
C. Culture. D. Science.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，数字化正在普及，然而一项研究表明，在记笔记时，手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的。
1. 主旨大意题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“数字化（打字）对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明手记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要讲在记笔记上手写胜过打字，更有益于大脑发展。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。由第二段中的“She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn to manage a keyboard.”（她认为，幼儿应该学会成功地用手写字，同时还要学会管理键盘。），可知Audrey Vander Meer认为幼儿应该学会成功地用手写字。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“数字化（打字）对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明手记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要是通过比较记笔记的方式，即手写（记笔记）和打字（记笔记）对大脑的哪个更好得出了结论——手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。由文章中心大意可知，文章通过比较记笔记的方式，即手写（记笔记）和打字（记笔记）对大脑的哪个更好得出了结论——手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的，文章可能会出现在报纸的“科学”版面上。故选D项。
2
Through an agreement signed today, the much-loved animals will continue to delight visitors for another three years, through December 7, 2023. “We’re all very excited,” says Steve Monfort, the director of the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. “It’s very good that we can continue our cooperation with our Chinese colleagues.”
The female giant panda Mei Xiang and male Tian Tian, will return to China at the end of 2023 at the relatively elder panda ages of 25 and 26 respectively （分别地). The probable lifetime for giant pandas is about 15 to 20 years in the wild, and about 30 years in captivity (圈养). Likely to travel with the two is Xiao Qi Ji （Little Miracle）, who was born on August 21, 2020. The 15-week-old male cub is the fourth of Mei Xiang’s four surviving cubs.
By long-standing agreement, cubs born in captivity at the zoo are sent to China before four. When Xiao Qi Ji was born, his mother Mei Xiang became the oldest giant panda to give birth in North America.
The public has yet to see Xiao Qi Ji in person. Normally, it would be at about this time, a little over 100 days, that a cub would be able to be shared with the public. Over 1.6 million people have watched the Zoo's Panda Cam since the August birth, with a total of 8.8 million page views. Just this week, his parents, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian marked 20 years in Washington, D. C. .
The extension agreement means that the National Zoo and China will reach a half century of conservation and cooperation between the U.S. and China. “It shouldn't be surprising to people that cooperation is the foundation of the way that one does the work.” Monfort says, “In protecting species, no one organization and often not even one government can theoretically save a species without partnership.”
5. What is the agreement about?
A. Two pandas' three more years in the USA.
B. Cooperation between the Zoo and China.
C. The first public appearance of Xiao Qi Ji.
D. The way to return home for three pandas.
6. What do we know about Mei Xiang?
A. She has been abroad for 20 years. B. She has been sent back to China.
C. She was born in the National Zoo. D. She's the oldest panda to give birth.
7. What's the public's attitude towards the newly-born panda?
A. Uncaring. B. Enthusiastic.
C. Cautious. D. Sympathetic
8. What is the best title for the text?
A. Mei Xiang Has Given Birth to Xiao Qi Ji
B. Cooperation Is Key to Animal Protection
C. Extension Agreement on Pandas Is Reached
D. Lifetime for Giant Pandas Is Figured Out
【答案】5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，中美之间达成大熊猫延期协议及其内容和意义。
5. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Through an agreement signed today, the much-loved animals will continue to delight visitors for another three years, through December 7, 2023.”（通过今天签署的一项协议，这些备受喜爱的动物将在接下来的三年里继续取悦游客，直至2023年12月7日。）和第二段中的“The female giant panda Mei Xiang and male Tian Tian, will return to China at the end of 2023 at the relatively elder panda ages of 25 and 26 respectively（分别地）.”（雌性大熊猫“美香”和雄性“天天”将于2023年底返回中国，在它们年龄相对较大的时候，分别为25岁和26岁。），可知协议是关于两只大熊猫“美香”和“天天”继续在美国再待三年。故选A项。
6. 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Just this week, his parents, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian marked 20 years in Washington, D.C..”（就在本周，他的父母，大熊猫“美香”和“天天”在华盛顿度过了20年。），可知大熊猫“美香”在华盛顿度过了20年，即她在国外20年了。故选A项。
7. 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The public has yet to see Xiao Qi Ji in person. Normally, it would be at about this time, a little over 100 days, that a cub would be able to be shared with the public. Over 1.6 million people have watched the Zoo's Panda Cam since the August birth, with a total of 8.8 million page views.”（公众还没有见到新出生的大熊猫幼崽“小奇迹”。正常情况下，大约在这个时候，大约100多天，一只幼崽就能与公众见面。自8月份出生以来，超过160万人观看了动物园的熊猫摄像头，总浏览量达880万次。），可知在没有见到“小奇迹”的情况下，160万人自其出生以来，蹲守动物园的熊猫摄像头，总浏览量达880万次，说明公众对这只新生的熊猫很热情。故选B项。
8. 主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Through an agreement signed today, the much-loved animals will continue to delight visitors for another three years, through December 7, 2023.”（通过今天签署的一项协议，这些备受喜爱的动物将在接下来的三年里继续取悦游客，直至2023年12月7日。），第三段中的“By long-standing agreement, cubs born in captivity at the zoo are sent to China before four.”（根据长期协议，动物园圈养出生的幼崽在4岁之前被送到中国。）和最后一段中的“The extension agreement means that the National Zoo and China will reach a half century of conservation and cooperation between the U.S. and China.”（延长协议意味着国家动物园和中国将在美中之间达成半个世纪的保护与合作。），可知文章主要讲中美之间达成了大熊猫延期协议及其内容和意义，C项“大熊猫延期协议达成”符合文意。故选C项。
3
In the 1966 science-fiction film The Fantastic Voyage, a team of scientists and doctors are shrunk to microscopic size injected into the body of an injured man to save his life. The tiny crew travels through the body's dangerous environment to locate and repair the damaged part of the man's body. Eventually, the group manages to complete their task and the man awakens, fully cured.
Such an idea sounds extraordinary to many, But what if it were possible to cure a disease like a cancer, using tiny particles injected into a person to find the cancer and destroy it without harming anything else in the body? Although it may seem like science fiction, tools like this are now being developed and may become common in the near future—thanks to research currently being done in the field of nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology（纳米技术）is really small. The prefix "nano" refers to a nanometer, which is one-billionth of a meter. A comma on a page of a book or magazine may be more than half a million nanometer. Using this technology, it will be possible to detect cancer at a stage when there are perhaps only a thousand bad cells. Compare this to what happens today: doctors can diagnose cancer only after the dangerous cells have multiplied into millions and developed a tumor. One of the advantages of detecting and treating cancer is that the cells is less likely to be resistant to drug treatment. Right now, most cancer treatments kill not only the dangerous cells but the healthy ones as well. Nanoparticles will allow doctors to attack cancerous tumors without disturbing healthy cells. Thus, it can deliver cancer-killing drugs to the cancer cells and allow doctors to deliver cancer treatment earlier, faster, and more thoroughly.
Unfortunately, there are serious concerns that these same materials could have negative environment and health effects. In recent studies, fish exposed to water containing large amounts of nanoparticles suffered brain damage. And people are at risk as well. But many scientists don't think research into its many uses should be stopped.
Meanwhile, research into the uses of nanotechnology in health and other fields continues. "What's amazing is how quickly this is evolving", says chemist Vicki Colin. "even ten years ago, a lot of these applications would have seemed pretty unrealistic. "Perhaps, the old movie, The Fantastic Voyage, isn't so hard to believe after all.
9. What is the reading mainly about?
A. A film called The Fantastic Voyage.
B. How to detect different cancers.
C. The dangers and side effects of nanotechnology.
D. The application and development of nanotechnology.
10. What will happen if human beings are exposed to large amounts of nanoparticles?
A. It will not have any influences.
B. It may prevent many side effects.
C. They will be in danger.
D. Varieties of cancers will be cured.
11. What's the author's attitude towards nanotechnology?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Critical D. Indifferent.
12. Which of the following statements will Vicki Colin support?
A. Nanotechnology has progressed a lot in the last decade.
B. Ten years ago, nanotechnology were very realistic.
C. Some of these applications are ten years old.
D. In ten years, there have been few realistic applications for nanotechnology.
【答案】9. D 10. C 11. B 12. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了纳米技术在医学领域里的运用，以及它的优缺点和发展现状。
9. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Although it may seem like science fiction, tools like this are now being developed and may become common in the near future—thanks to research currently being done in the field of nanotechnology.”（尽管这看起来像是科幻小说，但现在正在开发这样的工具，并且在不久的将来可能会变得越来越普遍——这要归功于当前在纳米技术领域进行的研究。）并通读全文结合全文主要讲了纳米技术在医学领域里的运用，以及它的优缺点和发展现状可知，本文主要介绍了纳米技术的应用与发展。故选D项。
10. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In recent studies, fish exposed to water containing large amounts of nanoparticles suffered brain damage. And people are at risk as well.”（在最近的研究中，暴露于含有大量纳米粒子的水中的鱼类遭受了脑部损害。人类也会有风险。）可知如果人类暴露于大量的纳米颗粒会有危险。故选C项。
11. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Using this technology, it will be possible to detect cancer at a stage when there are perhaps only a thousand bad cells.”（使用这项技术，在可能只有一千个坏细胞的阶段检测出癌症。）以及倒数第二段中“Unfortunately, there are serious concerns that these same materials could have negative environment and health effects.”（不幸的是，大家很担心这些相同的材料可能对环境和健康产生负面影响。）可知作者从纳米技术的优点和缺点正反两方面进行了客观的表述，因此作者对于纳米科技的态度是客观的。A.Skeptical怀疑的；B.Objective客观的；C.Critical批判的；D.Indifferent漠不关心的。结合选项翻译可知，B项客观的符合全文语境。故选B项。
12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What’s amazing is how quickly this is evolving, says chemist Vicki Colin. even ten years ago, a lot of these applications would have seemed pretty unrealistic. ”（化学家Vicki Colin说：“令人惊奇的是它发展的速度。” “即使在十年前，其中许多应用似乎还是不现实的。”）意在表明Vicki Colin认为纳米技术在过去的十年中发展的很快。故选A项。
4
What makes a person become an Olympic champion? In reality, a combination of biological environmental, and psychological factors as well as training and practice, all go into making a super athlete.
Perhaps the most important factor involved in becoming a super athlete is genetics. Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain unique physical characteristics. Take a super athlete's muscles, for example. In most human skeletal muscles, there are fast-twitch fibers and slow-twitch fibers. Fast-twitch fibers help us move quickly. They allow weightlifters to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds. The legs of a super marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers, which generate energy efficiently and enable people to control tiredness and keep moving for a longer period of time when they exercise long or hard.
Some athletes' abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment. Those raised at high altitudes have blood that is rich in hemoglobin, which enables these athletes to run better, Cultural factors also help Tegla Loroupe, a young woman from northern Kenya, won several marathons. She attributes some of her success to her country's high altitude and her cultural background. As a child, she had to run ten kilometers to school every day.
Although genetics, environment, and even culture play a part in becoming a super athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed. Weightlifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again until they are automatic. Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit but psychologically healthy as well.
How do athletes adjust to such intense pressure? Louganis explains how he learned to control his anxiety during a competition: "Most divers think too much…," he says. "They're too much in their heads. What worked for me was humor. I remember thinking about what my mother would say if she saw me do a bad dive. She'd probably just compliment me on the beautiful splash."
13. Having a lot of slow-twitch muscle fibers is particularly important for .
A. Weightlifters. B. Divers. C. Cyclists. D. Table tennis players.
14. What does the underlined word “attribute” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Devotes. B. Compares. C. Exposes. D. Owes.
15. How does Louganis deal with his anxiety according to the passage?
A. By thinking too much. B. By training hard.
C. By laughing at the amusing things D. By speaking out.
16. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. Healthy Olympic Champions.
B. Olympic Champions in the Making.
C. Factors in Becoming Physically and Psychologically Healthy.
D. Difference between an Athlete and an Average Person.
【答案】13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文简要介绍了成就奥运冠军的几个因素，在现实中，生物环境、心理因素以及训练和实践的结合，都是造就超级运动员的因素，而尽管基因、环境甚至文化都在成为超级运动员的过程中起着一定的作用，但要想成功，训练和实践是必不可少的。最后以Louganis为例，说明了运动员适应巨大压力的方式。
13. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The legs of a super marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers, which generate energy efficiently and enable people to control tiredness and keep moving for a longer period of time when they exercise long or hard.(另一方面，超级马拉松运动员的腿可能含有高达90%的慢肌纤维，这种纤维能有效地产生能量，使人们在长时间或剧烈运动时能够控制疲劳，保持更长时间的运动)”结合选项可推知，拥有大量的慢肌纤维对骑自行车的人来说尤为重要。故选C。
14. 词义猜测题。根据画线词句的上文“ Those raised at high altitudes have blood that is rich in hemoglobin, which enables these athletes to run better, Cultural factors also help Tegla Loroupe, a young woman from northern Kenya, won several marathons. ”那些在高海拔地区长大的人血液中含有丰富的血红蛋白，这使这些运动员能够跑得更好，文化因素也帮助来自肯尼亚北部的年轻女子特格拉·洛鲁佩赢得了几次马拉松比赛。以及后文“some of her success to her country's high altitude and her cultural background”可知，Tegla Loroupe把自己成功的部分原因归因于国家的高海拔和文化背景。A. Devotes.致力于；B. Compares.比较；C. Exposes.暴露；D. Owes.归因于。故选D。
15. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“What worked for me was humor. I remember thinking about what my mother would say if she saw me do a bad dive. She'd probably just compliment me on the beautiful splash.(对我起作用的是幽默。我记得我一直在想，如果我妈妈看到我跳水做得不好，她会说什么。她可能只会赞美我溅起的美丽的水花)”可知，Louganis通过幽默来处理他的焦虑。故选C。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“What makes a person become an Olympic champion? In reality, a combination of biological environmental, and psychological factors as well as training and practice, all go into making a super athlete.(是什么让一个人成为奥运冠军？在现实中，生物环境、心理因素以及训练和实践的结合，都是造就超级运动员的因素)”结合本文简要介绍了成就奥运冠军的几个因素，指出而尽管基因、环境甚至文化都在成为超级运动员的过程中起着一定的作用，但要想成功，训练和实践是必不可少的。最后以Louganis为例，说明了运动员适应巨大压力的方式。可知B选项“成为奥运冠军的因素”最符合文章标题。故选B。
5
An audience of patients with Alzheimer’s(老年痴呆症) disease listens with concentrated attention as a young woman sings the French song “Beau Soir”. Despite his failing mind, one of the men in the crowd, Les Dean, translates the words into English for a friend.
Dean, 76, once taught music at Chicago’s Senn High School, invented and sold his own music education system and sang with the Chicago Symphony Chorus. Now, like many patients with Alzheimer’s, he is, to some extent, lost in the past, a stranger to the present. But when the music plays, he smiles and is transported to a place of beauty, where everything still makes sense.
In recent years, music therapy(疗法) has grown in popularity for its seeming ability to help calm people with dementia(痴呆) and reconnect them with their memories. Now a Northwestern University researcher is testing whether music played for residents of a suburban nursing home can be therapeutic, whether it can improve cognition（认知）, conversation and relationships.
A person with dementia can recede(倒退) so far that he or she is no longer responsive, suggesting personality and consciousness（意识）have been lost. But in his book Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain, the well-known neurologist Dr. Oliver Sacks wrote that he’d seen such patients shake or weep while listening to music. “Once one has seen such responses,” he wrote, “one knows that there is still a self to be called upon, even if music, and only music, can do the calling.”
For some people with dementia, music therapy has been shown to enhance attention and cognition to improve behavior while reducing the use of drugs and to reduce anxiety and depression. Singing songs can help refresh specific memories that otherwise might have been forgotten completely, experts say. Also, some patients are so nonresponsive, they may need music wake them up and get them moving.
Attracted by the potential benefits, Dr. Borna Bonakdarpour, a neurologist with Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, put together a music therapy study at Silverado Orchard Park Memory Care Community.
Each week for 12 weeks, the nonprofit Institute for Therapy Through the Arts held concerts for 10 Silverado residents. The musicians are specially trained to apply their skills to therapy, often by interacting with patients during performances and getting them to beat on drums, sing and dance.
A similar group of residents in another nursing home went without the therapy to compare results. Since finishing the initial study period, researchers are analyzing the results and hope to try the same treatment for the opposite group in the future.
“Music therapy is gaining more confidence now as an intervention(介入), so this is a very exciting time,” Bonakdarpour said. “We thought when people get Alzheimer’s, they’re done because there’s no medicine to cure it. But there's so much we can do to have an impact and improve their quality of life.”
17. Why is Les Dean mentioned at the beginning?
A. To present his amazing life before he got the Alzheimer’s disease.
B. To inspire the people who also suffered from the disease.
C. To tell the readers that he was a music lover.
D. To show the surprising function of music.
18. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?
A. Dr. Oliver Sacks believed music could call upon a self in Alzheimer’s patients.
B. When patients are nonresponsive, music could hardly have any effect on them.
C. Northwestern University has tested music can improve the patients’ conversation.
D. It is obvious that singing can make the patients’ memories back to normal.
19. From Bonakdarpour’s research, we can learn that __________.
A. the music therapy study has been successfully completed.
B. the patients show no interest in music therapy.
C. music therapy can help to improve the patients’ life quality.
D. music therapy have a negative effect on the patients as an intervention.
20. What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage?
A. The terrible disease can be cured by music therapy.
B. Music is beneficial to the people lost in Alzheimer’s darkness.
C. People gradually realize the benefits of music.
D. Everyone should fall in love with music.
【答案】17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐对那些在老年痴呆症的黑暗中迷失的人是有益的。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But when the music plays, he smiles and is transported to a place of beauty, where everything still makes sense.（但当音乐响起时，他笑了，被带到一个美丽的地方，在那里一切仍然有意义。）”说明音乐对于Dean有效。并根据文章第三段“In recent years, music therapy has grown in popularity for its seeming ability to help calm people with dementia and reconnect them with their memories.（近年来，音乐疗法越来越受欢迎，因为它似乎能够帮助痴呆患者平静下来，并将他们与记忆重新连接起来。）”可以推断，一开始就提到莱斯·迪恩，是为了来展示音乐惊人的功能。故选D项。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““Once one has seen such responses,” he wrote, “one knows that there is still a self to be called upon, even if music, and only music, can do the calling.”（“一旦一个人看到了这样的反应，”他写道，“他就知道还有一个自我可以被召唤，即使音乐，而且只有音乐可以召唤。”）”可知，Dr. Oliver Sacks认为音乐可以唤起老年痴呆症患者的自我。故选A项。
19. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But there's so much we can do to have an impact and improve their quality of life.（但我们可以做很多事情来影响他们，改善他们的生活质量。）”及文章全文可知，音乐治疗有助于提高患者的生活质量。故选C项。
20. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In recent years, music therapy has grown in popularity for its seeming ability to help calm people with dementia and reconnect them with their memories.（近年来，音乐疗法越来越受欢迎，因为它似乎能够帮助痴呆患者平静下来，并将他们与记忆重新连接起来。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要说明音乐对那些在老年痴呆症的黑暗中迷失的人是有益的。故选B项。
6
At the Santos family’s apartment in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the doorbell is constantly ringing. All the friends and neighbors are there to hear what happened to two-year-old Carmelita. Her mother has tears in her eyes, but they are tears of relief, of thankfulness. Her Carmelita is smiling shyly, safe in her father’s lap.
The story could easily have ended very differently, not so happily. It all started this morning just before noon. Mrs. Santos was returning from the supermarket with her daughter and a friend, their neighbor. They stopped on the stairway of their building at their fifth-floor apartment. The neighbor opened her door first, and little Carmelita ran past her. She knew the apartment well, since she had visited it many times. The friend put down her keys and shopping bags, and turned back a moment to Mrs. Santos.
At that moment, there was a sudden gust of wind and the door to the apartment slammed shut. Carmelita was inside, alone.
Then the friend remembered that she had left her kitchen window open. She and Mrs. Santos rushed to the Santos apartment and telephoned the police. But there was no time to get help in opening the neighboring apartment. They could see that Carmelita was already leaning out of the kitchen window. She had climbed onto a chair, and soon she was climbing out onto the window sill(窗台).
Mrs. Santos called to Carmelita to go back inside. But the little girl did not understand the danger and did not want to go back. She only waved to her mother.
Then she lost her balance and her feet slipped off the window sill. She managed to hold on for a while with her hands, but she began to be afraid. Her mother screamed for help, and now Carmelita was crying desperately.
And then she could hold on no longer. Several people had run out into the street on hearing all the screaming. They saw the child hanging onto the window sill and got ready to catch her. Down she fell, five long stories and landed safe and sound in the arms of three strong men. They were Luis, Augusto, and Alfonso Nunes, father and sons. When they heard the screams, they ran from their auto repair shop across the street.
“I never thought we’d do it,” said Alfonso afterwards. “But I kept thinking, if we don’t catch her, she’ll die and I’ll feel sad and guilty all my life.”
All the neighbors want to shake hands with the three heroes. Carmelita’s parents cannot believe how close they came to losing their daughter. And how lucky they are to have her still.
21. Who saved Carmelita eventually?
A. The neighbors in the building. B. Men of an auto repair shop.
C. Mrs. Santos’ friend. D. The nearby policemen.
22. What can we learn from the story?
A. Carmelita waved to her mother because her mother smiled at her.
B. Carmelita was left alone in the apartment due to her father’s mistake.
C. Carmelita couldn’t hold on the window sill for she was frightened and weak.
D. Carmelita was rescued before she was falling from the window sill.
23. From what Alfonso said, we can tell that he was __________.
A. strong-willed. B. humorous.
C. intelligent. D. responsible.
24. What’s the title of the passage?
A. An Unexpected Danger B. An Amazing Rescue
C. A Naughty Girl D. A Careless Mother
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名为Carmelita的小女孩幸运获救的故事。
21. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“When they heard the screams, they ran from their auto repair shop across the street.（当他们听到尖叫声时，他们从街对面的汽车修理店跑了出来。）”可知，救下Carmelita的是汽车修理店里的人。故选B项。
22. 推理判断题。根据文章第六段“She managed to hold on for a while with her hands, but she began to be afraid.（她设法用手抓住了一会儿，但她开始害怕了。）”及第七段“And then she could hold on no longer.（然后她再也坚持不住了。）”可判断，Carmelita因为太害怕导致无法坚持抓住窗户。故选C项。
23. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“But I kept thinking, if we don’t catch her, she’ll die and I’ll feel sad and guilty all my life.（但我一直在想，如果我们不抓住她，她会死的，我会一辈子感到悲伤和内疚。）”可判断，Alfonso是一个具有责任感的人。故选D项。
24. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一个名为Carmelita的小女孩幸运获救的故事。所以用“An Amazing Rescue(一个了不起的救援)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B项。