人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists一课一练

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists一课一练，共21页。

[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. He has emplyed ne f the UK’s tp lawyers t defend (defend) him.
2. Anyne breaking the law will be severely (severe) punished.
3. Denis wrked as an assistant (assist) at a bkstre during the summer hlidays.
4. The manager fell int cnfusin facing the tw cntradictry (cntradictin) pinins n the plan.
5. Catherine is a gifted (gift) teacher and never talks dwn t her students.
6. Staying at hme if pssible is a safe way t avid the infectin (infect) frm the epidemic.
7. The museum cllectin vividly (vivid) shws the scenes f the canal 200 years ag.
8. New findings (find) have been fund frm the plluted areas.
9. Training is wrthless unless there is prf (prve) that it wrks.
10. The plicy is partly t blame (blame) fr causing the wrst unemplyment in Eurpe.
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。
break ut, be in charge f, cme dwn with, abve all, subscribe t, thanks t, return t, take n, dream f, be familiar with
1. He is always dreaming f standing n the stage and perfrming with the famus pianist.
2. Whatever the fashin r the material is, abve all, chairs shuld be cmfrtable.
3. They had escaped t America shrtly befre the war brke ut in 1939.
4. Thanks t that jb, I became a persn wh lves reading.
5. Mr Brun was in charge f the accmmdatins f us exchange students last year.
6. They called us back t make us feel at ease after returning t their hmetwn.
7. He grew up in the cuntryside and is familiar with all kinds f farm wrk.
8. Taking n this prject means a lt f extra wrk and little rest within three mnths.
9. Tny asked fr a leave because f cming dwn with a cld.
10. Only a quarter f the members subscribed t the managers’ plan f expanding the business f the cmpany.
Ⅲ. 句式仿写。
1. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera.
句式:v.+wh-词+t d
仿写:她想不出儿童节该送孩子们什么礼物。
She culdn’t think f what t give the children fr Children’s Day.
2. One thery was that bad air caused the disease.
句式:主语+be+表语从句
仿写:事实是派对上没人注意到他。
The fact was that n ne nticed him at the party.
3. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used.
句式:s that 引导目的状语从句
仿写:他写下了我的地址以便能够记住它。
He wrte dwn my address s that he culd remember it.
4. The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.
句式:Sb be likely t d ...
仿写:她可能会向你掩饰她的真实想法。
She is likely t hide her real ideas frm yu.
5. Hwever, what might have made him such an utstanding and creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther things, such as music and drawing.
句式:make+宾语+宾语补足语
仿写:他对音乐的兴趣使他成为一位出色的钢琴家。
His interest in music has made him an excellent pianist.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
A
Inventr, physicist, surveyr, astrnmer, bilgist, artist ... Rbert Hke was all these and mre. Sme say he was the greatest experimental scientist f the 17th century. In the curse f his wrk, he cperated with famus men f science like Isaac Newtn, and the great architect Christpher Wren.
Hke’s early educatin began at hme, under the guidance f his father. He entered Westminster Schl at the age f 13, and frm there went t Oxfrd, where he came int cntact with sme f the best scientists in England. Hke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age f 27, he was named Curatr f Experiments at the newly frmed Ryal Sciety f Lndn—meaning that he was respnsible fr demnstrating (展示) new experiments at the sciety’s weekly meeting. Hke accepted the jb, even thugh he knew that the sciety had n mney t pay him!
Watching living things thrugh a micrscpe was ne f his favurite pastimes. He invented a cmpund micrscpe fr this purpse. One day while bserving a crk (软木塞) under a micrscpe, he saw hneycmb-like structures. There were cells—the smallest units f life.
Anther achievement f Hke’s was his bk Micrgraphia, which intrduced the enrmus ptential f the micrscpe. It cntains fascinating drawings f the thing he saw under the micrscpe. The bk als includes, amng ther things, ideas n gravity, light and cmbustin(燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newtn when they were develping their wn theries n these phenmena.
Hke made a valuable cntributin t astrnmy t. A crater(火山口) n the mn is named after him in hnur f his services t this branch f science.
1. Which is the pssible reasn why Hke accepted the jb as Curatr f Experiments?
A. He liked designing experiments.
B. His family needed his supprt.
C. He wanted t please the famus scientists in England.
D. His parents culdn’t affrd his educatin.
解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hke accepted the jb, even thugh he knew that the sciety had n mney t pay him!”可推知,胡克接受实验馆长一职的原因是他喜欢设计实验。故选A。
答案:A
2. What des the underlined wrd “pastimes” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Jbs. B. Experiments.
C. Hbbies. D. Structures.
解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词所在语境和第三段第二句“He invented a cmpund micrscpe fr this purpse.”可推知,pastime的意思是“爱好”。故选C。
答案:C
3. What d we knw abut Hke frm the text?
A. He went t Oxfrd in 1645.
B. He was well paid in the Ryal Sciety f Lndn.
C. He made a cntributin t medicine.
D. His bk Micrgraphia may have helped Newtn.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中“The bk als includes, amng ther things, ideas n gravity, light and cmbustin that may have helped scientists like Newtn when they were develping their wn theries n these phenmena.”可知,胡克的《显微图志》这本书可能对牛顿有帮助。故选D。
答案:D
4. What des the last paragraph intend t prve?
A. Hke was the greatest experimental scientist f the 17th century.
B. Hke was gd at making discveries.
C. Hke’s cntributins were nt limited t ne field.
D. Hke was ne f the greatest astrnmers.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hke made a valuable cntributin t astrnmy t. A crater n the mn is named after him in hnur f his services t this branch f science.” 可知,胡克的贡献并不局限于一个领域。故选C。
答案:C
B
As a kid, Janna Buckley wasn’t interested in science—until she had a chance t try it. That happened when she gt a chemistry set fr Christmas.
“Over the curse f a few weeks, I’d cmpleted every experiment. But in the prcess, I plluted my parents’ dining rm carpet and burnt the kitchen wrktp with the spirit burner,” she says.
Nw science is Buckley’s jb. She wrks in the chemistry department at the University f Sheffield in England. “I realise, first-hand, hw imprtant it is t have smething r smene t shw yu why science is s great,” she says. Nw the gd news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun f experimenting a step further than Buckley’s at-hme chemistry kit. That’s because these experiments are real, lking fr nvel answers.
“Cmpared with a ne-ff experiment, what’s cl abut citizen science is that students get that this has a purpse,” Prunuske says. “Students want t d a gd jb, because they knw scientists are ging t use the new data in their wn research.”
Lng agrees. “Kids like that it’s real. And they like that it’s imprtant, that it matters.” Citizen-science prjects have made big discveries. One fund a previusly unknwn galaxy cluster(星系团). Anther prject helped assess hw much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And ne f the first citizen-science prjects helped scientists learn where butterflies g every winter.
Sme adults wrry abut teens lsing interest in science. That’s ne reasn they hpe that fun, exciting citizen-science prjects can help them keep in tuch, Lng says. And she has sme evidence that it’s wrking. “Last year, we did have a cuple f students say, ‘I really think I want t be a scientist nw.’”
5. What is the purpse f paragraph 2?
A. T supprt trials can make teens interested in science.
B. T prve failure is the mther f success in science.
C. T state Buckley has a talent fr science.
D. T praise Buckley fr her strng will.
解析:推理判断题。文章第一段提到乔安娜·巴克利小时候对科学并不感兴趣,直到她有机会尝试了一下。文章第二段讲述了乔安娜·巴克利在实验过程中的经历。由此可知,第二段是为了支持第一段作者的观点:只有做了实验才能对科学感兴趣。故选A。
答案:A
6. Why is citizen science mre fun?
A. It carries ut experiments frequently.
B. It must carry ut experiments in grups.
C. It needs t seek fr new slutins.
D. It demands t handle cmplex prblems.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段“Citizen science takes the fun f experimenting a step further than Buckley’s at-hme chemistry kit. That’s because these experiments are real, lking fr nvel answers.”可知,公民科学更有趣是因为它需要寻找新的解决办法。故选C。
答案:C
7. What can we knw frm what Prunuske said?
A. She participated in the experiment.
B. She tk pride in what students tk up.
C. Citizen science is ppular with students.
D. Scientists are willing t emply students.
解析:推理判断题。根据第五段中“Cmpared with a ne-ff experiment, what’s cl abut citizen science is that students get that this has a purpse ...”可推知,公民科学受学生欢迎。故选C。
答案:C
8. What is Lng’s attitude twards citizen science?
A. Cncerned.B. Supprtive.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Sme adults wrry abut teens lsing interest in science. That’s ne reasn they hpe that fun, exciting citizen-science prjects can help them keep in tuch, Lng says. And she has sme evidence that it’s wrking.”可推断出,朗对于公民科学项目是支持的。故选B。
答案:B
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五。
Characteristics f an Excellent Scientist
The Free Dictinary defines(定义) a scientist as a persn having prfessinal knwledge n ne r mre sciences, especially natural science r physical science. 1. Let’s lk at sme characteristics f an excellent scientist.
Curisity
2. Scientists such as Thmas Edisn and Gerge Westinghuse discvered things mainly because they wanted t knw hw things wrk. If a scientist desn’t have the drive t ask questins r even wnder, then he/she never gets t the first stage f the scientific prcess.
Patience
3. There are very few jbs that take lnger than this ne. Even if yu think yu have received sme educatin n science, yu still have a lt f scientific research t d. If yu’re an instant-gratificatin(及时满足的) type f persn, this may nt be the best chice fr yu.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In rder t truly discver and use knwledge fr the greater gd, a scientist must have a desire t imprve peple’s life as well as the envirnment and living things. A scientist must reprt findings hnestly regardless f persnal r utside cmmercial interests. Sticking t an ld belief cntradicted by evidence is dishnest. 4.
Wrking habits
An excellent scientist even takes ntes f the smallest bservatin, keeping it in mind and recrding it. 5. He/She als needs t cmmunicate thughts n paper and verbally with thers t find smething new.
A. Becming a scientist takes a lng time.
B. An excellent scientist must be very curius abut things.
C. Scientists have t think differently t make discveries.
D. The research labratry is an imprtant wrking place fr scientists.
E. It als defines a scientist as smene wh uses scientific methds.
F. Hwever, that belief shuldn’t be changed withut pwerful evidence.
G. He/She can wrk well alne r in grups, depending n what’s needed.
1. 解析:空处与前文“The Free Dictinary defines a scientist as a persn having prfessinal knwledge n ne r mre sciences, especially natural science r physical science.” 相呼应,都是对科学家的定义,选项E符合语境。
答案:E
2. 解析:根据下一句“Scientists such as Thmas Edisn and Gerge Westinghuse discvered things mainly because they wanted t knw hw things wrk.”可知,一位优秀的科学家对事物一定很好奇,选项B符合语境。
答案:B
3. 解析:根据下一句“There are very few jbs that take lnger than this ne.”可知,成为一名科学家需要很长时间,选项A符合语境。
答案:A
4. 解析:根据前文“A scientist must reprt findings hnestly regardless f persnal r utside cmmercial interests. Sticking t an ld belief cntradicted by evidence is dishnest.”可知,这段是介绍科学家对待发现的原则。选项F“Hwever, that belief shuldn’t be changed withut pwerful evidence.(然而,没有强有力的证据,这种信仰不应改变)”是承接上一句话来描述的,符合语境。
答案:F
5. 解析:下一句“He/She als needs t cmmunicate thughts n paper and verbally with thers t find smething new.”讲述的是科学家的工作方式,由句中的als可知本空也是介绍科学家的工作方式。选项G“He/She can wrk well alne r in grups, depending n what’s needed.”描写的是科学家可以单独或团体工作,这取决于工作的需要,符合语境。
答案:G
Ⅵ. 完形填空。
Mshe Kai Cavalin is a yung man frm San Gabriel, Califrnia. Yet he has already 1 s much. He has a university degree in maths. He started nline classes in cmputer science and, it 2 him that NASA called t ffer wrk after 3 him in the past because f his age. Meanwhile, he was encuraged t develp 4 at will. He just published his secnd bk and planned t have his airplane pilt’s license by the year’s end.
Still, Cavalin insists that he’s a(n) 5 persn rather than a genius. He credits his parents with years f fcused instructin balanced by the 6 t pick his after-schl activities. “My case isn’t that special. It’s just a cmbinatin f parenting and 7 ,” he says.
His parents say he was always a 8 study. At 4 mnths, he pinted t a jet in the sky and said the Chinese wrd fr airplane, his first wrd. Cavalin 9 the limits f his hme schling after studying trignmetry(三角学) at age 7. Therefre, his mum started driving him t cmmunity 10 .
But his rapid rise hasn’t been withut 11 . Early in cllege, he nce 12 being an astrphysicist (天体物理学家). But he 13
interest when he started taking advanced physics classes. At that time, sftware fascinated him, which led him twards cmputer science, which
14 t be a better fit. Ricard Arteaga, his bss at NASA, says Cavalin is 15 fr a prject that cmbines maths, cmputer and aircraft technlgy.
1. A. suffered B. achieved
C. learned D. cntributed
解析:suffer遭受;achieve取得成就;learn学习;cntribute奉献。根据下文的“He has a university degree ... the year’s end.”可知,凯孝虎虽然年纪轻轻,但是已经拥有了大学学位,还被美国国家航空航天局雇用,并且已经出版了两本书,还计划取得飞行员执照,此处用“取得成就”符合语境。
答案:B
2. A. disappinted B. satisfied
C. surprised D. relieved
解析:disappint使失望;satisfy使满意;surprise使吃惊;relieve缓解。根据下文的“NASA called t ffer wrk after 3 him in the past because f his age”可知,美国国家航空航天局之前因凯孝虎年龄的问题拒绝过他的工作申请,现在却打电话给他,为他提供工作,这让凯孝虎很是意外。
答案:C
3. A. refusing B. cnnecting
C. emplying D. cnsulting
解析:refuse拒绝;cnnect连接;emply雇用;cnsult咨询。根据“because f his age”可知,此处用“拒绝”符合语境。
答案:A
4. A. careers B. habits
C. abilities D. hbbies
解析:career职业;habit习惯;ability能力;hbby爱好。根据下文的“He just published his secnd bk ... by the year’s end.”可知,凯孝虎刚出版了自己的第二本书,并计划在年底取得飞行员执照,故可知,他被鼓励自由地发展业余爱好。
答案:D
5. A. intelligent B. rdinary
C. frtunate D. aggressive
解析:intelligent智慧的;rdinary普通的;frtunate幸运的;aggressive挑衅的。根据空后“rather than a genius”可知,凯孝虎坚持认为自己是普通人而非天才。
答案:B
6. A. freedm B. access
C. limit D. guide
解析:freedm自由;access通路;limit限制;guide指导。根据上文的“he was encuraged t develp 4 at will”可知,凯孝虎被鼓励自由地发展业余爱好,freedm对应上文的at will。
答案:A
7. A. cmpetitin B. regulatin
C. mtivatin D. restrictin
解析:cmpetitin竞争;regulatin规则;mtivatin积极性;restrictin约束。根据上文可知,凯孝虎被鼓励自由地发展业余爱好,再结合语境可知,此处表示他认为他的成功是父母的养育和自己的积极相结合的结果。
答案:C
8. A. careful B. quick
C. clever D. happy
解析:careful仔细的;quick快的;clever聪明的;happy快乐的。根据下文的描述可知,凯孝虎在4个月大的时候就说出了他的第一个词,在7岁的时候就开始去社区大学学习了,故此处用 a quick study“学东西快的人”符合语境。
答案:B
9. A. changed B. hit
C. created D. defined
解析:change改变;hit碰到;create创造;define下定义。根据下文的“his mum started driving him t cmmunity 10 ”可知,凯孝虎7岁时,在学习了三角学之后就达到了家庭教育的上限,即家庭教育已经满足不了凯孝虎学习的需要了,hit the limits “达到极限”。
答案:B
10. A. centre B. hspital
C. service D. cllege
解析:centre中心;hspital医院;service服务;cllege大学。由上文可知,凯孝虎7岁时家庭教育已经满足不了他的学习需要了,所以他的妈妈开始带他去社区大学学习。下文“Early in cllege”也给出了提示。
答案:D
11. A. twists B. difficulties
C. struggles D. barriers
解析:twist转变;difficulty困难;struggle挣扎;barrier障碍。根据下文“Early in cllege, he nce 12 being an astrphysicist.”可知,凯孝虎的兴趣发生过变化。
答案:A
12. A. gave up B. bjected t
C. dreamed f D. went n
解析:give up放弃;bject t 反对;dream f梦想;g n继续下去。根据语境,尤其是下文的“But he 13 interest when he started taking advanced physics classes ... twards cmputer science ...”可知,在大学初期,凯孝虎曾想当一名天体物理学家,故此处用“梦想”符合语境。
答案:C
13. A. added B. lst
C. shwed D. generated
解析:add增加;lse失去;shw展示,表现;generate发生,形成。根据语境以及表示转折的But可以推断,此处表示“失去兴趣”。
答案:B
14. A. came ut B. brught ut
C. put ut D. turned ut
解析:cme ut开花,出版; bring ut出版,激发;put ut熄灭;turn ut证明是,结果是。根据句意可知,凯孝虎转而学习计算机科学这件事结果被证明是更好的选择。
答案:D
15. A. perfect B. anxius
C. grateful D. ready
解析:perfect完美的;anxius焦虑的,迫切的;grateful 感激的;ready准备好的。根据第一段中的“NASA called t ffer wrk”以及凯孝虎的自身经历可知,里卡多认为凯孝虎非常适合结合了数学、计算机和航空器技术的项目。
答案:A
Ⅶ. 读后续写。
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last Saturday, David was taking a walk in the park near his hme when he nticed a wman with a by f abut eight years ld. When David passed them, he heard the wman crying, “Hw stupid yu are! Yu’re gd at nthing.” David stpped and lked at the little by. The by said nthing. He just std there, lking upset.
David was reminded f his English teacher Mrs Brwn in middle schl. After he entered middle schl, David lacked self-cnfidence because he was ften made fun f by thers. He was ften tld that he was gd at nthing, which David believed. But ne day it all changed.
One day, in an English writing class, Mrs Brwn asked them t read a nvel. They were asked t write a new chapter f the nvel after they finished reading the bk. A few days later, David handed in his stry. He didn’t give it much thught. But the next day, t his surprise, the cmment “well dne” frm Mrs Brwn came int view the mment he turned t the page where the stry was written.
When David read that, he almst burst int tears. He never expected t be praised ne day. He suddenly gained sme self-cnfidence.
That day after he returned hme, he wrte a shrt stry and gave it t Mrs Brwn the next mrning. And again he was praised.
David became very interested in writing. He ften wrte shrt stries and asked Mrs Brwn t read them and crrect them fr him. Mrs Brwn always crrected the mistakes he had made and gave him gd advice t imprve them. One year later, David jined the schl newspaper and became an editr f it. He was n lnger that by wh lacked self-cnfidence. He gained his cnfidence and was hpeful abut his future.
He succeeded in entering cllege and kept writing. Several years after graduating frm cllege, he had his first bk published. With sme mre bks cming ut, he became famus as a writer in his cuntry. And he wed his success t Mrs Brwn’s encuragement. Withut her encuragement, his life might be very different nw.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Inspired by his wn life stry, David decided t d smething fr that by. He went t the wman, wh immediately recgnized him because she had read his bks and seen his pictures. David started t chat with her. He tld her that what she said t her by was nt apprpriate. Then he tld her abut the encuragement he nce gt frm Mrs Brwn. In the end, he said, “I culdn’t have becme a writer if I had believed I was gd at nthing.”
The mther was ashamed when she heard that. She realized that she shuldn’t have called her sn stupid, which wuld make him lse cnfidence in himself. S she said, “Thank yu fr yur advice. I’ll never say such things t him again. Instead, I’ll find ut what he is gd at and encurage him.” The wman then left with the by. Lking at the back f the by, David felt very happy, hping his actin culd make sme differences t the by.