人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters测试题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters测试题，共19页。

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking (1)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 根据首字母提示写出正确单词
1. Is coal actually cheaper than gas?
2. Sixty percent of the people surveyed hold a positive attitude to the design.
3. When we were in danger,they came to our rescue.
4. Our school was built of brick.
5. When Jack knew he was cheated, he was too angry to breathe.
6. Although we suffer from many serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
7. I am more than glad that you have learned to guess the meanings of the words from the context.
8. The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.
9. Getting up this morning was quite an effort.
10. Chris had seen him through a crack from the curtains.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. The injured leg caused great suffering (suffer) to the man.
2. The workers made it to the ruins (ruin) and began their work right away.
3. Then came the shocking (shock) news that the pilot failed to escape death.
4. Give up the belongings in your room or you might be trapped (trap) in the fire. 
5. Ever since Bonnie moved there, she has been buried (bury) in her research. 
6. Compared to that in the city, the air in the mountains is far better to breathe (breathe). 
7. I looked at my husband in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.
8. We’ve missed the bus. It looks as if we’ll have to walk.
Ⅲ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子
1. 我非常震惊。我仍然不能相信这是真的。
I am in shock. I still can’t believe it’s true.
2. 百分之九十的建筑物沦为废墟,金属管道和水龙头破裂,砖块覆盖着地面。
Ninety percent of the buildings lay in ruins. Metal pipes and water taps cracked,and bricks covered the ground.
3. 有很多其他原因可以解释为什么他想要做园艺工作。
There are a number of other reasons that might explain why he wants to garden.
4. 我们不得不等到他们结束讨论。
We have to wait until the discussion between them comes to an end.
5. 许多人被困或被埋在废墟中,遭受了巨大的痛苦。
Many people were trapped or buried in ruins and suffered a great deal.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
(2023·广东广州高三调研)
Our planet quakes thousands of times a year, but we still can’t predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike. What if animals’ odd behaviour could warn us?
Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre-quake abnormal animal behaviours, but more were just anecdotes. Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs. On October 13, 1989, he told a newspaper reporter a big quake would strike in a week. Four days later, the Loma Prieta megaquake hit! But the scientific community still rejected Berkland’s theory. He didn’t document every prediction, so nobody could measure his accuracy rate.
Actual scientific evidence has to be repeatable. And a connection between a cause and an effect has to be shown to be stronger than random chance through careful experimentation and data collection. California researchers in the 1970s happened to have built controlled habitats to monitor the wheel-running activity of pocket mice.These habitats happened to be in an active earthquake area. Then the 1971 San Fernando earthquake struck nearby. The researchers checked their data and found no big changes in how long the animals ran in their wheels or stayed underground before the earthquake activity. What might the next experiment show?
Researchers from 150 universities worldwide are working on a new study called the ICARUS project. The project tracks many small animal species such as birds, bats, and turtles for the purpose of scientific research. One group of researchers is looking for possible connections between animal behaviour and earthquakes. If they find a reliable connection, this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives. ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety.
However, not everyone is hopeful. Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some “cool things”, but she knows animal behaviour is hard to pin down. “My cat could act crazy before an earthquake,” she says. “But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener.”
1. What does the underlined word “anecdotes” mean in paragraph 2?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. Real-life news stories.
B. Random individual studies.
C. Repeated scientific reports.
D. Unproved personal accounts.
解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句“Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre-quake abnormal animal behaviours” (研究人员查阅了数百份关于地震前动物异常行为的报告)和转折词but可知,这些地震前动物异常行为的报告是传闻,即未经证实的报告。故选D。
答案:D
2. Why was Berkland’s theory rejected by the scientific community?
A. He used unreliable data from newspaper ads.
B. His document wasn’t consistent with his theory.
C. His study didn’t include enough animal samples.　
D. He failed to prove the accuracy of his predictions.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段“But the scientific community still rejected Berkland’s theory. He didn’t document every prediction, so nobody could measure his accuracy rate.” (但是科学界仍然拒绝接受伯克兰的理论。他没有记录每个预测,所以没有人能衡量他的准确率。)可知,伯克兰的理论被科学界拒绝,是因为他没能证明自己预测的准确性。故选D。
答案:D
3. What is the ultimate goal of the ICARUS project?
A. To provide accurate pre-quake warnings.
B. To develop an app to call for help during quakes.
C. To seek worldwide cooperations in quake prediction.
D. To find connections between animal behaviours and quakes.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段“One group of researchers is looking for possible connections between animal behaviour and earthquakes. If they find a reliable connection, this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives. ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety.” (一组研究人员正在寻找动物行为和地震之间的可能联系。如果他们找到可靠的联系,这将挽救成千上万人的生命。ICARUS旨在为一款应用程序提供动力,让人们在几小时内到达安全地带。)可知,ICARUS项目的最终目标是提供准确的震前预警。故选A。
答案:A
4. What is Wendy Bohon’s attitude towards the ICARUS project?
A. Disapproving. B. Doubtful.
C. Intolerant. D. Unclear.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, not everyone is hopeful. Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some ‘cool things’, but she knows animal behaviour is hard to pin down. ‘My cat could act crazy before an earthquake,’ she says. ‘But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener.’”(然而,并非所有人都抱有希望。地质学家温迪·博汉说,ICARUS正在做一些“很酷的事情”,但她知道动物行为很难确定。“我的猫在地震前会表现得很疯狂,”她说,“但如果有人用开罐器,它也会显得很疯狂。”)可推断出,温迪·博汉对ICARUS项目表示怀疑。故选B。
答案:B
B
Some people are naturally better than others at social activities. There are the lucky few that draw people to them without any effort.
5. 　　　　 Put yourself at ease and remember these tips: 
Smile! A smile is understood in any culture and any age as a sign of friendship. So go ahead! It will put the other person at ease. You will seem approachable and happy. 6. 　　　　　 
Make eye contact. Good eye contact engages the other person to you. When you are introduced to someone, shake their hands and repeat their names. 7. 　　　　 Making eye contact shows you have confidence and are interested in the other person. 
8.　　　 Having a trusted friend next to you makes it less frightening to walk into a room full of people. But remember that even if you walk in as a pair, it doesn’t mean you just stick together the whole time. The point in a social gathering is that you make friends with other people. 
Go to social settings with a shared interest. For example, joining an art class automatically puts you in a setting with other people you already have a common interest in. 9. 　　　 

A. Go with friends.
B. Ask the other person questions.
C. That will help you remember their names.
D. This is the worst impression to make in any setting.
E. It will let the other person know that you are safe to talk to.
F. But for most of us, we feel shy and awkward in social activities.
G. You now have something to talk about and work it from there.
5. 解析:前面提到,很少有人能毫不费力地吸引人。空前句中的“the lucky few”与F项中的“most of us”相对应,同时F项中的But引起的句子与空前一句意义正好相反。
答案:F
6. 解析:本段主要讲述“微笑”的魅力。首先E项中的代词It指代的是“微笑”,同时E项也是表述微笑的益处。
答案:E
7. 解析:根据前面一句,当你被介绍给某人时,握住他们的手并重复他们的名字,很容易推知下层意思:这会帮助你记住他们的名字。C项中的代词That与上句相呼应。
答案:C
8. 解析:要求选择本段的小标题。通览本段内容可知,这里讲的是值得信任的朋友的陪伴,故A项正确。
答案:A
9. 解析:前面作者建议,根据你的兴趣去参加社交活动。因为当你有了一些可以谈论的东西,就能从这些方面开始谈论。故G项正确。
答案:G
Reading and Thinking (2)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The nurse takes care of the patient as if he were (be) her father.
2. Her refusal to do the job left me shocked (shock). Therefore I was speechless.
3. It seemed that he had great difficulty breathing(breathe) after about twenty-five minutes’ jogging.
4. The family as well as their dog were trapped(trap) on the roof by the flood. 
5. Hard as he tried, all his efforts(effort) to get that job ended up with failure.
6. The little girl was sitting with her head buried(bury) in an interesting book.
7. Seeing(see) the police, he made a run for the exit.
8. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in ruins.
9. Most of the major cities of the world suffer from traffic jams.
10. The heavy rain didn’t do much damage to the crops.
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空
the dead, in times of, as usual, as if,blow away, in ruins,
the number of, come to an end, in shock, dig out
1. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1997. 
2. If I were the wind, I would blow away the dust of the world. 
3. After the battle, the soldiers buried the dead. 
4. I regret to say that the hurricane left the city in ruins. 
5. For me, the nightmare(噩梦) that lasted 132 days has come to an end today. 
6. Why didn’t your father drive you to school that day as usual? 
7. As your best friend, I could not leave you in times of trouble. 
8. The girl looked around as if in search of something. 
9. They sat there in shock and disbelief. 
10. Many valuables have been dug out in the working site.　 
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. The water in the village wells rose and fell. 1. 　　　　(chicken) and pigs were too nervous to eat. Bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises 2. 　　　　(hear). 
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to 3. 　　　　end! A large city lay 4. 　　　　ruins in less than one minute. The earthquake caused great damage to the city. People were in shock. Water, food, and electricity were hard 5.　　　　
(get). 
Soon after the quakes, soldiers were sent to the city to dig out those 6. 　　　　were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. 7. 　　　 (slow) the city began to 8. 　　　　(breath) again. 
With 9. 　　　　(strength) support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built. And up to now the city 10. 　　　　(become) a home to more than seven million people. 
1. 解析:考查名词复数。根据空后的并列主语pigs和谓语动词were可知,设空处应是名词复数形式,且位于句首。故填Chickens。
答案:Chickens
2. 解析:考查动词时态和语态。设空处作and连接的并列句的谓语。主语loud noises 是复数形式,且与谓语动词是被动关系。故填were heard。
答案:were heard
3. 解析:考查冠词。come to an end表示“结束,终止”, 是固定用法。故填 an。
答案:an
4. 解析:考查介词。in ruins表示“严重受损,破败不堪”是固定用法。故填in。
答案:in
5. 解析:考查非谓语动词。不定式作状语修饰hard。故填to get。
答案:to get
6. 解析:考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语;先行词为those,指人。故填 who。
答案:who
7. 解析:考查词性转换。修饰整个句子要用副词,且位于句首,需要大写。故填Slowly。
答案:Slowly
8. 解析:考查非谓语动词。begin to do/doing sth 表示“开始做某事”。故填breathe。
答案:breathe
9. 解析:考查词性转换。设空处作定语修饰support,故用形容词。故填strong。
答案:strong
10. 解析:考查动词时态。由空前up to now “到目前为止”可知,用现在完成时。故填 has become。
答案:has become
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release(释放) of energy stored in the rocks below the surface. Generally, earthquakes last only seconds. Strong ground shaking during a medium to large earthquake generally lasts about 10 to 30 seconds. Aftershocks(余震) can occur once in a while for weeks or even months.
Many people think that there is an “earthquake season” or a kind of “earthquake weather”. As a matter of fact, there isn’t. Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and at any time of the day or night. Earthquakes occur under all weather conditions—sunny, wet or cold without any special weather tendency(倾向).
Also, you don’t need to worry that the ground will open up and swallow people when earthquakes occur. Open ground cracks may form during an earthquake—related, for example, to land sliding or ground falling. However, such cracks tend to be open gaps (they don’t “swallow”) that a person could stand in afterwards.
The safest place in an earthquake is an open field because buildings and falling objects can injure or kill you. If you are indoors, when you feel the ground start to shake, take cover immediately under a table or a strong piece of furniture, placing something between falling objects and yourself. Don’t attempt to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building.
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Earthquakes usually last 10 to 30 seconds.
B. After a big earthquake, there are many more quakes.
C. Cracks in an earthquake are very dangerous.
D. What usually injures people during an earthquake are falling buildings.
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The safest place in an earthquake is an open field because buildings and falling objects can injure or kill you.”可知,在地震中,通常造成人们受伤的是倒塌的建筑。
答案:D
2. What does the underlined word “swallow” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Take sb/sth in.
B. Make sb frightened.
C. Make room for sb to stand in.
D. Make the ground slide.
解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中“However, such cracks tend to be open gaps (they don’t ‘swallow’) that a person could stand in afterwards.”可知,这里的意思是这些裂口不能吞没人,所以“swallow”的意思是“吸收,吞没”。
答案:A
3. During an earthquake, which of the following things should NOT you do?
A. Find an open field and stay there.
B. Stay away from buildings.
C. Take cover under a table.
D. Take an elevator.
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Don’t attempt to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building.”可知,在发生地震时,不能乘电梯。
答案:D
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Do you believe cats have nine lives? If they do, then a cat named Scarlett may have used a few of her 　1　 all at once.  
Scarlett was a cat 　2　 in an old, empty building in New York. One day, the building caught fire. Most animals would have tried to quickly 　3　. But Scarlett had five kittens to 　4　. As the fire got bigger, Scarlett ignored the 　5　. One by one, she carried her kittens to safety. By the time Scarlett 　6　 the last kitten, her fur was badly burned, and her eyes were burned shut. 
A kind firefighter found all the kittens and 　7　 their mother. Even though Scarlett could not see him, she 　8　 his voice and let him pick her up. He put her in a box with her babies. She couldn’t 　9　 her kittens, so she counted them by touching each one’s nose. 
Scarlett and her kittens were 　10　 to an animal hospital where it took almost three months for them to heal. Scarlett’s 　11　 story was reported in the local newspapers. Many people wanted to help Scarlett and her kittens. An official of the hospital made sure that they were all adopted into good homes. 
Scarlett’s fur grew back, and her eyes fully opened once again. In her new home, she played with paper balls 　12　. She didn’t act as if she were 　13　. She was just happy to live in a safe home with 　14　
owners. To prove it, she purred(发出呼噜声) loudly when her 　15　
were near. Scarlett was a true survivor. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. A. chances B. interests
C. lives D. parents
解析:chance机会;interest兴趣;life生命;parent父(母)亲。根据上文中的“Do you believe cats have nine lives?”可知,如果猫有九条命,那么那只叫斯嘉丽的猫就同时用了她的几条命。
答案:C
2. A. missing B. surviving
C. wandering D. playing
解析:miss错过,未觉察;survive生存;wander闲逛;play玩耍。根据old, empty可知,斯嘉丽在这栋旧的、空旷的建筑中勉强度日。
答案:B
3. A. change B. escape
C. hide D. return
解析:change改变;escape逃避,逃离;hide 躲藏;return返回。根据上一句中的“the building caught fire”可知,房子着火了,所以大多数的动物都试图逃跑。
答案:B
4. A. feed B. choose
C. protect D. follow
解析:feed饲养,养活;choose选择;protect保护;follow跟随。根据下文语境,斯嘉丽救出自己的孩子可知,她要保护自己的孩子们。
答案:C
5. A. danger B. trouble
C. unfairness D. anger
解析:danger危险;trouble麻烦;unfairness 不公平;anger愤怒,怒气。由常识可知,火灾发生且火势逐渐变大,斯嘉丽面临危险。
答案:A
6. A. lost B. left
C. saw D. saved
解析:lose丧失,失去;leave离开;see看,看见;save挽救,救助。根据下文中的“firefighter found all the kittens”可知,斯嘉丽救出了所有小猫。
答案:D
7. A. asked for B. looked for
C. knew about D. gave up
解析:ask for询问;look for寻找;know about了解;give up放弃。根据下文中的 “He put her in a box with her babies.” 可知,消防员在找到小猫后又寻找他们的妈妈。
答案:B
8. A. forgot B. heard
C. recognised D. trusted
解析:forget忘记,落下;hear听,听见;recognise认出,承认;trust相信。根据下文中的“let him pick her up”可知,斯嘉丽相信消防员,所以让他把自己救起。
答案:D
9. A. see B. touch
C. raise D. smell
解析:see看,看见;touch使接触,感动;raise提升,举起;smell闻到,有……气味。根据上文中的“her eyes were burned shut”可知,斯嘉丽无法看见她的孩子们。
答案:A
10. A. invited B. introduced
C. rushed D. forced
解析:invite邀请;introduce 介绍;rush 匆忙行事,速送;force强迫。斯嘉丽和她的孩子们被迅速送往宠物医院。
答案:C
11. A. scary B. sad
C. heroic D. romantic
解析:scary可怕的;sad悲伤的;heroic英勇的;romantic 浪漫的。根据上文中斯嘉丽英勇救出自己孩子们的经历可知,这是个英勇的故事。
答案:C
12. A. proudly B. bravely
C. nervously D. happily
解析:proudly骄傲地; bravely勇敢地;nervously紧张地;happily高兴地。根据下文中的“She was just happy”可知,在斯嘉丽的新家,她高兴地玩着纸团。
答案:D
13. A. famous B. blind
C. ill D. cute
解析:famous著名的,出名的; blind失明的;ill有病的,有害的;cute可爱的。根据上文中的“story was reported in the local newspapers”可知, 斯嘉丽出名了。
答案:A
14. A. patient B. humorous
C. loving D. positive
解析:patient有耐心的; humorous幽默的;loving 充满爱的;positive积极的。根据上文中的“She was just happy”可知,她拥有慈爱的主人。
答案:C
15. A. enemies B. doctors
C. babies D. owners
解析:enemy敌人;doctor 医生;baby 婴儿;owner主人。当斯嘉丽的主人靠近时,她会大声打呼噜表示友爱。
答案:D