【期中知识点归纳】（人教版2019）2023-2024学年高二上册英语 选修1 Unit 5 Working the Land 试卷 .zip

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Unit 5 Working the Land






Welcome Unit

话题
农业
词汇
shortage, tackle, reality, convince, assumption, attain, overcome, intense, generate, essential
短语
devote. . . to, be comprised of, deep down, in turn, for instance, turn to, keep. . . from. . ., expand into. . ., through intense effort, far from
句型
1. 主语从句
2. 介词+关系代词
3. 动词不定式作目的状语
4. given that 考虑到
语法
主语从句
写作
如何写表达观点的文章


1. convince vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
【教材原句】
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (P50)
袁隆平坚信, 可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。
【知识拓展】
convince sb. of sth. 　　　使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that. . . 使某人相信……
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①She was more than ever convinced of her wisdom in not exposing herself to the English climate.
②It took many hours to convince(convince) me of his guilt.  
③By convincing (convince) me that no good could come of staying, he persuaded me to leave.
④I’m convinced(convince) that she is telling the truth.
2. assumption n. [C] 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
【教材原句】
The common assumption then was that it could not be done. (P50)当时人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。
【知识拓展】
make assumptions/an assumption about. . . 　对……做假设
on the assumption that. . . 假定……, 假设……
【基础演练】完成句子
①The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.  
这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。
②Don’t rely on the information she gave you; it is pure assumption.  
不要相信她告诉你的消息, 那完全是臆测。
③The theory is bottomed on questionable assumptions.  
这一理论是建立在靠不住的假设基础上的。
④I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.  
我错了, 我愿为此承担责任。
3. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到
【教材原句】
One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. (P50)
杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。
【知识拓展】attain, reach, achieve, arrive均有“达到”之意。
(1)attain侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下, 以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目的。
(2)reach常用词, 指到达某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点。
(3)achieve侧重为达到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力。
(4)arrive指得出结论, 达成某项协议或做出某一决定等。该词是不及物动词, 后面通常接介词at。
【基础演练】完成句子
①I’m determined to attain my purpose at any cost.  
我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。
②The country attained its independence in 1972.  
这个国家在1972年获得了独立。
③They finally reached their destination.  
他们最终到达了他们的目的地。
④He will never achieve anything if he doesn’t work hard.  
他如果不努力工作就永远不会有所成就。
⑤Finally, they arrived at/reached an agreement.  
他们最终达成了协议。
4. devote. . . to 把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心
【典型例句】
Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.
现在, 她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。
【知识拓展】
be devoted to(doing) sth. 献身于; 专心致志于(做)某事
devote one’s life/ time/ energy to ( doing) sth. 把某人的生命/时间/精力献给……
devote oneself to 致力于; 献身于; 专心于
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①He always devotes his attention to helping (help) the homeless children.  
②Devoted(devote) to his research, he almost forgot everything about himself.
③We appreciated his devotion(devote) to the project.
5. in turn相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流
【典型例句】
It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious.
然而, 有时压力很大, 这反过来又让我感到焦虑。
【知识拓展】
by turns轮流地(表示“轮流地, 交替地”, 相当于alternately, in turn, 多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作)
take turns in doing/to do sth. 　　　　轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
take one’s turn 轮到某人做
【基础演练】①The shop assistants had to have their days off by turns.
②They had to take turns to look(look) after the patients.  
③I think it’s my turn to drive(drive) the kids to school this week.  
④People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates further problems.
6. keep. . . free of /from. . . 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
【教材原句】
Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. (P55)有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。
【知识拓展】
keep up　保持, 使不低落
keep up with 赶上, 不落后
keep out(of. . . ) 不让……进入
keep off 离开; 避开
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①We should keep the children free of/from drugs.
②She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption.
③In the years ahead, he reflected, he would need to stay alert and informed just to keep up with Celia mentally.
④He wants you to keep him informed (inform)of how things are going with you.
⑤The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.
7. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. 确实, 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的数百万中国农民一样。 
【典型例句】
The person about whom they are talking is our math teacher.
他们正在谈论的那个人是我们的数学老师。
【知识拓展】
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词前介词选择三原则: 一先, 二动, 三意义(重中之重)。一先, 即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择; 二动, 即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择; 三意义, 即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。注意有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分, 介词只能放在动词后, 如: look for。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①Can you tell me the date on which you were born?
②His glasses, without which he could see nothing, fell on the ground and broke.
③He built a telescope through which he could study the sky.
④I never forget the day on which I came to this school.
⑤October 1, 1949 was the date on which the People’s Republic of China was founded.
⑥Tom’s father has bought a car in which he goes to work.
8. estimate vt. 估计; 估价; 估算 n. 估计; 估算
【典型例句】
I estimate it will take three months to build the bridge.
我估计建造这座桥得用3个月时间。
【知识拓展】
estimate sth. at. . . 　　　　　估算某物为……
be estimated to do sth. 估计做某事
It is estimated (that). . . 据估计……
at a rough estimate 粗略估计
make an accurate estimate 准确估计
【基础演练】完成句子
①It is estimated that (据估计)total investment in the country will continue to increase this year.  
②At a rough estimate(粗略估计), the army must have  
covered 250 miles that day.
③We need to make an accurate estimate ( 作出准确的估计)beforehand.  
9. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
【教材原句】
His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. (P51)
他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实, 并可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地, 用于水稻生产。
【知识拓展】
become a reality 　　　　　　　变成现实
in reality 事实上; 实际上
bring. . . back to reality 使……回到现实
face/accept reality 面对/接受现实
escape from reality 逃避现实
turn. . . into reality/ realities 实现
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①When the reality(real) was destroyed, the legend had freedom to expand.
② His plans were transformed overnight into reality.
③There is the point that the wealth that most people seem to be enjoying is not theirs in reality.
完成句子
④The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for a new generation of virtual reality. 6G的速度将会超过每秒125GB, 使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。 
⑤Mr Green is a professor in name but not in reality.  
格林先生是徒有虚名的教授。
⑥We thought he was serious but in reality/fact he was joking. 我们以为他是认真的, 但实际上他是在开玩笑。 
⑦When someone says, “Don’t bury your head in the sand. ”, he means you shouldn’t escape from reality(逃避现实).  
10. overcome vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
【典型例句】 Nobody could overcome her jump.
她的一跳, 无人能超越。
【知识拓展】
be overcome with grief 　　　　　　悲不自胜
be overcome with regret 后悔不已
overcome one’s shortcomings 克服某人的缺点
be overcome with homesickness 乡愁满肠
overcome shortcomings in one’s work 克服工作中的缺点
overcome difficulties 战胜困难
【基础演练】完成句子
①Helping my husband to overcome the difficult time was a real test of our love.  
帮助我丈夫渡过难关的确是对我们爱情的一次考验。
②As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.  
只要大伙儿拧成一股绳, 没有克服不了的困难。
③Once this difficulty is overcome(攻下这一困难), other problems will be easy to solve.  
11. be comprised of 包括; 包含; 由……组成(或构成)
【教材原句】
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. (P50)
据估算, 现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物, 这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
【知识拓展】
be made up of　　　　　由……组成
consist of 由……组成
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①A cricket team is comprised of eleven players.
②This month’s figures are comprised(comprise) in the total.  

一．语法基础：主语从句
一、主语从句
主语从句是名词性从句的一种, 在复合句中作主语, 相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首, 也可以用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面。
二、主语从句的引导词
1. 连词that、whether, 在主语从句中不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用, 不可省略, 其中that没有词义, whether表示“是否”, 但是不能换成if。
2. 连接代词what、who、which, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语, 不可省略。
3. 连接副词when、where、how、why, 在主语从句中作状语, 分别表示时间、地点、方式、原因等, 不可省略。
另外, wh-+ever, 如whoever、whatever、whichever等也可引导主语从句。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等, 不可省略。
【基础演练】语法填空。
What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.
(2)Whether he will attend the meeting or not doesn’t matter.
他是否参加会议并不重要。
(3)That he survived the serious traffic accident was a wonder.  
他在那次严重的交通事故中幸存下来是个奇迹。
(4)How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.  
如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。
(5)Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.  
无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。
三、it作形式主语的主语从句
在主语从句中如果主语太长, 宾语或表语又太短, 为了避免头重脚轻, 保持句子平衡, 通常会采用it作形式主语, 真正的主语从句放在后面。
常见的使用it作形式主语的结构:
It is said/reported/believed/well known that. . .
It is a pity that. . .
It is probable that. . .
It happened that. . .
It is no wonder that. . . . . .
【基础演练】
(1)It happened that I met my teacher on my way home.  
我在回家路上碰巧遇上我的老师。
(2)It is no wonder that my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish.  
怪不得跟我在一起吃饭的客人, 每道菜也就浅尝几口。
四、主语从句的语序时态问题
　　主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序, 尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候, 主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
主语从句的时态根据具体语境来确定, 尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候, 有些同学会和when时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
【基础演练】语法填空。
(1)What is impressive is that my colleagues messaged us, worrying why Kun and I didn’t come back with the clock pointing to 1 am, 2 am or even 3 am.
(2)What worries his mother is that he always keeps apart from others in his class.
(3)Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
五、主语从句的主谓一致
　　主语从句作主语相当于名词, 和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者不定式作主语一样看作单数, 句子谓语应该使用单数形式。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
医生怀疑的是我的妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
【基础演练】语法填空。
(1)Whether it will do us harm or good remains (remain) to be seen.
(2)It is well-known that Chinese people are not only hard-working but friendly.
(3)What we can’t get seems (seem) better than what we have.
(4)Whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants (plant) such as rice was a matter of great debate.
二．写作基础：如何写表达观点的文章
高考英语应用文写作中, 发表观点, 议论情景是常见的书写手法。发表议论就是通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张, 作者对某一问题持有一种看法, 为了使读者同意自己的看法, 提出若干理由, 试图说服他人。
发表议论时, 我们要注意三个要素: 论点、论据、论证。
议论文的类型:
1. “一分为二”的观点: 从两方面去分析一个问题, 然后阐述自己的观点。
2. “两者选一”的观点: 分析两种食物的优劣势, 阐述自己的观点。
3. “我认为……”型: 阐述对某事物的客观看法。
4. “看图(表)”作文: 通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。
如: 我们要写一篇关于支持有机农业的议论文, 需要注意哪些方面呢?
(1)说明、论述时要注意动词时态, 属于过去发生的用一般过去时, 属于经常发生的应用一般现在时。
(2)句子结构要有变化, 不要总是用一个句型“I am. . . and I agree. . . and I. . . ”
(3)熟练掌握一些固定句型和表达方式。
(4)熟练使用一些数据、百分比等作为观点的支撑。
(5)注意将作文的论据分层次展示, 然后列举出相应的细节去支撑主要观点。一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持, 不同层次之间要分明, 过渡清晰自然。
(6)观点要鲜明, 一篇文章要有一个明确的中心论点。最后一段总结, 得出结论。整篇文章语言要简洁有力, 一般不采用口语。
议论文的写作步骤:
(1)引言(introduction)。由于英语作文受时间和字数的限制, 因此, 审清题意之后在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题, 并明白地亮出自己的观点, 如提倡什么, 支持什么, 反对什么。
(2)主体段(main body)。主体段是议论的过程, 作者必须有足够的证据( adequate proofs)来论证自己的观点。一般可提出一个或两个 proofs, 并对此用几句话分别进行阐述。
(3)结论(conclusion)。结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章。同时要注意与引言段呼应, 但不能照搬前面的原话。
【写作示例】
　　关于有机农业和化学农业, 你们班举行了一场辩论。请结合你们的讨论结果, 写一篇支持有机农业的英语作文, 词数不低于80。
注意要点:
1. 化学农业的危害;
2. 有机农业的优点及理由;
3. 讨论的结果和大家的期待;
4. 根据自己掌握的相关知识, 批判性地发表自己的观点。
【写作过程】
第一步：审题谋篇

第二步：要点翻译
完成句子
1. Chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key words.  
化学农业和有机农业是两个关键词。
2. There are various opinions about chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.  
关于化学农业和有机农业有各种观点。
3. There is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. The vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition.  
毫无疑问, 残留在农作物中的化学物质会导致癌症或其他疾病。蔬菜生长得太快, 几乎没有营养。
4. The first reason is that as people are richer, they attach great importance to health. The second reason is that organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive.  
第一个原因是, 随着人们越来越富裕, 他们非常重视健康。第二个原因是有机农产品仅使用天然肥料, 使蔬菜和水果既美味又营养。
5. As a saying goes, health is the first wealth. And it is wiser to choose organic food.  
俗话说, 健康是第一财富。选择有机食品是更明智的。
词句升级
6. 请用主从复合句连接1、2两句话。
Chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key words, over which there are various opinions.  
7. 请使用合适的衔接词将3改写, 使其逻辑清晰, 层次分明。
Above all, there is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. Besides, the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition.  
8. 使用适当的衔接词, 变化4的结构, 使其层次分明, 避免口语化。
There are many reasons for this. The first one is that as people are richer, they attach great importance to health. Secondly, organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive.  
9. 用因果关系改写5, 使其更具逻辑性。
As a saying goes, health is the first wealth, so it is wiser to choose organic food.  
第三步：连句成篇








　　In terms of the development of modern agriculture, chemical agriculture and organic agriculture are two key words, over which there are various opinions.
　　It is obvious that using chemical fertilisers has many disadvantages. Above all, there is no doubt that the chemicals staying inside the crops can lead to cancer or other illnesses. Besides, the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition.
　　Organic foods are becoming increasingly popular with customers. There are many reasons for this. The first one is that as people are richer, they attach great importance to health. Secondly, organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers, making vegetables and fruit tasty and nutritive. Moreover, the produce grows in clean water and never uses pesticides, which is beneficial for our health.
As a saying goes, health is the first wealth, so it is wiser to choose organic food.
【知识拓展】
1. 话题词汇
(1)introduction(引言): Nowadays more and more people. . . /. . . plays an important role in. . . /. . . have both advantages and disadvantages. . . /Generally speaking, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows. . .
(2)main body(主体):
Firstly. . . Secondly. . . In addition/What’s more/Moreover. . . /Every coin has two sides. . . / To make things worse. . .
(3)Conclusion(结论): Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see. . . /Therefore. . .
2. 话题句式
(1)总起: Different people hold different opinions/The opinions are divided/People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards/People have different opinions on this problem/People take different views on this question
(2)表达不同观点: of them hold the opinion that/of them are in favor of the idea that/People who are for/against the idea think/Some people believe that. . . Others argue that. . .
(3)不同观点之间的衔接: However, some of them hold a different view/ hold the opposite opinion/People who are against it don’t think so/However, each coin has two sides/Different from those, people think/On the other hand. . . /People object that. . .
(4)并列关系: and, as well as, also
(5)递进关系: besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more
(6)比较、对比: like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand

Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. shortage　　 n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺
2. tackle vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理
3. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
4. convince vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
5. assumption n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
6. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到
7. overcome vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
8. intense adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的
9. generate vt. 产生; 引起
10. essential adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. devote vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→devoted adj. 专心的→devotion n. 献身, 热爱
2. deep adj. 深的→depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度)
3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→expansion n. 扩大, 发展
4. convention n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→conventional adj. 习惯的, 传统的
5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→characteristic n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的
6. estimate vt. 估计→estimation n. 估算; 估价
7. consume v. 消费→consumption n. 消费→consumer n. 消费者
8. nutrition n. 营养; 滋养→nutritious adj. 有营养的→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
9. digest v. 消化→digestion n. 消化; 领悟
10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→entirely adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地
III.核心短语
1. devote. . . to　　　把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心
2. be comprised of 包括; 由……组成(或构成) 
3. deep down 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上 
4. in turn 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流 
5. for instance 例如; 比如 
6. turn to 转向 
7. keep. . . from. . . 使……免受(影响、伤害等) 
8. expand into. . . 扩大成/发展成为…… 
9. through intense effort  通过不懈的努力
10. far from 几乎相反, 远非; 远离 
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: 主语从句
However, what concerned him most (最让他担心的是)was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.  
2. 句型公式: 介词+关系代词
Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life( 他为之奉献了一生的).  
3. 句型公式: 动词不定式作目的状语
To tackle this crisis (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.  
4. 句型公式: given that 考虑到
Given that(考虑到)Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.  
拓展练习
一、根据句意填写单词
1. Passing my driving test was such a to my confidence.
2. The theatre managed to its audiences by cutting ticket prices.
3. The woman was so with emotion that she wouldn’t stop hugging and blessing the couple.
4. We need an effective strategy to fight .
5. The investigation some unexpected results.
6. Sydney’s population rapidly in the 1960s.
7. The meat was clearly unfit for human .
8. If you don’t like a double-decker, the subway, which runs 24 hours a day, is an/a for you.
9. I’m what you said is quite right.
10. Government sources a long-term 50% increase in rail fares.
二、完成句子
11. 为了解决水资源不足的问题，我们必须尽可能地节约用水。(不定式作目的状语, tackle, shortage)
We have to save as much water as possible .
12. 志愿者工作精神扎根于我的内心， 我确信我能够成为一名你们需要的合格志愿者。
in my heart, I am sure that I can be a qualified volunteer you need.
13. 只有通过努力工作,一个人才能克服困难并最终取得巨大成功。
Only by working hard and eventually achieve great success.
14. 大家公认这个解决办法是最好的一个。(recognize)
the solution is certainly the best one.
15. 凯特给她的粉丝带来的是诚实和快乐。(主语从句)
is honesty and happiness.
16. 让我们吃惊的是竟有几个学生在高二的时候就已经被名校录取了。
was that several students had gained admission to the top universities even when they were still Senior 2.
17. 我们应该把我们的时间用于学习，而不是用在玩电脑游戏消磨时间上。
We should   instead of killing time in playing computer games.
18. 除了解雇戴维，我们别无选择。(alternative)
   David.
19. 我想告诉你的是我对我父母深深的爱和尊敬。
the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
20. I found that the homework was not as heavy as    in my old school.
我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重。
21. 他不过是试图通过玩电子游戏来逃避现实。
He is just trying to by playing video games.
22. The new development 1500 new jobs.
新开发项目将会创造1500个新的就业岗位。
23. 给我印象最深的是她乐于帮助处境困难的人。
is her willingness to help others in trouble.
24. Therefore, that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康，这仍然有很长的路要走。
25. 当我们得知老爷爷去世时，我们极度悲伤，泪水湿润了眼眶。(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)
When we heard the news   , we were overcome with extreme sadness, tears welling up in our eyes.
26. what引导主语从句
was that I didn’t know how to get along with my roommates.
让我心烦的是我不知道如何与室友相处。
27. 意识到爸爸买一辆新卡车有困难，我别无选择只能交出我挣的所有钱。
Realizing that my father had difficulty buying a new truck，I all the money I had made.
28. 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。
Burns are divided into three types, skin damage.
29. 亚马逊的商店是由全球各种不同的连锁店组成的。
Amazon’s stores various chain stores all over the world.
30. 据报道，中国武汉的疫情非常严峻。
the epidemic in Wuhan, China is very serious.
31. 他不得不躺在地上，轮流抬起左腿和右腿。
He had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs .
32. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains
33. China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers.
中国一直是设计师的灵感来源，这不算什么秘密。
34. 在解决问题之前,必须清楚问题本身是什么。(主语从句)
Before a problem can be solved,it must be obvious .
35. in the film hasn’t been known.
在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道。
36. When they were first introduced, many farmers a great way crop disease and increase production.
当它们第一次被引进时, 很多农民喜欢把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。
37. the chance of studying abroad is unknown.
他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。
38. 经理说，如果他们提交的方案不被接受，他们还有另一个方案。
The manager said that they had if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.
39. most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams.
袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
40. 他给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
people most about Yuan Longping   his ability to fulfill his dream.
三、根据所给汉语提示填空
41. (普遍认为) that he was innocent.
42. A football team (由……组成)eleven players while six players can (组成)a volleyball team. (根据中文提示完成句子)
43. This is (他出生的地方) .
44. He has decided on the date of the opening of his own company （尽管事实上）his parents don't agree with him.
45. (据认为) nowhere in the world can impress us so deeply as the Palace Museum.
46. We believe firmly what you have (致力于，献身于)is sure to come true.
47. 这本书用简单的语言写成并充满韵律，使其对儿童来说容易记住.
The book is written in simple words and full of the rhythm， for children to remember.
48. Students should involve themselves in (各种各样的)community activities.
49. Raw spinach is (营养价值尤其高).
50. 考虑到袁隆平（研发）的杂交品种已经让他相当富有，有人可能会认为他会退休去过悠闲的生活。
Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
51. My computer， (没有它)I can't surf the Internet， crashed yesterday. (根据中文提示完成句子)
52. (既然我的祖父母都已经从城市的工作中退休了), how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them.
53. (从这次经历中，我了解到) being careful is very important and that we can't be too careful, especially in examinations.
54. We were only able to make a rough (估计) of how much fuel would be required. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55. I know it to take tough measures against COVID-19 during our daily life, although it seems so inconvenient. （值得）
56. (城市的) development has led to the ruination of vast areas of countryside.
57. The new information may be useful for creating better (虚拟现实).
58. The change of the climate also makes the earth warmer. (相应地), the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.
59. (谁将去接他) is not decided.
60. (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
61. India (获得了独立)in 1947，after a long struggle.
62. (重要的是) everyone should learn to get along well with others in a new environment.
63. (已经定下来了) the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
64. He has so many friends, but ( 在内心深处 ), he has a fear of loneliness.
65. There’s a postage and packing fee (除……之外还有) the repair charge.
66. The criminal (除…….别无选择）to tell the truth of his crime.
67. I (推测)that the suspect should live near the university.
68. Beta acids are essential oils, and act as flavor compounds that (给了啤酒一种特有的味道和气味), with a slightly sour aftertaste.
69. I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party (吃喝玩乐) on weekends and (相应地) I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.
70. (考虑到他的年龄)，he is very strong and healthy.
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
About four hundred years ago in the capital of a kingdom, there was a man wanting to fly high in the sky. The man was Leonardo da Vinci, who’ studied about birds’ flight 71 many years. The birds’ flight gave him a fresh idea. He decided 72 (make) a pair of wings for himself, just like a bird’s wings. After studying 73 (variety) of birds’ flying patterns again and again, the man 74 (convince) that it was high time that he should show everyone he could fly.
One afternoon Leonardo da Vinci walked up the 75 (fame) tower in the middle of the city. Then he stood on the edge of a window, 76 (open) his wings and steeped off the tower. After several attempts, 77 many people had expected, he flew a long distance and finally landed safely on the other side of the river. Everyone who saw the successful scene burst into 78 (laugh).
All the people in the city couldn’t be 79 (delighted) at the man’s flight. The king was 80 excited that he even generously offered the man a thousand gold coins as a reward.

参考答案
一、
1. boost
【解析】考查名词。句意：通过了驾驶执照考试使我自信心大增。根据句意可知，此处意为“推动，促进”，故应用名词“boost推动，促进”，且空前有冠词，故应用名词单数形式，故填boost。
2. boost
【解析】考查动词。句意：剧院设法透过降低票价来增加观众数量。根据句意可知应填动词boost，此处为不定式作宾语。故填boost。
3. overcome
【解析】考查固定短语搭配。句意：这名女子非常激动，她不停地拥抱和祝福这对夫妇。分析句子结构，以及后文“she wouldn’t stop hugging and blessing the couple”可知，此处考查固定搭配：be overcome with emotion意为“相当激动，无法自己”。故填overcome。
4. poverty
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们需要制定一个有效的对策来与贫困作斗争。空前的fight表明该空是负向词汇，结合句意，此处表示对抗“贫困”，所以填名词poverty，不可数名词作宾语。故填poverty。
5. yielded
【解析】考查时态。句意：调查得出了一些出乎意料的结果。根据句意可知，本句为一般现在时，空处填过去时yielded。故填yielded。
6. expanded
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：20世纪60年代，悉尼的人口迅速增加。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语可知是一般过去时，根据句意可知是expand，意为“扩大”，故填expanded。
7. consumption
【解析】考查名词。句意：这肉显然不适合供人食用。此处应用名词作宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“食用”应用名词consumption，为不可数名词，故填consumption。
8. alternative
【解析】考查名词。句意：如果你不喜欢双层公共汽车，每天24小时运行的地铁是你的一个选择。根据句意可知，此处使用名词alternative，由不定冠词可知，应用名词单数形式，be an alternative for“是……的选择”。故填alternative。
9. convinced
【解析】考查动词。句意：我坚信你说的话是正确的。分析句子可知，此处考查动词convince的用法，意为“使相信、使确信”，是个及物动词。再结合语意可知，“我坚信”应为I’m convinced。故填convinced。
10. estimate
【解析】考查动词。句意：政府消息人士估计火车票价将有一个涨幅达50%的长期调涨。此处在句中作谓语，根据句意可知，此处表示“估计”应用动词estimate，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是复数，故填estimate。
二、
11. to tackle the problem of water shortage
【解析】考查动词不定式。根据汉语翻译可知，空处需填“为了解决水资源不足的问题”的英语表达，用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“解决”用动词tackle；表示“问题”用名词the problem，特指水资源不足的问题；表示“水资源不足”用名词短语 water shortage。故填to tackle the problem of water shortage。
12. With the spirit of voluntary work rooted
【解析】考查with复合结构。根据中英文提示，“志愿者工作精神扎根于我的内心”作状语，用with+宾语+宾语补足语，“志愿者工作精神”译为 the spirit of voluntary work，作宾语，root“扎根”作宾语补足语，与spirit是被动关系，故用过去分词rooted，故填With the spirit of voluntary work rooted。
13. can a person overcome difficulties
【解析】考查倒装句。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译，需翻译部分是“一个人才能克服困难”，主语是“一个人”译为“a person”，谓语是“才能克服”，译为“can overcome”，“困难”作宾语，译为“difficulties”，又因本句only开头，所以需要部分倒装，故填can a person overcome difficulties。
14. It is recognised that
【解析】考查固定句型。根据句意可知，表示“大家公认”应为固定句型“it is recognised that…”，其中it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，且位于句首，it的首字母需大写。故填It is recognised that。
15. What Kate offers to her fans
【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子并结合句意可知，表示“凯特给她的粉丝带来的”可用what引导主语从句，表示“给某人带来……”可用短语offer… to sb.，根据主句中is可知，从句时态也采用一般现在时，主语Kate为第三人称单数，主谓保持一致，即What Kate offers to her fans。故填What Kate offers to her fans。
16. What amazed us
【解析】考查主语从句和时态。分析句子可知，“让我们吃惊的”是主语从句，从句主语用连接代词what引导，表示“……的事”，谓语“让……惊奇”用动词amaze表示，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，谓语动词应用过去式amazed；宾语“我们”用宾格代词us，句首单词首字母大写。故填What amazed us。
17. devote our time to our study
【解析】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处为“把我们的时间用于学习”，表达为动词短语devote our time to our study，空前为情态动词should，应接动词原形。故填：devote our time to our study。
18. We have no alternative but to fire
【解析】考查时态。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，“我们”we，“除了做某事别无选择”使用固定短语have no alternative but to do sth.，主语是we，谓语动词应用原形形式，“解雇”fire。故填①We，②have，③no，④alternative，⑤but，⑥to，⑦fire。
19. What I want to tell you is
【解析】考查时态和从句。根据中英文提示，空处为“我想告诉你的是”，可用主语从句，根据句意和下文的respect可知，句子用一般现在时，“我想告诉你的”译为what I want to tell you，主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填What I want to tell you is。
20. what I used to get
【解析】考查宾语从句。根据汉语提示可知，空格处缺少“原来的作业”的表达，as后接宾语从句，used to“过去常常”，get“得到”，用what引导宾语从句，做get的宾语，用what I used to get”表示过去得到的作业。故填 (1). what    (2). I    (3). used    (4). to    (5). get。
21. escape from reality
【解析】考查动词短语和名词。根据汉语提示，“逃避……”可用短语escape from，try to do sth.，所以空格处填escape from。“现实”可翻译为名词reality，作介词from的宾语，且表达“现实”含义时是不可数名词。故填escape from reality。
22. will generate
【解析】考查时态和动词。根据句意可知，动作发生在将来，所以时态用一般将来时。表示“产生”用动词generate，结合时态，所以空处填will generate，故填 will generate。
23. What impressed me most
【解析】考查主语从句和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“给我印象最深”，用what引导的主语从句，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“给某人印象最深”是impress sb. most，因此空格处是What impressed me most，故填What，impressed，me，most。
24. there is still a long way to find a suitable solution
【解析】考查there be句型。根据句意，空处应填“要找到一个合适的解决方案仍然有很长的路要走”，使用there be句型，表示“有”，“仍然”使用still，“一段很长的路”a long way，“找到一个合适的解决方案”译为find a suitable solution，名词way后接不定式短语作后置定语，根据句中puts可知，句子使用一般现在时，a long way是单数，所以be动词使用is。故填there is still a long way to find a suitable solution。
25. that the old grandfather passed away
【解析】考查同位语从句。“老爷爷去世”用来解释说明名词news的内容，应用同位语从句，“老爷爷”为the old grandfather，“去世”为动词短语pass away，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，从句不缺少任何成分，应用无任何意义，只起连接作用的that引导同位语从句，故填that the old grandfather passed away。
26. What upset me
【解析】考查时态、主语从句和动词。根据句意可知，句子为主语从句，应用“what”引导从句，在从句中作主语，指事物，没有选择范围，“upset”意为“使心烦意乱”，动词词性，根据句中“was”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“upset”的过去式为“upset”，作谓语，“me”为人称代词宾格，意为“我”，作宾语，句首单词首字母大写，“What upset me”表示“让我心烦的”。故填What upset me。
27. had no alternative but to give in
【解析】考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示，空处为“别无选择只能交出”，have no alternative but to do...“除了做某事别无选择”，give in“交上”，根据句意和前文的had可知，句子用一般过去时，故填had no alternative but to give in。
28. depending on the depth of
【解析】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。depend on依赖；依靠；取决于；随……而定； the depth of……的深度。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Burns与depend on之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。根据句意，故填depending on the depth of。
29. are made up of
【解析】考查时态。根据句意，空处应填“由……组成”，应用短语be made up of，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语Amazon’s stores是复数，be动词应用are。故填are made up of。
30. It is reported that
【解析】考查固定句型。固定句型It is reported that...“据报道……”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。根据从句时态可知，用一般现在时。故填It is reported that。
31. in turn
【解析】考查固定短语。表示“轮流”短语为in turn。故填in turn。
32. is comprised of
【解析】考查动词短语及时态。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语be comprised of“由……组成”，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填①is；②comprised；③of。
33. It’s no secret that
【解析】考查固定句式和主语从句。根据所给出的汉语句子和英文句子可知，设空处对应“这不算什么秘密”，应是用固定句式“It’s no secret that…”表达，其中，“It”为形式主语，“that”引导后文作主语从句，置于句末。故填It’s no secret that。
34. what the problem itself is
【解析】考查主语从句和时态。根据中英文提示，空处缺少“问题本身是什么”作主语，分析句子可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语用从句，what“什么”，从句中作表语，主语the problem itself“问题本身”，根据句意可知，用一般现在时，结合主谓一致，从句用陈述语气，故填what the problem itself is。
35. What role he will play
【解析】考查主语从句。表示“扮演角色”用play a role，句子表述将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。同时，句子使用what引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语。该空置于句首，开头单词大写。故填What role he will play。
36. welcomed them as to fight
【解析】考查时态和不定式。根据中文提示和句子分析可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，表示“喜欢把它们作为”应用短语welcomed them as，这里时态为一般过去时；表示“防治”应用动词fight，且这里结构为a way to do sth表“做某事的方法或手段”，所以这里应填不定式to fight。故填welcomed them as；to fight。
37. Why he gave up
【解析】考查主语从句。引导主语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故用why；主语为he；表示“放弃”短语为give up，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填Why he gave up。
38. an alternative plan
【解析】考查形容词和名词。用形容词alternative表示“可供替代的”，“方案”使用名词plan，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，alternative是以元音音素开头，不定冠词应用an。故填an alternative plan。
39. What impresses people
【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处考查what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语，空格置于句首，首字母要大写，即What； 由汉语提示“印象最深的是”可知，从句谓语动词是impress，表示“给…留下深刻印象；使钦佩”；该句子描述一般事实，所以时态为一般现在时，所以空处填What；impresses；people。故答案为What；impresses；people。
40. What impresses is
【解析】考查时态和主语从句。分析句子结构可知，句子是主系表结构，“他给人们印象最深的”是主语，“他不断实现梦想的能力”为表语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。主语是句子，写成主语从句，“给人留下印象”用动词impress，主语从句缺少主语，应用what来引导，表示“……的东西”，what作主语看成第三人称单数，所以impress应用三单形式impresses，what位于句首，首字母大写。“his ability to fulfill his dream.”是名词短语作表语，所以第二空应填be动词，主语从句作主语，看成第三人称单数，应用is，故填①What impresses②is。
三、
41. It’s generally acknowledged/It’s widely acknowledged
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：人们普遍认为他是无辜的。It’s generally/widely acknowledged that...普遍认为……，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。根据汉语提示及句意，故填It’s generally/widely acknowledged。
42. is made up of/is composed of/consists of make up
【解析】考查短语。句意：足球队由11名队员组成，而排球队可由6名队员组成。be made up of/be composed of/consist of由……组成，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语A football team为单数形式，所以谓语动词用单数。make up组成，根据前面的情态动词can可知用动词原形。故填is made up of/is composed of/consists of；make up。
43. where he was born
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他出生的地方。根据句子分析可知，this为主语，is为系动词，后跟表语从句。根据汉语提示“他出生的地方”，可用where引导表语从句，后跟完整的句子。出生这个动作发生的过去，故从句用一般过去时。故填where he was born。
【点睛】
44. in spite of the fact that/despite the fact that
【解析】考查介词，名词，连词和短语。句意：尽管事实上他的父母不同意，他还是已经决定了他自己的公司开张的日子。表示“尽管”应用介词短语in spite of或者介词despite；表示“事实”应用名词“fact”。根据句子结构“his parents don't agree with him”可知，这是“事实”的内容，所以这句话应该是“事实”后的同位语从句，所以需要连词that引导。故填in spite of the fact that/despite the fact that。
45. It is believed that
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：据认为，世界上没有哪个地方能像故宫博物院那样给我们留下如此深刻的印象。表示“据认为”应用固定句型It is believed that…，it句中作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，根据句意用一般现在时。故填It is believed that。
46. devoted yourself to
【解析】考查时态和固定短语。句意：我们坚信，你所付出的努力一定能得到回报。分析句子可知，believe后接宾语从句，宾语从句为现在完成时，主语为you, 根据汉语提示，谓语为devoted yourself to 。devote oneself to 为固定短语。故填devoted yourself to。
47. making it easy
【解析】考查现在分词、形式宾语和形容词。分析句子结构，_______ _______ _______for children to remember作结果状语，“这本书”和“使得”之间是主动关系，用现在分词；在分词作状语结构中，不定式to remember是真正的宾语，前面需要使用形式宾语it，用形容词easy作宾补，所以填making it easy。
48. varieties of/a variety of
【解析】考查短语。句意：学生应该参加各种各样的社区活动。varieties of/a variety of许多的；各种各样的。故填varieties of/a variety of。
49. especially nutritious
【解析】考查形容词和副词。句意：生菠菜营养价值尤其高。“营养价值”用形容词“nutritious”，作句子的表语“尤其”为副词especially，作状语，修饰形容词，“营养价值尤其高”译为“especially nutritious”，故答案为especially nutritious。
50. Given that
【解析】考查条件状语从句，Given that引导条件状语从句，表示“考虑到”，故填Given that。
51. without which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的电脑昨天坏了，没有它我就不能上网。分析句子可知，空后面的句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词computer，但从句缺少的是状语，应借助介词组成短语修饰整个句子，应用介词加which的形式引导从句，再根据汉语提示，故填without which。
52. Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city
【解析】考查固定搭配，时态，原因状语从句和介词短语。句意：既然我的祖父母都已经从城市的工作中退休了，他们将如何度过退休生活对他们来说是一个重要的决定。结合汉语提示可知“既然”用now that引导原因状语从句，结合汉语中的“已经”可知句子时态是现在完成时，主语“我的祖父母”用both of my grandparents，助动词使用have，“已经从……中退休了”可以说成have retired from，宾语“城市的工作”是 their jobs in the city。故填Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city。
53. From this experience, I learned that
【解析】考查时态，动词短语、名词和宾语从句的连接词。陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态；动词短语“从……中了解到……”可表达为learn...from...；设空处后接句子，为谓语动词learn的宾语从句，从句前可加连接词that；名词”经历”表达为experience。结合其他汉语提示，故填：From this experience, I learned that。
54. estimate
【解析】考查名词；句意：我们只能粗略估计一下需要多少燃料。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用名词作make的宾语，估计，名词形式为estimate，意为“估计”，故答案为estimate。
55. is worth it
【解析】考查固定结构。句意：我知道在我们的日常生活中，对COVID-19采取强硬措施是值得的，尽管看起来很不方便。根据句意以及汉语提示，空处应用固定结构be worth it，表示“值得”，分析句子结构，动词know后接宾语从句，从句中it是形式主语，不定式结构是真正的主语，句中出现seems，表示句子使用一般现在时，且空前主语是it，故系动词使用is。故填is worth it。
56. Urban
【解析】考查形容词。句意：城市的发展导致了广大农村地区的毁灭。根据汉意提示可知，应为形容词urban作定语，修饰名词development；句首单词首字母大写。故填Urban。
57. virtual reality
【解析】考查名词短语。句意：这些新信息可能有助于创造更好的虚拟现实。表示“虚拟现实”为名词短语virtual reality作宾语，形容词virtual作定语修饰名词，此处reality为不可数名词。故填virtual reality。
58. In turn
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：气候的变化也使地球变暖。相应地，地球的温暖也改变了气候。根据汉语提示“相应地”可知短语为in turn，句首单词首字母要大写。故填In turn。
59. Who will pick him up
【解析】考查主语从句、动词短语及时态。句意：谁将去接他还没有确定。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处是主语从句，应使用who引导；句子描述的是将来的事情，应使用一般将来时；动词短语pick up sb.“接某人”。故填Who will pick him up。
60. To tackle this crisis
【解析】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：为了应对这场危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。tackle the crisis应对危机。句中用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”。根据汉语提示及句意，故填To tackle this crisis。
61. attained independence
【解析】考查时态。经过长期斗争，印度于1947年获得独立。根据时间状语19
7，应用一般过去时，再根据中文提示，故填attained independence。
62. It is important that
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：每个人都应该学会在新环境中与他人和睦相处，这是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为it作形式主语，主语从句作真正的主语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以此处应使用that引导主语从句作真正主语，根据句意可知，此处描述的为客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，所以表示“重要的是”应为it is important that，因位于句首，所以it首字母需大写。故填It is important that。
63. It is decided that
【解析】考查主语从句、it作形式主语和时态语态。句意：会议被推迟到下星期一已经被定下来了。“the meeting has been put off until next Monday”是一个完整的句子，结合汉语提示可知用it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，句子陈述现在的事实，用一般现在时，“决定”用decide，it与decide之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填It is decided that。
64. deep down
【解析】考查副词短语，句意：他有那么多朋友，但在内心深处，他害怕孤独。“在内心深处”表达为副词短语deep down，作状语。故填：①deep；②down。
65. in addition to
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：除了修理费外，还要收邮费和包装费。根据提示的汉语可知，表示“除……之外还有”应为in addition to符合句意。故填in addition to。
66. had no alternative but
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：那名罪犯别无选择，只好告知他犯罪的真相。句子叙述的是过去的情况，应该用一般过去时；根据所给汉语意思，此处是短语have no alternative but to do …；have是不规则动词，过去式为had。故填had no alternative but。
67. made an assumption
【解析】考查短语和时态。句意：我推测该嫌疑人可能住在大学附近。表达“推测”可用make an assumption that...，that引导同位语动词，结合语境判断此处用一般过去时。故填made an assumption。
68. give the beer a distinctive/characteristic taste and smell
【解析】考查时态和定语从句。句意：Β-酸是精油，作为风味化合物，使啤酒具有独特的味道和气味，回味略带酸味。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beta acids，由主句are可知，句子应用一般现在时，关系词that在从句中作主语，“给”为动词give，主语that指代Beta acids，为复数，动词give应用原形，且give其后面加双宾语，“特有的”为形容词distinctive/characteristic，“味道”为名词taste，“气味”为名词smell，“啤酒”为名词beer，“给了啤酒一种特有的味道和气味”翻译为give the beer a distinctive/characteristic taste and smell，故填give the beer a distinctive/characteristic taste and smell。
69. in turn
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我不会因为任何人决定在周末聚会而责骂他们，相应地，我也不会期望任何人因为我关注自己的健康而冒犯我。表示“相应地”应用短语in turn，在句中作状语。故填in turn。
70. Given his age
【解析】考查词汇用法。句意：考虑到他的年龄，他是非常健康和强壮的。根据汉语提示可知，此处考查given作介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，his age“他的年龄”，故填Given his age。
四、
71. for 72. to make 73. varieties 74. was convinced 75. famed/famous 76. opened 77. as 78. laughter/laughing 79. more delighted 80. so
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了列奥纳多·达·芬奇自制翅膀尝试飞行的故事。
71. 考查介词。句意：这个人就是研究鸟类飞翔多年的列奥纳多·达·芬奇。后跟many years，为一段时间，表示“多年”应用介词for。故填for。
72. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他决定为自己做一对翅膀，就像鸟的翅膀一样。表示“决定做某事”短语为decide to do sth.。故填to make。
73. 考查固定短语。句意：在一次又一次地研究了各种鸟类的飞行模式后，这个人确信是时候向大家展示他能飞了。短语varieties of表示“各种”。故填varieties。
74. 考查固定搭配和时态。句意：在一次又一次地研究了各种鸟类的飞行模式后，这个人确信是时候向大家展示他能飞了。表示“确信”句型为be convinced that，动作发生在过去故用一般过去时，主语为he，谓语用单数。故填was convinced。
75. 考查形容词。句意：一天下午，列奥纳多·达·芬奇走上市中心那座著名的高塔。修饰名词tower应用形容词famed/famous(著名的)，作定语。故填famed/famous。
76. 考查时态。句意：然后，他站在一扇窗户的边缘，张开翅膀，从塔楼上俯冲下来。此处作并列谓语，结合上文stood可知为一般过去时。故填opened。
77. 考查定语从句。句意：经过几次尝试，正如许多人所预料的那样，他飞了很长一段距离，最终安全降落在河的另一边。引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”应用as（指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作宾语）。故填as。
78. 考查固定搭配。句意：每个看到成功场面的人都笑了起来。结合句意表示“(突然)笑了起来”短语为burst into laughter/laughing。故填laughter/laughing。
79. 考查比较级。句意：城里所有的人都对这个人的飞行感到无比高兴。此处为否定词+比较级，相当于最高级含义，delighted的比较级在前面加more。故填more delighted。
80. 考查固定句型。句意：国王非常兴奋，他甚至慷慨地给了这个人一千枚金币作为奖励。表示“如此……以至于……”应用固定句型so…that…。故填so。