【英语思想方法系列】阅读提分法3招 小学五年级英语上册 （最新PEP版）
展开小学五年级上册英语思想方法分册
——阅读提分法
第1招 “三步法”解细节理解题
一、题型解读
“细节理解题是指原文中提到了某信息，题干针对原文中的相关信息进行设题，此类题主要考查学生对阅读内容的理解及分析能力。
“细节理解题”可分为直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题，直接细节理解题的题干是直接针对原文具体叙述本身进行设题，问题的答案一般在原文中能直接找到。间接细节理解题一般不能直接在原文中找到问题的答案，而是需要借助同义词转换、概念分析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息（单词、词组或者一个、几个句子）进行适当变化，最后找到问题的答案。
细节理解题的命题形式一般有以下几种：
(1)用what/where/when/who/which/,why/how等提问的题型。
(2)是非判断题。即根据原文判断某种说法或句子的正误。
(3)根据原文中的某一个信息或某一句的内容设题，题干一般以挖空的形式呈现，做题方式包括选择或填空。
二、方法指导
细节理解题可用“三步法”解题，即通过画、找、定三个步骤找到问题的答案。
第一步 画。在题千中画出关键词。即画出题干中的主语及相关的活动、时间或地点位置等关键词。
第二步 找。回原文中找到与题干中关键词对应的句子。直接细节理解题一般根据题干中的关键词可在原文中找到相应的句子，间接细节理解题可通过题干中关键词的同义词转换、概念分析、归纳事实等在原文中找到相应的句子。
第三步 定。根据原文中对应的句子确定问题的答案。
例1：I am Amy.I am from the UK.I live in China now.I have some new teachers here.Mr Chen is my art teacher.He is funny.My Chinese teacher is Mrs Li.She is very kind.But sometimes she is strict.Do you know my English teacher?He is my father.He's tall.My new teachers are all nice.I like China ve ry much.
（ ）What's Mr Chen like?
A.He is strict. B.He is funny C.He is tall.
▶解题技巧
第一步 画。画出题干中的关键词Mr Chen。
第二步 找。根据题干中的关键词回到原文去寻找相关的句子，并画出句子：“Mr Chen is my art teacher..He is funny.”。
第三步 定。将所给句子与原文中画出的句子进行对比，可以看出Mr Chen是幽默的，所以此题答案为B。
(答案：B)
【跟踪练1】Today is Tuesday..It's Teachers' Day.Look,they are my teachers!They are Mr Smith,Miss Green and Miss White.Mr Smith is a new teacher.He teaches us maths.He is very funny and strong.He can do some kung fu.We all like him very much.Miss Green is our art teacher.She often goes to the park to draw pictures on the weekend.She is very kind.Sometimes she is strict.Miss White is our English teacher.She is very smart.She can play the pipa.She can draw well,too.They are all nice.I like all my teachers.
阅读短文，选择正确答案。
（ ）1.Who is our new maths teacher?
A.Miss Green. B.Miss White. C.Mr Smith
（ ）2.What's Miss White like?
A.She is smart. B.She is kind. C.She is funny
（ ）3.What can Mr Smith do?
A.He can draw well.
B.He can do some kung fu.
C.He can play the pipa.
（ ）4.often goes to the park to draw pictures on the weekend.
A.Mr Smith B.Miss White C.Miss Green
例2：Dear Robin,My name is Tom.I am an English boy.I want to be your friend!I am friendly and funny.I can speak English,but I can't speak Chinese.Can you help me?I can play basketball.I can play foo.I can play ping-Pong,to.We can play ping-pong together.I can't do any kung fu,but I can swim.
yours,
Tom
Tom can't or .
▶解题技巧
第一步 画。画出题千中的关键词can't。
第二步 找。根据题干中的关键词can't回到原文中寻找相关的句子，并画出句子：“but I can't speak Chinese”和“I can't do any kung fu"。
第三步定。将画出的句子中的短语填入句中。故此题答案是：speak Chinese和do any kung fu。(答案：speak Chinese;do any kung fu)
【跟踪练2】I'm Wu Binbin.I'm11 years old.I'm a good student at school.I can speak English well,sing English songs,dance and play basketball.I'm also a good child at home.I can help my mother cook the meals and wash the clothes.My sister is eight years old.She can play the piano and draw cartoons.But she can't cook.My brother can do some kung fu.But he can't play the piano.
根据短文内容完成表格。
| can | can't | |
Wu Binbin | at school
| speak English,1.
| / |
at home
| 2. ，wash the clothes | ||
Wu Binbin＇s sister | play the piano,draw cartoons | 3. | |
Wu Binbin＇s brother | 4. | 5. | |
例3：Look at the building over there.This is our school.There are about 45 rooms in it.The boys are on the first and second floors.The girls are on the third and fourth floors.There are four beds in each(每一，各个)room.Two desks and three chairs are in the room.Many books are on the desks.There are three lights in each room.We are very happy.We like our teachers and school.
（ ）How many floors are there in the building?
A.There are two. B.There are four. C.There are five.
▶解题技巧
第一步 画。画出题干中的关键词。首先画出题干中的关键词：How many floors。“How many floors'”意为“多少层”。
第二步 找。根据题干中的关键词How many floors回到原文中寻找相关的句子，并画出句子：“The boys are on the first and second floors..”和“The girls are on the third and fourth floors."
第三步 定。理解画线句子的意思并做出选择，画线句子意思是“男孩子们在一楼和二楼，女孩子们在三楼和四楼”，由此推断出建筑物有四层。故此题选B。
(答案：B)
【跟踪练2】This is my bedroom.It's not big.In my bedroom,you can see a beautiful bed and a table.The table is beside the bed.There are two books on the table.The pencil box is under the books.The picture is above the bed.There are photos everywhere.I love my bedroom very much.Oh,no!I see a mouse behind my computer!
根据短文内容选择正确答案。
（ ）1.My bedroom is .
A.small B.big C.not small
（ ）2.The table is the bed.
A.behind B.near C.beside
（ ）3.The picture is the bed.
A.above B.in front of C.on
（ ）4.There in my bedroom.
A.is a photo B.are photos C.isn't a photo
（ ）5.There is a mouse my computer.
A.beside B.behind C.near
例4：I'm Mary.I'm in No.2 Primary School.My school is big and beautiful.There are some tall buildings in the middle of our school.There is a big playground in front of the buildings.There are many trees and flowers near the playground.There are many teachers in our school.They are kind.My new English teacher is Miss Zhou.She is young and funny.I like my teachers.I like my school.The playground is in the middle of the school.
▶解题技巧
第一步 画。画出题千中的关键词。首先画出题千中的关键词：The playground。
第二步 找。根据题干中的关键词The playground回到原文中寻找相关的句子，并画出句子：“There is a big playground in front of the buildings.”。根据buildings再画出句子：“There are some tall buildings in the middle of our school.”。
第三步 定。将所给句子与原文中画出的句子进行对比，可以确定学校中间是一些高的建筑物，操场在建筑物的前面，并不是操场在学校中间。故此题错误。 (答案：F)
【跟踪练4】There is a big nature park in our city..There are many animals in it.Ablue lake is in the middle of the nature park.you can see many fish in it.They 're swimming.There is a beautiful forest around the lake.Many birds are flying in the sky.The green grass is under the forest.There is an elephant,five pandas,four baby tigers and six monkeys on the grass.They're playing on it.Are there any kangaroos?yes,there are.But they're jumping on the path near the lake.They want to drink water.This is the nature park of our city.Do you like it?
根据短文内容判断句子正(T)误(F)。
( )1.There is a beautiful forest in the lake
( )2.The green grass is under the forest.
( )3.A blue lake is in front of the nature park.
( )4.Many birds are flying in the sky.
( )5.There are five tigers on the grass.
例5：My name is Chen Jie.I'm a girl.My favourite day is Tuesday.
Becausewe have PE and Chinese on Tuesdays.I like Chinesevery much.Miss Li is myChinese teacher.She is kind and funny.My favourite food is salad.It's healthy and delicious.On Sundays I often do homework and play ping-pong.Sometimes I visit (my grandparents on weekends.My grandparents' house is in the village.It's small but very nice.In front of the house,there is a river.There is a bridge over the river.Behind the house,there is a pear tree and an orange tree.I can eat sweet pears and oranges.
阅读短文，回答问题。
What does Chen Jie have on Tuesdays?
▶解题技巧
第一步 画。画出题干中的关键词Tuesdays。
第二步 找。根据题干中的关键词回到原文去寻找相关的句子，并画出句子：“My favourite day is Tuesday.Because we have PE and Chinese on Tuesdays."
第三步 定。根据原文中相关句子可得出答案：“She has PE and Chinese on Tuesdays..”,注意此问句问的是Chen Jie,主语要用She。
(答案：She has PE and Chinese on Tuesdays.)
【跟踪练5】Hello!My name is Tom I like Thursdays.We have English and music that day.I like English very much.Miss White is our English teacher.She is young and kind.My favourite food is beef,chicken and potatoes.I'm very helpful.I can do housework at home.Today is Saturday.I often read books,do my homework and watch TV on aturdays.What do you often do on the weekend?My home is near aiver.You can see two bridges over it.There are some mountains behind my house.There is a garden in front of my house.Welcome to my home.
阅读短文，回答问题。
1.What's Miss White like?
2.What's Tom's favourite food?
3.Is Tom helpful at home?
第2招 “代入翻译法”解词义猜测题
一、题型解读
““词义猜测题”是指通过阅读短文，并结合上下文猜测某一个单词或词组的词义的题型，此类题的题干中一般有标志词means（意思是)，meaning(意思，意义)等。
二、方法指导
“代入翻译法”即将所给选项一一代入到原文中进行翻译，最后选出能串联上下文意思的词义。
例6：Food is so important to us.It makes us strong and healthy.Many peoplelike fruit and vegetables because (they are tasty and healthy.But many women don't eat meat.They only eat vegetables,such as cabbage,eggplant and so on.Many kids don't like vegetables.They like meat.They eat pork,beef and mutton.Meat is helpful,but too much meat is bad for our health.So remember, food is not single.Eat many kinds of it.
( )The underlined word "single"means
A.多样的 B.单一的 C.复杂的
▶解题技巧
第一步 翻译含有single的句子，即“So remember,food is not single.Eat many kinds ofit”。所以请记住：食物不能 。要吃多种食物。
第二步 把题目中所给的三个选项一一代入到此句中翻译，可得知是食物不能单一，要 多样。所以此题选B。
(答案：B)
【跟踪练1】HelIo,,T'm Lucy..My sister is Lily..We are helpful at home..I can help my mother clean the room.Lily can help my grandpa water the flowers.I can do the dishes.And she can set the table before dinner.I can wash my clothes.And she can help my grandpa cook eggs.Do you like us?
( )In the passage,"set the table"mean" ".
A.擦桌子 B.修理桌子 C,摆餐具
第3招 “首尾寻找法”解最佳标题题
一、题型解读
“最佳标题题”是指给短文选择一个最能体现其阅读主题的标题的题型，此类题的题干中一般有标志词“best title'”(最好的标题)。
二、方法指导
“首尾寻找法”即首先画出原文的开头句和结尾句，然后将题目中所给的选项一一与开头句和结尾句进行对比，找到最符合原文标题的选项。
例7： This is Peter's bedroom.It's big and nice.It's bright(明亮的)and clean.There is a desk and a chair in his room.The desk is near the window.His bag and pencil box are on the desk.There are some markers(记号笔)，a pen,a long ruler and a pencil sharpener (in the pencil box.Peter's bed is near the desk.His shoes are under the bed.Peter likes his room very much.
( )The best title of this passage should be
A.Peter's Pencil Box
B.Peter's Bedroom
C.Peter's Bed
▶解题技巧
第-步 画出短文中的开头句"This is Peter's bedroom."和结尾句"Peter likes his room very much."。
第二步 将所给选项与首尾句一一对比即可确定短文的最佳标题是Peter's Bedroom。故此题选B。
(答案：B)
【跟踪练7】I like my village.There are many mountains near my village.There is a river in front of my village.The village is very beautiful in spring.The mountains come green.There are many trees and flowers.The flowers are colourful.There are many ducks in the clean river.Many fish swim happily in the river.But I like summer.It's not hot.It's very cool.Do you like my village?Welcome to my village.
( )The best title of this passage should be
A.Many Ducks and Fish
B.I Like Summer
C.My Village
参考答案
【跟踪练1】
1.C点拨：根据题千中的关键词new maths teacher可在原文找到相关句子“Mr Smith is a new teacher.He teaches us maths..”。将找到的句子与所给选项对比可知答案选C。
2.A
3.B
4.C点拨：根据题干中的关键词goes to the park可在原文找到相关句子“Miss Green is our art teacher.She often goes to the park to
draw pictures on the weekend.”。将找到的句子与所给选项对比可知答案选C。
【跟踪练2】
1.sing English songs, dance and play basketball
2.cook the meals
3.cook
4.do some kung fu
5.play the piano
【跟踪练3】
1.A点拨：根据题干中的关键词My bedroom可在原文找到相关句子“This is my bedroom.It's not big.”。将找到的句子与所给选项对比可知答案选A。
2.C
3.A点拨：根据题千中的关键词picture和the bed可在原文找到相关句子“The picture is above the bed.”。将找到的句子与所给选项对比可知答案选A。
4.B
5.B
【跟踪练4】
1.F点拨：根据题千中的关键词forest和lake可在原文找到相关句子“There is a beautiful forest around the lake.”。将原文中找到的句子与所给句子对比可知答案是F。
2.T
3.F
4.T点拨：根据题干中的关键词birds可在原文找到相关句子“Many birds are flyingin the sky.”。将原文中找到的句子与所给句子对比可知答案是T。
5.F
【跟踪练5】
1.She is young and kind,
2.Beef,chicken and potatoes.
3.Yes,he is.
【跟踪练6】 C
【跟踪练7】 C 点拨：根据短文中第一句“I like my village,.”和结尾句“Welcome to my village.”可知答案选C。
