高中Unit 3 Environmental Protection综合训练题

这是一份高中Unit 3 Environmental Protection综合训练题，共10页。

课时评价作业(十)
Reading and Thinking (2)
[基础测评]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Chinese culture is fueling international fashion trends(trend).
2. People in that country are dying of starvation(starve) because of the plague of locusts(蝗灾).
3. Firefighters took two hours to release(release) the driver from the wreckage(残骸).
4. Restrictions(restrict) on trade were lifted.
5. Some researchers believe that there is little doubt that a cure for that new disease will be found.
6. Sustainable(sustain) development is the common target of human beings.
7. People frequently(frequent) use sunflowers as symbols of strength.
8. The interview was broadcast/broadcast(broadcast) all over the world yesterday.  
9. The government now hopes to seize(seize) the initiative on education.  
10. A contemporary ecologist(ecology) once said: Man lives on Earth as a guest of green plants.
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词填空
1. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
2. Dandelions release their seeds into the air, making them flying with wind.
3. So far the virus has resulted in the death of tens of thousands of people.
4. According to studies, prices are affected by supply and demand.
5. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1. the animals. In 2013, the whole world 2. (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature,3. (probable), the polar bear died from lack of food.
What is causing the increase? Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect, 4. includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 5. big problem. People produce huge amounts of greenhouse gases, 6. (leave) more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in natural
7. (disaster).
Climate scientists warn actions should be taken. Otherwise there will be a 8. (high) price to pay. Governments should take measures
9. (reduce) green-house gas emissions and individuals can also make a 10. (different) by reducing the carbon dioxide they produce.
1. 解析:have an impact on/upon为固定搭配,表示“对……有影响”。故填on。
答案:on
2. 解析:本句时间状语为In 2013,故用一般过去时;the whole world与shock之间为被动关系(整个世界被震惊),故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数,故填was shocked。
答案:was shocked
3. 解析:设空处后面句子主干成分完整,故设空处用副词probably作状语,表示“北极熊可能死于缺少食物”。故填probably。
答案:probably
4. 解析:设空处所在句意为:气候科学家认为它是温室效应,包括自然的和人为制造的温室效应。由句意可知,设空处应指温室效应。设空处无提示词,且前面只有逗号,没有连词,故设空处应引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,故填which。
答案:which
5. 解析:本句说明人为制造的温室效应已经变成了一个大问题。空格处修饰problem,表示泛指。big以辅音音素开头。故填a。
答案:a
6. 解析:空格处所在句已有谓语(produce),且空格前没有连词,故设空处应填非谓语动词。设空处上文意为:人们制造出大量的温室气体,下文(使更多的热能被困在大气层)是上文所描述情况的结果,所以用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填leaving。
答案:leaving
7. 解析:空格处陈述的自然灾害显然不止一种,用名词的复数形式。故填disasters。
答案:disasters
8. 解析:这里含有比较的意味,即采取措施要付出的代价与不采取措施要付出的代价对比,很明显,不采取措施要付出的代价更高,故填形容词的比较级higher。
答案:higher
9. 解析:take measures to do sth为固定搭配,意为“采取措施做某事”。故填to reduce。
答案:to reduce
10. 解析:make a difference为固定搭配,意为“有影响;有作用”。故填difference。
答案:difference
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
The Antarctic’s snow-white environment is going green and facing other unexpected threats.
Scientists say that as temperatures go up in the polar areas, invading(入侵) plants and insects, including the flies, cause a major threat.
More and more of these invaders, in the form of larvae(幼虫) or seeds, are surviving in coastal areas around the South Pole, where the temperature has risen by almost 3℃ over the past five decades. Glaciers have melted, exposing more land which has been occupied by mosses that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before—providing potential green homes for invaders.
“The common houseflies are a perfect example of the problem the Antarctic now faces from invading species,” said Dominic Hodgson of the British Antarctic Survey. “They arrive by ship, where they exist in kitchens. They now have an increasing chance of surviving in the Antarctic as it warms up, and that is a worry. Insects like the houseflies carry bacteria that could have a deadly effect on native life forms.”
The Antarctic has several native species of insects. Together with its native mosses, these are now under increased threat from three major sources: visiting scientists, increasing number of tourists and global warming. However, it is global warming that is the main driver of the “greening” of the Antarctic.
In the 2015-2016 travel season, more than 38,000 tourists visited the Antarctic. “These tourists are often very careful about not leaving waste. But they could carry seeds or larvae on their boots when they set foot on the Antarctic,” said Dominic.
More and more invading insects and plants have been found on the Antarctic and have required removal. “The insects and plants that are native to the Antarctic have survived there for thousands of years,” said Dominic. “We have to act now if we want to save the environment.”
1. What does the underlined word “mosses” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Houseflies. 　　
B. Coastal areas.
C. A kind of plants.
D. A kind of animals.
解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Glaciers have melted, exposing more land which has been occupied by mosses that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before—providing potential green homes for invaders.” 可知,画线词指的是一种植物,故选C。
答案:C
2. What do we know about the houseflies in the Antarctic?
A. They are native to the Antarctic.
B. They will die out because of the freezing weather.
C. They come to the Antarctic from nearby islands on their own.
D. They could severely influence the native species of the Antarctic.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,南极地区的家蝇所携带的细菌会严重影响当地的物种。故选D。
答案:D
3. What is the main cause of the Antarctic going green?
A. The arrival of scientists.
B. The increasing number of visitors.
C. The rapid spread of native plants.
D. The rising temperature around the world.
解析:细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,南极地区变绿的主要原因是全球气候变暖。故选D。
答案:D
B
Sea turtles are one of several species that have temperature-dependent sex determination. The number of female babies increases when nests are made in warmer sands.
A recent study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, The California State University and World Wildlife Fund for Nature Australia examined two genetically distinct populations of green sea turtles living in the Great Barrier Reef. The study found that a group of about 200,000 turtles living in the northern part of the reef was almost entirely female.
While the southern population was 65 to 69 percent female, females in the northern group accounted for 99.1 percent of young turtles and 86.8 percent of adults.
After combining their results with temperature data, the scientists in charge of the study found that the northern green turtles have been producing mainly females for more than two decades and that the complete feminization(雌性化) of this population is possible in the near future.
The temperature at which the turtles will produce male or female babies can be passed on to the turtles’ children. Most sea turtle populations are now producing offspring above the most suitable temperature, making it clear that climate change causes a serious threat to the survival of these populations.
The chief executive of World Wildlife Fund Australia, Dermot O’Gorman, said this is another sign of the impact of climate change, following recent research that shows that coral bleaching(珊瑚白化) events are occurring far more frequently than in the past.
“We’ve had two years where we’ve had mass bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef,” he told Guardian Australia. “That’s a very visible sign of the impact of climate change. But this is a quiet change. We can’t see the impact it’s having on a turtle population until a study like this shows some long-term trends.”
The lead author of the paper, Dr Michael Jensen, said the findings represent a major environmental conservation issue.
O’Gorman said more urgent action on climate change is clearly needed, adding that some conservationists have already taken practical measures, such as using shade cloth on turtle nesting beaches to lower the sand temperature, and reducing bycatch(误捕) in the fishing industry.
“Shade cloth can be used in certain places, but there’s a limit to the scale you can do that,” he said. “Now every large male who can reproduce is going to be even more important.”
4. What do we know according to the research on Great Barrier Reef’s green sea turtles?
A. About 65 to 69 percent of northern turtles are female.
B. 86.8 percent of southern turtles have grown up to adults.
C. The feminization of green sea turtles could become worse.
D. Adult green sea turtles can change their sex in warmer places.
解析:细节理解题。由第四段可知,北部的绿海龟在近20年的时间里孵化的后代一直以雌性为主,而且,在不久的将来,这个种群可能会完全雌性化。说明雌性化现象会更为糟糕。故选C。
答案:C
5. Why did O’Gorman mention coral bleaching?
A. To suggest that climate change poses more risks to coral than turtles.
B. To compare the living environments of turtles and coral.
C. To urge people to take practical measures to fight climate change.
D. To stress this discovery about green sea turtles is very valuable.
解析:推理判断题。由第七段可知,珊瑚白化是看得见的气候变化的影响,而绿海龟性别的雌性化却不是那么明显可见,直到做了这项研究才注意到气候变化对它们的影响。用珊瑚白化来凸显对海龟的这一发现的重要性。故选D。
答案:D
6. What is the purpose of the conservationists’ action?　
A. To keep the sea turtles’ nests cool.
B. To stop the illegal fishing of green sea turtles. 　
C. To expand the size of the green sea turtles’ nesting places.
D. To build special nests for turtles to produce offspring.
解析:细节理解题。由倒数第二段中“such as using shade cloth on turtle nesting beaches to lower the sand temperature”可知,生态环境保护者们正采取措施给海龟巢降温。故选A。
答案:A
7. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. How Climate Change Affects Ocean Creatures
B. Invisible Change Caused by Global Warming Exposed
C. Necessity of Protecting Green Sea Turtles and Their Habitat
D. Global Green Sea Turtle Populations in Greater Danger　
解析:标题归纳题。整篇文章讲述了海龟巢的温度较高使得生活在澳大利亚大堡礁附近的绿海龟雌性化,并且这种变化不像珊瑚白化那样直接可见。故选B。
答案:B
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The
　1　 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the 　2　 of Kilimanjaro.  
Hearing these stories, I’m 　3　 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.  
However, I soon 　4　 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 　5　 among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 　6　 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 　7　.  
The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 　8　 as spiritual places by many cultures. This
　9　 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometres. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 metres, 　10　 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 　11　—low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 　12　 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 metres is the highland
　13　: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with 　14　 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.  
Does Kilimanjaro 　15　 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.  
1. A. stories B. buildings
C. crowds D. reporters
解析:人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。story故事;building建筑物;crowd人群;reporter记者。由“40,000 people”可知,这是一个庞大的人群。故选C。
答案:C
2. A. position B. age
C. face D. name
解析:冰川正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。position位置;age年龄;face外貌;name名字。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一,所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故选C。
答案:C
3. A. silent B. skeptical
C. serious D. crazy
解析:听到这些故事,“我”对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,想解开这个疑惑。silent 沉默的;skeptical怀疑的;serious严肃的;crazy疯狂的。be skeptical about“对……怀疑”,符合句意。故选B。
答案:B
4. A. discover B. argue
C. decide D. advocate
解析:然而,“我”很快发现,自从关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的那些令人不安的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。discover发现;argue争论;decide决定;advocate提倡。由“much has changed”可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故选A。
答案:A
5. A. equipment B. grass
C. camps D. stones
解析:equipment设备;grass草地;camp营地;stone石头。由下文“with toilets at camps”可知,此处应填camps。故选C。
答案:C
6. A. new B. special
C. significant D. necessary
解析:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知,很多登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失,这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。new新的;special特殊的;significant相当大的;necessary必要的。故选C。
答案:C
7. A. paying off B. spreading out
C. blowing up D. fading away
解析:由“but”可知,前后表示转折关系,说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。pay off还清,得到回报;spread out伸展;blow up爆炸;fade away逐渐消退。故选A。
答案:A
8. A. studied B. observed
C. explored D. regarded
解析:山被许多文化视为精神之地。study学习;observe观察;explore探索;regard认为。be regarded as“被视为……”,符合句意。故选D。
答案:D
9. A. view B. quality
C. reason D. purpose
解析:这里特指上句提到的“山被视为精神之地”这一观点。view观点;quality质量;reason原因;purpose目的。故选A。
答案:A
10. A. holding on to B. going back to
C. living up to D. giving way to
解析:热带雨林在海拔3 000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物。hold on to抓住;go back to回到;live up to履行;give way to向……让步。故选D。
答案:D
11. A. changes B. clears
C. improves D. permits
解析:再往上走,天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草地覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知,生态系统不同,天气也是不同的,是变化的。change改变;clear放晴;improve提高;permit允许。故选A。
答案:A
12. A. match B. imagine
C. count D. add
解析:“我”从站的地方数出了12种绿色。match匹配;imagine想象;
count数;add增加。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了12种绿色。故选C。
答案:C
13. A. village B. desert
C. road D. lake
解析:海拔4 000米以上是高山荒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。village村庄;desert荒漠;road公路;lake湖泊。由“gravel, stones and rocks”可知,海拔4 000米以上是高山荒漠。故选B。
答案:B
14. A. permanent B. little
C. fresh D. artificial
解析:由“arctic-like zone”可知,这是一个类似北极的地带,所以有永久的积雪。permanent永久的;little小的;fresh新鲜的;artificial人造的。故选A。
答案:A
15. A. enjoy B. deserve
C. save D. acquire
解析:乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山,挤满了游客,破坏了宁静的气氛,它应得这样的名声吗?这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被称为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。以此为后面的回答做好铺垫。enjoy享受;deserve应得;save挽救;acquire获得。故选B。
答案:B