【知识点汇总】高一英语 人教版（2019） 必修三 Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations

【知识点汇总】必修三 Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations【词汇短语】1. receive congratulations from ... (P2)收到来自……的祝贺congratulation  /kənˌɡrætʃuˈleɪʃən/  n. 祝贺；恭喜【搭配】Congratulations!  恭喜恭喜！（常用作祝贺语）Congratulations (to sb.) on sth.!  祝贺（某人）某事!offer / send one’s congratulations (to ... ) on sth.  因某事（向……）致以祝贺a letter of congratulation  贺信【例句】Friends send their congratulations to Tim because he has been admitted into Peking University.朋友们祝贺蒂姆，因为他被北京大学录取了。【拓展】congratulate  vt. 向（某人）道贺；（为成就或成功）感到自豪，引以为傲congratulate sb. on sth.  因某事向某人道贺  congratulate oneself on sth.  因某事感到自豪【例句】I congratulate myself on taking first place in the writing contest.我为自己在写作比赛中获得第一名而感到自豪。2. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit ... (P4)如今，在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅……decorate  /ˈdekəreɪt/  vt. 装饰；装潢【搭配】decorate ... with ...  用……装饰……be decorated with ...  被……装饰，装饰着……【例句】I will decorate my room with stars, so that sleeping in it will feel like flying in the night sky.我要用星星来装饰我的房间，这样睡在里面会像是在夜空飞翔。【拓展】decorate  vt. & vi.  粉刷，油漆decoration  n. [U] 装饰，装潢；[C, usually pl.] 装饰品decorative  adj. 装饰性的 【例句】I went to a shop with my sister and bought some decorations to decorate our house. That decorative mirror was what I loved most.我和我姐姐去了一家商店买了一些装饰品来装饰我们的房子。那面装饰镜是我最喜欢的。3. Customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. (P4)风俗在节日中扮演重要角色，但有时也随时间而变化。significant  /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/  adj. 有重大意义的；显著的【例句】Please inform us if there are any significant changes in your plans.你们的计划如果有任何重大变动，请通知我们。【拓展】significance  n. [U, C] 重要性，意义 significantly  adv. 显著地，明显地be of great / much significance  重要的，有重大意义的be of no / little significance  无关紧要的 have great / no significance (for ...)  （对……）很重要/不重要attach (great) significance to ...（非常）重视……【例句】The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance.他们在会上提出的建议无关紧要。The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.这种新药对于这种疾病的治疗有重大意义。The Chinese government attaches great significance to the issue of climate change.中国政府非常重视气候变化问题。4. Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. (P5)节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动（进行促销）。take advantage of  利用；欺骗；占……的便宜【例句】I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.我将利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。David took advantage of my trust, taking more than I had intended to give.大卫利用了我的信任，拿走的比我想要给的还多。【拓展】disadvantage  n. [U，C] 不利因素，障碍，不便之处have the advantage of ...  具有……的有利条件        take full advantage of  充分利用5. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. (P5)节日是让我们放松心情、享受生活、暂时忘却工作的时刻。occasion  /əˈkeɪʒən/  n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）；（适当的）机会【搭配】on occasion(s)  偶尔，有时，偶然（=sometimes）      on one occasion  有一次on this/that occasion  这次/那次     on the occasion of ...  在……之际【例句】The Mid-Autumn Festival is significant because it is a special occasion for family reunion.    中秋节之所以重要是因为它是阖家团聚的特殊时刻。I want to take advantage of the occasion to express my thanks for your help.我想借这个机会，对你们的帮助表示感谢。【拓展】（1）occasional  adj. 偶尔的，临时的      occasionally  adv. 偶尔，有时候      My daughter makes occasional visits to me on weekends and I, on occasions, treat her and her family to a big dinner at home, or occasionally in a restaurant.我的女儿周末偶尔来看我，有时我在家中招待她和她的家人吃一顿大餐，有时是在餐馆。（2）occasion表示“某次，……的时候”时，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，则应用关系副词when。She thought of that occasion when she got help from a stranger on the trip to Lijiang.她想起了那一次在去丽江的旅途中得到了一位陌生人的帮助。（3）occasion表示“场合，庆典”等抽象地点名词时，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，则应用关系副词where。This is not an occasion for laughter, where you must take things seriously.这不是大笑的场合，你必须严肃对待事情。6. It was great fun walking along the streets, enjoying the relaxing atmosphere! (P6)       走在街上，享受轻松的氛围，真是太有趣了！atmosphere  /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/  n. 气氛；氛围；（地球的）大气（层）【例句】Pale wooden floors and plenty of natural light add to the relaxed atmosphere.淡色木地板和充足的自然光增添了轻松的氛围。【注意】当atmosphere表示抽象地点并作先行词时，后接定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句要用where来引导。类似的词还有stage，situation，point等。The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.    这家公司的老板尽力创造一种轻松的氛围，在这种氛围中他的员工能享受他们的工作。7. But, to be frank, the fireworks going off throughout the night were really annoying. (P7)但是，说实话，整晚燃放的烟花声真的令人烦躁。go off  爆炸；走火；离开【例句】This robot is designed to take apart bombs that may go off.设计这种机器人就是用来拆除那些可能爆炸的炸弹的。My parents both retired and went off to lead an easy life in the countryside.我父母都退休了，去乡下过着安逸的生活。【拓展】（1）go off  （铃、警报等）响起I overslept this morning because my clock didn’t go off.今天早晨闹钟没有响，所以我睡过头了。（2）go off  （电灯）熄灭；（电）中断；停止运行The street lights go on when it gets dark and go off at midnight. 街灯在天黑时点亮，半夜熄灭。While I was cooking supper, the electricity suddenly went off. 我正在做晚饭，突然间停电了。（3）go off  （食物、饮料）变质You’d better put the fish in the fridge, or it soon goes off in this hot weather. 你最好把鱼放在冰箱里，否则天气这么热，它很快就会变质。
【语法知识】一、“with+宾语+现在分词”结构Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. (P5)节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动（进行促销）。【句式剖析】画线部分属于“with+宾语+现在分词”结构，此结构在句中作状语。【考点提炼】“with+宾语+现在分词”结构为with复合结构的一种形式，其中宾语可由名词或代词充当，现在分词表示主动或动作正在进行。with复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。The English class ended with all singing an English song.英语课以全体合唱一首英语歌结束。（all和sing之间是逻辑上的主谓关系）【归纳拓展】with复合结构的其他形式：（1）with+宾语+形容词/副词The nurse had difficulty walking fast with so heavy protective clothing on.穿着这么重的防护服，这个护士很难走快。In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。（2）with+宾语+介词短语Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets.站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。（3）with+宾语+过去分词（表示被动或动作已完成，宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系）With his hair cut, he looked much younger.由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。（4）with+宾语+动词不定式（通常用主动形式表示被动含义，表示动作将要发生）She knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed.她知道，有他帮助她，她能够而且一定会成功。二、-ing形式作表语和作定语-ing形式作表语（1）动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。My full-time job is teaching English, which means I make a living by teaching.我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。（2）动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的性质、特征和状态，意为“令人……的”。动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。The news was so exciting that we were excited at the news.这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。-ing形式作定语（1）位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。（2）形式：动词-ing形式作定语（以do为例）有doing、形容词化的doing和being done三种形式。具体用法如下：1）主动形式doing：①do与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；表示正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作。如：a flying bird  一只飞鸟       boiling water  沸水Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.    昨晚，数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式的现场直播。②表示被修饰词的用途或属性。如：a reading room ( = a room for reading)  阅览室a living room ( =a room for living)  起居室，客厅2）形容词化的doing：表示被修饰词的特征、性质，意为“令人……的”。形容词化的动词-ed形式作定语，常意为“感到……的”。如：an exciting story  今人兴奋的故事 an excited voice  兴奋的声音a puzzling question  令人困惑的问题 a puzzled expression  困惑的表情3）被动形式being done：do与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；表示正在进行的被动动作。The house being built here belongs to John.这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。（3）扩展成从句：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father. = The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。