2024年数学高考大一轮复习第九章 §9.14　圆锥曲线中探索性与综合性问题

§9.14　圆锥曲线中探索性与综合性问题

题型一　探索性问题

例1 (2023·南通模拟)已知双曲线C：－＝1(a>0，b>0)的离心率为2，且过点.

(1)求双曲线C的标准方程；

(2)设Q为双曲线C右支第一象限上的一个动点，F为双曲线C的右焦点，在x轴的负半轴上是否存在定点M使得∠QFM＝2∠QMF？若存在，求出点M的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由．

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思维升华 存在性问题的解题策略

存在性的问题，先假设存在，推证满足条件的结论，若结论正确则存在，若结论不正确则不存在．

(1)当条件和结论不唯一时，要分类讨论．

(2)当给出结论而要推导出存在的条件时，先假设成立，再推出条件．

(3)当要讨论的量能够确定时，可先确定，再证明结论符合题意．

跟踪训练1 (2022·淄博模拟)已知抛物线C：x2＝2py(p>0)的焦点为F，点M(2，m)在抛物线C上，且|MF|＝2.

(1)求实数m的值及抛物线C的标准方程；

(2)不过点M的直线l与抛物线C相交于A，B两点，若直线MA，MB的斜率之积为－2，试判断直线l能否与圆(x－2)2＋(y－m)2＝80相切？若能，求此时直线l的方程；若不能，请说明理由．

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题型二　圆锥曲线的综合问题

例2 (2023·福州模拟)如图，O为坐标原点，抛物线C1：y2＝2px(p>0)的焦点是椭圆C2：＋＝1(a>b>0)的右焦点，A为椭圆C2的右顶点，椭圆C2的长轴长为|AB|＝8，离心率e＝.

(1)求抛物线C1和椭圆C2的方程；

(2)过A点作直线l交C1于C，D两点，射线OC，OD分别交C2于E，F两点，记△OEF和△OCD的面积分别为S1和S2，问是否存在直线l，使得S1∶S2＝3∶13？若存在，求出直线l的方程；若不存在，请说明理由．

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思维升华 圆与圆锥曲线综合问题中，圆大多数是以工具的形式出现，解决此类问题的关键是掌握圆的一些常用性质．如：圆的半径r，弦长的一半h，弦心距d满足r2＝h2＋d2；圆的弦的垂直平分线过圆心；若AB是圆的直径，则圆上任一点P有·＝0.

跟踪训练2　如图，过抛物线E：y2＝2px(p>0)焦点F的直线l交抛物线于点A，B，|AB|的最小值为4，直线x＝－4分别交直线AO，BO于点C，D(O为原点)．

(1)求抛物线E的方程；

(2)圆M过点C，D，交x轴于点G(t,0)，H(m,0)，证明：若t为定值时，m也为定值．并求t＝－8时，△ABH面积S的最小值．

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