湖南省炎德名校2023-2024学年高三英语上学期第二次月考试题（Word版附解析）

2023-2024-1炎德名校联高三上第二次月考

英语

时量：120分钟  满分：150分

第一部分  听力（共两节，满分30分）略

第二部分  阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节  （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Nottingham Trent University (NTU) Foundation Courses for International Students

Are you an international student needing a preparation course for undergraduate study at NTU? View NTU Foundation courses offered through Nottingham Trent International College (NTIC) on our Nottingham City Campus.

Foundation courses

Through Nottingham Trent International College, we offer foundation courses to progress to the first year of undergraduate courses.

We offer these in the following subject areas:

art and design

business, law and social sciences

computing

media and communications

science and engineering

International Year One courses

We also offer International Year One courses to progress to the second year of undergraduate courses. If you’ve completed high school with good grades, you could choose an International Year One course.

We offer these in the following subject areas:

business

computing

Entry requirements

For the foundation courses, typical entry requirements are at least 11 years of education and UKVI IELTS 5.0.

For International Year One courses typical entry requirements are at least 12 years of education and UKVI 5.0.

If you do not meet the English language entry level but have at least UKVI IELTS 4.0 in all skills, you can do a course that includes extended English and skills (EES).

How to apply

If you’re interested in applying for a foundation course please contact NTIC.

If you would like to arrange a visit to NTIC and the University please contact NTIC student services.

1. Whom are the courses intended for?

A. College students in Britain. B. High school students in Britain.

C. College students from around the world. D. High school students from around the world.

2. How are International Year One courses different from foundation courses?

A. They are easier. B. They are more advanced.

C. They take longer time. D. They offer more subjects.

3. What does UKVI IELTS 5.0 probably show?

A. Your English level. B. Your educational level.

C. The course you choose. D. The start date for the course.

【答案】1. D    2. B    3. A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则诺丁汉特伦特大学国际学生的课程说明，介绍了课程的类型、入学要求以及申请方式等信息。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you an international student needing a preparation course for undergraduate study at NTU? View NTU Foundation courses offered through Nottingham Trent International College (NTIC) on our Nottingham City Campus.(你是一名需要在南洋理工大学学习本科预科课程的国际学生吗？查看诺丁汉特伦特国际学院（NTIC）在诺丁汉市校区提供的南洋理工大学基础课程)”以及“If you’ve completed high school with good grades, you could choose an International Year One course.(如果你高中毕业成绩好，你可以选择国际一年级课程)”可推知，这些课程是为来自世界各地的高中生开设的。故选D。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Foundation courses部分中“Through Nottingham Trent International College, we offer foundation courses to progress to the first year of undergraduate courses.(通过诺丁汉特伦特国际学院，我们提供基础课程，以进入本科课程的第一年)”以及International Year One courses部分中“We also offer International Year One courses to progress to the second year of undergraduate courses.(我们还提供国际第一年课程，以进入本科课程的第二年)”可知，国际一年级课程相比基础课程更高级。故选B。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据Entry requirements部分中“If you do not meet the English language entry level but have at least UKVI IELTS 4.0 in all skills, you can do a course that includes extended English and skills (EES).(如果您没有达到英语语言入学水平，但所有技能至少有UKVI雅思4.0，您可以参加包括扩展英语和技能（EES）在内的课程)”可知，UKVI雅思5.0表明了你的英语水平。故选A。

B

The captain hadn’t even turned off the “fasten your seat belt” light and Matthew Bahani was already having a rough time.

Matthew, a 9-year-old with autism(自闭症), was growing increasingly anxious even as his parents hugged and kissed him.

“He gets nervous and he can’t control himself. He gets loud. He makes noise. It isn’t easy,” said his father, Sam Bahani, 48. “You can’t imagine what he goes through. He can’t express himself.”

The Bahanis were among the ten families who participated in a program at Newark Liberty International Airport intended to help familiarize autistic children with air travel — a confusing, complex process that, with loud noises, uniformed screening agents and lines of passengers they don’t know, can be frightening to them.

The “Autism Explores” program — which takes participants through all aspects of the flying experience without leaving the ground — also helps parents, who often find themselves in the position of dealing with a difficult child, as well as with scare from other adults who may have no idea of the child’s particular difficulty.

“When you’re in a public situation and that happens, people are not always kind,” said Matthew’s mother, Jennifer Bahani, 42, who avoids even the shopping mall with Matthew.

Each aspect of the program, from check-in to baggage claim, related to the flying experience, except for the actual flying. While the pilot and other flight crew made the usual announcements about flying conditions or the weather on the ground, the plane never actually pulled back from the gate.

“It’s a beautiful day for flying. Sit back and enjoy the flight,” announced the pilot, Geoff Bender, whose 13-year-old daughter, Teresa, is also autistic.

“Normalizing activities like flying for children with autism is important in making sure they will lead as full and independent a life as possible,” he said.

4. How did Matthew feel on the plane?

A. Terrible. B. Bored. C. Puzzled. D. Uninterested.

5. What was the main purpose of the program for children with autism?

A. To help them get used to air travel.

B. To make them interested in air travel.

C. To encourage them to travel independently.

D. To let them experience air travel with their parents.

6. What does the underlined “that” in paragraph 6 refer to?

A. People scaring the child. B. People being unkind to the child.

C. People dealing with a difficult child. D. People not knowing the child is autistic.

7. What do we know about the plane?

A. It had just taken off. B. It was on the ground.

C. It was waiting for passengers. D. It would soon land at the airport.

【答案】4. A    5. A    6. D    7. B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以9岁的自闭症患者Matthew为例，介绍了一个自闭症儿童项目，其主要目的是帮助自闭症患者适应空中旅行。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Matthew, a 9-year-old with autism(自闭症), was growing increasingly anxious even as his parents hugged and kissed him.( Matthew，一个9岁的自闭症患者，即使他的父母拥抱和亲吻他，他也变得越来越焦虑)”以及第三段“He gets nervous and he can’t control himself. He gets loud. He makes noise.(他很紧张，控制不住自己。他变得很吵。他制造噪音)”可知，Matthew在飞机上感到很糟糕。故选A。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段“The Bahanis were among the ten families who participated in a program at Newark Liberty International Airport intended to help familiarize autistic children with air travel — a confusing, complex process that, with loud noises, uniformed screening agents and lines of passengers they don’t know, can be frightening to them.(巴哈尼一家是参加纽瓦克自由国际机场一个项目的十个家庭之一，该项目旨在帮助自闭症儿童熟悉航空旅行——这是一个令人困惑、复杂的过程，嘈杂的噪音、穿制服的安检人员和他们不认识的乘客排队，可能会让他们感到害怕)”可知，自闭症儿童项目的主要目的是帮助他们适应空中旅行。故选A。

【6题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第五段中“with scare from other adults who may have no idea of the child’s particular difficulty”以及划线词后文“people are not always kind”可知，成年人因为不知道孩子患有自闭症而害怕，所以当你在公共场合，人们不知道孩子患有自闭症时，人们并不总是友好的。故that指的是“人们不知道孩子患有自闭症”。故选D。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段“The “Autism Explores” program — which takes participants through all aspects of the flying experience without leaving the ground — also helps parents, who often find themselves in the position of dealing with a difficult child, as well as with scare from other adults who may have no idea of the child’s particular difficulty.(“自闭症探索”项目——让参与者在不离开地面的情况下体验飞行的方方面面——也帮助了父母，他们经常发现自己处于与难相处的孩子打交道的位置，以及来自其他可能不知道孩子特殊困难的成年人的恐惧)”以及倒数第三段“Each aspect of the program, from check-in to baggage claim, related to the flying experience, except for the actual flying.(程序的每一个方面，从办理登机手续到领取行李，都与飞行体验有关，除了实际飞行)”可知，飞机在地面上。故选B。

C

At Sho Farm in northern Vermont, farmers Melissa Hoffman and Shawn Smith work hand in hand with the land and its inhabitants, and among them are hundreds of ducks. The ducks at Sho Farm are not being raised to be killed for food. Rather, they are naturally involved in farming operations, helping to manage pests and add fertilizer (肥料) to the soil.

In the beginning, Hoffman, who has a background in organic farming and ecology action, worked with ecologists and biologists to survey the plants and wildlife all around the area. This was “to understand who was living here, so that everything we did was in relationship to the life already here,” he says.

So, at Sho Farm, focus is placed on living harmoniously alongside other life and working with traditional ecological knowledge. Food is seen not as a commodity (商品) but as a relationship with land and life.

The methods of food production at Sho Farm, as well as the farmers’ philosophy of working with rather than against nature, are in sharp contrast to most modern agricultural systems. And that’s the point. “We’ve been talking a lot about the broken food system and the consequences of it to the environment, to wildlife, to the animals in animal agriculture and to human health,” says Hoffman, adding that it’s not just the food system that’s broken. “It’s the relationship between humans, non-human animals, land and nature.”

The ducks play a vital, integrated role on the farm, explains Hoffman, by naturally providing pest control, fertilizer and (fuel-free) land maintenance (维护), just as by-products of their existence. “We noticed where we summered groups of ducks and parts of the food system that were not doing very well. The following year, the food system was efficiently improved,” he says.

It’s a symbiotic relationship that works well. “Animals don’t have to be part of a farm in a commodity sense. They can be part of the farm as a partner,” Hoffman says. “They are wonderful partners.”

8. Why did Hoffman do a survey in the beginning?

A. To get familiar with the surroundings.

B. To have a good relationship with other people.

C. To live in harmony with other life on the farm.

D. To have a good understanding of organic farming.

9. What does the author intend to explain in paragraph 4?

A. The causes of the broken food system.

B. The reasons for Hoffman’s farming methods.

C. The changes in modern agricultural systems.

D. The process of food production at Sho Farm.

10. What does “a symbiotic relationship” in the last paragraph imply?

A. Animals are treated well at Sho Farm.

B. Animals are not to be sold for money.

C. People and animals play the same role in organic farming.

D. People and animals work together and benefit each other.

11. Which of the following best describes the farming at Sho Farm?

A. Efficient. B. Modern. C. Natural. D. Economical.

【答案】8. C    9. B    10. D    11. C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在佛蒙特州北部的Sho Farm的一种农业经营方式，该农场里的鸭子自然地参与农业经营之中。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This was “to understand who was living here, so that everything we did was in relationship to the life already here,” he says.(他说，这是为了“了解谁住在这里，这样我们所做的一切都与已经在这里的生命有关。”)”可知，一开始Hoffman做调查的目的是了解谁住在这里，他们所做的一切与这里的生命相关，也就是说他们是为了与农场上的其他生命和谐相处。故选C项。

【9题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第四段的“The methods of food production at Sho Farm, as well as the farmers’ philosophy of working with rather than against nature, are in sharp contrast to most modern agricultural systems. And that’s the point. “We’ve been talking a lot about the broken food system and the consequences of it to the environment, to wildlife, to the animals in animal agriculture and to human health,” says Hoffman, adding that it’s not just the food system that’s broken. “It’s the relationship between humans, non-human animals, land and nature.”(Sho Farm的食品生产方法，以及农民们顺应自然而非违背自然的理念，与大多数现代农业体系形成鲜明对比。这就是问题的关键。霍夫曼说:“我们一直在谈论破碎的食物系统，以及它对环境、野生动物、畜牧业动物和人类健康的影响。”他补充说，不仅仅是食物系统出了问题。“这是人类、非人类动物、土地和自然之间的关系。”)”可知，Sho Farm的食品生产方法与现代的农业体系形成对比，这就是问题的关键，结合下文中所讲述的现代的农业体系中存在的问题可知，本段主要是分析了霍夫曼耕作方法的原因。故选B项。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据尾段中的““Animals don’t have to be part of a farm in a commodity sense. They can be part of the farm as a partner,” Hoffman says. “They are wonderful partners.”(“从商品的角度来看，动物不一定是农场的一部分。他们可以作为合作伙伴成为农场的一部分，”霍夫曼说。“他们是很好的合作伙伴。”)” 霍夫曼认为，动物可以作为合作伙伴成为农场的一部分，也就是说人类可以与动物一起合作，互惠互利，这就是共生的意义。故选D项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据首段中的“The ducks at Sho Farm are not being raised to be killed for food. Rather, they are naturally involved in farming operations, helping to manage pests and add fertilizer (肥料) to the soil.( Sho Farm的鸭子并不是为了宰杀而饲养的。相反，它们自然地参与农业经营，帮助管理害虫和向土壤施肥。)”可知，鸭子参与到农业经营中，帮助管理害虫和向土壤施肥，结合倒数第二段中的“The ducks play a vital, integrated role on the farm, explains Hoffman, by naturally providing pest control, fertilizer and (fuel-free) land maintenance (维护), just as by-products of their existence.(霍夫曼解释说，鸭子在农场中发挥着至关重要的综合作用，它们自然地提供了害虫防治、肥料和(无燃料)土地维护，就像它们存在的副产品一样。)”可知，鸭子在Sho Farm上起着至关重要的作用，他们自然地提供了害虫防治、废料和土地维护，由此可知，“自然的”可以描述在Sho Farm上的农业经营。故选C项。

D

Social scientists have long understood that when people are smart and skilled, they’re likely to gain trust. To appear more capable — and therefore more trustworthy — many people tend to boast (吹嘘), according to another longstanding theory that researchers call impression management. But a new paper suggests that the common method people use to gain trust could have the opposite effect.

“If you consider yourself a highly capable individual, have a good education, are successful in life, then don’t talk too proudly about it when presenting yourself to others or managing impressions about what you can do,” said Martin Reimann, the paper’s lead author. “It can backfire, and people might become distrusting.”

“Since impression management is so widespread we wondered how it impacts the well-known effect of ability on trust,” Reimann said.

To answer the question, the researchers designed seven online experiments concerning participants’ trust. In one experiment, for example, participants shopped for a TV in an online marketplace, similar to Amazon, with third-party vendors (销售商). Customer reviews with star ratings told participants how capable or competent vendors were, and each vendor’s ad either did or did not include a boastful statement of self-promotion.

Designing seven studies, Reimann said, allowed the researchers to reach more people and explore a range of variables that might affect someone’s willingness to trust. There were more than 106,000 participants across all seven studies.

The experiments showed that participants were more likely, unsurprisingly, to trust people or companies that appeared more capable. But every study also showed that highly capable people or companies were viewed as less trustworthy if they also boastfully promoted themselves.

“We see trust as a central concept that holds together society,” Reimann added. “If we don’t trust each other, then a lot of processes could come to a standstill. It’s important to understand what it is in the first place that leads people to trust each other, and how we can encourage that at different levels of society. That’s what we want to further uncover.”

12. According to the text, what do many people do by impression management?

A. Make themselves seem more important. B. Remind others that boasting will lose trust.

C. Show what their impression of someone is. D. Prove that they have become more capable.

13. Which of the following in the experiment was connected with boasting?

A. A TV. B. Participants. C. Vendors. D. Customer reviews.

14. What will the researchers’ future study focus on?

A. The bad effects of boasting. B. People’s views on boasting.

C. Promotion of trust among people. D. Different levels of trust in society.

15. What is the main idea of the text?

A. People need to be able to trust each other. B. Boasting could make people trust you less.

C. People’s trust depends on how honest you are. D. Being good at your job helps you to gain trust.

【答案】12 A    13. C    14. C    15. B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，人们用来获得信任的常用方法可能会产生相反的效果。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据首段中的“To appear more capable — and therefore more trustworthy — many people tend to boast (吹嘘), according to another longstanding theory that researchers call impression management.(根据另一个研究人员称之为印象管理的长期理论，为了显得更有能力——从而更值得信赖——许多人倾向于自夸。)”可知，通过印象管理，人们是为了让自己显得更有能力，从而更值得信赖，由此可知，人们通过印象管理是使自己看起来更重要。故选A项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Customer reviews with star ratings told participants how capable or competent vendors were, and each vendor’s ad either did or did not include a boastful statement of self-promotion.(带有星级的顾客评论告诉参与者销售商的能力或能力如何，每个销售商的广告要么包含或不包含自我推销的吹嘘声明。)”可知，在实验中，每个销售商的广告中有的包含自我推销的吹嘘声明，有的不包含自我推销的吹嘘声明，所以，与吹嘘有关系的应该是销售商。故选C项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据尾段中的“If we don’t trust each other, then a lot of processes could come to a standstill. It’s important to understand what it is in the first place that leads people to trust each other, and how we can encourage that at different levels of society. That’s what we want to further uncover.(如果我们不相互信任，那么很多进程可能会停滞不前。重要的是首先要了解是什么导致人们相互信任，以及我们如何在社会的不同层面鼓励这一点。这就是我们想要进一步揭示的。)”可知，Reimann认为，要想人们之间相互信任就要了解什么导致人们之间的相互信任，以及我们如何在不同层面鼓励人们之间的相互信任，这是他们要进一步揭示的内容，所以，接下来研究者们要研究的重点是增进人与人之间的相互信任。故选C项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据首段中的“To appear more capable — and therefore more trustworthy — many people tend to boast (吹嘘), according to another longstanding theory that researchers call impression management. But a new paper suggests that the common method people use to gain trust could have the opposite effect.(根据另一个研究人员称之为印象管理的长期理论，为了显得更有能力——从而更值得信赖——许多人倾向于自夸。但一篇新的论文表明，人们用来获得信任的常用方法可能会产生相反的效果。)”可知，研究发现有能力的人更值得信任，但是新的研究发现，通过自夸的方式去获得信任反而产生相反的效果，结合下文中对该研究的进一步介绍和分析可知，本文主要讲述的是自夸可能会使得人们对你的信任减少。故选B项。

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Writing is enjoyable and rewarding and it can be a hobby, a field of study, and even a career. ______16______ All it takes is a little creativity, some strong ideas, a command of your written language, and an understanding of how literature is typically structured. Follow the tips below, and soon you’ll be ready to put your work out there for the world to see.

______17______ Reading helps you develop a firm grasp on how stories are structured. When you read a book, you should split your attention between the actual events in the book and the way the author composed that piece of literature. By reading, you’re also studying how published authors use language in creative and inspiring ways and how a skilled writer handles a certain subject.

Journals are a writer’s best friend. ______18______ When you’re out in a bar, or riding public transportation, you will witness all kinds of fascinating displays of humanity. If you keep a detailed journal, it’s much easier to jump into writing during your writing time. You’ll have ideas, conversations you’ve overheard, or thoughts that struck you, and you may be able to turn those items into stories or poems.

If readers recognize the connection between your story and something from everyday life, they will be more likely to appreciate your story. ______19______ Newspapers, news magazines, or news websites can provide you with a steady stream of story ideas in the form of news events.

If you’ve been writing for a while, chances are good that you keep getting drawn back to a particular style or topic. Practicing a favorite type of writing is a great way to keep yourself motivated, but make an effort to vary your writing exercises once in a while. If your writing projects all sound similar, try a different style, or think of a topic that could never fit into your usual writing project. ______20______

A. Good writers are actually good readers.

B. No doubt anyone can be a creative writer.

C. They can help you better express yourself.

D. So always pay close attention to current events.

E. As you know, writing is different from reading.

F. You can use them as a place to gather your thoughts.

G. Taking on new challenges is vital for improvement in any field.

【答案】16. B    17. A    18. F    19. D    20. G

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是几种练习写作的建议，帮助读者写出好文章。

【16题详解】

根据空后的“All it takes is a little creativity, some strong ideas, a command of your written language, and an understanding of how literature is typically structured.(它所需要的只是一点创造力，一些强有力的想法，对书面语言的掌握，以及对文学作品典型结构的理解。)”讲述的是它所需要的是什么，其中的代词it指代的应为空处的内容，B选项“No doubt anyone can be a creative writer.”讲述的是每个人都可以成为有创造力的作家，可以为空后的it指代的内容，同时creative与空后的creativity为解题的关键信息。故选B项。

【17题详解】

根据上一段中的尾句“Follow the tips below, and soon you’ll be ready to put your work out there for the world to see.(遵循下面的建议，很快你就可以把你的作品展示给全世界了。)”可知，此空处应为写作的建议之一，结合空后的“Reading helps you develop a firm grasp on how stories are structured.(阅读可以帮助你牢牢把握故事的结构。)”可知，此处讲述的是阅读对写作的好处，所以该建议应与阅读相关，A选项“Good writers are actually good readers.(好的作家其实也是好的读者。)”与本段讲述的内容一致，且可以概括本段主题。故选A项。

【18题详解】

根据本段的主题句“Journals are a writer’s best friend.(日记是作家最好的朋友。)”可知，本段给写作的建议是写日记，F选项“You can use them as a place to gather your thoughts.(你可以把它们作为一个地方来收集你的想法。)”中的them为解题的关键信息，指代的为名词复数，与journals内容一致，也就是日记成为你收集想法的地方。故选F项。

【19题详解】

根据空前的主题句“If readers recognize the connection between your story and something from everyday life, they will be more likely to appreciate your story.(如果读者认识到你的故事和日常生活之间的联系，他们将更有可能欣赏你的故事。)”可知，如果写作的内容与日常生活有关系，读者将更可能欣赏你的故事，结合下文中的“Newspapers, news magazines, or news websites can provide you with a steady stream of story ideas in the form of news events.(报纸、新闻杂志或新闻网站可以以新闻事件的形式为你提供源源不断的故事灵感。)”可知，新闻报纸中的很多新闻事件可以成为你写故事的灵感，由此可知，此空处应为过渡句，D选项“So always pay close attention to current events.(所以要时刻关注时事。)”讲述的内容与空前的内容为因果关系，且current events与空后的news events内容相关。故选D项。

【20题详解】

根据空前的“If your writing projects all sound similar, try a different style, or think of a topic that could never fit into your usual writing project.(如果你的写作项目听起来都很相似，尝试不同的风格，或者考虑一个不适合你通常写作项目的主题。)”可知，此处建议尝试不同的风格，后者考虑写一个不是通常的写作主题，G选项“Taking on new challenges is vital for improvement in any field.(接受新的挑战对任何领域的进步都至关重要。)”中的new challenges与空前的“try a different style”以及“a topic that could never fit into your usual writing project”内容一致。故选G项。

第三部分  语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

You might say I found marathoning, step by step. Or perhaps it found me. I was ______21______ an athlete growing up. In fact, I have a hard time ______22______ that term to myself even today.

It started when I joined a group of women in my neighborhood for a daily three-mile walk. At first it was ______23______. But soon, my body adjusted and I wanted ______24______. Before long, I was running 5 miles. Then I set a goal to run a half marathon. And I did complete the Covered Bridges Half Marathon. I thought, “Now what?” I started to ______25______ a marathon.

It so happened that I ______26______ a meeting one night and listened to the speaker and coach, Rick Muhr, and was so ______27______ by his words. I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon, just a week away, and that I really didn’t believe I could ______28______. Rick locked eyes with me and said, “Trish, you’ve done enough training. You’ll finish!”

I never had someone ______29______ me like that, let alone a real, live coach. He gave me the ________30________ I needed. I set out to run my ________31________ marathon and completed it in 4:25:00. Little did I know that this would be the beginning of nearly a decade of marathon and distance running.

Running a marathon isn’t for everybody. But it is for anybody, anybody who wants to ________32________ the unreachable and to take that ________33________ into the rest of their life. When you cross the finish line you may never have a ________34________ picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing. Your ________35________ of the world and, more importantly, of yourself will forever be changed!

21. A. always B. rarely C. never D. nearly

22. A. pointing B. applying C. turning D. spreading

23. A. hard B. relaxing C. unfamiliar D. exciting

24. A. some B. both C. more D. none

25. A. report B. record C. recall D. consider

26. A. held B. missed C. attended D. mentioned

27. A. inspired B. disturbed C. embarrassed D. amused

28. A. participate B. finish C. win D. run

29. A. agree with B. rely on C. care for D. believe in

30. A. confidence B. pleasure C. satisfaction D. motivation

31. A. last B. first C. only D. second

32. A. test B. identify C. imagine D. reach

33. A. knowledge B. request C. principle D. experience

34. A. bigger B. brighter C. clearer D. nicer

35. A. view B. love C. description D. memory

【答案】21. C    22. B    23. A    24. C    25. D    26. C    27. A    28. B    29. D    30. A    31. B    32. D    33. D    34. C    35. A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢上马拉松的过程和这项运动的意义。

【21题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：我从小到大都不是运动员。A. always总是；B. rarely很少；C. never从不；D. nearly几乎。根据上文“You might say I found marathoning, step by step.”和下文“It started when I joined a group of women in my neighborhood for a daily three-mile walk.”可推知，作者成年后才接触马拉松，所以在之前的成长过程中，她并不喜欢运动，不算运动员。故选C项。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，即使在今天，我也很难把这个词用在自己身上。A. pointing指向；B. applying运用；C. turning转动；D. spreading传播。根据下文“that term to myself”可推知，作者觉得很难把“运动员”这一专有名词用在自己身上，apply sth. to sb.是固定短语，意为“把……运用于……”。故选B项。

【23题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始很难。A. hard困难的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据下文“But soon, my body adjusted”可知，一开始作者的身体没有适应，所以会觉得很难。故选A项。

【24题详解】

考查代词词义辨析。句意：但很快，我的身体适应了，我想要更多。A. some一些；B. both两者都；C. more更多；D. none一个也没有。根据上文“a daily three-mile walk”和下文“Before long, I was running 5 miles.”可知，作者由一开始的步行3英里转变到跑步5英里，说明在身体适应后，作者想要进行更多运动。故选C项。

【25题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始考虑马拉松。A. report报告；B. record记录；C. recall回忆；D. consider考虑。根据上文“Now what?”可推知，作者在完成了半程马拉松后开始寻找下一个目标，开始考虑全程的马拉松比赛。故选D项。

【26题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，我碰巧参加了一个会议，听了演讲者兼教练Rick Muhr的演讲，他的话让我深受鼓舞。A. held举行；B. missed错过；C. attended参加；D. mentioned提到。根据下文“a meeting one night and listened to the speaker and coach”可知，作者参加了一个会议，听了演讲。故选C项。

【27题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，我碰巧参加了一个会议，听了演讲者兼教练Rick Muhr的演讲，他的话让我深受鼓舞。A. inspired受鼓舞的；B. disturbed心神不安的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. amused愉快的。根据下文“I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon, just a week away, and that I really didn’t believe I could ______8______.”可推知，作者深受教练Rick Muhr的话的鼓舞，所有才想和他分享自己的担忧，希望得到鼓励。故选A项。

【28题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他，我已经报名参加了一周后的海洋州马拉松比赛，我真的不相信自己能跑完全程。A. participate参与；B. finish完成；C. win赢得；D. run奔跑。根据下文教练Rick Muhr鼓舞的话“Trish, you’ve done enough training. You’ll finish!”可推知，作者怕自己无法完成马拉松比赛。故选B项。

【29题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：从来没有人这么信任我，更不用说真正的教练了。A. agree with同意；B. rely on依赖；C. care for照顾；D. believe in相信。根据上文教练Rick Muhr的话“Trish, you’ve done enough training. You’ll finish!”可知，教练表达了对作者的信任。故选D项。

【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给了我所需要的信心。A. confidence信心；B. pleasure快乐；C. satisfaction满意；D. motivation动力。根据上文“I told him that I had signed up for the Ocean State Marathon, just a week away, and that I really didn’t believe I could ______8______.”可知，作者对完成马拉松没有信心，所以教练Rick Muhr的鼓励给了她信心。故选A项。

【31题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始跑我的第一次马拉松，并以4:25:00完成了它。A. last最后的；B. first第一的；C. only仅有的；D. second第二的。根据上文“And I did complete the Covered Bridges Half Marathon. I thought, “Now what?” I started to ______5______ a marathon.”可知，这是作者第一次跑全程马拉松。故选B项。

【32题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：但它适合任何人，任何想要达到不可企及的高点并将这种经历带入他们的余生的人。A. test测试；B. identify识别；C. imagine想象；D. reach到达。根据上文作者的经历可知，参加马拉松不是件容易的事情，结合句中“the unreachable (不可企及的高点)”可知，作者把完成马拉松比喻成到达不可企及的高点。故选D项。

【33题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它适合任何人，任何想要达到不可企及的高点并将这种经历带入他们的余生的人。A. knowledge知识，认识；B. request请求；C. principle原则，原理；D. experience经历，经验。作者讲完成马拉松相当于到达不可企及的高点，这是一种经历，一种可以铭记余生的经历。故选D项。

【34题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你冲过终点线时，你可能会对自己的素质和能力有最清晰的认识。A. bigger更大的；B. brighter更明亮的；C. clearer更清晰的；D. nicer更美好的。根据上文“who wants to _______12_______ the unreachable”可知，作者把完成马拉松比喻成到达不可企及的高点，结合句中“picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing”可推知，当冲过终点线时，你就突破了自己，会对自己有最清晰的认识。故选C项。

【35题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：你对世界的看法，更重要的是，你对自己的看法将永远改变！A. view观点；B. love爱；C. description描述；D. memory记忆。根据上文“When you cross the finish line you may never have a _______14_______ picture of what you are made of and capable of accomplishing.”可知，冲过马拉松的终点意味着突破极限，会对自己有最清晰的认识，所以对世界和自己的看法将永远改变。故选A项。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Possibly the most helpful and joy-bringing app I’ve added to my phone lately is Merlin, a free bird identification program ____36____ (create) by the Cornell University Lab of Ornithology.

There are many features the app offers, and my favorite is the birdsong listening feature, ____37____ you can turn on your phone’s microphone and hear recorded diverse birdsongs.

Hearing birdsong is a _____38_____ (remind) that we’re not alone in the great outdoors — or in life. Taking a walk outdoors, I never cease to be ____39____ (pleasant) surprised to encounter far more birds than I thought. I also enjoy hearing different calls show up as ____40____ same species, evidence that the birds are communicating with each other.

The sense of calm, well-being and pleasure that I feel when I’m hearing birdsong ____41____ (support) by research. One study looked at 26,000 individuals in 26 European countries and found remarkably ____42____ (high) life-satisfaction among those who lived near diverse bird habitats. A fascinating finding was that ____43____ (see) 10 percent more bird species generated similar satisfaction to comparable increase in income.

So, when you take a walk outdoors or go for a hike, _____44_____ (listen) for the birds that share your space. Perhaps you can be inspired by this Chinese proverb(谚语): “Keep a green tree in your heart, _____45_____ perhaps a singing bird will come.”

【答案】36. created   

37. where    38. reminder   

39. pleasantly   

40. the    41. is supported   

42. higher    43. seeing   

44. listen    45. and

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款免费的鸟类识别程序，介绍了其功能以及听鸟鸣的好处。

【36题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：最近我给手机安装的最有用、最能带来快乐的应用程序可能是Merlin，这是康奈尔大学鸟类学实验室开发的一款免费的鸟类识别程序。分析句子结构可知create与逻辑主语a free bird identification program构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填created。

【37题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：这款应用提供了许多功能，我最喜欢的是鸟鸣收听功能，你可以打开手机的麦克风，听到各种鸟鸣的录音。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the birdsong listening feature，在从句中作地点状语，故用where。故填where。

【38题详解】

考查名词。句意：听到鸟鸣提醒我们，在户外或生活中，我们并不孤单。作表语，结合不定冠词可知应用单数名词reminder。故填reminder。

【39题详解】

考查副词。句意：在户外散步时，我总是惊喜地发现，遇到的鸟比我想象的要多得多。修饰surprised应用副词pleasantly，故填pleasantly。

【40题详解】

考查冠词。句意：我也喜欢听到不同的叫声出现在同一物种中，这是鸟类相互交流的证据。表示“同一”短语为the same。故填the。

【41题详解】

考查时态语态。句意：当我听到鸟鸣时，我所感受到的平静、幸福和快乐的感觉是有研究支持的。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为The sense of calm, well-being and pleasure，谓语用单数。故填is supported。

【42题详解】

考查比较级。句意：一项研究调查了26个欧洲国家的2.6万人，发现住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人生活满意度明显更高。此处将住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人和没有住在各种鸟类栖息地附近的人相比较，high应用比较级形式。故填higher。

【43题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：一个有趣的发现是，看到多于10%的鸟类种类产生的满足感与收入的可比增长相似。作从句的主语，see应用动名词形式。故填seeing。

【44题详解】

考查动词。句意：所以，当你在户外散步或徒步旅行时，听听与你共享空间的鸟类的叫声。此处主句为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故填listen。

【45题详解】

考查连词。句意：也许你会受到这句中国谚语的启发：“心中有绿树，或有飞鸟鸣。”结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。

第四部分  写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

46. 假定你是李华，你市将有一场为外国留学生举办的有关中国文化的讲座。Susan是你的留学生朋友，请给她写一封邮件，告知该讲座的有关信息。内容包括：

1. 讲座的时间和地点；

2. 讲座的内容；

3. 建议她来听讲座并给出理由。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为80左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Susan,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Susan,

I’m writing to tell you that there will be a lecture for foreign students at 9 on Saturday morning in the lecture hall of the city library. The lecture is about Chinese culture. How would you like to go and attend it? As you know, Chinese culture is brilliant with a long history, and the lecture will help you to gain a better understanding of it and get along well with the people around you while living in China. I’m sure you will find it worth listening to.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生朋友Susan写一封信，告知她市里组织的一场为外国留学生举办的有关中国文化讲座的有关信息，内容包括讲座的时间、地点和内容，以及建议她来听讲座并给出理由。

【详解】1.词汇积累

告知：tell →inform

获得：gain →get

与……相处融洽：get along well with →get on well with

确信：sure →convinced

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：The lecture is about Chinese culture.

拓展句：The lecture is about Chinese culture, which I think you are interested in.

【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing to tell you that there will be a lecture for foreign students at 9 on Saturday morning in the lecture hall of the city library.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及there be句型）

【高分句型2】As you know, Chinese culture is brilliant with a long history, and the lecture will help you to gain a better understanding of it and get along well with the people around you while living in China.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和while状语从句的省略结构）

第二节（满分25分）

47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Passing Kindness On

Mrs. Brown was in the store with her little boy Jack, having just come from Urgent Care Center to get him some medicine for a virus. While Jack looked around in the store, she couldn’t wait to get him home to warm soup and a warm bed.

“Mommy look!” Jack said when they got close to the register. He pointed at a row of toy cars for sale. “Can I have one? Please?”

“No, Jack. You have plenty of cars,” said Mrs. Brown. “Besides, it’s very close to Christmas. Who knows what Santa will bring you?” Jack accepted his mother’s decision, but it didn’t help his mood. Now he was tired and disappointed.

When they got up to the counter, the lady at the register handed Jack one of the toy cars. “The woman in front of you in line bought this for you,” she said. “I chose the yellow one, but you can have any one you want.”

Jack looked so happy because it was the very thing he wanted. Mrs. Brown looked around for the mysterious (神秘的) benefactor, but she was long gone. “That was very nice of that lady,” she said. “Maybe we can also give an anonymous (匿名的) gift to someone else today.”

“Yes, we should!” Jack agreed. The unexpected kindness made him feel better than any medicine could. Immediately he thought of the little girl who was badly ill in Urgent Care Center. “Mommy, why not give the girl we saw in Urgent Care Center something nice to comfort her?” he suggested.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

“That sounds like a good idea,” said Mrs. Brown.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

When she woke up, the girl found the doll(玩具娃娃) beside her.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】范文

“That sounds like a good idea,” said Mrs. Brown. Jack nodded with his eyes twinkling with pleasure. “You can look around the store and choose something special for her,” said Mrs. Brown. Jack checked everywhere and finally picked up a gorgeous doll. He showed it to Mrs. Brown and said, “Mom, how about this one? It looks pretty and it can be a good company to the little girl. I am sure she will love it.” Mrs. Brown agreed and paid for it at the counter. Early next morning, they carefully placed the doll on the bedside table next to the little girl in Urgent Care Center.

When she woke up, the girl found the doll(玩具娃娃) beside her. The instant she saw the doll, the smile on her face shone like a diamond. She wondered whom it was from, and she noticed a note under the doll. She reached it and the note read, “Dear, hope you feel better soon. From anonymous kindness.” The girl’s heart was filled with warmth. And she made up her mind to pass the kindness on when she got better. The world would be a much better one with so many kindnesses.

【解析】

【导语】本文以故事情节为线索展开，讲述了布朗太太带杰克去商店买东西时，杰克想要一辆小汽车玩具而遭到了布朗太太的拒绝，最后到达柜台时，收银员递给杰克一辆他们前面的一位女士买的玩具汽车，这让杰克很高兴，所以，布朗太太也想给别人一份匿名礼物，最后，他们决定要给一位他们在急救中心看到的女孩买一些好东西来安慰她的故事。

【详解】1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容““听起来是个好主意，”布朗太太说。”可知，第一段可描写接下来他们做了些什么，给小女孩买的什么玩具，结合第二段的提示可知，此处应该买的是一个洋娃娃，而且要提到送到小女孩的身边。

②由第二段首句内容“当她醒来时，女孩发现洋娃娃在她身边。”可知，第二段可描写小女孩发现了洋娃娃后的反应，以及她接下来决定要做些什么，此处要与传递善良相关。

2.续写线索：同意买礼物——寻找礼物——决定送一个洋娃娃——放到女孩旁边——女孩的反应——传递善良

3词汇激活

行为类

①购买：pay for/buy/purchase

②放置：place/put/lay

③想知道：wonder/want to know

情绪类

①快乐：with pleasure/happily/delightedly/with joy

②确信：sure/convinced

【点睛】[高分句型1]. Jack nodded with his eyes twinkling with pleasure. （运用了with的复合结构作状语）

[高分句型2]. The instant she saw the doll, the smile on her face shone like a diamond.  （运用了the instant引导的时间状语从句）