02 2022年1月上海高考英语真题及答案解析（含听力mp3）

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上海 英语试卷
Listening Cmprehensin Sectin A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A By the shuttle bus B. By a friend's private car
C By the subway D. By a shared bike.
2、A. Academic prblems. B. The man's university tur
C. A Weekend travel plan D. The man's tur t a lake
3. A. The lady will g hiking next week
B. The lady tk her kitten t the clinic last week
C. The man cares abut the wman.
D. The man didn't g hiking last week.
4. A. He wants t travel t Shanghai.
B. He has fund a suitable jb.
C. He graduated last mnth.
D. His hmetwn may be Nantng
5. A. Silent B.Crazy C.Relieved. D. Depressed
6 A. He wants the huse t have a garage and a garden.
He just wants a space t sunbathe in his huse.
C.He wants t buy a villa.
D.He likes Eurpean style decratin
7 A. He is crazy abut reading
B. He likes the decratin style f the library
C. He is a knwledgeable cllege student
D. He is a librarian
8 A. She likes similar car mdels.
B. She prmised a refund within a week
C. She encuraged the man t buy the mdel car
D She has sld a lt f cars
9. A.He wants t leave the cmpany
B. He is the prject leader f the cmpany
C. He thinks their hard wrk will be wasted
D.He will annunce the prgress f the prject
10. A. His child came hme late and had n fd
B. He has spared sme fd fr his child.
C.The whle family waited the child came back fr dinner
D. He was very angry with his child's behavir.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw passages and passage r cnversatin, yu will be asked several questins will be read twice, but the questin will be spken nly ne the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage
11.A. Negative effects f eating t many snacks
B. The differences between snacks and meals.
C. Strategies f aviding eating t many snacks befre meals.
D. Healthy ways f having meals.
12. A Avid eating things between meals.
B. Eat as much fruit as pssible.
C. Eat fd like tast shrtly befre dinner t help with digestin.
D. Have a cup f ygurt in the afternn.
13.A. T cntrl the amunt f snacks yu eat
B. T make it healthier.
C. T help yu fcus n the main event
D. T help yu knw what exactly yu are eating
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14. A. 3,000 billin trees. B. 400 billin trees.
C.50 millin trees. D. 15 billin trees.
has always ranked first in the number f trees.
B.Trees wuld be gne in the future at current remval rate.
C.Peple will plant trees n the cultivated land.
D.It is impssible t calculate the ttal number f trees
16. A. T stp peple frm building huses endlessly.
B.T draw peple's attentin t the imprtance f trees.
C.T call n peple t prtect the hmes f wild animals.
D.T attract peple t study the grwth envirnment f trees
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17. A. Persnal travel plan. B. Travel
C. Party dress. D. Organizatin f wrk
18. A. Jerry will travel by high-speed rail
B. Jerry is Helen's cusin.
C. Jerry's parents live in Nanjing
D. Jerry is resting in his apartment nw
19. A. She knws the bss there
B. She bked the table a mnth earlier.
C. Her friend wrks in this restaurant
D. She has a nble status.
20. A. Ging fr a picnic in the frest park.
B. Resting in the apartment.
C. Ging t the Dming restaurant fr dinner.
D. Ging t Shanghai Museum
Grammar and Vcabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
The Lights f Aurra
On the night f 2 September1859, the dark sky ver Eurpe and Nrth America was suddenly full f light!The light did n cme frm the sun r the mn and it had a strange clur. The light mved acrss the sky, (21)___________( cme ) and ging, like cluds in a strng wind in the United States, a man in Bstn was using the telegraph t speak t a man in Prtand160kmaway They bth turned ff the electricity fr the telegraph, but (22)__________ culd still speak t each ther fr the next tw hurs. The electricity was cming frm the light in the sky. Hw was this pssible? And what was the light in the sky?
The light is called the aurra. Usually. yu can see it nly at the very nrth f the earth,(23)_______it is called aurra brealis r Nrtherm Lights, r at the very suth, where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights. But in 1859, smething happened in the sun-a very large strm-and it mved the aurra acrss the middle f the earth. We d nt think that his ever happened befre 1859, and we knw that it (24)________ (nt happen) since then.
Why des the aurra happen? And why can we nly see it at the tp r bttm f the earth The aurra is made by smething (25)__________(call) the ‘'slar wind’( wind frm the sun). We cannt see this wind, r tuch it. It is a wind f particles that travel away frm the sun at the time at abut 400 kilmeters a secnd. Mst f the particles never tuch the earth The earth has a kind f ‘wall’ arund it that defends it(26)________these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field,and it pushes the particles away n either side, But the earth's magnetic field has tw “windws” in it: the magnetic nrth, and the magnetic suth. At these places. the earth's magnetic field turns dwn int the earth. And sme f the particles frm the slar wind cme thrugh these magnetic ' windws'. These slar particles crash is t the particles tat are already in ur sky. And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines r cluds f light f the aurra.
Alaska is a gd place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurra brealis , and yu can als g t places like Iceland, Siberia , the nrth f Greenland , Nrway , Sweden, and Sctland T seethe aurra australis , g t the suth f Australia , Tasmania , r New Zealand.
Peple travel thusands f kilmeters t see the aurra , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________d see it say that they will never frget it.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Future Fashin: Bimetric Bdysuits
A team f the Applied Nan Biscience Center at Arizna State University has built prttypes(原型)f bimetric bdysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs t their(31)________, r even perfume scents if yur bdy temperature rises t much. The(32)________ versin f the Scentsry Chamelen Bdysuit incrprates fuel cells t prvide a lightweight surce f pwer fr the sldier's equipment. The civilian ne can mnitr yur heart r bld pressure, deliver interactive games r simply wrk as a wearable cmputer. Yu will even be able t dwnlad new clrs and patterns frm the Web t change yur appearance accrding t this article frm East Valley Tribune in Arizna. Bth versins shuld(33) ______the market within a few years.
Fredere Zenhausen, directr f the Applied Nan Biscience Center at ASU, has jined with Ghassan Jabbur, a prfessr at the University f Arizna, t develp tw prttypes f "Bimetric bdysuits" that cntain embedded sensrs, pwer surces, micrfluidic devices and ther gadgets nt nrmally assciated with the latest Paris fashins. Such "smart" clthing culd (34) __________future sldiers early waning f chemical attacks r autmatically deliver insulin t diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The bimetric bdysuit shws hw electrnics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incrprated int clthing t perfrm a wide range f (35) ______ tasks, frm highly functinal t the aesthetic " he said.
The civilian Chamelen will have smewhat different(36)____________. Its bimetric utfit demnstrates hw miniature electrnics culd be embedded in clthing t prmte health is made f clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics t shw the placement f varius electrnic and fuidic devices. In the future such an utfit culd diagnse diseases and deliver medicatins t the wearer, mnitr heart rate r bld pressure, deliver interactive games and ther frms f entertainment r(37) ___________as a wearable cmputer.
Anther pssibility wuld be t dwnlad different designs frm the Internet s the fabric culd change clrs ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if culd all be made t lk stylish by the (38)________f electrnics and high-fashin designs , he said. In fact, the cncept f embedding micrelectrnics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beynd clthing. Sheila Kennedy , an Bstn-based architect and visiting prfessr at the Harvard Universally Graduate Schl f Design , sees pssibilities t (40 )__________the technlgy in building design. As an example , she said windw shades cntaining rganic light emitting dides (二极管 ) culd prduce electricity frm sunlight that wuld help generate pwer.
Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext
Artificially sweetened diet drinks make n difference t weight gain and shuld nt be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden cunterparts, accrding t a team f experts, A review f research evidence cncludes there is nthing t supprt claims that sugar free versins f ppular sft drinks can help (4l) _______besity and related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Industry spnsred studies reprting"favurable"assciatins between diet drinks and weight lss may be biased, it claims.
There have been cncerns that diet drinks, knwn as artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), might lead peple t cnsume mre calries by(42) ________sweet flavur taste buds. The new study fund that evidence (43) _________the healthiness f ASBs was incnclusive with randmized cntrlled trials (RCTs) prducing mixed results. Senr investigatr Prfessr Christpher Millett said: "A cmmn perceptin, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have n sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight lss when used as a(n)(44)fr full sugar versins Hwever, we fund n slid evidence t supprt this
The researchers pinted ut that research supprted by fd r beverage cmpanies was mre likely t find n evidence f links between sugary drink (45) _________ and besity than nn-industry spnsred research. Similarly, ASB industry-spnsred research was "mre likely t reprt favurable results and (46) ________ regarding ASB effects n weight cntrl”
In many cases. researchers had failed t disclse (47) __________f interest relating t links with the fd industry. it was claimed. Cauthr Dr Marin Carlina Brges said: “The lack f slid evidence n the health effects f ASBs and the ptential influence f bias frm industry funded studies shuld be taken seriusly when discussing whether ASBs are (48) __________ alternatives t SSBs ( sugar-sweetened beverages)."
Leading British nutritinist Prfessr Susan Jebb said despite the mixed evidence, there was n reasn t believe that replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened (49)________ did any harm She said , “Fr peple seeking t manage their weight , tap water is (50)__________the best drink t chse , fr health and the envirnment , but far many peple wh are used t drinking sugary drinks, this will be l hard a change t (51)_________. Artificially sweetened drinks are a step in the ( 52 )__________ directin t cut calries." Dietitian Prfessr Tm Sanders, was als critical f the research, calling it “an pinin piece rather than a ( n )(53)___________review f the evidence”. He ( 54)____________ “The cnclusin that reduced sugar r sugar-free drinks shuld nt be prmted r seen as part f a healthy diet seems unwarranted and likely t add t public (55 )_____________.”
A. relieve B. ppse C. prevent D. bther
A. inserting B. stimulating C.enhancing D.securing
A. resulting frmB. referring t C.depending nD. relating t
A. SubstituteB.prpsalC.suspectD.implicatin
A. EfficiencyB.cnsumptinC.distributinD.mdernizatin
A. appintmentsB.instructinsC.perfrmancesD.cnclusins
47. A. threatsB. matters C. cnflictsD.appeals
48. A. adequateB.essentialC.availableD. deliberate
49. A initiativesB.alternatives C.bjectivesD.representatives
50. A. withut questinB. beynd descriptin
C. arund the crnerD. in cnsequence
51. A. settleB. rute C. mendD. make
A. wrngB. rightC. prperD. ppsite
53. A. demcraticB. autmaticC. systematicD. dramatic
54. A. transferredB. ranged C. accessedD. added
55. A. fascinatin B. ambitinC.cnfusinD. Islatin
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
If a single wrd can describe ur daily life during thse first three years, it is "scrunge"(讨要)Every waking mment we were cncentrating n hw the hell we wuld be able t save up enugh dugh(面团;钱)t d whatever it was we had t d. Usually it was just break even. And there's nthing rmantic abut it. either. Remember the famus stanza n Omar Khayyám? Yu knw,the bk f verses underneath the bugh, the laf f bread, the jug f wine and s frth? Substitute Sctt n Trusts fr that bk f verses and see hw this petic visin stacks up against my idyllic existence. Ah, paradise? N, bullshit. All I'd think abut is hw much that bk was (culd we get it secndhand?) and where, if anywhere, we might be able t charge that bread and wine. And then hw we might ultimately scrunge up the dugh t pay ff ur debts.
Life changes. Even the simplest decisin mast be scrutinized by the ever vigilant budget cmmittee f yur mind.
“Hey, Oliver, let's g see Becket tnight.”
“Listen, it's three bucks.”
“What d yu mean?”
“ I mean a buck fifty fr yu and a buck fifty fr me.”
“Des that mean yes r n?”
"Neither. It just means three bucks."
Our hneymn was spent n a yacht and with twenty-ne children.That is, I sailed a thirty-six-ft Rhdes frm seven in the mrning till whenever my passengers had enugh, and Jenny was a children's cunselr. It was a place called the Pequd Bat Club in Dennis Prt (nt far frm Hyannis) an establishment that included a large htel, a marina and several dzen huses fr rent. In ne f the tinier bungalws, I have nailed an imaginary plaque(匾牌): “Oliver and Jenny slept here.I think it's a tribute t us bth that after a lng day f being kind t ur custmers, fr we were largely dependent n their tips fr ur incme, Jenny and I were nnetheless kind t each ther. Is imply say "kind", because I lack the vcabulary t describe what lving and being lved by Jennifer Cavilleri is like. Srry, I mean Jennifer Barrett.
Befre leaving fr the Cape, we fund a cheap apartment in Nrth Cambridge. I called it Nrth Cambridge, althugh the address was technically in the twn f Smerville and the huse was, as Jenny described it,“in the state f disrepair”. It had riginally been a tw-family structure, nw cnverted int fur apartments, verpriced even at its“cheap"rental. But what he hell can graduate students d? It's a seller's market.
56.What can we learn frm the cnversatin between Oliver and Jenny?
A. Nne f them wanted t see Becket.
B. They didn't have three bucks.
C. Jenny was wasting mney.
D. Oliver was a thrifty man.
57.Why were Oliver and Jenny friendly t custmers?
A. They were bth cunselrs fr children.
B. They needed t get tips frm custmers.
C. They didn't have enugh rm t live in
D. That was the rule n the yacht.
58. By "in the state f disrepair", the authr implies that ___________.
A. the apartment was very cheap
B. the apartment was very expensive
C. their accmmdatin is nt decent
D. their accmmdatin is very decent
59. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. A cuple's debt repayment prcess
B. A cuple's hneymn trip
C. A cuple’ s hard life
D. A cuple's life n a yacht
(B)
Summer Camp Rules
Whether it s yur child's first year at camp , r they are a seasned camper and need a little refresher , it’s a gd idea t g ver summer camp rules and guidelines befre leaving fr camp. Camp rules are in place l keep the camp cmmunity safe and camp peratins running smthly thrughut their stay.
Keep Yur Persnal Space Clean
Since yur child will be in clse quarters with many ther campers , it’s imprtant that they understand the necessity f keeping their sleeping and living areas rganized.
G ver ways fr yur child t stay rganized and tidy befre they leave fr camp. When packing, make sure t prvide a laundry bag t keep clean and dirty clthing separate. Utilize under bed space r put clthes n yur shelves r cabinets rather than living ut f yur suitcase r camp trunk.
It als helps t nt ver pack. Fllw packing list guidelines clsely s yur child can find what they need withut having t dig thrugh piles f clthing that were nt recmmended. This als helps yu child knw what they have in their luggage s they pull ut the sweatshirt when it gets cld. instead f thinking there wasn't ne in their bag. Remind yur child f their camp accunt s they can purchase items frm the camp stre if necessary.
2. Valuables at Camp
As a best practice, we recmmend leaving all valuables at hme, Even if yur child has a bracelet r necklace that they never take ff, there is still the chance that it culd be lst while swimming r participating in camp activities
If yu are thinking abut bringing an expensive item f clthing, be prepared fr it t gel lst r damaged. Yu may be better ff buying a new, less expensive versin. T be n the safe side, dn't let yur child bring anything irreplaceable r emtinally valuable t camp.
3. Play Nice
Name calling,fighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prhibited at summer camp Camp is a place t make friends, s aggressive behavir is nt tlerated. Remind yur child that they dn't have t be everybdy's best friend, but they d have t be friendly t everyne.
Encurage yur child t g int camp with the mindset f making a few new friends, and chances are they will leave camp having made mre than a few.
4. Have Fun and Try New Things
At the end f the day, summer camp is abut getting ut f yur cmfrt zne, trying new things, and having a blast. Befre yur child leaves fr camp, cngratulate them fr being brave enugh t try sleep away amp in the first place. Let them knw that they've already wn just by trying, and the fun part is just abut t begin. Remind them again that summer camp rules exist nly t imprve the verall camp experience and t create a cmmunity f fun.
What is the purpse f clarifying the rules f summer camp?
Enrich children's summer camp peratin
Ensure the safety f children participating in summer camp
Cultivate children's ability t survive in the wild
Help children develp gd cleaning habits
61.Which f the fllwing behavirs is advcated by the summer camp?
A. Take yur favrite valuables
B Fight with camping friends
C. Avid participating in hazardus activities
D. Keep persnal camping supplies in rder
62. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Enjy the unique fun brught by new things
B. Make gd friends wherever yu are
C. Fllw the rules f summer camp
D. Get enugh sleep befre camping
(C)
Cnservatinists g t war ver whether humans are the measure f nature's value. New Cnservatinists argue such trade-ffs are necessary in this human dminated epch. And they supprt “re-wilding", a cncept riginally prpsed by Sule where peple curtail ecnmic grwth and withdraw frm landscapes, which then return t nature.
New Cnservatinists believe the withdrawal culd happen tgether with ecnmic grwth The Califrnia-based Breakthrugh Institute believes in a future where mst peple live in cities and rely less n natural resurces fr ecnmic grwth.
They wuld get fd frm industrial agriculture. including genetically mdified fds, desalinatin intensified meat prductin and aquaculture, all f which have a smaller land ftprint. And they wuld get their energy frm renewables and natural gas.
Driving these prfund shifts wuld be greater efficiency f prductin, where mre prducts culd be manufactured frm fewer inputs. And sme unsustainable cmmdities wuld be replaced in the market by ther, greener nes---natural gas fr cal, fr instance, explained Michael Heisenberg., president f the Breakthrugh Institute. Nature wuld, in essence, be decupled frm the ecnmy.
And then he added a caveat:"We are nt suggesting decupling as the paradigm t save the wrld, r that it slves all the prblems r eliminates all the trade- ffs.
Cynics( 悲观者) may say all this sunds t utpian, but Breakthrugh maintains the wrld is already n this path tward decupling. Nwhere is this mre evident than in the United Sates, accrding t Idd Wernick, a research schlar at the Rckefeller University, wh has examined the natin’s use f 100 main cmmdities.
Wemck and his clleagues lked at data carefully frm the U.S. Gelgical Survey Natinal Minerals Infrmatin Center , which keeps a recrd f cmmdities used frm 1900 thrugh the present day. They fund that the use f 36 cmmdities ( sand, ire re , cttn etc.) in the U. S. Ecnmy had peaked.
Anther 53 cmmdities (nitrgen,timber, beef, etc. ) are being used mre efficiently per dllar value f grss dmestic prduct than in the pre-1970s era. Their use wuld peak sn, Wernick said.
Only 11cmmdities (industrial diamnd, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nv.6), and mst f these are emplyed by industries in small quantities t imprve systems prcesses.Chicken use is rising because peple are eating less beef, a desirable develpment since pultry cultivatin has a smaller envirnmental ftprint.
The numbers shw the United States has nt intensified resurce cnsumptin since the1970s even while increasing its GDP and ppulatin, said Jesse Ausubel f the Rckefeller University.
“It seems like the 20th-century expectatin we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater cnsumptin f resurces," Ausubel said. "But what we are seeing in the develped cuntries is, f curse, peaks.”
63.What des the underlined wrd"trade-ffs"refer t in the first paragraph?
A. The balance between human develpment and natural eclgy
B. The prfitability f imprt and exprt trade.
C.The cnsumptin f natural resurces by industrial develpment
D. The difficult plight f ecnmies grwth.
64.Which fthe fllwing is true f the views f the new envirnmentalists?
A.They believe that mankind shuld live in frests with rich vegetatin
B.They believe that mankind will need mre natural resurces in the future.
C.They believe that mankind is the master f the whle universe.
D. They believe that mankind shuld limit ecnmic grwth
65.What can we infer frm the last paragraph f the passage?
A.Natural resurces cannt supprt ecnmic develpment.
B.Mre resurce cnsumptin will nt ccur in a certain perid f time.
C.Excessive resurce cnsumptin will nt affect the eclgical envirnment
D. All resurce cnsumptin in develped cuntries has reached a peak
66. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Urbanizatin and re-wildness.
B. Human existence and industrial develpment
C.Sciecnmic develpment and resurce cnsumptin
D. Cmmdity trading and raw material develpment
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences in the bx Each sentence can nly be used nce. Nte that there are tw sentences mre than yu need.
Shuld Writers Be Paid fr Their E-bks Lent by Libraries?
When libraries lend bks t the public, authrs and publishers receive remuneratin frm the Gvernment under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )_____________ Is this fair?
This year, the gvernment has distributed almst a $ 22 millin under these Public Lending Rights and Educatinal Lending Rights Schemes. Fr each bk in public library cllectins creatrs receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52.
The amunt that each claimant receives is ften nt very significant, with the majrity f authrs receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previus study has revealed that this remuneratin cnstitutes the secnd mst imprtant surce f incme fr creatrs frm their creative wrk..
E-bks, hwever, are nt cvered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-bk lending is increasing and, accrding t the Australian Library and Infrmatin Assciatin, e-bks are likely t reach 20% f library hldings by 2020. Als, mst, if nt all, self-published titles are dne s in digital frmat nly. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,wuld nt qualify fr any remuneratin.
(69) _____________ Althugh the Bk Industry Cllabrative Cuncil made such prpsal already in a reprt f 2013 , nthing has happened f yet.
One f the main reasns why e-bks are nt cvered is that e-bk lending is quite different frm print bk lending. In case f print bks, authrs and publishers are arguably lsing n custmers and revenues when libraries lan their bks fr free.Creatrs nly receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 fr each bk in public library cllectins.
At present, in the case f -bks, many publishers chse nt t sell these bks t libraries.( 70)_______
While publishers charge libraries high prices fr e-bks, writers cmplain that these amunts d nt reach them. Publishing cntracts ften dn't specify whether and hw much authrs receive fr e-bks sales r fr e-lending.
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Neurscientists usually define a singular memry as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue assciated with a particular recllectin. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't islated t ne regin f the brain and instead manifests as a clrful splattering acrss the neural tissue. “A memry lks mre like a web in the brain than a single spt,” says neurseientist and Natinal Gegraphic Explrer Steve Ramirez f Bstn University. That's because when a memry is created, it includes all the visual, auditry, and tactile inputs that make an experience memrable , and brain cells are encded frm all f thse regins.
Nw, scientists are even able t track hw memries mve acrss the brain, like detectives finding ftprints in the snw. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrugh: They were able t target the cells that make up ne engram in a muse's brain and then implant a false memry.
In their wrk , mice reacted in fear t a particular stimulus even when they had nt been cnditined in advance. While muse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neurscientists understand hw ur memries wrk , t.
In their current wrk, Ramirez. and his clleagues are investigating whether psitive and negative memries are stred in different grups f brain cells , and whether negative memries can be "verwritten by psitive nes. T prep mice fr the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that cntains flurescent prteins and surgically implants ptic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus frm flurescing until the researchers are ready t tag a psitive r negative experience. Psitive memries are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice fr an hur, and negative memries are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief ft shcks. Once the mice have been cnditined t assciate certain triggers with each experience , they underg a shrt surgical peratin s the scientists can stimulate the cells assciated with the psitive r negative engrams.
They are finding that activating psitive memries while a muse is in a cage it assciates with fear makes that muse less fearful. Using a different technique , University f' Trnt neurscientist Sheena Jsselyn was able t cmpletely eliminate fear memries in mice.
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V.Translatin (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出了。(since)
73小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来的丰收。(sw)
74鉴于手机打车不熟悉的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few)
75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It)
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李明。入冬以来，你们学校组织全校师生进行晨跑，时间在7:30到7:50，休息5分钟之后准备上第一节课。但是有同学反映，晨跑后身体不适，因此校方委托学生会向同学们征集对晨跑的意见，请你向学生会写封邮件。要求：
你认为晨跑安排中存在的问题；
提出改进的建议和理由。
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_____________________________________________________________________________characteristics B. diverse C. emply D. functin E issue F. Integratin
hit H. military I. ptential J. schemes K. wearers
A.Hwever,this is nt the case when libraries lend e-bks.
B. This may nt be a big issue nw, fr e-bks are minr in publishing.
C. Als, publishers assume get mre prfits frm libraries where readers pay them mre.
D. Publishing cntracts ften dn't specify whether and hw much authrs receive fr e-bks sales r fr e-lending.
E. Extensin alne wuld d little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed frm bks t e-bks.
F. Fr this reasn, authrs and publishers have been talking the Gvernment int extending the Lending Rights Schemes t e-bks.