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2022学年第一学期期中杭州地区(含周边)重点中学
高二年级英语学科试题
考生须知：
1. 本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟;
2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。
3. 所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效;
4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。
第I卷
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to do?
A. Eat out.
B. Cook dinner himself.
C. Have home-made food
2. How does the woman suggest the man go home?
A. By bus.
B. By taxi.
C. By car.
3. What does the woman think of her new roommate?
A. Careless.
B. Thoughtful.
C. Noisy.
4. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a hospital.
B. At home.
C. In a supermarket.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Insurance.
B. The woman’s job
C. A health plan.
第二节：(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Father and daughter.
B.Colleagues.
C.Schoolmates.
7.What would the $1,500 cash be used for?
A.Covering the school fees.
B.Paying for textbooks.
C.Holding parties.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Who are the speakers most likely to be?
A.Event organizers.
B.Concert performers.
C.Magazine editors.
9.What will happen to the jazz festival?
A. It will be staged this afternoon.
B. It will be covered in a magazine.
C. It will be advertised by a reporter.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why is the woman moving to Watertown?
A. She is starting her own business.
B.Her family lives in the area.
C. Her company will relocate.
11. What does the woman care most about the apartment?
A.The rent.
B.The size.
C.The location.
12.What will the speakers most likely do next?
A.Look for a three-bedroom apartment.
B. Go to the city center.
C. Schedule a visit.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What do we know about Barry’s parents?
AThey were both sports lovers.
B. They allowed him to develop hobbies.
C. They asked him to focus on his study.
14.What inspired Barry to be a violinist?
A. A TV program.
B.A musician.
C.A band.
15. What did Barry do after graduation?
A.He travelled with other young musicians.
B.He studied science courses for a year.
C.He went straight to learn music.
16. What does Harry mean in the end?
A. He will delay his world tour.
B. He is satisfied with his career.
C.He is looking for better chances.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What activity do people do most time in the center?
A.Water sports.
B. Rock climbing.
C.Mountain biking.
18. What does the speaker value most about activity centers?
A.Different experience.
B.Social interaction.
C.Sports entertainment.
19. What do participants do on the last afternoon?
A.Watch TV.
B.Sing songs together.
C.Play team games.
20.Who is the speaker?
A. A college student.
B.An activity organizer.
C. A participant in an activity center.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：(共15个小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
A
The pandemic has been particularly hard on people working for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all while others don’t interact with customers the same way. Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend:
FOOD AND DRINKS
Restaurant workers
OLD RULE:Leave a tip only when you dine in.
NEW RULE:Always tip, even for takeout.
TIP: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders.
HOME DELIVERIES
Package delivery drivers
OLD RULE:Don’t tip.
NEW RULE: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week.
TIP: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEx bans employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards).
PERSONAL SERVICES
Ride-share drivers
OLD RULE:Tip in cash.
NEW RULE:Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash.
TIP:15 to 20 percent.
Hotel housekeepers
OLD RULE: Tip at the end of your stay.
NEW RULE: Many hotels now do housekeeping by request only, so tip every time you ask them to come.
TIP:A few dollars per night, plus $5 for any extra requests, such as asking for additional toiletries.
Next time, you’re unsure whether a tip is in order, follow this simple rule: When in doubt, tip. “Tipping well is one way to make things easier for someone else.”
1. According to new rules, which of the following cannot get tips in cash or similar things?
A. A restaurant waiter.
B. A FedEx deliverer.
C. A Lyft driver.
D. A hotel housekeeper.
2. If the shared ride booked through the Uber App costs you 20 dollars, which tipping is appropriate?
A. Paying 22 dollars through the app.
B. Leaving a gift card.
C. Tipping 3 dollars in cash.
D. Offering a bag of snacks.
3. Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A research report.
B. A fashion magazine.
C. A short story.
D. An advice brochure.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用。文章主要介绍了大流行结束后对于某些行业小费的建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据HOME DELIVERIES部分的“And FedEx bans employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards).(联邦快递还禁止员工接受现金或现金等价物（如礼品卡）)”可知，根据新规定联邦快递的送货员不应该收小费以及类似的等价物。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据PERSONAL SERVICES部分的“Ride-share drivers(共享乘车司机)”，“The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash.(Lyft和Uber的应用程序允许你添加小费，但有些司机更喜欢现金支付)”和“TIP:15 to 20 percent.(小费：15%到20%)”可知，共享出行的小费是15%-20%。因此，如果通过优步应用程序预订的共享乘车花费20美元，那么小费应该是3美元到4美元现金。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend:(正如许多服务已经改变一样，小费也应该改变。一些旧的标准似乎不再公平，一些新的标准将在大流行结束后很长时间内适用。对于具体情况，专家建议如下：)”以及下文的具体建议推知，本文很有可能出自一本建议手册。故选D。
B
The 20-year-old student will be the first person to compete in the final of the Miss England contest without make-up in its nearly 100-year history, in an attempt to show girls they don’t have to wear it to feel beautiful.
Ms. Raouf, from south London, won a special “bare-face” round of the competition last week, strengthening her place in the final between 40 contestants on 17 October. But while previous winners of this round have returned to wearing make-up for the final, she will not. And if she wins, she says she will leave it off for the Miss World competition, hoping to “inspire the world”.
“I wanted to prove we have a choice,” she tells BBC News. Since last week’s bare-face round, Ms. Raouf has been “overwhelmed” by positive messages on social media. At her early age, Ms. Raouf was “significantly insecure”, and found comparing herself to the “unrealistic standard of beauty” shown on social media had a negative impact on her mental health. But as she got older she gained confidence-and she thinks taking part in the beauty contest, while “very scary” at the time, has increased this.
Ms. Raouf does not object to wearing make-up in general, and will still do so on other occasions. She only wants girls to place more value on their “inner beauty” rather than comparing themselves to others. “When you wear that amount of make-up you’re just concealing yourself. Remove all those layers and you’ll see who you truly are,” she adds.
Miss World was first organized in 1951 in the UK. Some of the rules of entry for the competition have not been changed since then. Miss England hopefuls cannot be older than 27 in their year of entry, and are not allowed to be married or have given birth to children. In 2018, Veronika Didusenko, who had been crowned Miss Ukraine, said the rules needed to change after she had her title taken away for being a mother.
Altering entry rules is difficult but not impossible. Some netizens commented, “Some contestants, Ms. Raouf included, use their platform to do something good in the world.”
4. Ms.Raouf won’t wear make-up in the final of the Miss England contest in order to .
A. prove girls’ natural charms
B. show her objection to make-up
C. get a better place in the final
D. challenge the competition rules
5. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The negative impact.
B. Her sense of insecurity.
C. Her confidence.
D. Her objection to make-up.
6. Who is qualified for the Miss World competition in the UK?
A. Sopher, 26, an engineer who is pregnant.
B. Laura, 23, a teacher at St Mary’s School Ascot.
C. Marbella, 28, a graduate from Glasgow University.
D. Jennifer, 25, a housewife who looks after all the household duties.
7. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Raouf?
A. Bold and confident.
B. Responsible and talented.
C. Honest and considerate.
D. Outgoing and determined.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述为了向女孩们展示她们不化妆就很美，Ms. Raouf决定在英国小姐的决赛上不化妆。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The 20-year-old student will be the first person to compete in the final of the Miss England contest without make-up in its nearly 100-year history, in an attempt to show girls they don’t have to wear it to feel beautiful.(这位20岁的学生将是近百年历史上第一位不化妆参加英国小姐大赛决赛的人，这是为了向女孩们展示她们不需要化妆就能感觉到美丽)”可知，Ms. Raouf去参加Miss England contest决赛而不化妆是为了向证明女孩的自然美。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“But as she got older she gained confidence-and she thinks taking part in the beauty contest, while “very scary” at the time, has increased this.(但随着年龄的增长，她获得了自信，虽然当时“非常可怕”，但她认为参加选美比赛增加了这一点)”可知，this指代上文的confidence，即参加选美比赛增加了她的自信。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Miss England hopefuls cannot be older than 27 in their year of entry, and are not allowed to be married or have given birth to children.(Miss England 候选人在入学年份不得超过27岁，不得结婚或生育子女)”并结合选项可知，作为圣玛丽学校的教师且现年23岁的劳拉符合Miss England 的要求。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The 20-year-old student will be the first person to compete in the final of the Miss England contest without make-up in its nearly 100-year history, in an attempt to show girls they don’t have to wear it to feel beautiful.(这位20岁的学生将是近百年历史上第一位不化妆参加英国小姐大赛决赛的人，这是为了向女孩们展示她们不需要化妆就能感觉到美丽)”可知，Ms. Raouf在英国小姐决赛时不会化妆，由此推知她很勇敢。根据第三段的“But as she got older she gained confidence-and she thinks taking part in the beauty contest, while “very scary” at the time, has increased this.(但随着年龄的增长，她获得了自信，虽然当时“非常可怕”，但她认为参加选美比赛增加了这一点)”推知，Ms. Raouf很有自信。故选A。
C
Grown-ups have long looked to childhood playthings for nostalgia(怀旧)，comfort or value as collections, inspiring a nickname within the toy industry: kidults. This market came of age during the pandemic as many Americans looked to reconnect with their past as a way of reducing stress, becoming a key driver of new sales of everything from games to trading cards.People aged 18 and up accounted for 14% of U.S. toy industry sales for the 12-month period ended June 30, according to market researcher NPD Group Inc., up from 9% in 2019. The $5.6 billion in sales to this group was up 26%, the second-biggest rise after customers aged 12 to 17. The most popular items for older consumers were building sets (think Legos),traditional plush (think stuffed animals) and action figures (think Star Wars and Marvel characters).
Toy executives and analysts see this moment differently than other periods of nostalgia-based buying. Instead of storing toys unopened on a shelf, adults are actively engaging with the dolls, stuffed animals and toy weapons many had previously put away after childhood. There is also broader social acceptance of kidult preferences, they say. A 2021 survey of 2,000 adults by the U.S. Toy Association found that more than 50% of adults bought toys and games for their own use.
Some of the world’s biggest toy companies are making a play for this emerging audience by creating adult-only e-commerce websites. One is Hasbro Inc., which makes everything from My Little Pony to Marvel and Star Wars action figures. Adults are also a newer focus for American Girl. When the company released the first six American Girl dolls in their original outfits in May 2021,roughly half went to grown-ups buying them for themselves.
Jamie Cygielman, the company president, says American Girl has only scratched the surface of future plans to attract more mature audiences into the stores. She saw the progress firsthand while seeing three separate groups of adult women celebrating birthdays with their dolls, no kids in sight.
8. What was the main factor for adults to buy toys during the pandemic?
A. The relief from stress.
B. The enjoyment for their own.
C. The value of toys.
D. Reconnection with their past.
9. What can we learn about kidults?
A. The toy selling to kidults is on the increase.
B. Adults favor Legos, stuffed animals and Snow White.
C. Adults tend to put away their toys during the pandemic.
D. Few people are in favor of kidult preferences.
10. What message is delivered according to Jamie Cygielman?
A. American Girl has a huge market.
B. American Girl appeals to adults well.
C. Kidults are easy to cheer up.
D. More future plans will be made to win kidults.
11. What’ s the best title of the passage?
A. The development of toy industry.
B. The kidult preferences for toys.
C. The benefits of childhood playthings.
D. The business of selling toys to your inner child.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了由于疫情原因，有越来越多的成年人开始转向童年的玩具，从而减轻压力。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This market came of age during the pandemic as many Americans looked to reconnect with their past as a way of reducing stress, becoming a key driver of new sales of everything from games to trading cards.(这个市场是在疫情期间形成的，当时许多美国人希望通过与过去的联系来减轻压力，成为从游戏到交易卡等各种新产品销售的关键驱动因素。)”可知，在疫情期间，成年人开始购买玩具是想缓解压力。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“People aged 18 and up accounted for 14% of U.S. toy industry sales for the 12-month period ended June 30, according to market researcher NPD Group Inc., up from 9% in 2019. The $5.6 billion in sales to this group was up 26%, the second-biggest rise after customers aged 12 to 17. The most popular items for older consumers were building sets (think Legos),traditional plush (think stuffed animals) and action figures (think Star Wars and Marvel characters).(根据市场研究机构NPD Group Inc.的数据，在截至6月30日的12个月期间，18岁及以上人群占美国玩具行业销售额的14%，高于2019年的9%。56亿美元的销售额增长了26%，仅次于12至17岁的顾客。最受老年消费者欢迎的是积木(如乐高)、传统毛绒玩具(如填充动物玩具)和动作人偶(如星球大战和漫威人物)。)”可推断，销售给成年人的玩具越来越多。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Jamie Cygielman, the company president, says American Girl has only scratched the surface of future plans to attract more mature audiences into the stores. She saw the progress firsthand while seeing three separate groups of adult women celebrating birthdays with their dolls, no kids in sight.(该公司总裁Jamie Cygielman表示，“美国女孩”还只是触及了未来吸引更成熟受众的表面计划。她亲眼看到三组不同的成年妇女带着她们的娃娃庆祝生日，看不到孩子，亲眼目睹了这一进展。)”可知，“美国女孩”只是面对成年人售出玩具的开始阶段，也就是说，还会有更多针对成年人售出玩具的机会。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Toy executives and analysts see this moment differently than other periods of nostalgia-based buying. Instead of storing toys unopened on a shelf, adults are actively engaging with the dolls, stuffed animals and toy weapons many had previously put away after childhood. There is also broader social acceptance of kidult preferences, they say. A 2021 survey of 2,000 adults by the U.S. Toy Association found that more than 50% of adults bought toys and games for their own use.(玩具业高管和分析师认为，这一时刻与以往基于怀旧的购买时期不同。成年人不再把未开封的玩具放在架子上，而是积极地玩起了娃娃、填充动物玩具和玩具武器，许多人在童年后就把它们收起来了。他们说，社会对儿童偏好的接受程度也在提高。2021年，美国玩具协会对2000名成年人进行的一项调查发现，超过50%的成年人购买玩具和游戏供自己使用。)”可知，文章主要介绍了成年人开始为了自己内心的童真而购买玩具。所以“The business of selling toys to your inner child.(玩具销售业务触及你的“童真”)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
D
It seems no one can really agree on the question of “What’s so funny?” So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design an AI that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. The scientists describe their innovative approach to building a funny bone for the Japanese android ‘Erica’ in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI.
“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(移情，共鸣)，”explained lead author Dr Koji Inoue, an assistant professor at Kyoto University in the Department of Intelligence Science and Technology within the Graduate School of Informatics. “One way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter.”
In the shared-laughter model, a human initially laughs and the Al system responds with laughter as an empathetic response. This approach required designing three subsystems-one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh, and a third to choose the type of appropriate laughter. The type of laughter is also important, because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter.
The team tested Erica’s new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system. Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue within the three different conditions- shared-laughter system, no laughter, all laughter- and evaluated the interactions based on human-likeness, naturalness and understanding. The shared-laughter system performed better than either baseline.
“Robots should actually have a distinct character, and we think that they can show this through their conversational behaviors, such as laughing, eye gaze, gestures and speaking style,” Inoue added. “We do not think this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”
12. What’s the purpose of raising the question “What’s so funny” at the beginning?
A. To show opinions on funny things.
B. To encourage readers to share their ideas.
C. To stress the difficulty of teaching a robot to laugh.
D. To emphasize the importance of being funny.
13. Which of the following explains the underlined phrase “the funny bone” in paragraph 1?
A. The sense of humor
B. The shared-laughter system
C. The speaking style
D. The distinct character
14. What is NOT needed in the research of the shared-laughter system?
A. Designing the subsystem to decide whether to laugh.
B. Assessing the interactions based on emotions.
C. Creating brief conversations between a human and Erica.
D. Asking people to listen to the previously created dialogues.
15 What is Inoue’s attitude towards conversational AI?
A. Indifferent
B. Suspicious
C. Optimistic
D. Objective
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍日本京都大学的研究人员设计了一种共享笑声的人工智能系统，可以对人类的笑声做出适当的反应，以便在对话中建立同理心。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It seems no one can really agree on the question of “What’s so funny?” So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design an AI that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. (似乎没有人能在“什么事这么好笑?”这个问题上达成一致意见。想象一下，你要教一个机器人如何笑。但这正是日本京都大学的一组研究人员正在试图设计的一种人工智能，它可以通过共享笑声系统获取线索。)”可推断，在一开始就提出“什么事这么好笑”这个问题的目的是强调教机器人笑的难度。故选C。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前句“So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design an AI that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. (想象一下，你要教一个机器人如何笑。但这正是日本京都大学的一组研究人员正在试图设计的一种人工智能，它可以通过共享笑声系统获取线索。)”可知，日本科学家用创新方法为日本机器人“爱丽卡”制造幽默感。所以the funny bone为“幽默感”之意。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This approach required designing three subsystems-one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh, and a third to choose the type of appropriate laughter. The type of laughter is also important, because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter. (这种方法需要设计三个子系统——一个检测笑声，第二个决定是否要笑，第三个选择合适的笑声类型。笑的类型也很重要，因为在某些情况下，礼貌的轻笑可能比大声的哼声大笑更合适。)”和第四段“The team tested Erica’s new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system. Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue within the three different conditions- shared-laughter system, no laughter, all laughter- and evaluated the interactions based on human-likeness, naturalness and understanding. (研究小组用艾丽卡新的分享笑声系统，在一个人和她之间创造了四段不同的简短对话，以此来测试她的新幽默感。然后，他们让130多人在三种不同的条件下(分享笑声、无笑声、全笑声)听每段对话，并根据与人的相似度、自然度和理解力来评估这些互动。)”可知，共享笑系统的研究不需要基于情绪评估互动。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Robots should actually have a distinct character, and we think that they can show this through their conversational behaviors, such as laughing, eye gaze, gestures and speaking style,” Inoue added. “We do not think this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.” (井上补充说：“机器人实际上应该具有鲜明的性格，我们认为它们可以通过对话行为表现出这一点，比如大笑、眼神凝视、手势和说话风格。”“我们不认为这是一个简单的问题，很可能需要10到20年以上的时间，我们才能最终与机器人像与朋友一样随意聊天。”)”可推断，井上对对话AI的态度是客观的。故选D。
第二节： (共 5 小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you ever feel like you are not the person other people think you are? Learning to be comfortable in your skin can be difficult, and you may imagine yourself as a different person entirely. Reinvent yourself. ____16____ Before you can understand who you want to be, it is crucial to know what makes you stand out. ____17____Learning what makes you different is an important part of self-discovery. Everybody has special gifts and talents. By listing positive qualities, you separate yourself from the potentially negative influence and pressure of those around you.
Discover what is holding you back. Fears, anxieties, insecurities and self-criticism can prevent you from changing yourself for the better. ____18____Every time you feel a burst of fear or self-doubt, stop yourself and ask “why do I feel this way?” Once you know why you are nervous, you can take steps to overcome those insecurities and obstacles.
Write down your goals. Before you can become who you want to be, you have to realize who this new person is. Record all of your desires and goals. Each goal should be realistic and positive while focusing on yourself._____19_____If you’ve never played golf before, it might not be realistic that you will become a famous golfer, but it may be realistic that you can learn how to play. Positive means that the goals are good things that will happen to you. Remove any negativity from your dream list.
Find an adviser. Perhaps you are struggling in a new career or you want to make a difference in your community. Ask an experienced person in that area to guide you. Meet once a week or month to discuss your goals. Your adviser will share the struggles that he faced getting to the point where he is now. ____20____
A. Figure out your potential.
B. Identify what makes you unique.
C. The goal should be about yourself, not other people.
D. Realistic means that the dream is reasonable and can be achieved.
E. Such self-destructive thoughts stop you before your reinventing yourself.
F. He can offer you tips on your hurdles and help you realize your potential.
G. Impossible as it seems, you can become the person you always wanted to be.
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有时候人很难学会自在地面对自己，并就如何才能自己想成为的人给出一定的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Learning to be comfortable in your skin can be difficult, and you may imagine yourself as a different person entirely. Reinvent yourself. (学会自在地面对自己可能很困难，你可能会把自己想象成一个完全不同的人。彻底改造自己)”可知，上文提到人很难面对真实的自我，但是是可以改造自己的。选项G“Impossible as it seems, you can become the person you always wanted to be. (虽然看起来不可能，但你可以成为你一直想成为的人)”承上启下，承接上文表明你可以成为自己想成为的人，同时引出下文的建议，符合句意。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Learning what makes you different is an important part of self-discovery.(了解是什么让你与众不同是自我发现的重要组成部分)”可知，空处指的是要找到自己与众不同的地方。选项B“Identify what makes you unique. (找出你的独特之处)”与下文内容一致。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据空前“Fears, anxieties, insecurities and self-criticism can prevent you from changing yourself for the better. (恐惧、焦虑、不安和自我批评会阻止你向更好的方向改变自己)”可知，这些都是阻碍个人成长的绊脚石。选项E“Such self-destructive thoughts stop you before your reinventing yourself. (在你重塑自我之前，这种自我毁灭的想法会阻止你)”与上文内容一致。故选E。
【19题详解】
根据空前“Each goal should be realistic and positive while focusing on yourself.(每个目标都应该是现实和积极的，同时关注自己)”可知，目标应该是现实的，可实现的。再根据空后“If you’ve never played golf before, it might not be realistic that you will become a famous golfer, but it may be realistic that you can learn how to play. Positive means that the goals are good things that will happen to you. (如果你以前从未打过高尔夫球，你成为一个著名的高尔夫球手可能是不现实的，但你可以学习如何打高尔夫球可能是现实的。积极的意思是目标是会发生在你身上的好事)”可知，作者认为目标应该是根据自身实际情况制定的可实现的。选项D“Realistic means that the dream is reasonable and can be achieved. (现实的意思是梦想是合理的，可以实现的)”符合上下文内容。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文内容“Perhaps you are struggling in a new career or you want to make a difference in your community. Ask an experienced person in that area to guide you. Meet once a week or month to discuss your goals. Your adviser will share the struggles that he faced getting to the point where he is now.(也许你正在一份新的职业中挣扎，或者你想在你的社区中有所作为。请在这方面有经验的人来指导你。每周或每月见面一次，讨论你的目标。你的顾问会和你分享他达到现在的成就所面临的困难)”可知，本段主要内容是找一个顾问，和他分析你目前的情况，这样才能更好地实现目标，早日成为自己想成为的人。选项F“He can offer you tips on your hurdles and help you realize your potential.(他可以在你遇到困难时提供建议，帮助你实现自己的潜力)”仍然提到的是这个顾问可以给你的帮助，与上文内容一致。故选F。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A photo, shot in the Luding earthquake, soon went viral(迅速传播). In the photo, a 20-year-old firefighter, Zhang Zili, was ____21____holding a 2-month-old baby,_____22_____the hearts of people. People nouiced the word “Wenchuan” on Zhang’s left armband. Zhang, born in 2002 in a county neighboring Wenchuan, was hence lovingly referred to as “Wenchuan Brother”.
On May 12,2008, Zhang was attending a ____23____class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck. He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____24____what was going on.____25____, the People’s Liberation Army came to their rescue. He ____26____how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____27____ and offered instant noodles to locals. One ____28____even hugged and comforted Zhang, saying “Don’t be ____29____,we are here now”. The words left a deep impression on Zhang.
This year when the Wenchuan brigade(消防队)was _____30_____firefighters, he did not hesitate to join, hoping to save people just like the PLA soldiers. In less than four months, he has taken part in several forest firefighting _____31_____and rescue operations. By Thursday, Zhang’s brigade had urgently _____32_____two rescue channels in the baby’s village to transport the villagers.
Actually, many Wenchuan Brothers have participated in the search and rescue operations for the Luding earthquake. Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade, many are _____33_____from Wenchuan. With an average age of 27, they _____34_____the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing_____35_____difficulties.
21. A. firmly B. relaxingly C. eagerly D. tenderly
22. A. touching B. breaking C. opening D. freezing
23. A. Chinese B. sports C. maths D. music
24. A. wondering B. doubting C. expecting D. knowing
25. A. Long before B. Shortly afterwards C. To their surprise D. As a consequence
26. A. acknowledged B. indicated C. recalled D. commented
27. A. tents B. bridges C. roads D. houses
28. A. classmate B. teacher C. parent D. soldier
29. A. hesitant B. afraid C. angry D. shy
30. A. training B. organizing C. recruiting D. calling
31. A. scenes B. missions C. procedures D. routines
32. A. set up B. made up C. built up D. taken up
33. A. volunteers B. members C. immigrants D. locals
34. A. understood B. imagined C. experienced D. remembered
35. A. particular B. endless C. similar D. increasing
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述“汶川哥哥”张自立：6岁经历地震，长大后当上消防员。在泸定地震救援中，他抱着一名婴儿转移的照片感动网友。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：照片中，20岁的消防员张自立温柔地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，感动了人们的心。A. firmly坚定地；B. relaxingly轻松地；C. eagerly渴望地；D. tenderly温柔地。根据“holding a 2-month-old baby,”可知，因为抱着的是一个2个月大的婴儿，所以是轻轻地，温柔地抱着。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：照片中，20岁的消防员张自立温柔地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，感动了人们的心。A. touching感动；B. breaking打破；C. opening打开；D. freezing冻结。根据“A photo, shot in the Luding earthquake, soon went viral(迅速传播).”和“the hearts of people”可知，照片能够迅速走红，是因为这张照片感动了人们的心。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2008年5月12日，当里氏8.0级地震发生时，张正在上体育课。A. Chinese语文；B. sports体育；C. maths数学；D. music音乐。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____4____what was going on.”可知，地震时在操场上，所以推断当时正在上体育课。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和他的同学在操场上哭，不知道发生了什么。A. wondering想知道；B. doubting怀疑；C. expecting期望；D. knowing知道。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground,”可知，哭的原因是不知道发生了什么。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：不久之后，中国人民解放军前来救援。A. Long before很近以前；B. Shortly afterwards此后不久；C. To their surprise令他们失望的是；D. As a consequence结果。根据“the People’s Liberation Army came to their rescue.”可知，这里指地震不久之后，军队救援来了。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起紧急物资如何从直升机空投，解放军士兵如何搭建帐篷，向当地人提供泡面。A. acknowledged承认；B. indicated指示；C. recalled回忆；D. commented评论。根据“how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____7____ and offered instant noodles to locals.”可知，这里指后来张自立回忆解放军士兵地震救援的场面。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起紧急物资如何从直升机空投，解放军士兵如何搭建帐篷，向当地人提供泡面。A. tents帐篷；B. bridges桥；C. roads道路；D. houses房子。根据“On May 12,2008, Zhang was attending a ____3____class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck.”可知，因为发生的是8级大地震，所以搭建的是帐篷。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名士兵甚至拥抱并安慰张，说：“不要害怕，我们现在在这里。”A. classmate同学；B. teacher教师；C. parent父母；D. soldier士兵。根据“He ____6____how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____7____ and offered instant noodles to locals.”可知，当时一名解放军士兵拥抱并安慰张自立。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一名士兵甚至拥抱并安慰张，说：“不要害怕，我们现在在这里。”A. hesitant犹豫的；B. afraid害怕的；C. angry生气的；D. shy害羞的。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____4____what was going on.”可知，张自立和同学们因为害怕大哭，所以解放军士兵安慰他不要害怕。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，当汶川大队招募消防员时，他毫不犹豫地加入了，希望能像解放军战士一样救人。A. training培训；B. organizing组织；C. recruiting征兵；招募；D. calling打电话。根据“he did not hesitate to join, hoping to save people just like the PLA soldiers.”可知，这里指汶川招募消防员，张自立毫不犹豫加入。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在不到四个月的时间里，他参加了几次森林消防任务和救援行动。A. scenes情景；B. missions使命、任务；C. procedures程序；D. routines常规。根据“and rescue operations.”可知，这里指故张自立当上消防员之后，参加森林灭火任务。选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：到周四，张队伍已经在婴儿所在的村庄紧急建立了两条救援通道，将村民们运送过来。A. set up建立；B. made up组成；C. built up建立；D. taken up占据。根据“two rescue channels in the baby’s village to transport the villagers.”可知，为了转移村民而建立的救援通道。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在来自汶川大队的74人中，很多是汶川本地人。 A. volunteers志愿者；B. members成员；C. immigrants移民；D. locals当地人。根据“With an average age of 27, they ____14____the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing____15____difficulties.”可知，这支消防大队中，很多都是汶川本地人。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们平均年龄27岁，经历了汶川地震，想要帮助面临同样困难的人。A. understood理解；B. imagined想象；C. experienced体验、经历；D. remembered记得。根据“Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade, many are ____13____from Wenchuan.”可知，因为是汶川本地人，所以经历了地震。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们平均年龄27岁，经历了汶川地震，想要帮助面临同样困难的人。A. particular特别的；B. endless无止境的；C. similar相似的、同样的；D. increasing增加的。根据“With an average age of 27, they ____14____the Wenchuan earthquake”可知，因为经历过汶川地震，所以希望帮助面临同样困难的人。故选C。
第II卷
注意：将答案写在答题卷上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二节：(共10个小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teenage years are one of the most exciting yet ____36____(confuse) stages in a person’s life. You are at a time of____37____(explore), trying to find out your preferences, one of which ____38____(be)your pastime(消遣).
Some pastimes have no moral implications(影响). ____39____ , there are other choices that need to be made based on your values and principles in life. Some examples include skipping school to watch a movie with some friends, or even attending a party____40____there will be alcohol and drugs freely given out. How do you respond?
However, it is okay to say no to anything that is illegal, ____41____(potential) causes harm or is hurtful to you or others. You may be afraid to refuse for fear of losing friends but do not let that stop you ____42____standing up to peer pressure. If your friends are true friends, they will respect your decision and not force you to join them.
There are some steps you may take____43____(avoid) negative peer pressure. Firstly, stay away from friends who force you to do things that you know are wrong. Next, be true to ____44____(you) and stand up for ____45____you believe in. And if a situation gets out of hand, do not hesitate to approach an adult you trust for help.
【答案】36. confusing
37. exploration
38. is 39. However##Nevertheless
40. where 41. potentially
42. from 43. to avoid
44. yourself##yourselves
45. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍青少年如何找到正确的娱乐活动和真正的朋友，以及如何避免来自同伴的负面压力。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：青少年是一个人一生中最令人兴奋但最令人困惑的阶段之一。空处应用形容词修饰stages，修饰物，表示事物的特征，表示“令人困惑的”应用confusing。故填confusing。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：你正处于探索的时期，试图找出你的喜好，其中之一就是你的消遣。空处应填名词作宾语，exploration“探索”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填exploration。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意同上。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，“one of+n”作主语，谓语动词用单数，且本句陈述客观事实，故填is。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，还有其他需要根据你的价值观和生活原则做出的选择。结合语境和上文“Some pastimes have no moral implications(影响)”可知，上下文为转折关系，应用however/nevertheless连接。故填However/Nevertheless。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一些例子包括逃学去和一些朋友看电影，甚至参加一个聚会，那里会免费发放酒精和毒品。空处引导非定语从句，先行词是party，关系词代词它在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，对任何违法、可能造成伤害或对你或他人造成伤害的事情说不是可以的。修饰动词causes应用副词。故填potentially。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：你可能害怕拒绝，因为害怕失去朋友，但不要让这阻止你面对同伴的压力。此处为固定短语stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故填from。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以采取一些措施来避免负面的同伴压力。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，即采取措施的目的是避免负面的同伴压力。故填to avoid。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：其次，做真实的自己，坚持你所相信的。此处是祈使句，暗含的主语是you，当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语用反身代词，此处指“你（们）自己”用yourself/yourselves。故填yourself/yourselves。
【45题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上。空出引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校即将举办一场以“人工智能”为主题的专家讲座。请你写一封邮件，邀请你的交换生朋友Chris一起参加。内容包括：
1. 讲座时间、地点；
2. 讲座内容；
3. 期待回复。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
Knowing that you are keen on artificial intelligence, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to participate in such a lecture.
Featuring the application of AI, the two-hour lecture is scheduled to be held at 2 p.m. this Sunday in the school auditorium, which will never fail to expose participants to scientific and technological innovation. The operating principles and potential dangers of AI are included as well. Then follows a lively question-and-answer session. I do hope that you won’t miss the golden chance.
Anticipating your prompt reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生交换生朋友Chris写一封信，邀请他参加你校即将举办以“人工智能”为主题的专家讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be keen on →be interested in
参加：participate in →take part in
机会：chance →opportunity
期望：anticipate → expect/look forward to
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing that you are keen on artificial intelligence, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to participate in such a lecture.
拓展句：Because I know that you are keen on artificial intelligence, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to participate in such a lecture.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Featuring the application of AI, the two-hour lecture is scheduled to be held at 2 p.m. this Sunday in the school auditorium, which will never fail to expose participants to scientific and technological innovation. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] I do hope that you won’t miss the golden chance. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整故事。
It was summer. Everyone was going away on holiday except for Kevin, Emma and their parents. Dad hadn’t booked a trip and it was too late. Everything was booked up.
Kevin had an idea. “Uncle Jeff’s got a holiday house by the sea. Let’s go and stay with him.” “Oh NO!” said Mum, “Not with Uncle Jeff.” And the thought of staying with his brother was enough to make Dad surf the Internet again for holiday cottages by the sea. But they had no luck.
On the first of August, the tyres of Dad’s big blue car crunched up the driveway of Uncle Jeff’s country house by the sea. “I’ll take the kids to the beach so that Mum and Dad can have some time together. ”Uncle Jeff offered. Although Dad thought it did sound rather nice, he said, “It’s alright Jeff. We’ll look after the kids.”
Kevin and Emma loved everything to do with the beach-digging sandcastles, eating ice cream, and diving into the waves. Mum and Dad both wore big floppy hats, put on sun cream, and read big fat paper back books nearby. The routine of beach during the day continued. But when Dad had read to the end of his book, he mentioned to Mom it would be nice to have a break from the kids. Mom applauded.
The next day they gave Uncle Jeff instructions for looking after the kids. They mustn’t swim too far out to sea. And Jeff said, “Right-oh. Got ya.”, which didn’t make Mum feel at all reassured.
But he did watch them while they were swimming. He even bought them a little inflatable boat, so that they could have some fun floating on it and jumping on and off into the waves. Uncle Jeff watched the kids play all morning, but in the afternoon he decided that it would probably be alright if he allowed himself a short nap.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
At first the kids were playing “Pirates” with the little boat only a few yards from the beach.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
On the beach, Uncle Jeff sat up slowly and scanned the shore for a sight of the children.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文1
Paragraph 1:
At first the kids were playing “Pirates” with the little boat only a few yards from the beach. But gradually the waves and their game took them a little further out. They were still among the swimmers and the wind surfers, but Emma said, “Kevin, I think we ought to go back in,” and they both leant over the boat and started to paddle with their hands. But instead of returning to the beach, they were pulled further out by the current. “Oh no. I think we are in trouble,” said Emma. And even Kevin felt frightened.
Paragraph2:
On the beach, Uncle Jeff sat up slowly and scanned the shore for a sight of the children. He couldn’t see them anywhere, but he said to himself, “I expect they’ve gone to buy an ice cream.” Then a black dot in the distance captured his eyes. “They look a bit like Kevin and Emma. Oh no. I’m going to be in a heap of trouble for this.” And he ran down to the sea and started to swim out towards the boat as fast as he could. (151 words)
参考范文2
Paragraph1:
At first the kids were playing “Pirates” with the little boat only a few yards from the beach. “Now I’m Captain Hook.” Kevin, prancing in a piece of worn canvas, claimed, “And Emma, I’ll appoint you my best sailor.” Emma squared her shoulder and nodded. They bounced, and then jumped on and off into the waves. But Kevin soon got bored. “Anyway, pirates need an adventure.” He narrowed his eyes and decided. Emma applauded with exhilaration, eyes sparkling. So their great sailing began. With cheerful songs pervading the little boat, it floated away from the shore.
Paragraph2:
On the beach, Uncle Jeff sat up slowly and scanned the shore for a sight of the children. Then he sprang up-there’ s no sign of them! Lips white, Uncle Jeff blundered towards the sea and shouted for the kids. “If only I hadn’t taken a nap.” He regretted. Suddenly, a black dot in the distance captured his eyes. A faint hope flickered in his breast and he waited, holding the breath. The dot got larger and larger, and finally turned out to be the boat. “Hey Uncle Jeff! We are back!” Yelled Kevin and Emma. Uncle Jeff sighed with relief.(161 words)
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物线索展开，讲述了在夏天，由于父亲没有提前订票，一家四口决定去找海边的杰夫叔叔度假，两个孩子特别喜欢海边，父母决定休息一下让杰夫叔叔照看孩子。杰夫叔叔给孩子们买了一艘充气小船让他们在海边玩耍，下午他趁机打了个盹。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“起初，孩子们正在离海滩几码远的小船上玩“海盗”游戏。”可知，第一段可描写孩子们玩“海盗”游戏的过程，之后他们想要冒险，结果船距离海岸越来越远。
②由第二段首句内容“在海滩上，杰夫叔叔慢慢地坐了起来，扫视着海岸，想看一眼孩子们。”可知，本段可描写杰夫叔叔醒来后发现孩子们不见了，急忙去找他们，最终两个孩子顺利回来的片段。
2.续写线索：艾玛和凯文玩“海盗”游戏——想要去更远的地方冒险——杰夫叔叔醒来没有看到孩子——杰夫叔叔立刻去寻找两个孩子——艾玛和凯文顺利回来
3.词汇激活
行为类
①鼓掌：applaud/clap
②弥漫，渗透：pervade/permeate
③吸引某人的注意：capture one’s eyes/catch one’s eyes
情绪类
①无聊的：bored/uninterested
②兴奋：exhilaration/excitement/thrill
③令人愉快的：cheerful/delightful/pleasant
【点睛】[高分句型1]. With cheerful songs pervading the little boat, it floated away from the shore. （运用了with的复合结构）
[高分句型2]. “If only I hadn’t taken a nap.” He regretted. （运用了虚拟语气：与过去事实相反）
[高分句型3]. A faint hope flickered in his breast and he waited, holding the breath. （运用了现在分词作状语）
听力答案：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.A
2022学年第一学期期中杭州地区(含周边)重点中学
高二年级英语学科试题
考生须知：
1. 本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟;
2. 答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。
3. 所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效;
4. 考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。
第I卷
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to do?
A. Eat out.
B. Cook dinner himself.
C. Have home-made food
2. How does the woman suggest the man go home?
A. By bus.
B. By taxi.
C. By car.
3. What does the woman think of her new roommate?
A. Careless.
B. Thoughtful.
C. Noisy.
4. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a hospital.
B. At home.
C. In a supermarket.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Insurance.
B. The woman’s job
C. A health plan.
第二节：(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Father and daughter.
B.Colleagues.
C.Schoolmates.
7.What would the $1,500 cash be used for?
A.Covering the school fees.
B.Paying for textbooks.
C.Holding parties.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Who are the speakers most likely to be?
A.Event organizers.
B.Concert performers.
C.Magazine editors.
9.What will happen to the jazz festival?
A. It will be staged this afternoon.
B. It will be covered in a magazine.
C. It will be advertised by a reporter.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why is the woman moving to Watertown?
A. She is starting her own business.
B.Her family lives in the area.
C. Her company will relocate.
11. What does the woman care most about the apartment?
A.The rent.
B.The size.
C.The location.
12.What will the speakers most likely do next?
A.Look for a three-bedroom apartment.
B. Go to the city center.
C. Schedule a visit.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What do we know about Barry’s parents?
AThey were both sports lovers.
B. They allowed him to develop hobbies.
C. They asked him to focus on his study.
14.What inspired Barry to be a violinist?
A. A TV program.
B.A musician.
C.A band.
15. What did Barry do after graduation?
A.He travelled with other young musicians.
B.He studied science courses for a year.
C.He went straight to learn music.
16. What does Harry mean in the end?
A. He will delay his world tour.
B. He is satisfied with his career.
C.He is looking for better chances.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What activity do people do most time in the center?
A.Water sports.
B. Rock climbing.
C.Mountain biking.
18. What does the speaker value most about activity centers?
A.Different experience.
B.Social interaction.
C.Sports entertainment.
19. What do participants do on the last afternoon?
A.Watch TV.
B.Sing songs together.
C.Play team games.
20.Who is the speaker?
A. A college student.
B.An activity organizer.
C. A participant in an activity center.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：(共15个小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
A
The pandemic has been particularly hard on people working for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all while others don’t interact with customers the same way. Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend:
FOOD AND DRINKS
Restaurant workers
OLD RULE:Leave a tip only when you dine in.
NEW RULE:Always tip, even for takeout.
TIP: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders.
HOME DELIVERIES
Package delivery drivers
OLD RULE:Don’t tip.
NEW RULE: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week.
TIP: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEx bans employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards).
PERSONAL SERVICES
Ride-share drivers
OLD RULE:Tip in cash.
NEW RULE:Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash.
TIP:15 to 20 percent.
Hotel housekeepers
OLD RULE: Tip at the end of your stay.
NEW RULE: Many hotels now do housekeeping by request only, so tip every time you ask them to come.
TIP:A few dollars per night, plus $5 for any extra requests, such as asking for additional toiletries.
Next time, you’re unsure whether a tip is in order, follow this simple rule: When in doubt, tip. “Tipping well is one way to make things easier for someone else.”
1. According to new rules, which of the following cannot get tips in cash or similar things?
A. A restaurant waiter.
B. A FedEx deliverer.
C. A Lyft driver.
D. A hotel housekeeper.
2. If the shared ride booked through the Uber App costs you 20 dollars, which tipping is appropriate?
A. Paying 22 dollars through the app.
B. Leaving a gift card.
C. Tipping 3 dollars in cash.
D. Offering a bag of snacks.
3. Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A research report.
B. A fashion magazine.
C. A short story.
D. An advice brochure.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用。文章主要介绍了大流行结束后对于某些行业小费的建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据HOME DELIVERIES部分的“And FedEx bans employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards).(联邦快递还禁止员工接受现金或现金等价物（如礼品卡）)”可知，根据新规定联邦快递的送货员不应该收小费以及类似的等价物。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据PERSONAL SERVICES部分的“Ride-share drivers(共享乘车司机)”，“The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash.(Lyft和Uber的应用程序允许你添加小费，但有些司机更喜欢现金支付)”和“TIP:15 to 20 percent.(小费：15%到20%)”可知，共享出行的小费是15%-20%。因此，如果通过优步应用程序预订的共享乘车花费20美元，那么小费应该是3美元到4美元现金。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend:(正如许多服务已经改变一样，小费也应该改变。一些旧的标准似乎不再公平，一些新的标准将在大流行结束后很长时间内适用。对于具体情况，专家建议如下：)”以及下文的具体建议推知，本文很有可能出自一本建议手册。故选D。
B
The 20-year-old student will be the first person to compete in the final of the Miss England contest without make-up in its nearly 100-year history, in an attempt to show girls they don’t have to wear it to feel beautiful.
Ms. Raouf, from south London, won a special “bare-face” round of the competition last week, strengthening her place in the final between 40 contestants on 17 October. But while previous winners of this round have returned to wearing make-up for the final, she will not. And if she wins, she says she will leave it off for the Miss World competition, hoping to “inspire the world”.
“I wanted to prove we have a choice,” she tells BBC News. Since last week’s bare-face round, Ms. Raouf has been “overwhelmed” by positive messages on social media. At her early age, Ms. Raouf was “significantly insecure”, and found comparing herself to the “unrealistic standard of beauty” shown on social media had a negative impact on her mental health. But as she got older she gained confidence-and she thinks taking part in the beauty contest, while “very scary” at the time, has increased this.
Ms. Raouf does not object to wearing make-up in general, and will still do so on other occasions. She only wants girls to place more value on their “inner beauty” rather than comparing themselves to others. “When you wear that amount of make-up you’re just concealing yourself. Remove all those layers and you’ll see who you truly are,” she adds.
Miss World was first organized in 1951 in the UK. Some of the rules of entry for the competition have not been changed since then. Miss England hopefuls cannot be older than 27 in their year of entry, and are not allowed to be married or have given birth to children. In 2018, Veronika Didusenko, who had been crowned Miss Ukraine, said the rules needed to change after she had her title taken away for being a mother.
Altering entry rules is difficult but not impossible. Some netizens commented, “Some contestants, Ms. Raouf included, use their platform to do something good in the world.”
4. Ms.Raouf won’t wear make-up in the final of the Miss England contest in order to .
A. prove girls’ natural charms
B. show her objection to make-up
C. get a better place in the final
D. challenge the competition rules
5. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The negative impact.
B. Her sense of insecurity.
C. Her confidence.
D. Her objection to make-up.
6. Who is qualified for the Miss World competition in the UK?
A. Sopher, 26, an engineer who is pregnant.
B. Laura, 23, a teacher at St Mary’s School Ascot.
C. Marbella, 28, a graduate from Glasgow University.
D. Jennifer, 25, a housewife who looks after all the household duties.
7. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Raouf?
A. Bold and confident.
B. Responsible and talented.
C. Honest and considerate.
D. Outgoing and determined.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述为了向女孩们展示她们不化妆就很美，Ms. Raouf决定在英国小姐的决赛上不化妆。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The 20-year-old student will be the first person to compete in the final of the Miss England contest without make-up in its nearly 100-year history, in an attempt to show girls they don’t have to wear it to feel beautiful.(这位20岁的学生将是近百年历史上第一位不化妆参加英国小姐大赛决赛的人，这是为了向女孩们展示她们不需要化妆就能感觉到美丽)”可知，Ms. Raouf去参加Miss England contest决赛而不化妆是为了向证明女孩的自然美。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“But as she got older she gained confidence-and she thinks taking part in the beauty contest, while “very scary” at the time, has increased this.(但随着年龄的增长，她获得了自信，虽然当时“非常可怕”，但她认为参加选美比赛增加了这一点)”可知，this指代上文的confidence，即参加选美比赛增加了她的自信。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Miss England hopefuls cannot be older than 27 in their year of entry, and are not allowed to be married or have given birth to children.(Miss England 候选人在入学年份不得超过27岁，不得结婚或生育子女)”并结合选项可知，作为圣玛丽学校的教师且现年23岁的劳拉符合Miss England 的要求。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The 20-year-old student will be the first person to compete in the final of the Miss England contest without make-up in its nearly 100-year history, in an attempt to show girls they don’t have to wear it to feel beautiful.(这位20岁的学生将是近百年历史上第一位不化妆参加英国小姐大赛决赛的人，这是为了向女孩们展示她们不需要化妆就能感觉到美丽)”可知，Ms. Raouf在英国小姐决赛时不会化妆，由此推知她很勇敢。根据第三段的“But as she got older she gained confidence-and she thinks taking part in the beauty contest, while “very scary” at the time, has increased this.(但随着年龄的增长，她获得了自信，虽然当时“非常可怕”，但她认为参加选美比赛增加了这一点)”推知，Ms. Raouf很有自信。故选A。
C
Grown-ups have long looked to childhood playthings for nostalgia(怀旧)，comfort or value as collections, inspiring a nickname within the toy industry: kidults. This market came of age during the pandemic as many Americans looked to reconnect with their past as a way of reducing stress, becoming a key driver of new sales of everything from games to trading cards.People aged 18 and up accounted for 14% of U.S. toy industry sales for the 12-month period ended June 30, according to market researcher NPD Group Inc., up from 9% in 2019. The $5.6 billion in sales to this group was up 26%, the second-biggest rise after customers aged 12 to 17. The most popular items for older consumers were building sets (think Legos),traditional plush (think stuffed animals) and action figures (think Star Wars and Marvel characters).
Toy executives and analysts see this moment differently than other periods of nostalgia-based buying. Instead of storing toys unopened on a shelf, adults are actively engaging with the dolls, stuffed animals and toy weapons many had previously put away after childhood. There is also broader social acceptance of kidult preferences, they say. A 2021 survey of 2,000 adults by the U.S. Toy Association found that more than 50% of adults bought toys and games for their own use.
Some of the world’s biggest toy companies are making a play for this emerging audience by creating adult-only e-commerce websites. One is Hasbro Inc., which makes everything from My Little Pony to Marvel and Star Wars action figures. Adults are also a newer focus for American Girl. When the company released the first six American Girl dolls in their original outfits in May 2021,roughly half went to grown-ups buying them for themselves.
Jamie Cygielman, the company president, says American Girl has only scratched the surface of future plans to attract more mature audiences into the stores. She saw the progress firsthand while seeing three separate groups of adult women celebrating birthdays with their dolls, no kids in sight.
8. What was the main factor for adults to buy toys during the pandemic?
A. The relief from stress.
B. The enjoyment for their own.
C. The value of toys.
D. Reconnection with their past.
9. What can we learn about kidults?
A. The toy selling to kidults is on the increase.
B. Adults favor Legos, stuffed animals and Snow White.
C. Adults tend to put away their toys during the pandemic.
D. Few people are in favor of kidult preferences.
10. What message is delivered according to Jamie Cygielman?
A. American Girl has a huge market.
B. American Girl appeals to adults well.
C. Kidults are easy to cheer up.
D. More future plans will be made to win kidults.
11. What’ s the best title of the passage?
A. The development of toy industry.
B. The kidult preferences for toys.
C. The benefits of childhood playthings.
D. The business of selling toys to your inner child.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了由于疫情原因，有越来越多的成年人开始转向童年的玩具，从而减轻压力。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This market came of age during the pandemic as many Americans looked to reconnect with their past as a way of reducing stress, becoming a key driver of new sales of everything from games to trading cards.(这个市场是在疫情期间形成的，当时许多美国人希望通过与过去的联系来减轻压力，成为从游戏到交易卡等各种新产品销售的关键驱动因素。)”可知，在疫情期间，成年人开始购买玩具是想缓解压力。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“People aged 18 and up accounted for 14% of U.S. toy industry sales for the 12-month period ended June 30, according to market researcher NPD Group Inc., up from 9% in 2019. The $5.6 billion in sales to this group was up 26%, the second-biggest rise after customers aged 12 to 17. The most popular items for older consumers were building sets (think Legos),traditional plush (think stuffed animals) and action figures (think Star Wars and Marvel characters).(根据市场研究机构NPD Group Inc.的数据，在截至6月30日的12个月期间，18岁及以上人群占美国玩具行业销售额的14%，高于2019年的9%。56亿美元的销售额增长了26%，仅次于12至17岁的顾客。最受老年消费者欢迎的是积木(如乐高)、传统毛绒玩具(如填充动物玩具)和动作人偶(如星球大战和漫威人物)。)”可推断，销售给成年人的玩具越来越多。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Jamie Cygielman, the company president, says American Girl has only scratched the surface of future plans to attract more mature audiences into the stores. She saw the progress firsthand while seeing three separate groups of adult women celebrating birthdays with their dolls, no kids in sight.(该公司总裁Jamie Cygielman表示，“美国女孩”还只是触及了未来吸引更成熟受众的表面计划。她亲眼看到三组不同的成年妇女带着她们的娃娃庆祝生日，看不到孩子，亲眼目睹了这一进展。)”可知，“美国女孩”只是面对成年人售出玩具的开始阶段，也就是说，还会有更多针对成年人售出玩具的机会。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Toy executives and analysts see this moment differently than other periods of nostalgia-based buying. Instead of storing toys unopened on a shelf, adults are actively engaging with the dolls, stuffed animals and toy weapons many had previously put away after childhood. There is also broader social acceptance of kidult preferences, they say. A 2021 survey of 2,000 adults by the U.S. Toy Association found that more than 50% of adults bought toys and games for their own use.(玩具业高管和分析师认为，这一时刻与以往基于怀旧的购买时期不同。成年人不再把未开封的玩具放在架子上，而是积极地玩起了娃娃、填充动物玩具和玩具武器，许多人在童年后就把它们收起来了。他们说，社会对儿童偏好的接受程度也在提高。2021年，美国玩具协会对2000名成年人进行的一项调查发现，超过50%的成年人购买玩具和游戏供自己使用。)”可知，文章主要介绍了成年人开始为了自己内心的童真而购买玩具。所以“The business of selling toys to your inner child.(玩具销售业务触及你的“童真”)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
D
It seems no one can really agree on the question of “What’s so funny?” So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design an AI that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. The scientists describe their innovative approach to building a funny bone for the Japanese android ‘Erica’ in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Robotics and AI.
“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(移情，共鸣)，”explained lead author Dr Koji Inoue, an assistant professor at Kyoto University in the Department of Intelligence Science and Technology within the Graduate School of Informatics. “One way a robot can empathize with users is to share their laughter.”
In the shared-laughter model, a human initially laughs and the Al system responds with laughter as an empathetic response. This approach required designing three subsystems-one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh, and a third to choose the type of appropriate laughter. The type of laughter is also important, because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter.
The team tested Erica’s new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system. Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue within the three different conditions- shared-laughter system, no laughter, all laughter- and evaluated the interactions based on human-likeness, naturalness and understanding. The shared-laughter system performed better than either baseline.
“Robots should actually have a distinct character, and we think that they can show this through their conversational behaviors, such as laughing, eye gaze, gestures and speaking style,” Inoue added. “We do not think this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”
12. What’s the purpose of raising the question “What’s so funny” at the beginning?
A. To show opinions on funny things.
B. To encourage readers to share their ideas.
C. To stress the difficulty of teaching a robot to laugh.
D. To emphasize the importance of being funny.
13. Which of the following explains the underlined phrase “the funny bone” in paragraph 1?
A. The sense of humor
B. The shared-laughter system
C. The speaking style
D. The distinct character
14. What is NOT needed in the research of the shared-laughter system?
A. Designing the subsystem to decide whether to laugh.
B. Assessing the interactions based on emotions.
C. Creating brief conversations between a human and Erica.
D. Asking people to listen to the previously created dialogues.
15 What is Inoue’s attitude towards conversational AI?
A. Indifferent
B. Suspicious
C. Optimistic
D. Objective
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍日本京都大学的研究人员设计了一种共享笑声的人工智能系统，可以对人类的笑声做出适当的反应，以便在对话中建立同理心。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It seems no one can really agree on the question of “What’s so funny?” So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design an AI that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. (似乎没有人能在“什么事这么好笑?”这个问题上达成一致意见。想象一下，你要教一个机器人如何笑。但这正是日本京都大学的一组研究人员正在试图设计的一种人工智能，它可以通过共享笑声系统获取线索。)”可推断，在一开始就提出“什么事这么好笑”这个问题的目的是强调教机器人笑的难度。故选C。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前句“So imagine trying to teach a robot how to laugh. But that’s exactly what a team of researchers at Kyoto University in Japan are trying to design an AI that takes its cues through a shared laughter system. (想象一下，你要教一个机器人如何笑。但这正是日本京都大学的一组研究人员正在试图设计的一种人工智能，它可以通过共享笑声系统获取线索。)”可知，日本科学家用创新方法为日本机器人“爱丽卡”制造幽默感。所以the funny bone为“幽默感”之意。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This approach required designing three subsystems-one to detect laughter, a second to decide whether to laugh, and a third to choose the type of appropriate laughter. The type of laughter is also important, because in some cases a polite chuckle may be more appropriate than a loud snort of laughter. (这种方法需要设计三个子系统——一个检测笑声，第二个决定是否要笑，第三个选择合适的笑声类型。笑的类型也很重要，因为在某些情况下，礼貌的轻笑可能比大声的哼声大笑更合适。)”和第四段“The team tested Erica’s new sense of humor by creating four different short dialogues between a person and Erica with her new shared-laughter system. Then they asked more than 130 people in total to listen to each dialogue within the three different conditions- shared-laughter system, no laughter, all laughter- and evaluated the interactions based on human-likeness, naturalness and understanding. (研究小组用艾丽卡新的分享笑声系统，在一个人和她之间创造了四段不同的简短对话，以此来测试她的新幽默感。然后，他们让130多人在三种不同的条件下(分享笑声、无笑声、全笑声)听每段对话，并根据与人的相似度、自然度和理解力来评估这些互动。)”可知，共享笑系统的研究不需要基于情绪评估互动。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Robots should actually have a distinct character, and we think that they can show this through their conversational behaviors, such as laughing, eye gaze, gestures and speaking style,” Inoue added. “We do not think this is an easy problem at all, and it may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.” (井上补充说：“机器人实际上应该具有鲜明的性格，我们认为它们可以通过对话行为表现出这一点，比如大笑、眼神凝视、手势和说话风格。”“我们不认为这是一个简单的问题，很可能需要10到20年以上的时间，我们才能最终与机器人像与朋友一样随意聊天。”)”可推断，井上对对话AI的态度是客观的。故选D。
第二节： (共 5 小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you ever feel like you are not the person other people think you are? Learning to be comfortable in your skin can be difficult, and you may imagine yourself as a different person entirely. Reinvent yourself. ____16____ Before you can understand who you want to be, it is crucial to know what makes you stand out. ____17____Learning what makes you different is an important part of self-discovery. Everybody has special gifts and talents. By listing positive qualities, you separate yourself from the potentially negative influence and pressure of those around you.
Discover what is holding you back. Fears, anxieties, insecurities and self-criticism can prevent you from changing yourself for the better. ____18____Every time you feel a burst of fear or self-doubt, stop yourself and ask “why do I feel this way?” Once you know why you are nervous, you can take steps to overcome those insecurities and obstacles.
Write down your goals. Before you can become who you want to be, you have to realize who this new person is. Record all of your desires and goals. Each goal should be realistic and positive while focusing on yourself._____19_____If you’ve never played golf before, it might not be realistic that you will become a famous golfer, but it may be realistic that you can learn how to play. Positive means that the goals are good things that will happen to you. Remove any negativity from your dream list.
Find an adviser. Perhaps you are struggling in a new career or you want to make a difference in your community. Ask an experienced person in that area to guide you. Meet once a week or month to discuss your goals. Your adviser will share the struggles that he faced getting to the point where he is now. ____20____
A. Figure out your potential.
B. Identify what makes you unique.
C. The goal should be about yourself, not other people.
D. Realistic means that the dream is reasonable and can be achieved.
E. Such self-destructive thoughts stop you before your reinventing yourself.
F. He can offer you tips on your hurdles and help you realize your potential.
G. Impossible as it seems, you can become the person you always wanted to be.
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有时候人很难学会自在地面对自己，并就如何才能自己想成为的人给出一定的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Learning to be comfortable in your skin can be difficult, and you may imagine yourself as a different person entirely. Reinvent yourself. (学会自在地面对自己可能很困难，你可能会把自己想象成一个完全不同的人。彻底改造自己)”可知，上文提到人很难面对真实的自我，但是是可以改造自己的。选项G“Impossible as it seems, you can become the person you always wanted to be. (虽然看起来不可能，但你可以成为你一直想成为的人)”承上启下，承接上文表明你可以成为自己想成为的人，同时引出下文的建议，符合句意。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Learning what makes you different is an important part of self-discovery.(了解是什么让你与众不同是自我发现的重要组成部分)”可知，空处指的是要找到自己与众不同的地方。选项B“Identify what makes you unique. (找出你的独特之处)”与下文内容一致。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据空前“Fears, anxieties, insecurities and self-criticism can prevent you from changing yourself for the better. (恐惧、焦虑、不安和自我批评会阻止你向更好的方向改变自己)”可知，这些都是阻碍个人成长的绊脚石。选项E“Such self-destructive thoughts stop you before your reinventing yourself. (在你重塑自我之前，这种自我毁灭的想法会阻止你)”与上文内容一致。故选E。
【19题详解】
根据空前“Each goal should be realistic and positive while focusing on yourself.(每个目标都应该是现实和积极的，同时关注自己)”可知，目标应该是现实的，可实现的。再根据空后“If you’ve never played golf before, it might not be realistic that you will become a famous golfer, but it may be realistic that you can learn how to play. Positive means that the goals are good things that will happen to you. (如果你以前从未打过高尔夫球，你成为一个著名的高尔夫球手可能是不现实的，但你可以学习如何打高尔夫球可能是现实的。积极的意思是目标是会发生在你身上的好事)”可知，作者认为目标应该是根据自身实际情况制定的可实现的。选项D“Realistic means that the dream is reasonable and can be achieved. (现实的意思是梦想是合理的，可以实现的)”符合上下文内容。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文内容“Perhaps you are struggling in a new career or you want to make a difference in your community. Ask an experienced person in that area to guide you. Meet once a week or month to discuss your goals. Your adviser will share the struggles that he faced getting to the point where he is now.(也许你正在一份新的职业中挣扎，或者你想在你的社区中有所作为。请在这方面有经验的人来指导你。每周或每月见面一次，讨论你的目标。你的顾问会和你分享他达到现在的成就所面临的困难)”可知，本段主要内容是找一个顾问，和他分析你目前的情况，这样才能更好地实现目标，早日成为自己想成为的人。选项F“He can offer you tips on your hurdles and help you realize your potential.(他可以在你遇到困难时提供建议，帮助你实现自己的潜力)”仍然提到的是这个顾问可以给你的帮助，与上文内容一致。故选F。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A photo, shot in the Luding earthquake, soon went viral(迅速传播). In the photo, a 20-year-old firefighter, Zhang Zili, was ____21____holding a 2-month-old baby,_____22_____the hearts of people. People nouiced the word “Wenchuan” on Zhang’s left armband. Zhang, born in 2002 in a county neighboring Wenchuan, was hence lovingly referred to as “Wenchuan Brother”.
On May 12,2008, Zhang was attending a ____23____class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck. He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____24____what was going on.____25____, the People’s Liberation Army came to their rescue. He ____26____how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____27____ and offered instant noodles to locals. One ____28____even hugged and comforted Zhang, saying “Don’t be ____29____,we are here now”. The words left a deep impression on Zhang.
This year when the Wenchuan brigade(消防队)was _____30_____firefighters, he did not hesitate to join, hoping to save people just like the PLA soldiers. In less than four months, he has taken part in several forest firefighting _____31_____and rescue operations. By Thursday, Zhang’s brigade had urgently _____32_____two rescue channels in the baby’s village to transport the villagers.
Actually, many Wenchuan Brothers have participated in the search and rescue operations for the Luding earthquake. Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade, many are _____33_____from Wenchuan. With an average age of 27, they _____34_____the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing_____35_____difficulties.
21. A. firmly B. relaxingly C. eagerly D. tenderly
22. A. touching B. breaking C. opening D. freezing
23. A. Chinese B. sports C. maths D. music
24. A. wondering B. doubting C. expecting D. knowing
25. A. Long before B. Shortly afterwards C. To their surprise D. As a consequence
26. A. acknowledged B. indicated C. recalled D. commented
27. A. tents B. bridges C. roads D. houses
28. A. classmate B. teacher C. parent D. soldier
29. A. hesitant B. afraid C. angry D. shy
30. A. training B. organizing C. recruiting D. calling
31. A. scenes B. missions C. procedures D. routines
32. A. set up B. made up C. built up D. taken up
33. A. volunteers B. members C. immigrants D. locals
34. A. understood B. imagined C. experienced D. remembered
35. A. particular B. endless C. similar D. increasing
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述“汶川哥哥”张自立：6岁经历地震，长大后当上消防员。在泸定地震救援中，他抱着一名婴儿转移的照片感动网友。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：照片中，20岁的消防员张自立温柔地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，感动了人们的心。A. firmly坚定地；B. relaxingly轻松地；C. eagerly渴望地；D. tenderly温柔地。根据“holding a 2-month-old baby,”可知，因为抱着的是一个2个月大的婴儿，所以是轻轻地，温柔地抱着。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：照片中，20岁的消防员张自立温柔地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，感动了人们的心。A. touching感动；B. breaking打破；C. opening打开；D. freezing冻结。根据“A photo, shot in the Luding earthquake, soon went viral(迅速传播).”和“the hearts of people”可知，照片能够迅速走红，是因为这张照片感动了人们的心。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2008年5月12日，当里氏8.0级地震发生时，张正在上体育课。A. Chinese语文；B. sports体育；C. maths数学；D. music音乐。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____4____what was going on.”可知，地震时在操场上，所以推断当时正在上体育课。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和他的同学在操场上哭，不知道发生了什么。A. wondering想知道；B. doubting怀疑；C. expecting期望；D. knowing知道。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground,”可知，哭的原因是不知道发生了什么。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：不久之后，中国人民解放军前来救援。A. Long before很近以前；B. Shortly afterwards此后不久；C. To their surprise令他们失望的是；D. As a consequence结果。根据“the People’s Liberation Army came to their rescue.”可知，这里指地震不久之后，军队救援来了。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起紧急物资如何从直升机空投，解放军士兵如何搭建帐篷，向当地人提供泡面。A. acknowledged承认；B. indicated指示；C. recalled回忆；D. commented评论。根据“how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____7____ and offered instant noodles to locals.”可知，这里指后来张自立回忆解放军士兵地震救援的场面。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起紧急物资如何从直升机空投，解放军士兵如何搭建帐篷，向当地人提供泡面。A. tents帐篷；B. bridges桥；C. roads道路；D. houses房子。根据“On May 12,2008, Zhang was attending a ____3____class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck.”可知，因为发生的是8级大地震，所以搭建的是帐篷。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名士兵甚至拥抱并安慰张，说：“不要害怕，我们现在在这里。”A. classmate同学；B. teacher教师；C. parent父母；D. soldier士兵。根据“He ____6____how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____7____ and offered instant noodles to locals.”可知，当时一名解放军士兵拥抱并安慰张自立。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一名士兵甚至拥抱并安慰张，说：“不要害怕，我们现在在这里。”A. hesitant犹豫的；B. afraid害怕的；C. angry生气的；D. shy害羞的。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____4____what was going on.”可知，张自立和同学们因为害怕大哭，所以解放军士兵安慰他不要害怕。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，当汶川大队招募消防员时，他毫不犹豫地加入了，希望能像解放军战士一样救人。A. training培训；B. organizing组织；C. recruiting征兵；招募；D. calling打电话。根据“he did not hesitate to join, hoping to save people just like the PLA soldiers.”可知，这里指汶川招募消防员，张自立毫不犹豫加入。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在不到四个月的时间里，他参加了几次森林消防任务和救援行动。A. scenes情景；B. missions使命、任务；C. procedures程序；D. routines常规。根据“and rescue operations.”可知，这里指故张自立当上消防员之后，参加森林灭火任务。选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：到周四，张队伍已经在婴儿所在的村庄紧急建立了两条救援通道，将村民们运送过来。A. set up建立；B. made up组成；C. built up建立；D. taken up占据。根据“two rescue channels in the baby’s village to transport the villagers.”可知，为了转移村民而建立的救援通道。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在来自汶川大队的74人中，很多是汶川本地人。 A. volunteers志愿者；B. members成员；C. immigrants移民；D. locals当地人。根据“With an average age of 27, they ____14____the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing____15____difficulties.”可知，这支消防大队中，很多都是汶川本地人。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们平均年龄27岁，经历了汶川地震，想要帮助面临同样困难的人。A. understood理解；B. imagined想象；C. experienced体验、经历；D. remembered记得。根据“Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade, many are ____13____from Wenchuan.”可知，因为是汶川本地人，所以经历了地震。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们平均年龄27岁，经历了汶川地震，想要帮助面临同样困难的人。A. particular特别的；B. endless无止境的；C. similar相似的、同样的；D. increasing增加的。根据“With an average age of 27, they ____14____the Wenchuan earthquake”可知，因为经历过汶川地震，所以希望帮助面临同样困难的人。故选C。
第II卷
注意：将答案写在答题卷上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二节：(共10个小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teenage years are one of the most exciting yet ____36____(confuse) stages in a person’s life. You are at a time of____37____(explore), trying to find out your preferences, one of which ____38____(be)your pastime(消遣).
Some pastimes have no moral implications(影响). ____39____ , there are other choices that need to be made based on your values and principles in life. Some examples include skipping school to watch a movie with some friends, or even attending a party____40____there will be alcohol and drugs freely given out. How do you respond?
However, it is okay to say no to anything that is illegal, ____41____(potential) causes harm or is hurtful to you or others. You may be afraid to refuse for fear of losing friends but do not let that stop you ____42____standing up to peer pressure. If your friends are true friends, they will respect your decision and not force you to join them.
There are some steps you may take____43____(avoid) negative peer pressure. Firstly, stay away from friends who force you to do things that you know are wrong. Next, be true to ____44____(you) and stand up for ____45____you believe in. And if a situation gets out of hand, do not hesitate to approach an adult you trust for help.
【答案】36. confusing
37. exploration
38. is 39. However##Nevertheless
40. where 41. potentially
42. from 43. to avoid
44. yourself##yourselves
45. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍青少年如何找到正确的娱乐活动和真正的朋友，以及如何避免来自同伴的负面压力。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：青少年是一个人一生中最令人兴奋但最令人困惑的阶段之一。空处应用形容词修饰stages，修饰物，表示事物的特征，表示“令人困惑的”应用confusing。故填confusing。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：你正处于探索的时期，试图找出你的喜好，其中之一就是你的消遣。空处应填名词作宾语，exploration“探索”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填exploration。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意同上。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，“one of+n”作主语，谓语动词用单数，且本句陈述客观事实，故填is。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，还有其他需要根据你的价值观和生活原则做出的选择。结合语境和上文“Some pastimes have no moral implications(影响)”可知，上下文为转折关系，应用however/nevertheless连接。故填However/Nevertheless。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一些例子包括逃学去和一些朋友看电影，甚至参加一个聚会，那里会免费发放酒精和毒品。空处引导非定语从句，先行词是party，关系词代词它在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，对任何违法、可能造成伤害或对你或他人造成伤害的事情说不是可以的。修饰动词causes应用副词。故填potentially。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：你可能害怕拒绝，因为害怕失去朋友，但不要让这阻止你面对同伴的压力。此处为固定短语stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故填from。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以采取一些措施来避免负面的同伴压力。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，即采取措施的目的是避免负面的同伴压力。故填to avoid。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：其次，做真实的自己，坚持你所相信的。此处是祈使句，暗含的主语是you，当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语用反身代词，此处指“你（们）自己”用yourself/yourselves。故填yourself/yourselves。
【45题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上。空出引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校即将举办一场以“人工智能”为主题的专家讲座。请你写一封邮件，邀请你的交换生朋友Chris一起参加。内容包括：
1. 讲座时间、地点；
2. 讲座内容；
3. 期待回复。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
Knowing that you are keen on artificial intelligence, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to participate in such a lecture.
Featuring the application of AI, the two-hour lecture is scheduled to be held at 2 p.m. this Sunday in the school auditorium, which will never fail to expose participants to scientific and technological innovation. The operating principles and potential dangers of AI are included as well. Then follows a lively question-and-answer session. I do hope that you won’t miss the golden chance.
Anticipating your prompt reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生交换生朋友Chris写一封信，邀请他参加你校即将举办以“人工智能”为主题的专家讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be keen on →be interested in
参加：participate in →take part in
机会：chance →opportunity
期望：anticipate → expect/look forward to
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing that you are keen on artificial intelligence, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to participate in such a lecture.
拓展句：Because I know that you are keen on artificial intelligence, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to participate in such a lecture.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Featuring the application of AI, the two-hour lecture is scheduled to be held at 2 p.m. this Sunday in the school auditorium, which will never fail to expose participants to scientific and technological innovation. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] I do hope that you won’t miss the golden chance. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整故事。
It was summer. Everyone was going away on holiday except for Kevin, Emma and their parents. Dad hadn’t booked a trip and it was too late. Everything was booked up.
Kevin had an idea. “Uncle Jeff’s got a holiday house by the sea. Let’s go and stay with him.” “Oh NO!” said Mum, “Not with Uncle Jeff.” And the thought of staying with his brother was enough to make Dad surf the Internet again for holiday cottages by the sea. But they had no luck.
On the first of August, the tyres of Dad’s big blue car crunched up the driveway of Uncle Jeff’s country house by the sea. “I’ll take the kids to the beach so that Mum and Dad can have some time together. ”Uncle Jeff offered. Although Dad thought it did sound rather nice, he said, “It’s alright Jeff. We’ll look after the kids.”
Kevin and Emma loved everything to do with the beach-digging sandcastles, eating ice cream, and diving into the waves. Mum and Dad both wore big floppy hats, put on sun cream, and read big fat paper back books nearby. The routine of beach during the day continued. But when Dad had read to the end of his book, he mentioned to Mom it would be nice to have a break from the kids. Mom applauded.
The next day they gave Uncle Jeff instructions for looking after the kids. They mustn’t swim too far out to sea. And Jeff said, “Right-oh. Got ya.”, which didn’t make Mum feel at all reassured.
But he did watch them while they were swimming. He even bought them a little inflatable boat, so that they could have some fun floating on it and jumping on and off into the waves. Uncle Jeff watched the kids play all morning, but in the afternoon he decided that it would probably be alright if he allowed himself a short nap.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
At first the kids were playing “Pirates” with the little boat only a few yards from the beach.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
On the beach, Uncle Jeff sat up slowly and scanned the shore for a sight of the children.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文1
Paragraph 1:
At first the kids were playing “Pirates” with the little boat only a few yards from the beach. But gradually the waves and their game took them a little further out. They were still among the swimmers and the wind surfers, but Emma said, “Kevin, I think we ought to go back in,” and they both leant over the boat and started to paddle with their hands. But instead of returning to the beach, they were pulled further out by the current. “Oh no. I think we are in trouble,” said Emma. And even Kevin felt frightened.
Paragraph2:
On the beach, Uncle Jeff sat up slowly and scanned the shore for a sight of the children. He couldn’t see them anywhere, but he said to himself, “I expect they’ve gone to buy an ice cream.” Then a black dot in the distance captured his eyes. “They look a bit like Kevin and Emma. Oh no. I’m going to be in a heap of trouble for this.” And he ran down to the sea and started to swim out towards the boat as fast as he could. (151 words)
参考范文2
Paragraph1:
At first the kids were playing “Pirates” with the little boat only a few yards from the beach. “Now I’m Captain Hook.” Kevin, prancing in a piece of worn canvas, claimed, “And Emma, I’ll appoint you my best sailor.” Emma squared her shoulder and nodded. They bounced, and then jumped on and off into the waves. But Kevin soon got bored. “Anyway, pirates need an adventure.” He narrowed his eyes and decided. Emma applauded with exhilaration, eyes sparkling. So their great sailing began. With cheerful songs pervading the little boat, it floated away from the shore.
Paragraph2:
On the beach, Uncle Jeff sat up slowly and scanned the shore for a sight of the children. Then he sprang up-there’ s no sign of them! Lips white, Uncle Jeff blundered towards the sea and shouted for the kids. “If only I hadn’t taken a nap.” He regretted. Suddenly, a black dot in the distance captured his eyes. A faint hope flickered in his breast and he waited, holding the breath. The dot got larger and larger, and finally turned out to be the boat. “Hey Uncle Jeff! We are back!” Yelled Kevin and Emma. Uncle Jeff sighed with relief.(161 words)
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物线索展开，讲述了在夏天，由于父亲没有提前订票，一家四口决定去找海边的杰夫叔叔度假，两个孩子特别喜欢海边，父母决定休息一下让杰夫叔叔照看孩子。杰夫叔叔给孩子们买了一艘充气小船让他们在海边玩耍，下午他趁机打了个盹。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“起初，孩子们正在离海滩几码远的小船上玩“海盗”游戏。”可知，第一段可描写孩子们玩“海盗”游戏的过程，之后他们想要冒险，结果船距离海岸越来越远。
②由第二段首句内容“在海滩上，杰夫叔叔慢慢地坐了起来，扫视着海岸，想看一眼孩子们。”可知，本段可描写杰夫叔叔醒来后发现孩子们不见了，急忙去找他们，最终两个孩子顺利回来的片段。
2.续写线索：艾玛和凯文玩“海盗”游戏——想要去更远的地方冒险——杰夫叔叔醒来没有看到孩子——杰夫叔叔立刻去寻找两个孩子——艾玛和凯文顺利回来
3.词汇激活
行为类
①鼓掌：applaud/clap
②弥漫，渗透：pervade/permeate
③吸引某人的注意：capture one’s eyes/catch one’s eyes
情绪类
①无聊的：bored/uninterested
②兴奋：exhilaration/excitement/thrill
③令人愉快的：cheerful/delightful/pleasant
【点睛】[高分句型1]. With cheerful songs pervading the little boat, it floated away from the shore. （运用了with的复合结构）
[高分句型2]. “If only I hadn’t taken a nap.” He regretted. （运用了虚拟语气：与过去事实相反）
[高分句型3]. A faint hope flickered in his breast and he waited, holding the breath. （运用了现在分词作状语）
听力答案：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.A
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