【期中真题】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题（缺作文答案）.zip

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2022-2023学年南师附中高三上学期期中
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A

This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them.
Object Placement
·Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors.
·All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.
Open Display
·All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage.
·All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.
Recommendations
Distance
Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s length”(taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier)
700mm
*In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm.
Cased Objects
·All cased displays should fall within the general optimum（最优的）viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.
·Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind.
·Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure.

1. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums ______.
A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis
B. are most famous for its large collection
C. make generous donations to the disabled
D. value the experiences of all visitors
2. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must ______.
A. be equipped with anti-theft system
B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm
C. receive approval from the museum first
D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man
3. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ______.
A. 1250mm B. 950mm
C. 650mm D. 450mm
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。这份文件规定了格拉斯哥博物馆的陈列标准。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Object Placement部分第二句“All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.”（所有的展品，不论大小写，都必须被所有人看到，包括身材矮小或坐在轮椅上的人。）可知，Glasgow Museums珍惜所有游客的体验。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Open Display部分第二句“All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.”（所有被确定为可能公开展示的物品都必须经过博物馆保安经理的检查并在物品对物品的基础上达成一致。）可知，公开展出的物品必须先得到博物馆的批准。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Cased Objects部分第一句“All cased displays should fall within the general optimum（最优的）viewing band of 750-2000mm.”（所有的展品都应该在750-2000毫米的最佳观察范围内。）可知，一位母亲和她10岁的儿子面对一颗950毫米高的玻璃柜里的钻石，可能都感到很舒服。故选B。
B
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown. for instance. that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our shot-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal. says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
“Hunger isn’t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal.” Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones, depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling fuller when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calorie shake.
What does this means for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves in to eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
4. which of the following affects our appetite and food intake according to the author?
A When we eat our meals.
B. How fast we eat our meals.
C. What ingredients the food contains.
D How we perceive the food we eat.
5. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?
A. You would not feel so hungry.
B. You would have a good appetite.
C. You would not feel like eating at all.
D You would be more particular about food.
6. Which of the following works best if we plan to control our appetite?
A. Picking dishes of the right size.
B. Tricking ourselves into eating less.
C. Choosing food with fewer calories.
D. Concentrating on food while eating.
7. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.
B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
C. Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.
D. Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过提出几项研究，讲述了我们的食欲和食物摄入量还受到大量因素的影响，包括我们的饮食环境和我们对面前食物的感知。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.(近年来，越来越多的研究表明，除了我们对能量的生物需求外，我们的食欲和食物摄入量还受到大量因素的影响，包括我们的饮食环境和我们对面前食物的感知。) ”可知，调查显示，吃东西的环境和我们对食物的感知也会影响着我们对食物的胃口和摄入。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of the, m—in other words, how much they remembered eating.(在用餐几小时后，人们的饥饿水平不是由他们吃了多少来预测的，而是由他们在餐桌前看到了多少食物，换句话说，他们记得吃了多少。)”可推出，如果人们记得自己曾吃过很多东西，他们就会感到不那么饿。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.(布伦斯特伦说，所谓的正念进食策略可以对抗干扰，帮助我们控制食欲。)”可知，Brunstrom的研究表明，专注地吃东西可以帮助我们控制胃口。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了影响我们饥饿水平的一些心理原因，例如文章第一段“our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.(我们的饮食环境和我们对面前食物的感知。)”、第三段“A new study suggested that our shot-term memory also may play a role in appetite.(一项新的研究表明，我们的短期记忆也可能对食欲起作用。)”等，对食物的感知、饮食环节、标签作用等，都是一些影响人们饥饿水平的心理原因。故选B项。
C
If you start a sentence with, “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.
“The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.”
“Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
“Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
8. What does the author say about people making decisions?
A. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
B. They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves.
C. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
D. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
9. When do people feel less decision fatigue?
A. When they take decision shortcuts.
B. When they have advisers to turn to.
C. When they have major decisions to make.
D. When they help others to make decisions.
10. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
A. They avoid trying anything new.
B. They turn to physicians for advice.
C. They tend to make risky decisions.
D. They adopt a totally new perspective.
11. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
A. It will enable people to be more creative.
B. It will more often than not end in regret.
C. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
D. It is likely to bring about serious consequences.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍决策疲劳的概念、行为表现及后果，还说明了在决策中承担一定风险的重要性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.（我们自己的决策能力可能会经历一整天后耗尽，导致我们犹豫不决或做出糟糕的选择，但为他人做选择是一项令人愉快的任务，此时不会遇到这种困难。）”可知，为他人做决策的时候不会觉得疲劳，而为自己做决定时，尤其是过了一整天，做了太多的决定后，就会变得十分疲劳。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.（但是当你在为他人做决定时，你就不会轻易产生决策疲劳。）”可知，当我们帮助他人做决定的时候，我们就没有感到决策疲劳。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的第三句“When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo.（人们变得决策疲劳时——当他们厌倦了做决定时——他们往往会选择维持现状。）”可知，人们变得决策疲劳时，他们往往会选择维持现状，也就是避免尝试新的事物。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.（为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。）”可知，要想实现既定目标，在决策过程中冒一定的风险是十分重要的。故选C项。
D
I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – “Do We Need It?” and “Put It in Its Place”– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine.
If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. I consider this unhealthy. I want to be better at moving on.
So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love. Can I go full Kondo? I will try. One central idea is to clean by category. You start by collecting all clothes and gathering them together for consideration. It makes you rethink how you organize. Next, hold each item and ask if it brings you joy. This way you’re choosing what to keep. And that’s how I find myself with all my clothes on my bedroom floor. My wife walks by and gives me a look that says I’m nuts. She’s probably not wrong.
Somewhere near the bottom of this chaos is my special jacket. I move through the pile: pants, shirts, suits and shoes. Then my last category: jackets. I haven’t worn the thing in about 30 years. Somehow, it has survived. Now that I’m striving to follow Kondo – surely, its time has come?
I hold it in my hand. There is a tear just below the collar that widens as I hold it. It’s literally falling apart. Will I ever wear it again? Not a chance. Does it feel good to wear? Does it bring me joy? Actually, yes. At this moment, my daughter walks in. She asks about the jacket. I tell her the story. She thinks I should keep it. It’s cool and unique and full of memories. She is arguing that nostalgia (怀念) is the very reason.
I’m not entirely convinced by my daughter’s arguments. I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.
12. What does the underlined word “discarded” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. adjusted B. reserved C. abandoned D. tidied
13. What drives the author to read The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up?
A. To learn how to categorize. B. To improve his tidying skills.
C. To persuade his family members. D. To develop passion for minimalism.
14. What is the attitude of the author’s family members toward minimalism?
A. They don’t understand it. B. They completely support it.
C. They are strongly opposed to it. D. They are less passionate about it.
15. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Knowing when to let go B. Classifying what you love
C. Throwing worn-out clothes D. Keeping valuable possessions
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文中作者喜欢完全的极简主义风格，但家人并不支持他，为了提高整理技巧，作者去读了《改变生活的整理魔法》。在整理满地的衣服时，作者发现了难以舍弃的夹克衫，又把它放在了“保留”堆里。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. ”（说实话，我自己的整理技能并没有我想要的那么好。我的“discarded”堆从来都不是我想要的垃圾山，因为我为东西为什么有用找借口）可知，爱整理的作者，整理出来要扔弃的不是自己想要的垃圾山。故划线词意思是丢弃，近义词是abandoned。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I want to be better at moving on.”(我想更好地继续前进)以及第三段“So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love.”（所以，这次我找到了帮助——为像我这样的人准备的经典书籍:近藤麻理惠的《改变生活的整理魔法》。近藤对她的技艺的投入是惊人的。她的哲学是只保留自己喜欢的东西）可知，提高他的整理技巧是驱使作者去读《改变生活的整理魔法》。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – ‘Do We Need It?’ and ‘Put It in Its Place’– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine. ”（我喜欢扔掉东西。我喜欢完全的极简主义风格，但我的妻子和两个十几岁的孩子不喜欢我那种几乎什么都没有的房子的梦想。我已经试过了。当孩子们还小的时候，我教他们我最喜欢的两个游戏——“我们需要它吗?”和《放回原处》——每隔几个月就让他们演奏一次。他们的热情永远比不上我）可知，家人们对极简主义不那么有激情。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据最后一段“I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.”（我相信向前看，而不是向后看。然而，有时候放手是很难的。所以我轻轻地把夹克放在“保留”那一堆）可知，作者一直坚持极简主义风格，但是在整理过程中也遇到了难以取舍的物品，所以本文围绕着“在收纳过程中知道什么时候放手”的主题展开。“知道什么时候放手”适合做最佳标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
There are only a few truly pleasant smells to wake up to in the morning. It might be the aroma of freshly baked bread, or the scent of your freshly brushed teeth—but for me, it’s the smell of freshly brewed coffee. ____16____
If you’re a big fan of coffee, you’ll understand that opening a new packet of coffee releases an amazing smell—fresh, roasted coffee beans. Delicious! And if you’ve got a nose for the stuff, you’ll be able to identify the beans’ origin - Colombia, Vietnam or Brazil—the world’s biggest coffee producer. Tim Hayward is a food writer and coffee shop owner. ____17____ “When you walk into the coffee shop in the morning and that smell hits you, you’re getting physiological(生理上的) responses, ” he told the BBC.
I know from experience when I walk into a café for my double espresso or flat white, my mouth begins to water in anticipation. ____18____
However, this feeling sometimes turns to disappointment when I actually start drinking my hot beverage—the taste just doesn’t match the smell.. This is particularly the case when I order a coffee to go in a tall paper cup and sip the liquid through a hole in the lid. ____19____
Tim Hayward describes this process as “weird” and “baffling”. He says, “You walk into the coffee shop, you get the smell, but when you actually take the drink out, you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but prevent any smell coming up to your nose.”
____20____ In 2011, it was estimated that 2.5 billion coffee cups were thrown away each year in the UK, and that figure is likely to be higher now. So maybe now is the time to really wake up and smell the coffee by drinking from a cup or mug in a café, chatting with friends and saving the planet.
A. He believes the smell is absolutely vital.
B. Coffee beans’ origin makes all the difference.
C. In a word, saving our planet is on the top of our agenda.
D. Yes, it’s convenient, but is it really the right way to appreciate it?
E. As well as eliminating the smell, takeaway coffee cups create a lot of waste.
F. Although it’s the caffeine hit I’m after, it’s the smell that makes me feel good.
G. Just a sniff of it makes me jump out of bed and rush to the kitchen for a coffee.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. F 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲了早晨醒来，闻到咖啡的香味，喝一杯纯正的咖啡，是一种莫大的享受，但因为外带咖啡的出现，不仅过滤掉了咖啡的香气，还造成了环境污染。
【16题详解】
上文“There are only a few truly pleasant smells to wake up to in the morning. (早晨醒来时真正令人愉快的气味只有几种。)”可知，作者提出“令人愉快的气味”这一概念，下文“but for me, it’s the smell of freshly brewed coffee. (但对我来说，它是刚煮好的咖啡的香味。)”可以推出，后文是想说咖啡的香味对作者的影响。G项“只要闻一下它的味道，我就会从床上跳起来，冲到厨房去喝咖啡。”与前后文有顺承递进关系。故选G项。
【17题详解】
上文“Tim Hayward is a food writer and coffee shop owner. (蒂姆·海沃德是一位美食作家和咖啡店老板。)”介绍被采访者身份信息，下文“When you walk into the coffee shop in the morning and that smell hits you, you’re getting physiological responses,” he told the BBC. (他在接受BBC采访时表示：“当你早上走进咖啡店，闻到咖啡的香味时，你会产生生理反应。)”可以推出，空处需要填的是蒂姆·海沃德对于咖啡香气的观点——非常重要，因为闻到了咖啡香味甚至会产生生理反应。A项“他认为气味是绝对重要的。”符合文意，且选项中的“He”对应前文Tim Hayward。故选A项。
【18题详解】
上文“I know from experience when I walk into a café for my double espresso or flat white, my mouth begins to water in anticipation. (根据我的经验，当我走进咖啡厅去点双份浓缩咖啡或馥芮白的时候，我就会因为期待而开始流口水。)”可知，作者“根据自己的经验”指的是会因为咖啡的香味走进一家咖啡店，并且作者一般会点一些重咖啡因的无糖咖啡，并且会因为闻到了气味而感到期待。F项“虽然我追求的是咖啡因，但让我感觉良好的是它的味道。”对前文有总结作用。故选F项。
【19题详解】
上文“This is particularly the case when I order a coffee to go in a tall paper cup and sip the liquid through a hole in the lid. (当我点了一杯装在高纸杯里的咖啡，然后通过杯盖上的一个洞喝咖啡时，这种情况尤其明显。)”可知，作者发现用咖啡杯喝咖啡最容易感到失望，下文“Tim Hayward describes this process as “weird” and “baffling”.(蒂姆•海沃德将这一过程描述为“怪异”和“令人困惑”。) ”和“you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but prevent any smell coming up to your nose.” (你喝的是某种设计好的东西，它能让热液体直接经过你的舌头，但防止任何气味进入你的鼻子。”)”用蒂姆·海沃德解释了作者发现的这一现象。由此可以推出，空处需要填一句话将上下文段联系在一起。D项“是的，这很方便，但这真的是欣赏咖啡的正确方式吗？”符合文意，选项中“it”指的是用咖啡杯喝咖啡很方便。故选D项。
【20题详解】
上文“you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but prevent any smell coming up to your nose.” (你喝的是某种设计好的东西，它能让热液体直接经过你的舌头，但防止任何气味进入你的鼻子。”)”可知，咖啡杯会过滤掉咖啡的香气，下文“In 2011, it was estimated that 2.5 billion coffee cups were thrown away each year in the UK, and that figure is likely to be higher now. So maybe now is the time to really wake up and smell the coffee by drinking from a cup or mug in a café, chatting with friends and saving the planet. (据估计，英国每年有二十五亿个咖啡杯被扔掉，而现在这个数字可能更高。所以，也许现在是时候真正清醒过来，在咖啡厅里用杯子或马克杯喝咖啡，和朋友聊天，拯救地球。)”讲的是咖啡杯对环境造成的影响。故空处需要承上启下。E项“外带咖啡杯除了会减去咖啡的味道之外，还会造成大量浪费。”对前文有总结作用，对后文有启下作用。故选E项。
第二部分：语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
I knew I was not supposed to be quite so excited．I was too ____21____ for that. At age eleven, the oldest and my mom’s “grown up” girl, I had to keep my calm. I was in middle school after all. But every chance I got, when I was ____22____, I checked each present under the tree. I read every tag (标签) and ____23____ every package, guessing at the contents within. I had examined each gift so often that I could tell which present went to which person ____24____ looking at the tags.
It had been a(n) ____25____ year for my family. Whenever my mom looked over at the tree and scattered presents, she would sigh and tell us, “There won’t be as much for Christmas this year. Try not to be disappointed.” Christmas had ____26____ a been a time for my parents to spoil (宠爱) us. In years past, the presents would occupy the living room. I had heard the phrase “giving is better than receiving”, but getting presents was the whole ____27____! It was the reason I couldn’t go to sleep on Christmas Eve.
On Christmas morning, we eagerly waited in the hallway until Dad told us everything was ready. We rushed into the living room and had to wait and ____28____ while other family members opened their presents, but as the time passed we lost our ____29____.
“Here’s another one for you,” said Mom as she handed me a package. I looked at it, ____30____. Having spent so much time examining the presents before Christmas, I ____31____ this one. It was for my mom!
It was a blow dryer. ____32____ this may seem only a simple gift, to me it was so much more. But, in my world, where receiving was more important than giving, my mom’s act of selflessness was difficult to ____33____. I thought in disbelief about how much my mom must love me to do that.
I have always remembered that Christmas with affection. As an adult with children, I can now see my mom was finding an even greater ____34____ in her Christmas because giving truly is better than receiving. To me, My mom’s simple act ____35____ the world.
21. A. busy B. shy C. old D. simple
22. A. alone B. bored C. curious D. energetic
23. A. tore B. felt C. smelt D. held
24. A. by B. without C. regardless of D. instead of
25. A. golden B. ordinary C. tough D. peaceful
26. A. traditionally B. gradually C. additionally D. confidentially
27. A. plan B. point C. process D. picture
28. A. watch B. scream C. complain D. laugh
29. A. self-doubt B. self-confidence C. self-control D. self-support
30. A. disappointed B. embarrassed C. stressed D. confused
31. A. adored B. recognized C. ignored D. claimed
32. A. If B. Since C. Unless D. While
33. A. predict B. perform C. understand D. confirm
34. A. joy B. challenge C. influence D. role
35. A. meant B. saved C. helped D. surprised
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了某一年，作者家中艰难，母亲把自己的圣诞礼物给了作者，让作者明白了给予真的比接受更好。母亲无私的行为对作者来说意义重大。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我年纪太大了，不适合这么做了。A. busy忙碌的；B. shy害羞的；C. old老的；D. simple简单的。根据后文“At age eleven, the oldest and my mom’s “grown up“ girl, I had to keep my calm.(11岁时，我最大，也是妈妈的“成年”女儿，我必须保持冷静)”可知，作者认为自己已经大了，不适合太兴奋。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但只要有机会，当我一个人的时候，我就会检查树下的每一件礼物。A. alone独自的；B. bored厌倦的；C. curious好奇的；D. energetic精力充沛的。上文提到作者认为自己必须保持冷静，所以选择独自去做这件事，好不让妈妈发现。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我读着每一个标签，摸着每一个包裹，猜测里面的东西。A. tore撕开；B. felt感觉；C. smelt闻起来；D. held持有。根据后文“every package, guessing at the contents within”可知，作者靠摸索来猜测里面是什么礼物。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我经常检查每一份礼物，所以不用看标签就能知道哪份礼物是送给谁的。A. by借助；B. without没有；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。根据上文“I had examined each gift so often”可知，因为频繁检查，作者非常熟悉这些礼物，所以不用看标签就能知道哪份礼物是送给谁的。without表示“没有，不用”符合语境。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我们家来说，那是艰难的一年。A. golden金色的；B. ordinary普通的；C. tough艰难的；D. peaceful和平的。根据后文“There won’t be as much for Christmas this year. Try not to be disappointed.(今年的圣诞节就没有那么多了。尽量不要失望)”可知，圣诞节没有很多礼物，推测家中艰难。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：传统上，圣诞节是父母宠爱我们的日子。A. traditionally传统地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. additionally此外；D. confidentially秘密地。根据后文“In years past, the presents would occupy the living room.(在过去，礼物会占据整个客厅)”可知，作者家中传统上，圣诞节是父母宠爱孩子们的日子。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听说过“送比收好”这句话，但买礼物才是重点！A. plan计划；B. point关键点，重点；C. process程序；D. picture图片。根据上文“but getting presents was the whole”中but表示转折，说明买礼物才是节日的重点。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们冲进客厅，等着看其他家庭成员打开他们的礼物，但随着时间的推移，我们失去了自制。A. watch观看；B. scream尖叫；C. complain投诉；D. laugh笑。根据后文“while other family members opened their presents”可知，孩子们等着看其他家庭成员打开他们的礼物，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们冲进客厅，等着看其他家庭成员打开他们的礼物，但随着时间的推移，我们失去了自制。A. self-doubt自我怀疑；B. self-confidence自信；C. self-control自制；D. self-support自我支持。孩子们都希望收到自己的礼物，所以等着看其他家庭成员打开他们的礼物，但随着时间的推移，逐渐失去了自制。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我困惑地看着它。A. disappointed失望的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. stressed紧张的；D. confused困惑的。根据后文“It was for my mom!”可知这份礼物是给妈妈的，所以作者一开始感到困惑。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在圣诞节前花了那么多时间检查礼物之后，我认出了这一件。A. adored喜爱；B. recognized认出；C. ignored忽视；D. claimed声称。根据后文“It was for my mom!”可知作者认出了这是给妈妈的礼物。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然这看起来只是一份简单的礼物，但对我来说，它有更多的意义。A. If如果；B. Since自从；C. Unless除非；D. While虽然，当……时候。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用while。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，在我的世界，接受比给予更重要，我母亲的无私行为是难以理解的。A. predict预测；B. perform表演；C. understand理解；D. confirm确认。根据上文“in my world, where receiving was more important than giving, my mom’s act of selflessness was difficult to”可知，作者认为，接受比给予更重要，所以母亲的无私行为是难以理解的。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个有孩子的成年人，我现在可以看到我的母亲在她的圣诞节中找到了更大的快乐，因为给予真的比接受更好。A. joy快乐；B. challenge挑战；C. influence影响；D. role角色。根据后文“because giving truly is better than receiving”可知母亲从给予中得到了快乐。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，我妈妈简单的举动意味着整个世界。A. meant意味着；B. saved拯救；C. helped帮助；D. surprised使惊讶。根据上文“To me, My mom’s simple act”可知，妈妈简单的举动对作者来说，意味着整个世界，即意义重大。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sign language is a system of communicating with people who cannot hear, by using hand movements rather than spoken words. _____36_____ sign languages are thriving should be welcomed for many reasons, including the cognitive benefits that learning them _____37_____ (bring). Several studies have found that deaf people who learn sign languages perform better in tasks _____38_____ (require) spatial transformation abilities which you might use _____39_____ you take down directions. Space is an important part of the grammar of a sign language, with verbs, nouns and pronouns using the space in_____40_____ they are located as part of their meaning.
Learning a sign language can be enlightening (启迪心智的), too. In a year-long study of preschool children, deaf children who were learning ASL attained a_____41_____ (great) appreciation of cultural diversity, as determined via classroom observations and interviews.
Sign languages today are rich with communities and culture. Up until the 1980s. many deaf people _____42_____ (essential) had to exist in the 19th century: no telephones, no radio, no television. But in many countries, social clubs, networks and advocacy groups for deaf signers have given rise to_____43_____ diverse range of vernaculars (本地话). _____44_____ the internet and social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok, content ______45______ (create) are now sharing these with the world, bringing awareness and respect -and increased interest in learning these languages.
【答案】36. That
37. brings 38. requiring
39. when 40. which
41. greater
42. essentially
43. a 44. On
45. creators
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了手语是一种用手势而不是口头语言与听不见的人交流的系统。手语的蓬勃发展应该受到欢迎，原因有很多，包括学习手语带来的认知益处。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：手语是一种用手势而不是口头语言与听不见的人交流的系统。手语的蓬勃发展应该受到欢迎，原因有很多，包括学习手语带来的认知益处。分析句子可知，此处为连接词that引导的主语从句，连词that在从句中不作成分，无意义，只充当连接词的作用，满足句子结构。故填That。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：手语是一种用手势而不是口头语言与听不见的人交流的系统。手语的蓬勃发展应该受到欢迎，原因有很多，包括学习手语带来的认知益处。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的定语从句中谓语动词的填入，从句动名词learning them作主语为单数形式，结合文章时态可知，为一般现在时。故填brings。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一些研究发现，学习手语的聋人在需要空间转换能力的任务中表现得更好，你可能会在记下方向时用到这种能力。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词中的现在分词作后置定语修饰名词tasks，tasks和require为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式表主动。故填requiring。
【39题详解】
考查连词。句意：一些研究发现，学习手语的聋人在需要空间转换能力的任务中表现得更好，你可能会在记下方向时用到这种能力。分析句子可知，此处为连词when引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，满足句意要求。故填when。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：空间是手语语法的重要组成部分，动词、名词和代词使用它们所在的空间作为其意义的一部分。分析句子可知，此处为介词in+关系代词which相当于关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词space在从句中作状语成分。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：在一项为期一年的学龄前儿童研究中，通过课堂观察和访谈确定，学习美国手语的聋哑儿童对文化多样性有了更大的理解。根据句意可知，此处为形容词的比较级greater“更大的”，满足句意要求。故填greater。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：很多聋人基本上都是在19世纪才存在的：没有电话，没有收音机，没有电视。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词essentially修饰动词exist。故填essentially。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：但在许多国家，为聋人签名者设立的社交俱乐部、网络和倡导团体已经产生了各种各样的方言。分析句子可知，此处a range of“一系列的”为固定短语，满足句意要求。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：在互联网和社交媒体平台上，如Instagram和TikTok，内容创造者现在与世界分享这些语言，带来了意识和尊重，并增加了学习这些语言的兴趣。分析句子可知，此处on the platform“在平台上”为固定短语。故填On。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：在互联网和社交媒体平台上，如Instagram和TikTok，内容创造者现在与世界分享这些语言，带来了意识和尊重，并增加了学习这些语言的兴趣。根据句意以及are可知，此处为复数名词creators“创造者”作主语，满足句意要求。故填creators。
第三部分：写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter下周二要参加学校辩论队的面试，他来信征求你的建议。请你写封回信，内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 词数在100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：辩论队debate team
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for advice on the interview for the debate team. I’m writing to remind you of how to prepare for it.
I think you need to read more books about the basic theory of debating. It can help you consolidate the foundation of your knowledge and it can also show them your passion. Additionally, wearing something formal can make you stand out among the candidates and impress the interviewers greatly. At last, you should try to smile more during the interview and be confident. I hope my humble proposals could be practical and helpful.
I hope to hear from you about your good news soon!
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Peter写一封回信，给他参加学校辩论队的面试提出相关建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
收到：receive → get
巩固：consolidate → strengthen
使印象深刻：impress → leave a deep impression on
建议：proposal → advice/suggestion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I think you need to read more books about the basic theory of debating. It can help you consolidate the foundation of your knowledge and it can also show them your passion.
拓展句：I think you need to read more books about the basic theory of debating, which can help you consolidate the foundation of your knowledge and it can also show them your passion.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I think you need to read more books about the basic theory of debating.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Additionally, wearing something formal can make you stand out among the candidates and impress the interviewers greatly.（运用了动名词做主语）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I love to play the piano and I greatly enjoy performing my songs, so when the annual winter recital was canceled, I was disappointed. I had looked forward to it for a long time and had already prepared two of my best songs.
My mom had a wonderful idea, however, to turn this disappointing letdown into something worthwhile. “You can perform your songs at Carriage House Senior Living,” my mom suggested brightly. “I’m sure the seniors there who do not have families visit them that often, would really appreciate the music and you could play more than just two songs.”
I immediately thought this was a great idea. One of the things I did not like about the recitals was that I was limited to playing just a couple of songs. Playing the piano at Carriage House seemed like a win-win situation because not only would I get to play more songs, but I would also have the chance to cheer up the residents there with some lively tunes.
My mom called Carriage House and made arrangements for me to perform. In the coming days, I worked especially hard to polish up fifteen pieces that I thought the crowd would enjoy, including many old classics.
When the much-anticipated day finally arrived, my family and I drove to Carriage House. Walking through the enormous double doors, we stepped into an entryway that overlooked the spacious grand dining room. Right at the entrance to the dining room stood the piano as if it were just waiting to make some music to liven the place up a bit. At nearly every table several gray-haired women or men were seated enjoying their dinner and the company that the crowded room provided. Despite the conversations going on at various tables though, isolation hung like a dark cloud in the room.
Almost immediately, we were greeted by an old woman with a walker who introduced herself as Phyllis in charge of Carriage House. She welcomed me and led me to the stage.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As I sat down on the bench, I pressed a key on the piano and was surprised to hear no sound.
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Nervousness melted away and I started to enjoy the performance with the old.
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【答案】As I sat down on the bench, I pressed a key on the piano and was surprised to hear no sound. Feeling as if the whole world was watching me, I was struck dead with embarrassment. How could I perform the song without the piano? I was on pins and needles when Phyllis slowly made her way to the front of the crowd of dinners and announced in a comforting tone, “This girl has come to sing for us but the piano seems to be a little nervous.” Almost immediately, there was scattered applause and several people stepped forward to help me plug in the piano and set the microphone. With everything ready, I took a deep breath and commenced my performance.
Nervousness melted away and I started to enjoy the performance with the old. One woman got up and began to animatedly dance about the room. Some of the people swayed in their chairs to the beat of the music while others tapped theirs toes. The performance ended up with a storm of applause from the crowd. I realized that it was far better than a piano recital because almost everyone seemed to truly appreciate my music and I’ m proud that I have the power to spread kindness to them. It ended up being a blessing in disguise that the recital was canceled, leading to me sharing the gift of music with those who needed it most.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者喜欢弹钢琴，也非常喜欢表演自己的歌曲，所以当年度冬季独奏会被取消时，作者很失望。然而，妈妈提议去 Carriage House为老年人表演时，作者欣然同意并为之积极的做准备。
【详解】1.段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“当我坐在长凳上时，我按下了钢琴的一个键，奇怪的是没有听到任何声音。”可知，第一段可描写作者表演时发现钢琴没有声音的内心的紧张以及问题解决后大家对作者的鼓励。
由第二段首句内容“紧张的情绪消失了，我开始喜欢上了和老人一起的表演。”可知，第二段可描写作者的演奏给老人带来的快乐和作者的感受。
2.续写线索：演出时钢琴出问题——紧张不已——老人鼓励——紧张消失——融入音乐——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①表演：perform /show
②.宣布：announce /declare
情绪类
①.尴尬：embarrassment /awkward
②.紧张的：nervous /intense/ be on pins and needles
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. I was on pins and needles when Phyllis slowly made her way to the front of the crowd of dinners and announced in a comforting tone（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] I realized that it was far better than a piano recital because almost everyone seemed to truly appreciate my music. （运用了由关系代词that引导的宾语从句）