2023北京海淀高三（上）期末英语（有答案）

这是一份2023北京海淀高三（上）期末英语（有答案），共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023北京海淀高三（上）期末
英 语
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
We’ve all heard the saying “Laughter is the best medicine”. And there might be something in this idiom. Numerous studies have shown that people who report greater ___1___ tend to have better medical outcomes.
For instance a 2017 study at the University of Nottingham tested the effect of mood on 138 retirees ___2___ the normal flu injection. Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination went on to ___3___ more flu-fighting antibodies. Earlier work at Yale University and the University of Florida has also shown that people’s mood affects the activation of genes that fight disease.
But does happiness lead to good ___4___, or is it the other way around? After all, it could be that people who have strong immune systems ___5___ have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well.
Here is a possible evolutionary ___6___. Humans evolved as social creatures that cooperate in groups to ___7___ food and protect themselves from wild animals. We were happier with a(n) ___8___ network of friends and family because this improved our chances of survival. But closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds for respiratory (呼吸的) ___9___ such as flu and colds, so we would have needed to increase the activity of the genes that fight these diseases.
For those who were ___10___ from society, however, infectious disease was less of a problem, and genes that help recover from physical injury may have been prioritized instead of the ones that fight disease.
1. A. success B. confidence C. happiness D. determination
2. A. avoiding B. receiving C. missing D. organizing
3. A. produce B. repair C. detect D. absorb
4. A. health B. mood C. relationship D. performance
5. A. gradually B. naturally C. randomly D. rarely
6. A. solution B. prediction C. application D. explanation
7. A. consume B. serve C. secure D. purchase
8. A. fixed B. enormous C. complicated D. close
9. A. functions B. infections C. activities D. systems
10. A. cut off B. taken over C. picked out D. made up
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After earning a master’s degree in 2016, Huang Wenxiu returned to Baise, her hometown, instead of seeking a career in Beijing. “I come from ____11____ remote mountainous village. Quite a number of folks ____12____ (struggle) with poverty there, so all I wish is to do my part to improve their lives,” she once said. Huang volunteered to join the grassroots poverty alleviation (扶贫) effort. She invited experts to tell the villagers ____13____ they could improve production. She persuaded the villagers to expand the planting area and encouraged e-commerce sales. 418 people from 88 households were lifted out of poverty thanks to her efforts.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Governments at all levels have made continuous efforts to reduce the financial burden on house renters, especially those ____14____ are new college graduates. A report by the Meadin Academy says that college graduates ____15____ (survey) prefer to live in apartments near the companies or railway stations to facilitate their commute (通勤). As to house rents, most college graduates still need ____16____ (assistant) from their parents and only about 20 percent of them pay the rent themselves. ____17____ (help) lower the financial burdens of young people, many governments and companies have given their support in house rentals.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
With the popularity of cycling, many cities have combined their tourism characteristics to launch themed routes. From indoor exhibitions ____18____ outdoor concerts and night cycling along the South Central Axis (轴), a series of activities ____19____ (introduce) next month so that urban residents can enjoy themselves. An official of the China Tourism Academy said, “As mass tourism grows in popularity, only high-quality outdoor tourism products can attract visitors and the integration of micro-vacation products with outdoor sports products ____20____ (have) a broad space for development.”
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Best Gifts for Every Type of Mom
Do you want to reward Mom with New Year gifts? Millions of products are offered online, but don’t get scared away. We have done the work for you by selecting best gift ideas for every type of mom. Just click “Add to cart” to shower Mom with love.
Dainty Earrings-Best for the Jewelry Lover
Made from sterling silver, the earrings are lightweight and perfect for everyday wear. They’re also ideal for anyone with sensitive ears. Among the 8,000 plus five-star reviewers, April Farmer confirm: this, saying, “Just about every material irritates (刺激) my ears, but I have had these in for three months now-and no irritation, no color changing, or fading of silver. I can’t even tell they are in!”
KS Lunch Bag-Best for the Working Mom
This in-disguise cooler bag will put a smile on mom’s face during lunch hour. With thousands of five-star reviewers, the fashionable and functional KS bag has an insulated lining (隔热的内衬) that helps keep food and beverages fresh, and an inside pocket that holds utensils. Plus, the soft, lightweight design makes it easy to bring anywhere.
Breville Express-Best for the Coffee Lover
Talk about a morning boost! If Mom is a true coffee lover, she’s dreamed of owning a high-end espresso machine. Now you can make that dream a reality. The Breville Express, which has more than 14,000 five-star reviews, comes in either black or stainless steel surfaces and offers the same dose-controlled grinding (研磨) that’s normally reserved for fancy coffee shops.
Beckham Pillows--Best for the One Who Needs a Good Night’s Sleep
She deserves a peaceful night’s rest after all the hard work she does every day, and she’ll get just that with these Beckham pillows. The set of two affordable cooling gel pillows is ideal for back, stomach and side sleepers. It offers much-needed temperature regulation that will keep her more comfortable than ever. It’s a best seller with more than 126,000 five-star reviews, so it’s pretty much a hit.
21. April Farmer’s review indicates that the Dainty Earrings are .
A. durable and fancy B. simple and unique
C. stylish and valuable D. light and skin-friendly
22. From the passage, we can know that .
A. Dainty Earrings are best for formal occasions
B. KS Lunch Bag is silver, portable and insulated
C. Breville Express features fine and quick grinding
D. Beckham Pillows suit different sleeping positions
23. Who is the passage intended for?
A. Agencies selling products to moms.
B. People seeking gifts for their moms.
C. Moms planning to reward themselves.
D. Salesmen studying moms’ preferences.
B
It’s the green wall of her school swimming pool that Jill Craven remembers best, as she felt her teacher’s hand on her head, guiding her underwater. “You know how time slows? Going under. Watching ...” she says.
This was in Palmerston North, when she was five. While her three older siblings could swim half a mile or more, she would do anything to avoid swimming lessons. In her 20s, she moved to London to pursue a career in journalism. She insisted she had never feared for her career, but she still had this lifelong fear of being underwater.
However, when she retired, Craven was diagnosed with breast cancer, and was advised to swim as part of her recovery. Still finding the fear undefeatable, she took up water jogging instead-like treading water (踩水), but moving-with a floatation aid around her middle. She could get her feet of the bottom of the pool for a quick doggy paddle, but anything more was beyond her.
One day at the pool, she saw a group of children having a lesson. It was an indoor pool, nice and warm, and the children were five or six. “I just thought, it’s time to do this,” she says. “Who knows what I looked like. An egg beater,” she continues. “I did five strokes, or six. I was so proud of myself”. Then a lifeguard encouraged her to continue and told her how to breathe. A friend gave her goggles. Her niece Justine walked beside the pool clapping, and Craven felt as if she had won a gold medal. Justine bought Craven lessons for her 69th birthday. Before long, Craven had swum a length with her face in the water.
When her instructor told her to sit on the bottom of the pool, Craven felt like going back to being a five-year-old. She hung on to the stairs as she went down. But she did it! She stayed there for a few seconds!
Now Craven swims twice a week: five lengths, sometimes 10, with a rest after each. “I just think you need to do things if you can. If you can, you must.” she says.
24. Why did Craven choose water jogging instead of swimming?
A. She hated losing face.
B. She liked treading water.
C. She was afraid to swim.
D. She was fond of floating.
25. What inspired Craven to try swimming again?
A. The sight of kids learning swimming.
B. The support of her niece Justine.
C. The encouragement from a lifeguard.
D. The doctor’s advice on her recovery.
26. What is the passage trying to tell us?
A. Once bitten, twice shy.
B. You can never teach an old dog new tricks.
C. Practice makes perfect.
D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
C
A new study has found human feelings can accurately be expressed numerically and have more predictive power for how we behave than formal studies of socioeconomic factors like household income and employment status.
The study co-author Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and behavioral science gathered information from nearly 700,000 people, who were asked annually over a three-decade period how they felt on a numerical scale about their job, spouse, health and home. Using the data collected, researchers constructed statistical models to show how people felt and the actions they took as a result of their reported feelings. The study found that ratings of life satisfaction had a direct linear (线性的) relationship to actions people subsequently take. Participants who rated their job satisfaction as a 2 out of 7 had a 25% probability of quitting their job. Those who rated a 6 out of 7 had only a 10 percent probability of quitting. The same was true across other measures like marriage, health and housing.
Previous research has also shown data about feelings predict human outcomes, but not in such a linear fashion; the degree of satisfaction served as a good predictor of future actions. Additionally, economists have previously been critical of feelings data because they considered them unscientific and unreliable. But this study shows socioeconomic factors have a lesser probability of predicting human behavior than data on feelings.
Though the study shows numbers can quantify feelings, researchers are still a bit confused as to why estimates of seemingly subjective feelings can be such good predictors of future actions. According to Oswald, a number of factors could be at play. Humans are very experienced in comparative thinking and are able to scale their own life satisfaction against that of their neighbors. We’re also accustomed to using measuring devices for other aspects of life like temperature, distance and weight, so it shouldn’t be too surprising that we’re able to measure our feelings in a similarly accurate way. Another study co-author Caspar Kaiser says that it may also be because we communicate our feelings and do it in a scaled fashion every day. This could be why it comes out in the data more accurately than in objective markers.
Ori Heffetz, an economics professor who was not involved in the study, says that this research shows feelings data shouldn’t be underestimated even if they’re more difficult to study. “Scientists who ignore this do so at their own risk,” he says.
Looking ahead, Kaiser hopes this same data can be studied in lower-income countries so that it can be applied universally to places with varied levels of economic development. But more than anything else he’s interested in studying why feelings work so well.
27. Paragraph 2 is mainly about .
A. research process and findings
B. research topic and significance
C. research subjects and purpose
D. research data collection and analysis
28. What can we know about the study?
A. It also applies to people from lower-income countries.
B. It challenges the opinion that feelings data are unreliable.
C. It explains why ratings of feelings can foresee future actions.
D. It first shows data about feelings can predict human behavior
29. What is Ori’s attitude towards the study?
A. Neutral. B. Skeptical. C. Supportive. D. Cautious.
30. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. How You Rate Your Life Predicts Your Future Behavior
B. Feelings Forecast Actions Better than Economic Factors
C. Why Your Feelings Affect Your Future Actions
D. Ranking Every Aspect of Your Life Counts
D
People who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for granted that human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive. According to this philosophy, the basic law by which people must live, is the law of the jungle. The “fittest” are those who can bring to the struggle superior force, superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.
But we are entitled to ask whether the ruthlessness of the tiger, the cunning of the fox and the obedience to the law of the jungle are, in their human applications, actually evidence of human fitness to survive. If human beings are to pick up pointers on behavior from the lower animals, are there not animals other than beasts of prey from which we might learn lessons in survival?
We might, for example, look to the rabbit or the deer and define fitness to survive as superior speed in running away from our enemies. We might point to the earthworm or the mole and attribute their fitness to survive to the ability to keep out of sight and out of the way. If we simply look to animals in order to define what we mean by “fitness to survive”, there is no limit to the subhuman systems of behavior that we can think up. We may emulate any animal because they have all obviously survived in one way or another. We are still entitled to ask, however, if human survival does not revolve around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.
Biologists distinguish between two kinds of struggle for survival. First, there is the interspecific struggle, warfare between different species of animals. Second, there is the intraspecific struggle, warfare among members of a single species. A great deal of evidence in modern biology indicates that those species that have developed elaborate means of intraspecific competition often make themselves unfit for interspecific competition, and that strength and fierceness in fighting and killing other animals, whether in interspecific or intraspecific competition, have never been enough in themselves to guarantee the survival of a species.
If we are going to talk about human survival, one of the first things to do, even if we grant that people must fight to live, is to distinguish between those qualities that are useful in fighting the environment and other species and those qualities that are useful in fighting other people. There are also characteristics important to human survival that do not involve fighting.
Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. Any theory of human survival that leaves this fact out of account is no more scientific than would be a theory of beaver survival that failed to consider the interesting uses a beaver makes of its teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.

beaver
31. According to the passage, the “Survival of the Fittest” theory .
A. shows that the tough-minded and realistic survive
B. is often used as an excuse for one’s being selfish
C. applies better in human society than in the wild
D. is universally acknowledged among scientists
32. What does the underlined word “emulate” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Copy B. Protect. C. Trap. D. Admire.
33. According to the passage, the author is most likely to agree that .
A. humans have no superior force over other species
B. humans have survived because they are the fittest
C. humans don’t have to learn from animals to survive
D. humans need to fight each other for their own survival
34. What is most likely to be talked about next?
A. Ways to make humans more competitive.
B. Human’s cooperation via communication
C. Differences between beavers and humans.
D. The development of human survival skills.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Recreational Fear
From peek-a-boo to Halloween haunted houses, research shows that recreational fear can teach us to face scary situations. The “paradox of horror” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. ____35____
Having fun with fear is an “extremely important tool for learning,” said Mathias Clasen, director of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark. “We learn something about the dangers of the world. We learn something about our own responses: What does it feel like to be afraid? How much fear can I take?”
Horror movies have gotten more popular. And in one survey of more than 1000 Americans, conducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves as horror fans. ____36____ Many people who would not consider themselves fans of fear enjoy true-crime podcasts and novels featuring violence and murder. Others may enjoy nature documentaries about top predators (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.
Even babies like being a little spooked (惊的). Peek-a-boo is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. ____37____ “I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.
____38____ It is a combination of an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an opportunity to learn about dealing with scary situations in a safe environment, researchers say. When we are afraid, our endocrine system releases adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol to help prepare our body for physical action. We know the “Halloween” movie Michael Myers is not real, but our brain still responds as if he were a burning threat. One brain imaging study found that watching horror movies activates threat-response brain regions such as the amygdala (扁桃腺), prefrontal cortex and insula as if the danger were real.
After this rush, many people experience an uplifted mood. One study examined how 262 adults felt before and after they entered an extreme haunted house. ____39____ Brain recordings before and after showed that those whose mood improved had a smaller neural response to subsequent stressors, which is associated with the post-haunt high.
A. So why do we like it?
B. Fifty percent of people said they felt better after the visit.
C. And recreational fear, as it is rightly named, could benefit us, too.
D. Playing with fear helps us learn what our body does under pressure.
E. Horror, though, is not the only genre of what people find scary fun, he said.
F. We define recreational fear broadly as a mixed emotional experience of fear and enjoyment.
G. Classic childhood games of tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes of predator vs. prey.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Engaging in meaningful conversations with others strengthens social bonds and boosts well—being far more than small talk does. Yet many people fear or even actively avoid intimate (亲密的) conversations, especially with those they don’t know well. Why are we so unwilling to engage in an activity that could benefit us so acutely? According to new research, it may be due to miscalculated expectations, and changing them could foster deeper connections.
In a series of studies published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, participants either engaged in “shallow” conversations (speaking, for example, about their sleep schedule or how often they get haircuts) or “deep” discussions (covering embarrassing moments or what they’re grateful for). Before chatting, they predicted how awkward and uncomfortable the conversation would be, how close they would feel to their conversation partner afterward, and how much they would enjoy the interaction. Participants who consistently overestimated the awkwardness of the conversations also greatly underestimated how much they’d enjoy the more intimate conversations, as well as how close they’d feel to their partner.
The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. “We underestimate, essentially, how social others are,” explains study author Nicholas Epley, a psychologist at the University of Chicago.
Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others Epley believes. Yet participants appeared able to course-correct. When they were told ahead of time that it’s common to underestimate how much strangers care about each other, they voluntarily steered the talks into deeper directions, potentially reaping the benefits of doing so.
A single reminder likely isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, Epley warns. But making the effort to engage in just a few positive interactions could help someone mentally reset. “After having a meaningful conversation, people usually want to have another one,” he says. “But you can learn only from experiences that you have,” he adds. “If you think it will be unpleasant to talk to someone and therefore never try, you’ll never find out that you were wrong.”
40. Why are people unwilling to get involved in intimate conversations?
________________________________________________
41. What could stop people forming deeper connections with others?
________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØA single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
________________________________________________
43. Do you prefer to have a “shallow” conversation or a “deep” discussion with strangers? And give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将与国际友好校联合举办主题为“我是美食家 (Gastronome)”的英语线上交流活动，请你用英语写一份发言稿，内容包括：
1.介绍你学会的一道美食并简述做法；
2.谈谈学做这道美食的感受及活动的意义。
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词语：美食—delicacy;
Hello, everyone!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you.

参考答案
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。“笑是最好的良药”。许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果。文章对此进行了解释。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果。A. success成功；B. confidence信心；C. happiness快乐；幸福；D. determination决心。结合上文“Laughter is the best medicine”可知，此处指笑带给人们的更大的幸福往往会带来更好的医疗结果。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，2017年诺丁汉大学的一项研究测试了138名接受正常流感注射的退休人员的情绪效果。A. avoiding避免；B. receiving接受；C. missing错过；D. organizing组织。结合下文“the normal flu injection”可知，此处指他们接受流感疫苗的注射。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些在接种疫苗当天感到高兴的人继续产生更多的抗流感抗体。A. produce制造；生产；B. repair修理；C. detect发现；D. absorb吸收。根据空前“Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination”及下文“more flu-fighting antibodies”可知，对于当天接种疫苗的人而言，他们会产生更多的流感抗体。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是高兴真的能带来健康吗，还是恰恰相反呢？A. health健康；B. mood情绪；C. relationship关系；D. performance表现。结合前文“ people’s mood affects the activation of genes that fight disease.”可知，人们的情绪会影响对抗疾病的基因的激活，所以此处是在问高兴真的能带来健康吗。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，那些拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质。A. gradually逐渐地；B. naturally自然地；C. randomly随便地；任意地；D. rarely稀有地。根据下文“have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well”可知，拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一个可能的进化解释。A. solution解决方法；B. prediction预测；C. application应用；D. explanation解释。根据下文内容提示，可知此处是用人类的进化来作解释。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类作为社会性生物进化而来，它们群体合作以获得食物并保护自己免受野生动物的伤害。A. consume消费；B. serve服务；C. secure（尤指通过努力）获得；取得；D. purchase购买。根据下文“protect themselves from wild animals”可知，此处指人类通过群体合作来获得食物。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们与朋友和家人的密切关系网更快乐，因为这提高了我们生存的机会。A. fixed固定的；B. enormous巨大的；C. complicated复杂的；D. close亲近的；亲密的。结合下文“network of friends and family because this improved our chances of survival. But closely socializing groups”可知，这里指和朋友及家人之间的亲密关系，提高了我们的生存机会。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因此我们需要增加抗击这些疾病的基因的活性。A. functions功能；B. infections传染病；C. activities活动；D. systems系统。结合下文“such as flu and colds”可知，感冒和流感是传染病。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些与社会隔绝的人来说，传染病并不是什么大问题，帮助他们从身体伤害中恢复过来的基因可能会被优先考虑，而不是那些对抗疾病的基因。A. cut off 切断；B. taken over掌管；C. picked out挑选出；D. made up编造。结合上文“closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds for respiratory (呼吸的) 　9　　 such as flu and colds”及下文“infectious disease was less of a problem”可知，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因而若要没有传染病得问题，就要切断和社会的联系。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】11. a 12. are struggling##have been struggling
13. how
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了黄文绣（音译）回到自己的家乡百色，帮助家乡摆脱贫困的故事。
【11题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我来自一个偏远的山村。village“村庄”为可数名词，此处使用了单数，空后形容词remote的首个音素为辅音，所以此处用不定冠词a，表示泛指。故填a。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：在那里很多人与贫困作斗争，所以我希望的所有的就是尽自己的一份力量来改善他们的生活。空处在句中为谓语，本句话为直接引语，所以时态可以用现在进行时，也可以表示动作一直以来都在发生，且还将继续持续，所以用现在完成进行时。句子主语“a number of folks”为复数含义，所以助动词也用复数。故填are struggling/ have been struggling。
13题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她邀请专家告诉村民们如何提高产量。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容为动词tell的宾语从句，空处作从句中的方式状语，所以用连接副词how，故填how。
【答案】14. who
15. surveyed
16. assistance
17. To help
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了各级政府不断努力减轻租房者的经济负担，特别是刚毕业的大学生。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：各级政府不断努力减轻租房者的经济负担，特别是刚毕业的大学生。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，所以此处用关系代词who，故填who。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Meadin Academy的一份报告称，接受调查的大学毕业生更喜欢住在公司或火车站附近的公寓里，以方便他们上下班。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的宾语从句中作定语，修饰主语college graduates，从句的谓语prefer，动词survey和句子主语为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词surveyed，故填surveyed。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：至于房租，大多数大学毕业生仍然需要父母的帮助，只有20% 左右的大学毕业生自己付房租。空处在句中作动词need的宾语，所以用名词assistance，为不可数名词，故填assistance。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：为了帮助减轻年轻人的经济负担，许多政府和公司在房屋租赁方面给予了支持。分析句子可知，逗号前的所有内容在句中为目的状语，表示“政府和公司在房屋租赁方面给予支持”的目的，所有用不定式。因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填To help。
【答案】18. to 19. will be introduced
20. has ## will have
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着自行车运动的普及，许多城市结合自己的旅游特色开辟了主题路线。文章讲述了下个月即将要举行一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，下个月将推出一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。固定结构：from...to...“从……到……”，结合句意，此处指从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，表示活动种类多。故填to。
【19题详解】
考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：同上。空处在句中为谓语，结合空后“next month”可知，时态为一般将来时；句子主语“a series of activities”和动词“introduce”为动宾关系，所以此处用被动语态。故填will be introduced。
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：“随着大众旅游的普及，只有高质量的户外旅游产品才能吸引游客，且将微型度假产品与户外运动产品相结合，（将会）具有广阔的发展空间。”分析句子可知，空处为and后的并列句中的谓语，结合句意，这里可以表示一般性事实，用一般现在时，也可以表示将来的情况，用一般将来时，主语是单数，所以空处可以用has/will have，故填has/will have。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了给不同类型的妈妈选择最佳礼物的一些小贴士。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“no irritation, no color changing, or fading of silver. I can’t even tell they are in!”（没有刺激，没有变色，没有银色的褪色。我都不知道我戴着耳环！）可知，耳环比较轻，而且也对皮肤没有刺激。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Made from sterling silver, the earrings are lightweight and perfect for everyday wear. ”（这款耳环由纯银制成，重量轻，非常适合日常佩戴。）可知，这款耳环适合日常佩戴。选项A错误；第三段中“the fashionable and functional KS bag has an insulated lining (隔热的内衬) that helps keep food and beverages fresh, and an inside pocket that holds utensils. Plus, the soft, lightweight design makes it easy to bring anywhere.”（时尚和功能性的 KS 袋有一个绝缘衬里，有助于保持食品和饮料的新鲜，和一个内口袋，容纳器具。此外，软，轻便的设计使它很容易带到任何地方。）可知，KS 袋有一个绝缘衬里，轻便的设计使得它易于携带，但并没有说它是银质的。选项B错误；根据倒数第二段中“The Breville Express, which has more than 14,000 five-star reviews, comes in either black or stainless steel surfaces and offers the same dose-controlled grinding (研磨) that’s normally reserved for fancy coffee shops.”（Breville Express 有超过14,000条五星级评论，它有黑色或不锈钢表面，并提供通常只有高档咖啡店才有的剂量控制研磨服务。）可知，The Breville Express可以提供剂量控制研磨服务，没有提及它可以快速研磨，选项C错误；根据最后一段中“ideal for back, stomach and side sleepers.”（对平睡，趴着睡和侧面睡的人而言是合适的。）可知，Beckham Pillows适合不同睡姿的人士。与文意一致，故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Best Gifts for Every Type of Mom”（最适合各种类型妈妈的礼物）可知，文章主要是面向给妈妈选礼物的顾客。故选B。
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Craven从最初害怕游泳到退休后的一天看到一群小孩学游泳，最终激励了她去游泳的故事。这个故事证明了世上无难事，只怕有心人的道理。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“She insisted she had never feared for her career, but she still had this lifelong fear of being underwater.”（她坚称自己从未担心过自己的职业生涯，但她一生都害怕被水淹没。）第三段中“Craven was diagnosed with breast cancer, and was advised to swim as part of her recovery. Still finding the fear undefeatable, she took up water jogging instead”（Craven被诊断出患有乳腺癌，作为康复的一部分，医生建议她去游泳。她仍然觉得恐惧是无法战胜的，于是开始了水上慢跑。）可知，Craven选择水上慢跑而不是游泳是因为她害怕被水淹没，即她害怕游泳。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“One day at the pool, she saw a group of children having a lesson. It was an indoor pool, nice and warm, and the children were five or six. “I just thought, it’s time to do this,” she says. ”（一天在游泳池，她看见一群孩子在上课。那是一个室内游泳池，温暖舒适，孩子们只有五六岁。“我只是想，是时候这么做了,”她说。）可知，是因为有一天她看到了一群小孩在上游泳课，激励了她去游泳。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了Craven从最初害怕游泳到退休后的一天看到一群小孩学游泳，最终激励了她去游泳的故事。所以这个故事证明了世上无难事，只怕有心人的道理。选项A.“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。”；选项B.“朽木不可雕也”；选项C.“熟能生巧”，故选D。
【答案】27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，与对家庭收入和就业状况等社会经济因素的正式研究相比，人类的情感可以准确地用数字表达出来，对我们的行为具有更大的预测力。文章讲述了该项研究的过程及结论的得出。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study co-author Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and behavioral science gathered information from nearly 700,000 people, who were asked annually over a three-decade period how they felt on a numerical scale about their job, spouse, health and home. Using the data collected, researchers constructed statistical models to show how people felt and the actions they took as a result of their reported feelings. The study found that ratings of life satisfaction had a direct linear (线性的) relationship to actions people subsequently take. Participants who rated their job satisfaction as a 2 out of 7 had a 25% probability of quitting their job. Those who rated a 6 out of 7 had only a 10 percent probability of quitting. The same was true across other measures like marriage, health and housing.”（这项研究的合著者，经济学和行为科学教授安德鲁 · 奥斯瓦尔德(Andrew Oswald)收集了近70万人的信息。在过去的30年里，他们每年都会被问及对自己的工作、配偶、健康和家庭的感受。利用收集到的数据，研究人员构建了统计模型，以显示人们的感受以及他们因报告的感受而采取的行动。研究发现，生活满意度的等级与人们随后采取的行动有直接的线性关系。参与者将他们的工作满意度评为7分中的2分，他们辞职的可能性为25% 。那些得到6分(满分7分)的人只有10% 的可能性会放弃。在婚姻、健康和住房等其他指标上也是如此。）可知，本段主要讲述了实施研究的过程和研究结果。故选A。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Previous research has also shown data about feelings predict human outcomes, but not in such a linear fashion; the degree of satisfaction served as a good predictor of future actions. Additionally, economists have previously been critical of feelings data because they considered them unscientific and unreliable. But this study shows socioeconomic factors have a lesser probability of predicting human behavior than data on feelings.”（先前的研究也表明，关于情感的数据可以预测人类的结果，但不是以这样的线性方式；满意度可以很好地预测未来的行动。此外，经济学家此前一直对情感数据持批评态度，因为他们认为这些数据不科学、不可靠。但是，这项研究表明，社会经济因素预测人类行为的可能性低于情感数据。）可知，之前的研究结果表明情感的数据可以预测人类的行为。但是，这项研究表明，社会经济因素预测人类行为的可能性低于情感数据。所以这个研究的结果证实了之前的研究的的结论不可靠。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ori Heffetz, an economics professor who was not involved in the study, says that this research shows feelings data shouldn’t be underestimated even if they’re more difficult to study. “Scientists who ignore this do so at their own risk,” he says.”（没有参与这项研究的经济学教授 Ori Heffetz 说，这项研究表明，即使感觉数据更难研究，也不应该被低估。他说: “忽视这一点的科学家要承担自己的风险。”）可推知，经济学教授 Ori Heffetz认为， 即使感觉数据更难研究，也不应该被低估。所以对于这次研究他是赞同的。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study has found human feelings can accurately be expressed numerically and have more predictive power for how we behave than formal studies of socioeconomic factors like household income and employment status.”（一项新的研究发现，与对家庭收入和就业状况等社会经济因素的正式研究相比，人类的情感可以准确地用数字表达出来，对我们的行为具有更大的预测力。）可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究成果：人类的情感可以准确地用数字表达出来，这对我们的行为具有更大的预测力。同时结合下文讲述研究的过程及结论的得出，本文主要讲述了一项新的研究成果：你对自己的评价会影响你未来的行为。故选A。
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了”适者生存“理论在人类社会中与动物之间的区别。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“People who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for granted that human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive. According to this philosophy, the basic law by which people must live, is the law of the jungle. The “fittest” are those who can bring to the struggle superior force, superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.”（那些认为自己意志坚强、现实的人往往理所当然地认为，人性是自私的，生活是一场只有适者才能生存的斗争。根据这种哲学，人们必须遵循的基本法则是丛林法则。“适者”是那些能够在斗争中带来优越的力量、优越的狡猾和优越的残忍的人。）可知，对于信奉“适者生存”理论的人而言，他们往往认为人性是自私的，生活是一场只有适者才能生存的斗争。可推知，这些人会把这个理论作为自己自私的借口。故选B。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“If we simply look to animals in order to define what we mean by “fitness to survive”, there is no limit to the subhuman systems of behavior that we can think up. ”（如果我们只是看动物来定义我们所说的“适者生存”，那么我们可以想出的非人类的行为系统是没有限制的。）可知，我们不应只是看动物来定义“适者生存”。划线词后内容“because they have all obviously survived in one way or another. ”（因为它们显然都以这样或那样的方式幸存了下来。）可知，动物们以自己的方式生存下来证实了适者生存的道理，所以我们应该不仅只是看动物来定义“适者生存”，而且要模仿它们，让自己生存下来。由此可知，划线词所在句指“我们会模仿动物来让自己生存下来”，所以划线词的含义为“模仿”，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“We are still entitled to ask, however, if human survival does not revolve around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.”（然而，我们仍然有权问，人类的生存是否围绕着一种不同于低等动物的适应性。）和倒数第二段“If we are going to talk about human survival, one of the first things to do, even if we grant that people must fight to live, is to distinguish between those qualities that are useful in fighting the environment and other species and those qualities that are useful in fighting other people. There are also characteristics important to human survival that do not involve fighting.”（如果我们要谈论人类的生存，首先要做的事情之一，即使我们承认人类必须为生存而战，就是区分那些有助于对抗环境和其他物种的品质，和那些有助于对抗其他人的品质。还有一些对人类生存非常重要的特征不涉及战斗。）和最后一段前两句“Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. ”（合作对于大多数生物的生存是必不可少的，而人类是会说话的动物。）可知，作者认为，人类的生存不同于其他物种之间的生存的适应性，因为人类能区分那些有助于对抗环境和其他物种的品质，和那些有助于对抗其他人的品质。还有一些对人类生存非常重要的特征并不涉及战斗，此外人类是会说话的动物。即人类不必向动物学习才能生存，故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. Any theory of human survival that leaves this fact out of account is no more scientific than would be a theory of beaver survival that failed to consider the interesting uses a beaver makes of its teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.”（合作对大多数生物的生存至关重要。人类是会说话的动物。任何不考虑这一事实的人类生存理论都不会比海狸生存理论更科学，因为后者没有考虑到海狸利用牙齿和扁尾巴的有趣用途。让我们看看说话是什么意思。）可知，本段结尾提到了人类会通过沟通获得合作，因此接下来可能谈论的是人们如何通过沟通来实现合作。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
【答案】35. C 36. E 37. G 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章谈论了娱乐恐惧的科学。
【35题详解】
根据上文“research shows that recreational fear can teach us to face scary situations. The “paradox of horror” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. ”（研究表明娱乐恐惧可以教会我们面对可怕的情况。“恐怖悖论”是，在适当的情况下，害怕可能是件有趣的事）提出“恐怖悖论”在适当的情况下，害怕可能是件有趣的事。因而空处应承接前文，讲述娱乐恐惧也是有好处的。选项C. “And recreational fear, as it is rightly named, could benefit us, too”（而娱乐性的恐惧，正如它的名字一样，也可以使我们受益）切题。故选C。
【36题详解】
根据上文“And in one survey of more than 1,000 Americans, conducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves as horror fans. ”（在克拉森对1000多名美国人进行的一项调查中，55% 的人称自己是恐怖片迷。）讲述了克拉森的一项调查的结果，下文“Many people who would not consider themselves fans of fear enjoy true-crime podcasts and novels featuring violence and murder. Others may enjoy nature documentaries about top predators (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.”（许多不认为自己是恐惧迷的人喜欢真实犯罪的播客和以暴力和谋杀为主题的小说。其他人可能喜欢关于顶级掠食者如鲨鱼和熊的自然纪录片）提到了其他人的喜欢类型，所以空处应承接上文，讲述结果发现，喜欢恐怖并不是唯一的一种类型。选项E.“Horror, though, is not the only genre of what people find scary fun, he said.”（然而，他说，恐怖并不是人们觉得恐怖有趣的唯一类型）切题。故选E。
【37题详解】
上文“Even babies like being a little spooked (惊的). Peek-a-boo is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. ”（即使是婴儿也喜欢被吓到，躲猫猫是“一种婴儿的跳跃恐惧”，Clasen 说）下文““I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.”（“我想我还没有遇到过一个人不喜欢某种娱乐性的恐惧,”他说）所以空处应其承上启下的作用，讲述“捉迷藏”游戏也有着恐惧的因素。选项G.“Classic childhood games of tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes of predator vs. prey.”（经典的儿童捉迷藏游戏就像捕食者与猎物的真实场景。）切题。故选G。
【38题详解】
结合前一段的末句““I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.”（“我想我还没有遇到过一个人不喜欢某种娱乐性的恐惧,”他说）说明人们都喜欢娱乐性的恐惧。下文“It is a combination of an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an opportunity to learn about dealing with scary situations in a safe environment, researchers say.”（研究人员说，这是肾上腺素激增和学习如何在安全环境中处理可怕情况的机会的结合）解释了人们喜欢娱乐性恐惧的原因。因而空处应承接前文，讲述为什么人们会喜欢的问题。选项A.“So why do we like it?”（那我们为什么喜欢它？）切题。故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“One study examined how 262 adults felt before and after they entered an extreme haunted house. ”（一项研究调查了262名成年人在进入一个极度闹鬼的房子前后的感受）空处应承接前文，讲述调查的结果。选项B.“Fifty percent of people said they felt better after the visit.”（百分之五十的人说他们在参观后感觉好多了）切题。故选B。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
【答案】40. It may be due to miscalculated expectations./ Because of miscalculated expectations. / Because people have miscalculated expectations.
41. It is the assumptions that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives.
42. A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
According to the passage, a single reminder isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
43. I prefer to have a shallow conversation because there is social etiquette that we need to observe in order not to make others feel offended. Besides, people differ in personalities so it is polite and considerate to respect their boundaries and avoid information they might view as privacy. (48 words)
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人们更易于“浅谈”而不是“深入交谈”的原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“According to new research, it may be due to miscalculated expectations, and changing them could foster deeper connections.”（根据新的研究，这可能是由于错误的预期，改变他们可以培养更深的联系。）可知，人们害怕或避免亲密的交谈的原因是由于错误的预期。故答案为：It may be due to miscalculated expectations./ Because of miscalculated expectations. / Because people have miscalculated expectations.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，阻碍人们与他人建立更深层次联系在于参与者交谈之前的一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。故答案为：It is the assumptions that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“A single reminder likely isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, Epley warns. But making the effort to engage in just a few positive interactions could help someone mentally reset. ”（Epley 警告说，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。但是，努力参与一些积极的互动可以帮助人们在精神上重置。）可知，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。所以给出句子中“A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions”（一个简单的提醒就可以永久地改变我们的假设）与文意不符，故答案为：A single reminder can permanently change our assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset. According to the passage, a single reminder isn’t enough to permanently change miscalculated assumptions, but we still need to engage in positive interactions to help us mentally reset.
【43题详解】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据文章第二段中“In a series of studies published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, participants either engaged in “shallow” conversations (speaking, for example, about their sleep schedule or how often they get haircuts) or “deep” discussions (covering embarrassing moments or what they’re grateful for). ”（在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上发表的一系列研究中，参与者要么进行“浅谈”的谈话(例如，谈论他们的睡眠时间表或者他们多久剪一次头发) ，要么进行“深入”的讨论(讨论尴尬的时刻或者他们感激的事情)。）第三段第一句“The noticeable difference between participants’ expectations and their actual experience seemed rooted in the assumption that conversation partners wouldn’t care about the details of their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumption could be a barrier to forming deeper connections with others, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，在交谈前，人们都会做一个假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节，这个假设的建立会阻碍我们进行深入的交谈。说明“浅谈”不会涉及一个人的生活细节等隐私问题，所以我更喜欢浅显易懂的谈话，因为我们需要遵守社交礼仪，这样才不会让别人觉得被冒犯了。此外，人们的性格不同，所以尊重他们的界限，避免他们可能视为隐私的信息是礼貌和体贴的。故答案为：I prefer to have a shallow conversation because there is social etiquette that we need to observe in order not to make others feel offended. Besides, people differ in personalities so it is polite and considerate to respect their boundaries and avoid information they might view as privacy. (48 words)
第二节(20分)
44.【答案】Hello, everyone.
I’m very delighted to share with you a traditional Chinese delicacy I’ve learned to make from my parents, dumplings.
As one of the most iconic dishes in Chinese cuisine, dumplings are shaped like silver ingots, representing wealth. When making dumplings, you need to wrap the fillings made of vegetables, meat or seafood with thin pieces of dough. After they are made, you need to put them into boiling water to get them well cooked.
Making dumplings requires teamwork and patience. It is also rewarding to spend time working with family members. This online sharing offers me a chance to understand our Chinese food culture better.
Hope you can try it yourself and I’m expecting to appreciate delicacies from your culture.
That’s all. Thank you. （120 words）
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生用英语写一份发言稿，介绍一道美食并简述做法，同时谈谈学做这道美食的感受及学校举办这次活动的意义。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：delighted → pleased
象征，代表：represent → stand for
要求：require → demand
提供，给与：offer → give
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：As one of the most iconic dishes in Chinese cuisine, dumplings are shaped like silver ingots, representing wealth.
转换句：As one of the most iconic dishes in Chinese cuisine, dumplings are shaped like silver ingots, which represent wealth.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When making dumplings, you need to wrap the fillings made of vegetables, meat or seafood with thin pieces of dough. (运用了状语从句的省略)
【高分句型2】 Making dumplings requires teamwork and patience. (运用了动名词短语作主语)