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高考英语二轮复习题型组合练(一)含答案
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(2023·广东揭阳四校联考高三二模)The Best Way t Nap
A study published in the jurnal Heart fund a link between healthy napping(打盹)and a lwered risk f heart disease.The American Psychlgical Assciatin pints ut that naps can imprve memry,learning capacity and md.Sara Mednick,PhD,a neurscience at the University f Califrnia explains that when yu fall asleep,yur bdy mves thrugh stages that each play a rle in health.Ideal napping times are based arund this furstage cycle.
Nt a regular napper?That's OK.“Everyne needs t rest,but nt everyne necessarily needs t nap,” says Mednick.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在Heart上发表的一个关于午睡的研究报告,报告称午睡主要分为四个阶段,每个阶段的时长、功能和特征都不一样。
1.During which phase may yu have a dream?
A.Stage 1. B.Stage 2.
C.Stage 3. D.Stage 4.
解析:细节理解题。根据Stage 4中的“REM(rapid eye mvement)sleep,when brain activity increases and yu're mst likely t dream[REM(快速眼动)睡眠,大脑活动增加,你最有可能做梦]”可知,在第四阶段你很可能会做梦。
答案:D
2.Hw lng may the first 3 stages last?
A.A quarter. B.One hur.
C.Half an hur. D.One and a half hurs.
解析:细节理解题。根据The 60minute nap中“Mst peple start t mve ut f Stage 3 after arund 60 minutes(大多数人在大约60分钟后开始走出第三阶段)”可知,一般60分钟左右就会离开第三阶段,说明第三阶段持续一个小时。
答案:B
3.Which sectin is the text prbably taken frm in a newspaper?
A.News B.Educatin.
C.Lifestyle. D.Health.
解析:推理判断题。第一段提到“A study published in the jurnal Heart fund a link between healthy napping(打盹)and a lwered risk f heart disease.The American Psychlgical Assciatin pints ut that naps can imprve memry,learning capacity and md.(发表在《心脏》杂志上的一项研究发现,健康的午睡与降低心脏病风险之间存在联系。美国心理协会指出,小睡可以改善记忆力、学习能力和情绪。)”健康的午睡能降低心脏病的风险,并且可以改善记忆力、学习能力和情绪,这些都是与健康有关的。同时,后文提到关于午睡的四个阶段及其好处,由此判断,这篇文章应属于健康范畴,应该是选自健康专栏。
答案:D
B
[2023·广东大湾区普高毕业班联考(二)]My lve fr animals began thrugh watching wildlife dcumentaries when I was a kid.I went n t study Envirnmental Science at university,and became interested in marine(海洋的) bilgy when I did my master's degree.That's when I realised that there was a pssibility t d mre fr Hng Kng.
In Hng Kng,many peple wuld assciate marine life nly with seafd,and few peple wuld cnsider it as a part f nature t be appreciated.Althugh ur marine life is highly diverse,ur waters have been verfished fr mre than 40 years.Recrds shw that,decades ag,Hng Kng had such high prductin f seafd that it supprted abut 90% f the lcal demand.Tday,at least 90% f the seafd we eat has t be imprted t meet lcal demand,as ur waters are s verfished that they can n lnger supprt the lcal appetite.
Despite this shift,we are still a city in lve with seafd—accrding t the Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins,Hng Knng has the secnd highest annual seafd cnsumptin per capita(人均)in Asia—but cnsumers are barely aware f where their seafd cmes frm and which species are threatened.
There is a lt f rm fr imprvement in Hng Kng.Imprving lcal fishery management plicies and increasing the cverage f Marine Prtected Areas,as well as cnducting the relevant research t infrm decisins,culd mve the city twards greater sustainability in this area.And cnsumers shuld avid eating seafd that is n the threatened species list.As a general rule f thumb,if peple are nt sure what the species is,they shuld chse smething else that they are mre familiar with.
With the marine ecsystem already weak and easily destryed,the greatest threat is cntinued ignrance and inactin.It is time fr us t shw that we can als be a part f the slutin. If each persn plays their part—even fr just ne meal a day—Hng Kng wuld already be n its way t making cnsiderable prgress twards sustainable seafd cnsumptin.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文。作者描述了香港海域过度捕捞及香港人对海鲜需求量大的现状,提出了改变现状的建议,并呼吁人人都应从自身做起,保护海洋生态。
4.Hw des the authr intrduce verfishing in Paragraph 2?
A.By listing reasns. B.By ffering examples.
C.By giving exact figures. D.By making cmparisns.
解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中“Recrds shw that,decades ag,Hng Kng had such high prductin f seafd that it supprted abut 90% f the lcal demand.Tday,at least 90% f the seafd we eat has t be imprted t meet lcal demand,as ur waters are s verfished that they can n lnger supprt the lcal appetite.(记录显示,几十年前,香港的海产品产量很高,能满足约90%的本地需求。今天,我们吃的至少90%的海鲜必须进口才能满足当地的需求,因为我们的水域过度捕捞,已经无法满足当地的需求。)”可知作者是通过对比香港几十年前与现在当地海鲜供应来源的不同来比较和呈现香港海域过度捕捞的现状。
答案:D
5.What is true abut HK peple accrding t the passage?
A.They all see marine life as a part f nature.
B.They cnsume 90% f the seafd in Asia.
C.They have a rather big appetite fr seafd.
D.They are aware f the surce f the seafd.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tday,at least 90% f the seafd we eat has t be imprted t meet lcal demand,as ur waters are s verfished that they can n lnger supprt the lcal appetite.(今天,我们吃的至少90%的海鲜必须进口才能满足当地的需求,因为我们的水域过度捕捞,已经无法满足当地的需求。)”以及第三段中的“Hng Knng has the secnd highest annual seafd cnsumptin per capita(人圴)in Asia”(香港每年的人均海产品消费量在亚洲排名第二)可知,香港人对海鲜的需求量很大。
答案:C
6.What des the authr suggest peple d when eating seafd?
A.Keep ff unfamiliar species.
B.Ignre dangerus species.
C.Chse endangered species.
D.Avid nnthreatened species.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“As a general rule f thumb,if peple are nt sure what the species is,they shuld chse smething else that they are mre familiar with.(一般来说,如果人们不确定这个物种是什么,他们应该选择他们更熟悉的东西。)”可知,作者建议人们远离不熟悉的物种。
答案:A
7.What is the authr's purpse f writing this article?
A.T stp cnsuming seafd.
B.T prtect the marine ecsystem.
C.T imprve lcal fishery management plicies.
D.T criticize the verfishing situatin in Hng Kng.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段“With the marine ecsystem already weak and easily destryed,the greatest threat is cntinued ignrance and inactin.It is time fr us t shw that we can als be a part f the slutin.If each persn plays their part—even fr just ne meal a day— Hng Kng wuld already be n its way t making cnsiderable prgress twards sustainable seafd cnsumptin.(海洋生态系统已经很脆弱,很容易遭到破坏,最大的威胁是继续无知和不作为。现在是我们表明我们也可以成为解决方案一部分的时候了。如果每个人都能尽自己的一份力——即使每天一顿饭——香港在可持续海鲜消费方面已经取得了相当大的进展。)”可知,作者的写作目的是为了保护海洋生态系统。
答案:B
C
(2023·济南高三模拟考试)There is nthing quite like enjying the sights,sunds and culture f a city while tasting a cup f cffee utdrs.But it is nt that enjyable when heat waves sweep the city.An utdr cling system prduced by Green Kinnk,an Israeli(以色列的)cmpany,began t be tested in Tel Aviv.The sweltering city is a perfect place t try the new technlgy.
With glbal warming heating up the temperature,it will sn be t ht t sit utside in cafes.While utdr cling systems have existed fr a while,mst f them use sme srt f water r a misting system t cl the air arund them,cnsuming t much water and pwer.After tw years f develpment,the perfect slutin t the prblem was fund.“We have invented a new generatin f air cnditiners,” Green Kinnk's CEO Leizer said.
As Leizer intrduced,the energy is frm the pressure created between liquid nitrgen(氮)and gas nitrgen.When liquid nitrgen at -196 ℃ turns int gas,it prduces a very strng pressure and the pressure is used t run a mechanical engine.It is the mechanical engine that slwly releases freezing nitrgen gas t cl dwn the air arund it.
The technlgy is unique and amazing.Beynd the clness f the cncept,it als has ther advantages.The wrk unit desn't need t be pwerdriven,and desn't blw ut harmful warm air as it wrks.As fr the ptential price,it will prbably be n mre expensive than any ther air cnditiner.In additin,the liquid nitrgen cntainer will need t be replaced every seven t ten days,depending n usage.This makes it an affrdable ptin fr all srts f businesses.The cling system is expected t be n the market in 2024.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。以色列一家公司研发出了一套新型户外冷却系统,该系统有望在2024年面世。
8.What des the underlined wrd“sweltering”in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Warm. B.Dry.
C.Ht. D.Freezing.
解析:词句猜测题。根据画线词前面的“An utdr cling system”可知,这个户外系统的功能是冷却,因此,如果该城市是试用这个户外冷却系统的最佳城市,那么可以推测这个城市肯定很热,故C项与画线词的意义最为接近。
答案:C
9.What prblem des the existing utdr cling systems have?
A.They are wasteful.
B.They verheat easily.
C.They ften break dwn.
D.They are slw t cl the air.
解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“mst f them use sme srt f water r a misting system t cl the air arund them,cnsuming t much water and pwer”可知,现有的户外冷却系统会消耗太多的水电,由此可以推断,它们比较浪费。
答案:A
10.What des Paragraph 3 mainly explain?
A.What pwers the engine.
B.What turns liquid int gas.
C.Hw the pressure is frmed.
D.Hw the new system wrks.
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“the energy is frm the prduces a very strng pressure and the pressure is used t run a mechanical freezing nitrgen gas t cl dwn the air arund it”可知,第三段主要解释了该新型冷却系统的整个运行原理,故D项正确。
答案:D
11.What is the purpse f this text?
A.T prmte a cmpany.
B.T settle an energy crisis.
C.T intrduce a technlgy.
D.T market a misting system.
解析:推理判断题。本文第一段中的“An utdr cling t be tested in Tel Aviv”点明文章主题;第二段讲述了现有的户外冷却系统的问题;第三段讲述了这种新型冷却系统的工作原理;第四段讲述了这种新型冷却系统的优势和前景。由此可知,本文的目的是介绍一种新技术。
答案:C
D
(2023·南京盐城市高三二模)Amng my friends,ne tpic seems t dminate their cnversatins:bnes.It makes sense,given that 20 percent f American wmen ver 50 have steprsis(骨质疏松)and that mre than half have bne lss.Fr men,the figures are lwer:4 percent and a third.Wrldwide,ne ut f three wmen ver 50 and ne ut f five lder men will develp a fracture(骨折).Anther reasn fr the endless argument abut bne prblems is mass cnfusin ver hw t strengthen yur bnes best and whether diet really makes a difference.
Diet research is always messy,and study results n nutritin and bne health haven't been cnsistent.But gradually sme clarity is emerging.As we draw up reslutins fr what t eat,it's useful t lk at new data n vitamin D.Calcium is the key element fr building bnes,and vitamin D helps t absrb calcium frm the fd we eat,s dctrs ften recmmend D supplements (补充物)t make up fr agerelated bne lss.
But a recent study fund that taking D supplements fr five years did nt reduce the rate f fractures in senirs.That result built n earlier findings,led by the same team,that these supplements d nt imprve bne density(密度).“Fd and sun expsure likely prvide enugh vitamin D fr healthy adults,”says Meryl LeBff,wh led the study.
What des help maintain strng bnes fr all f us?The easy answer is fd high in calcium,such as milk and tfu.“Getting it frm fd is best,”LeBff says,“because there are s many ther nutrients(营养物),and yu have mre cntinuus absrptin than frm D supplements.”
The ther key element f bne health invlves calries ut rather than calries in.Weight bearing exercise stimulates bne frmatin thrughut life.S while fcusing n better nutritinal chices,add mre exercise t yur daily menu.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明服用补充维生素D五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率,但高钙食物和运动有助于增强骨骼健康。
12.What d the statistics in Paragraph 1 emphasize?
A.The seriusness f bne prblems.
B.The cncern abut senir citizens.
C.The cnfusin abut strengthening bnes.
D.The imprtance f having a balanced diet.
解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It makes develp a fracture(骨折)”可知,这些数据表明美国男性女性的骨质疏松问题严重,世界范围内男性女性发生骨折现象也比比皆是。故该段中用真实数据强调了现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性。
答案:A
13.What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply?
A.Diet research is n lnger a challenge.
B.We've made reslutins t study diets.
C.Findings n bne health prve t be similar.
D.We begin t agree n ways t keep bnes healthy.
解析:词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Diet research is always messy,and study results n nutritin and bne health haven't been cnsistent”和But表转折可知,前文讲关于营养和骨骼健康的研究结果也不一致,后文应该讲就保持骨骼健康一事大家达成了共识;本段中的“s dctrs ften recmmend D supplements(补充物)t make up fr agerelated bne lss”也是提示。
答案:D
14.What can be inferred frm the recent study?
A.Peple can absrb vitamin D in fd easily.
B.The findings g against LeBff's earlier nes.
C.D supplements play a minr rle than expected.
D.Fractures are linked with weightbearing exercise.
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But a recent study supplements d nt imprve bne density(密度)”可知,最近的研究表明,维生素D补充剂没能起到预期效果,即减少老年人的骨折率。再根据第四段中的“because there are s many ther nutrients(营养物),and yu have mre cntinuus absrptin than frm D supplements”可知,还有其他营养物质吸收效果好于维生素D。两者都明确表明维生素D对保持骨骼的健康而言效果不佳。
答案:C
15.What is a suitable title fr the text?
A.Recipes fr better bnes
B.Yur bnes cry!
C.The magic f D supplements
D.Vitamin D wins!
解析:主旨大意题。第一段主要讲现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性;第二段主要讲渐渐地人们开始形成保持骨骼健康问题的方法——吃维生素D补充剂;根据第三段中的“But a recent study in senirs”可知,维生素D补充剂在减少老年人骨折方面没有起到预期效果。再根据第四段中的“What des and tfu”和第五段可知,要想保持强健的骨骼,最简单的方式是吃含钙高的食物,比如牛奶和豆腐,另一种方法是多进行日常锻炼。由此可知,本文给人们提供了两种更好的强健骨骼的诀窍。故A项作本文的标题最佳。
答案:A
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
[2023·石家庄高三质检(二)]Back pain can make it difficult fr many peple t functin in everyday life.__16__ If yu suffer frm back pain,read n fr fur everyday fixes.
Our bdies need adequate mvement thrughut the day t avid the stiffness(僵硬)that cntributes t aches and pains.If the weather is gd,dn't hunt fr the nearest parking spt;dn't take the elevatr when yu have the ptin f ne r tw flights f stairs.When yu need t sit fr lng perids,set a timer t get up every hur and be active fr just a few minutes.__17__
When we veruse ur dminant side,we create muscle patterns f weakness and tensin that increase pain,especially in ur backs.Cnsider the actins yu take repeatedly thrughut the day that shift yur weight t ne side.__18__ And use yur ppsite hand every s ften fr basic activities,such as pening drs.
Psychlgical stress is a nted risk factr fr back pain,accrding t research.Mst mental stress is caused by fcusing n the past r future.__19__ A few minutes a day f mindfulness can g a lng way tward minimizing the impact f stress.Additinally,mindfulness practices like tai chi have all shwn effectiveness in reducing back pain.
__20__ That is,yu can create a game plan f daily activities t practice fr back health.If yur back hurts at the end f the day,dn't just decide it is a “bad”day.Ask yurself if yu have practiced the activities t help yu avid the stress and tensin.Taking an active,dailylife apprach t maintaining a healthy bdy is the key t keeping back pain at bay.
A.Switch sides when yu carry things.
B.It affects hw yu mve,feel and think.
C.Yu shuld learn mre abut the cause f yur pain.
D.Apprach the health f yur back as a respnsibility.
E.S actively being mindful f the present reduces stress.
F.Yu'd better take a quick break t check in with yur breathing.
G.Mre minutes f mvement add up t big health benefits ver time.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些缓解背部疼痛的方法。
16.解析:空前“Back pain can make it difficult fr many peple t functin in everyday life”提到了背部疼痛会使许多人在日常生活中难以正常工作。B项中It指代上文中的Back pain,进一步解释背痛的影响,符合语境。故选B项。
答案:B
17.解析:分析语境寻线索:空前讲要每小时站起来一下,活跃几分钟就行,故空处可能会与“积少成多”有关→对比选项定答案:F项“随着时间的推移,运动时间的增加对健康有很大的好处”符合语境,故选G项。
答案:G
18.解析:上文“Cnsider the actins yu take repeatedly thrughut the day that shift yur weight t ne side”提到考虑一下你每天重复做的那些让你的体重向一边转移的动作。下文“And use yur ppsite hand every s ften fr basic activities,such as pening drs”提到经常用另一只手做一些基本的活动,比如开门。A项中的Switch是关键词,与上文的“”和下文的ppsite hand相呼应,故选A项“拿东西的时候换一边”。
答案:A
19.解析:上文“Mst mental stress is caused by fcusing n the past r future”提到引起精神压力的因素是聚焦于过去或将来,所以E项“所以,积极地关注当下可以减少压力”能承接上文内容,符合语境。E选项中的the present是关键词,与上文的the past r future呼应。
答案:E
20.解析:此处考查本段的主旨句。空后讲述了采取积极的日常生活方式来保持健康的身体是防止背痛的关键。D项中respnsibility是关键词,与下文呼应,故选D项“把处理背部健康视为一种责任”。
答案:DStage 1
the“dzing ff”(打瞌睡)perid
Stage 2
muscles,heart rate and brain activity slw dwn
Stage 3
deep,restrative sleep
Stage 4
REM(rapid eye mvement)sleep,when brain activity increases and yu're mst likely t dream
The 20minute nap
Between 20 and 30 minutes is ne napping sweet spt,accrding t Mednick,wh explains that yu get enugh Stage 2 sleep t switch yur bdy and mind int full relaxatin mde,aiding with memry.
The 60minute nap
Stage 3 sleep is a time fr yur bdy t repair tissue,strengthen the immune(免疫)system and recharge energy stres.But waking up during this phase can make yu feel uncmfrtable and sleepy,Mednick says.Mst peple start t mve ut f Stage 3 after arund 60 minutes,which makes it a gd time t set yur alarm.
The 90minute nap
A cmplete sleep cycle is abut an hur and a half,and napping fr a full cycle can have big benefits.But naps lnger than 90 minutes can disturb nighttime sleep and might even weaken memry.
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