2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第33讲阅读七选五-段中设空题（Word版附解析）

这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第33讲阅读七选五-段中设空题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 命题规律及备考策略， C， D 17， D 36， B 18，【解析】等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第33讲 阅读七选五-段中设空题（核心考点精讲精练）


1. 三年真题七选五-段中设空题考点细目表
试卷
年份
体裁
主题语境
文章结构
选项特征
设空位置
段首 段中 段位
乙卷
2023
说明文
人与自然-室内植物、及其好处
总—分
残缺句＋完整句
0
3
2
甲卷
2023
说明文
人与自我--变得有耐心的方法
总—分
残缺句＋完整句
1
3
1
新高考Ⅰ卷
2023
说明文
人与自我--学会自我原谅
总—分—总
完整句
0
4
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
2023
说明文
人与自我--怎样开启艺术之旅
总—分—总
完整句
1
3
1
全 国卷
Ⅰ/全国
乙卷
2022
应用文
人与社会——人际关系
总—分
残缺句＋完整句
3
1
1
2021
说明文
人与社会——人际交往
总—分—总
残缺句＋完整句
2
2
1
2020
说明文
人与自我——自我接纳
总—分
完整句
1
3
1
2019
说明文
人与自然——新鲜空气有助于健康
总—分
完整句
2
3
0
全 国卷
Ⅱ/全国
甲卷
2022
说明文
人与社会——社会与文化
总—分—总
残缺句＋完整句
1
3
1
2021
说明文
人与自然——环境保护
总—分
残缺句＋完整句
1
4
0
2020
说明文
人与社会——表情符号与职场交流
并列式
残缺句＋完整句
1
4
0
2019
议论文
人与自我——有动力的方法
总—分
完整句
1
4
0
全国
卷Ⅲ
2020
说明文
人与社会——乔迁聚会
总—分
完整句
2
2
1
2019
说明文
人与自我——建立健康有益的互动交流
总—分
完整句
1
3
1


2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年命题的命题来看，此种题主要考查前后句子的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，和句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。
1）选材特点：一般为300词左右的短文，以记叙文和说明文常见。
2）设空特点：一般有五种：标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类、语篇拓展类。
【备考策略】
1. 宏观把握文章的篇章结构，理清行文的逻辑线索和文章脉络。当设空处位于首段末尾或段首时，考虑它是否为总起句或段落主题句，以此作为破题点，便可以快速选出正确答案。
2. 做题时可以圈定一些题干中和选项中的关键线索（比如代词、设空处后的逗号等），这些线索可以帮助我们排除选项。比如，代词的作用就是指代前面提及的名词或句子，根据指代关系和代词的单复数差异可以快速解题。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2024年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文为主，段中句也是考查重点，至少设空2-3题。



题型总览
段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类:总分关系、解释关系、转折关系, 因果关系、递进关系，并列关系和例证关系。


考点一 考查句子逻辑关系

逻辑连接是组织文章最主要的方式，语义逻辑构成了语篇的框架。对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读时能有效地找出其连接的对应点，是学生解答“七选五”的关键。
“七选五”中常见的逻辑连接可以归类为六种：
（1） 并列选择，指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
（2） 顺承递进，指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
（3） 转折对比，指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；
（4） 因果目的，指选项与前后句构成因果关系；
（5） 概括阐释，指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
（6） 例证关系，指后句是前句的具体实例。




1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. ____36____ But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.


【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。设空处和前面是层递关系。
2. (2020年浙江高考)My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait (特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
F．Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
【答案】F　
【解析】根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项(于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣。)和前句构成因果关系，“我”正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始对制造东西产生兴趣。故选F。


【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期5月第二次联考】
Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with. ____36____ Here are a few tips that will eventually help you lift the spirit of a sad person.
Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care. ____37____ This can make them feel relaxed and open to you. This can also help them recognize that you are there to help them go through this moment. With no kind and loving words, your actions have already said a lot.
____38____ Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll get over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her through the sad moment.
Use the right tone of voice. ____39____ They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener. To convey your words with faith that would create a positive effect on the sad person, you would need to say it with the right tone of voice.
Listen patiently. People ask lots of questions but they end up paying little attention to getting the feedback (反馈) that they wanted. Don’t be that person. After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time. ____40____
A．Say kind loving words.
B．Make use of polite expressions.
C．Then choose to appreciate others too.
D．Remember that words do not stand alone.
E．It will help you know how to offer the best fitting help.
F．This knowledge is gained through research and practice.
G．When you do this to someone, they can feel your warmth.
【答案】36．F 37．G 38．A 39．D 40．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何照顾一个伤心的人。
36．根据上文“Learning how to care for a sad person will help you be there for your loved ones and friends when they are down. However, knowing how to care for a sad person is not something an individual is born with.(学习如何关心一个伤心的人会帮助你在你爱的人和朋友倒下的时候陪在他们身边。然而，知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的)”可知，上文提到“知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的”，说明需要通过研究和实践获得，F选项This knowledge对应上文knowing how to care for a sad person。故F选项“这些知识是通过研究和实践获得的”符合语境，故选F。
37．根据上文“Give a hug. Hugging someone shows your affection and care.(给一个拥抱。拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心)”以及后文“This can make them feel relaxed and open to you.(这会让他们感到放松，对你敞开心扉)”可知，拥抱某人表示你的爱和关心，所以当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖。故G选项“当你对别人这样做时，他们能感受到你的温暖”承接上文，指出拥抱某人的好处，符合语境，故选G。
38．根据后文“Now, go on and say some kind words. Words like “I’m here”, “we are in this together”, “you’ll get over this”, “lean on me” and so on, can help a sad person feel better and know that you’re there to take him/her through the sad moment.(现在，继续说几句好话吧。像“我在这里”、“我们在一起”、“你会挺过来的”、“依靠我”之类的话，可以帮助悲伤的人感觉好一点，让他们知道你会陪着他/她度过悲伤的时刻)”可知，本段主要关于对别人说一些暖心的话语，故A选项“说些亲切的爱的话”符合语境，故选A。
39．根据上文“Use the right tone of voice.(使用正确的语气)”以及后文“They go along with tone to convey a meaning to the listener.(它们配合语气向听者传达意思)”可知，后文提到言语配合语气向听者传达意思，说明不是孤立的，D选项words对应后文they。故D选项“记住，言语不是孤立的”符合语境，故选D。
40．根据上文“After asking the questions, listen patiently to know what the sad person would appreciate at that time.(问完问题后，耐心地听，知道那个悲伤的人当时会感激什么)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明倾听的作用：帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助，故E选项“它将帮助你知道如何提供最合适的帮助”符合语境，故选E。

考点二考查高频词复现

1）复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
2）同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。


【典例1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40.　　　　 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. 
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法,其中包括列举自己的优点、列举自己做过的好事、让别人写下自己的优点等。
40.G　根据空后内容“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.”(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)可知,作者认为犯错并不是性格中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长的。选项G “Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.”符合语境。故选G。选项中的mistake和文章中的mistakes是原词复现。
【典例2】　(2022·全国乙卷·节选)
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 ．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】　空前一句提到“确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过了，了解你们想要相互联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效”，再根据空后介绍的具体的交流方式可推出，本空讲的是“朋友需要讨论各自喜欢的交流方式”。E项中的methods与空前一句中的method为原词复现，同时E项中的communication与空前一句中的communicated相呼应。故选E。


【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】
Living in the moment is not always easy. Sometimes our thoughts are overwhelmed by regrets about past events or anxiety about the future, which can make it hard to enjoy the present. If you are having a hard time living in the moment, there are some simple strategies that may help.
●Change a routine.___16___One way that you can become more aware is to change up your routine. You can do something as simple as changing the way that you drive to work or changing the way you introduce yourself.
●Learn how to meditate (冥想). Meditation is a great way to train your brain to live in the moment. Learning to meditate takes time, practice, and guidance. ___17___. If no classes are available, you can also buy CDs that will help you learn how to meditate.
●Be grateful for breaks. Instead of becoming impatient when you have to wait for something, practise being grateful for the extra time to notice your surroundings.___18___For example, if you have to wait in a long line to purchase your morning coffee, take that time to observe your surroundings. As you do so, think about what you are grateful for in that moment.
●___19___Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others. The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings.
●Smile and laugh more often. Living in the moment can be a challenge if you are in a bad mood or just feeling a little down, but smiling and laughing can make you feel better even you force yourself to smile and laugh.___20___
A．Do kind things for others.
B．You’d better find a meditation class in your area.
C．Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time.
D．To get started with meditation, find a quiet spot and get comfortable.
E．Being grateful is an important principle of life and a great wisdom.
F．You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life.
G．Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away.
【答案】16．F 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们几条关于如何活在当下的建议。
16．根据段落小标题“Change a routine. (改变常规。)”可知，本段的建议是要打破常规，F项中的“you are too set in your life”和标题中的“routine”F项：You may not be living in the moment because you are too set in your life. (你可能无法活在当下，因为你的生活太一成不变了。)是对小标题的进一步解释说明，符合语境。故选F。
17．根据段落小标题“Learn how to meditate (冥想). (学会如何冥想。)”可知，本段的建议是学会冥想，B项中的“a meditation class ”与标题中的“meditate”对应，与下文的“If no classes are available”也是呼应的。B项：You’d better find a meditation class in your area. (你最好在你所在的地区找一个冥想班。)符合语境。故选B。
18．根据此空前一句“the extra time (额外的时间)”的提示以及本段首句“Be grateful for breaks. (对休息心存感激。)”可知，本段建议要享受额外的休息时间。C项：Treat the extra time as a break and appreciate the time. (把额外的时间当作休息，珍惜这段时间。)符合语境。故选C。
19．空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Performing random acts of kindness can help you to live in the moment by refocusing your attention on what’s happening in front of you. Look for small things that you can do to show kindness to others. The kind acts that you perform will help you to slow down and notice your surroundings. (做一些随意的善举可以帮助你活在当下，把你的注意力重新集中在你面前发生的事情上。寻找你能做的小事来表达对他人的善意。你所做的善事会帮助你放慢脚步，注意你周围的环境。)”可知，本段主要建议要做善事。A项：Do kind things for others. (为别人做好事。)符合语境。故选A。
20．根据段落小标题“Smile and laugh more often. (经常微笑和大笑。)”可知，本段建议的关键词是“smile”。G项：Even if you put on an affected smile, you should start to feel better right away. (即使你装出一副做作的笑容，你也应该马上开始感觉好起来。)符合语境。故选G。


考点三 考查前后句子中的代词指代
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。

（2023年新高考I卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____39____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】19. C
【解析】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
　【典例2】(2022·全国甲卷·节选)
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 ．
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【解析】根据本段小标题Chopstick Rules可知，本段主要讲述的是筷子的使用规则。根据上文When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。F项讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中F项中的them指的是上文的chopsticks。


[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. ____1____
...
Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. ____5____
A．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是社交媒体是生活中的一部分及其对生活的影响。
1．G根据空前的“They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts.(他们利用其中一些时间在社交媒体帐户上发布图片并创建个人资料。)”可知，此处讲述的是青少年们在社交媒体中所作的事情，G选项“Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.(他们所做的大部分工作是阅读和回复朋友和家人的帖子。)”中所描述的也是青少年在社交媒体中所做的事情，其中的they指代与上文的teens一致。故选G。
 5．E根据空前的“But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are.(但是帖子可能会夸大我们的朋友和其他人的感觉，使他们看起来比我们快乐得多。)”可知，帖子可能会使得他们看起来比我们更快乐，E选项“And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.(这可能会不恰当地让我们觉得自己不如他们成功。)”中描述的内容与空前内容相对应，且其中的代词them以及us空前内容指代一致。故选E。

考点四 考查前后句子相似结构

（2022年全国甲卷）
...
Making Requests
___39 It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
第一步:
确定考查题型特点(段首句)。
第二步:
分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。
根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。
第三步:
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为B。


（2023·山东师范大学附属中学高三6月试题）
The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty? 1 Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one)? Thinking positively, with a belief that most things will turn out well, is called optimism — and it’s known to boost your well-being. The good news is that everybody can learn to think more positively.
2
Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.
Worrying is like a fire alarm.
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe — if you were never worried and were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks. “ 3 It’s like a fire alarm,” says child psychotherapist Rachel Melville-Thomas. “The trouble is that sometimes it goes off when there isn’t a huge danger to face.” When this happens, you can feel anxious and hopeless about what lies ahead.
Learn to think positively.
Optimism is shaped by your genes which carry characteristics inherited from your parents and by what happens to you. 4 Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade. 5
A．Your genes will in turn help obtain it.
B．This question makes you lost in thought.
C．Why is thinking positively good for you?
D．Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.
E．Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.
F．However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.
G．This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．F 5．D
【文章大意】本文是说明文。主要介绍了积极的思考带来的好处，以及怎么样学会积极的思考。
1．根据前文“Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty?(你的牛奶是半满的还是半空的?)”以及后文“Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one)?(他们关注的是积极的一面(半满的杯子)还是消极的一面(半空的杯子)?)”可知，空处应是对前一句的解释，前句是做什么用的，所以G项“This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.(这句话经常被用来测试人们在某种情况下的看法)”符合文意，其中This saying指代前文那句话。故选G项。
2．分析设空，可知是本段的小标题，是对本段的概括，根据下文“Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.(研究表明，乐观和积极思考的人在面对生活挑战时往往会经历更少的压力，并能很好地应对。更悲观的人(认为最坏的事情会发生)可能很难相信这些挑战会过去)”可知，本段主要讲述了，乐观和积极思考的好处，所以C项“Why is thinking positively good for you?(为什么积极思考对你有好处?)”符合文意。故选C项。
3．根据前文“Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe—if you were never worried and were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks.(每个人都会时不时地担心。担心可以帮助你保持安全——如果你从不担心，对事情的结果过于乐观，你就不会意识到风险)”可知，本段主要讲述了担心的好处，在根据本段小标题“Worrying is like a fire alarm.(忧虑就像火警)”，可知E项“Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.(担心是我们的大脑警告我们有危险。)”符合本段主题，其中Worrying为同词复现。故选E项。
4．根据前文“Optimism is shaped by your genes, which carry characteristics inherited from your parents, and by what happens to you.(乐观是由你的基因塑造的，它带有从你父母那里遗传来的特征，也由你身上发生的事情决定)”以及后文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive —for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade. (研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助——例如，你弹吉他的画面，已经通过了下一个等级)”可知，F项“However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.(然而，无论你的出发点是什么，每个人都可以学习它)”和前文构成转折关系，且和后文构成顺承关系。故选F项。
5．分析设空，谓语段尾，应是对前文的总结，所以根据前文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade.(研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果是有帮助的——比如，你弹吉他的画面，通过了下一个等级)”可知，前文讲述想象积极的结果是有帮助的，所以D项“Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.(想象这个可以激励你致力于去实现它)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选D项。



过关检测
（2023·重庆·重庆市育才中学校考三模）How to develop personal accountability
Personal accountability means taking responsibility for your life. It plays a significant role in the fulfillment you get from your personal and professional life. 1 These five strategies will help you start being accountable today.
Be self-aware.
Whenever you want to make excuses for your behavior, step back and evaluate your emotions from a sensible place. Whether at work or in your personal life, be willing to step up and take responsibility, even if you are afraid of what will happen if things go wrong.
Turn your “shoulds” into “musts”.
2 Start with turning your “shoulds” into “musts.” Our lives are filled with things we “should” do. To turn these goals into “musts,” connect them to your purpose in life. Understand that they are essential to your happiness. Make a promise to yourself to live with no regrets.
Set goals.
Setting goals (even small ones) and achieving them allows you to demonstrate that you can hold yourself accountable. 3
Watch your words.
Everyone has an inner monolog (独白) that affects the way we interact with the world. That little voice turns into the behaviors we engage in and the words we choose to speak. 4 Next time something goes wrong notice how you react.
5
Ask a friend to hold you accountable for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common goal. For example if you’re both training to run a race set up check-ins to see how the other is doing.
A．Transform your mindset.
B．Conduct emotional evaluation.
C．Have an accountability partner.
D．However, many people struggle with it.
E．When you achieve your goals, take time to celebrate in your own way.
F．Change your thoughts and think about how to improve yourself.
G．The ability to stop any negative self-talk is vital to positively engaging with others.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．G 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章给出五条培养个人责任感的策略。
1．D项中的it指代上文“Personal accountability means taking responsibility for your life.(个人责任意味着对自己的生活负责)”中的Personal accountability，D项“However, many people struggle with it. (然而，很多人都在为此挣扎)”介绍很多人不知如何对自己的生活负责，为个人责任挣扎，引起下文“These five strategies will help you start being accountable today. (这五个策略将帮助你从今天开始变得负责任)”讲介绍变得负责任的策略。故选D。
2．下文“Start with turning your “shoulds” into “musts.” (从把“应该”变成“必须”开始)”介绍具体如何转变。结合选项，A项“Transform your mindset. (改变你的思维方式)”介绍转变你的思维方式，与下文语意一致。故选A。
3．小标题“Set goals. (设定目标)”为中心句。结合选项，E项“When you achieve your goals, take time to celebrate in your own way. (当你实现目标时，花点时间用自己的方式庆祝一下)”照应中心句，介绍当目标完成后，自己可以庆祝。“goals”为同词复现。故选E。
4．上文“Everyone has an inner monolog (独白) that affects the way we interact with the world. That little voice turns into the behaviors we engage in and the words we choose to speak. (每个人都有一个内心独白，它影响着我们与世界互动的方式。那个小小的声音变成了我们的行为和我们选择说的话)”介绍我们内心的声音影响着我们与世界互动的方式。结合选项，G项“The ability to stop any negative self-talk is vital to positively engaging with others. (停止任何消极的自言自语的能力对于积极地与他人交往至关重要)”承接上文，符合语境，呼应小标题“Watch your words.(小心你说的话)”讲要注意自己的言行。故选G。
5．设空处为小标题。下文“Ask a friend to hold you accountable for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common goal. (让朋友督促你完成某些目标；如果你们有共同的目标，这一点尤其有用)”介绍一个朋友对目标的完成的重要性。结合选项，C项“Have an accountability partner. (有一个负责任的伙伴)”总领下文，语意一致。故选C。
（2023·贵州遵义·统考三模）As human beings, we’re all guilty of getting things wrong occasionally, whether we are at work or in our personal lives. 6
●Step away from being perfect
When you’re not sure of your own self-worth, you wonder how other people are going to see you. If you don’t feel good about yourself, you might feel like there’s less room for error. The smallest mistake can feel like a disastrous error. Nobody’s perfect. You may make mistakes, especially when you’re starting out. 7
●Turn to social support
Your mistake might feel like a huge event in your life, but chances are others won’t see it as such a big deal. Reaching out to friends or family can help you see the bigger picture and feel more confident. 8 . When you have that softness, and you have relationships that give you confidence, you might be able to take some of life’s challenges with a lighter eye.
● 9
Accepting unavoidable mistakes might help to soften your blow. What you can do after making a mistake is accept that you’ve messed up and promise to be better tomorrow. 10 . Instead of beating yourself up, take a moment to reflect on what you’ve learned from your mistake and how you could handle things for the better in future.
Forgiving yourself after making a mistake isn’t always an easy thing, and beating yourself up doesn’t benefit anyone—So it’s better for you to make changes and move on.
A．Promise to do better.
B．Forgive others’ mistakes.
C．Some people are perfectionists.
D．That’s the way to forgive yourself.
E．Don’t expect perfection in everything you do.
F．However, the value of social support is often overlooked.
G．Here’s how we can forgive ourselves when facing our mistakes.

【答案】6．G 7．E 8．F 9．A 10．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在犯错之后如何宽容自己，乐观面对，从容解决生活中的犯错。
6．根据上文“As human beings, we’re all guilty of getting things wrong occasionally, whether we are at work or in our personal lives. (作为人类，无论是在工作中还是在个人生活中，我们都会因为偶尔出错而感到内疚。)”可知，上文提到一种现象，我们会因为偶尔出错而感到内疚，G项意为“以下是我们在面对错误时如何原谅自己。”选项能够承接上文，且能引起下文，下文介绍的正是我们在面对错误时如何原谅自己的方法。故选G。
7．根据上文“Nobody’s perfect. You may make mistakes, especially when you’re starting out. (没有人是完美的。你可能会犯错误，尤其是在刚开始的时候。)”可知，上文告诉我们，任何人都有可能犯错，E项意为“不要期望你做的每件事都完美。”选项能够承接上文，任何人都有可能犯错，所以不要期望你做的每件事都完美。故选E。
8．根据上文“Reaching out to friends or family can help you see the bigger picture and feel more confident. (与朋友或家人联系可以帮助你看到更大的图景，并感到更加自信。)”可知，上文告诉我们，当我们因犯错而内疚时，可以向家人和朋友求助，F项意为“然而，社会支持的价值往往被忽视。”选项与上文构成转折关系，当我们因犯错而内疚时，可以向家人和朋友求助，但这种方法往往被忽视。故选F。
9．根据下文“Accepting unavoidable mistakes might help to soften your blow. What you can do after making a mistake is accept that you’ve messed up and promise to be better tomorrow. (接受不可避免的错误可能有助于减轻你的打击。在犯了错误之后，你能做的就是接受自己搞砸了，并承诺明天会做得更好。)”可知，上文告诉我们，在我们犯错后，首先要接受错误，同时要承诺下次会做得更好，A项意为“承诺做得更好。”选项能够概括段落主旨，下文具体介绍了怎样让自己做得更好。故选A。
10．根据上文“Accepting unavoidable mistakes might help to soften your blow. What you can do after making a mistake is accept that you’ve messed up and promise to be better tomorrow. (接受不可避免的错误可能有助于减轻你的打击。在犯了错误之后，你能做的就是接受自己搞砸了，并承诺明天会做得更好。)”可知，上文告诉我们，在我们犯错后，首先要接受错误，同时要承诺下次会做得更好，D项意为“这就是原谅自己的方式。”选项能够承接上文，“接受错误并承诺下次会做得更好”是原谅自己的一种方式，且选项中的“forgive yourself”和文章最后一段中的“Forgiving yourself”呼应。故选D。
（2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测）Four Reasons Why Quiet People Are Successful
They listen more than they talk, so they learn a lot
Quiet people don’t fill every conversation with their own thoughts and opinions, and they certainly don’t feel the need to pretend that they know everything. 11 . They then use that information to form an opinion at a later time.
They can gain trust easily
Quiet people have an advantage when it comes to gaining trust because they don’t overreact to things or wear their feelings on their sleeves. 12 . They don’t come across as being pushy or aggressive like some other people who are always trying to get their way. And since quiet people don’t feel pressured to fill every gap in a conversation with words, they’re less likely to make mistakes during presentations or meetings.
They are great planners
Quiet people are often successful because they have great planning skills. 13 . They think about what needs to be done and how to go about it in order to achieve their goals. They ensure everything is done according to plan, so there is little room for doubt or mistakes.
14
Quiet people tend to be more selective about what they focus on, which means they are less likely to be distracted (分心) by other people or things around them. They can focus on a task with single-minded determination and finish it faster than those who talk too much or get distracted easily by their surroundings. 15 .
A．They seldom show off
B．They are more concentrated
C．They often have a lot of fresh ideas
D．Instead, they are more likely to take in what others say
E．For this reason, people who talk less are often seen as more honest
F．They know how to map out their goals and accomplish them efficiently
G．Additionally, quiet individuals also have the ability to concentrate for a long time
【答案】11．D 12．E 13．F 14．B 15．G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了为什么安静的人更成功的四个理由。
11．根据空前“Quiet people don’t fill every conversation with their own thoughts and opinions, and they certainly don’t feel the need to pretend that they know everything.(安静的人不会在对话中强行加入自己的想法和观点，他们也不会想要假装自己知道一切。)”可知，D项“相反，他们更可能会接纳其他人所说的话”是前文的顺义承接，安静的人不会在对话中强行加入自己的观点和想法，相反，他们会接纳其他人的观点，故选D项。
12．根据空前“Quiet people have an advantage when it comes to gaining trust because they don’t overreact to things or wear their feelings on their sleeves.(当谈到获取信任时，安静的人就占优势了。因为他们不会过激反应，也不会把自己的情感表露出来。)”可知，空前提到安静的人不会过激反应，也不会把自己的感情表露出来，因此会更占优势，故E项“因为这个原因，安静的人通常被认为是更加诚实的”符合，安静的人不会过激反应，也会不容易表露自己的情感，因此，更能获得信任，且E项中的“this reason”指代空前的“because they don’t overreact to things or wear their feelings on their sleeves.”，故选E项。
13．根据空前“Quiet people are often successful because they have great planning skills.(安静的人成功的原因是因为他们有着很强的计划能力。)”可知，空前提出安静的人有着更强的计划能力，故F项“他们知道怎样规划自己的目标，并如何有效率地完成这些目标。”符合，本空具体说明规划目标，有效率地完成这些目标的计划能力，故选F项。
14．根据本段内容“Quiet people tend to be more selective about what they focus on, which means they are less likely to be distracted (分心) by other people or things around them.(安静的人往往会选择他们专注的东西，这也就意味着他们很少被周围的人和事分散注意力。)”可知，本段主要介绍安静的人专注力更强，故B项“他们更加有专注力”符合本段小标题，故选B项。
15．根据空前“They can focus on a task with single-minded determination and finish it faster than those who talk too much or get distracted easily by their surroundings.(他们可以以坚定的决心专心于一个任务，并且比起那些喜欢说话，容易被周围的事情分散注意力的人，他们能更快地完成这个任务。)”可知，空前提出安静的人能将注意力完全集中地完成任务，故G项“并且，安静的人也可以有着长时间的专注力”符合，本空与前文递进，安静的人不仅能集中注意力，而且集中注意力的时间也很长，故选G项。
（2023·重庆·重庆南开中学校考三模）For some people, holiday travel includes more than simply getting to their destination. 16 Whether is a way to save money, or spend more time with loved ones—it’s important to keep in mind that you’re a guest in someone’s home. Even if your host in vied you to say and said that it was no trouble at all”, know that accommodating you does take time, energy and possibly money, and the least you can do is not make things harder for them. 17
Showing up un announced
This really should go without saying—and applies to any type of visit to someone’s home, any me of the year-but don’t show up at someone’s door unannounced, or assume you can stay with them without asking first. 18 But if that’s not motivation enough, consider the possibility that they may not be home, or have made other pans, and may not be able to put you up.
Ignoring house rules
19 Or perhaps they requested that you say something in a low voice after 9 p.m.? Unless you have an excuse—which you should discuss with your host—you need to follow their house rules. If they didn’t mention any when you first arrived, start that conversation yourself.
Acting like you’re staying in a hotel
When you’re an overnight guest in a friend or relative’s home, you cannot expect the service of a hotel. 20 So don’t expect someone to make your bed or cleanup after you, meals prepared for you, or to have the run of the place.
If you can follow some guest rules, you will be more popular when visiting and staying at the homes of relatives and friends.
A．Here are some things you can do for them.
B．Have you ever been asked to follow some rules?
C．It also means overnight stays with family or friends.
D．Did your host ask you to leave your outside shoes at the door?
E．Your host is doing you a favor by letting you stay in their home for free.
F．Here are a few mistakes to avoid when you’re staying in someone’s home.
G．There are many reasons not to do this out of respect for your potent l host.

【答案】16．C 17．F 18．G 19．D 20．E

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了去亲友家做客时需要注意的一些礼仪。
16．根据上文“For some people, holiday travel includes more than simply getting to their destination.(对一些人来说，假期旅行不仅仅是到达目的地)”可知，本句继续说明假期旅行的其他意义：与家人或朋友过夜。故C选项“它也指与家人或朋友过夜”符合语境，故选C。
17．根据上文“Even if your host in vied you to say and said that it was no trouble at all”, know that accommodating you does take time, energy and possibly money, and the least you can do is not make things harder for them.(即使你的主人强迫你说“一点也不麻烦”，你也要知道，招待你确实需要时间、精力，可能还需要金钱，至少你能做的就是不要给他们添麻烦)”结合后文主要列举了一些住在别人的家要避免的错误。故F选项“当你住在别人家里时，这里有一些要避免的错误”符合语境，故选F。
18．根据上文“This really should go without saying—and applies to any type of visit to someone’s home, any me of the year-but don’t show up at someone’s door unannounced, or assume you can stay with them without asking first.(这是毋庸置疑的——也适用于任何拜访别人的方式，一年中的任何时候——但不要不经通知就出现在别人家门口，或者认为你可以在没有事先请求的情况下和他们呆在一起)”可知，上文提到“不要不经通知就出现在别人家门口，或者认为你可以在没有事先请求的情况下和他们呆在一起”，本句对上文进行说明，这些要求是出于对主人的尊重。故G选项“出于对主人的尊重，不要这样做有很多理由”符合语境，故选G。
19．根据后文“Or perhaps they requested that you say something in a low voice after 9 p.m.?( 或者他们要求你在晚上9点以后小声说点什么？)”可知，本句与后文都是针对尊重主人家的设问句，故D选项“你的主人让你把在外穿的鞋子放在门口了吗？”符合语境，故选D。
20．根据上文“When you’re an overnight guest in a friend or relative’s home, you cannot expect the service of a hotel.(当你在朋友或亲戚家里过夜时，你不能指望酒店的服务)”以及后文“So don’t expect someone to make your bed or cleanup after you, meals prepared for you, or to have the run of the place.(所以，不要指望有人帮你铺床、帮你打扫卫生、为你准备饭菜，也不要指望有人来管理这个地方)”可知，上文提到了在别人家过夜不能指望酒店的服务，本句说明其原因：主人让你免费住在他们家里是在帮你的忙。故E选项“你的主人让你免费住在他们家里是在帮你的忙”符合语境，故选E。
（2023·重庆·重庆八中校考三模）Revenge bedtime procrastination (报复性睡眠拖延症) refers to the decision to delay sleep in response to stress or a lack of free time earlier in the day. The addition of the word “revenge”, by the Chinese, to the concept of bedtime procrastination became popular on social media. 21 Both language versions reflect frustration tied to long, stressful work hours that left little time for personal enjoyment.
People who engage in bedtime procrastination know and generally want to receive enough sleep. 22 This is known as an intention-behavior gap.
Bedtime procrastination can cause sleep deprivation (缺乏). 23 Not getting enough sleep affects thinking, memory, and decision-making. Sleep deprivation also raises the risk of daytime sleepiness, which can harm productivity and academic achievement while increasing the risks of sleeping driving.
24 It causes difficulties in regulating emotions. It’s also been connected to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is also discovered that sleep deprivation worsens physical health, making people more easily to suffer from illnesses. Ongoing sleep loss consequences can build up over time. 25
The best solution for bedtime procrastination is creating good sleep patterns and a good sleeping environment. But remember that it will take more than one night to truly get into good sleep habits.
A．But they fail to actually do so.
B．The Chinese are noted for working long hours.
C．A lack of sleep is tied to mental and physical health.
D．Therefore, it contributes to significant long-term health problems.
E．We struggle to stay productive during the day to make up for the loss.
F．Without enough hours of sleep, the mind and body can’t properly recharge.
G．The English term “revenge bedtime procrastination” appeared from a translation of this expression.

【答案】21．G 22．A 23．F 24．C 25．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“报复性睡眠拖延”这个概念及其危害。
21．下文“Both language versions reflect frustration tied to long, stressful work hours that left little time for personal enjoyment.(两种语言版本都反映了与长时间、压力大的工作时间有关的挫折感，这些工作时间几乎没有留给个人享受的时间)”说明前文用两种解释说明报复性睡眠拖延症的定义。空处用另一种语言版本说明报复性睡眠拖延症。G项中的“The English term ”和下文的“Both language versions”相呼应，表示“英语术语“报复性睡前拖延症”是从前面表达的翻译中出现的”。故选G。
22．上文“People who engage in bedtime procrastination know and generally want to receive enough sleep.(睡前拖延症患者知道并普遍希望获得足够的睡眠)”说明睡前拖延症患者希望自己获得足够的睡眠。空处和前文为转折关系。A项中的But和前文构成转折关系，so指代前文中“want to receive enough sleep”，表明他们虽然希望自己获得足够的睡眠，但是却做不到。故选A。
23．上文“Bedtime procrastination can cause sleep deprivation (缺乏).(睡前拖延会导致睡眠不足)”说明睡眠拖延会导致睡眠不足。空处承上启下，说明睡眠不足的害处，F项中的“Without enough hours of sleep”和上文相呼应，“the mind and body can’t properly recharge”和下文“Not getting enough sleep affects thinking, memory, and decision-making.”相呼应，说明睡眠不足，大脑和身体就无法正常充电。故选F。
24．下文“It causes difficulties in regulating emotions. It’s also been connected to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is also discovered that sleep deprivation worsens physical health, making people more easily to suffer from illnesses. (它会导致情绪调节困难。它还与精神健康障碍有关，如抑郁和焦虑。研究还发现，睡眠不足会恶化身体健康，使人们更容易患病)”说明睡眠不足会从精神和身体上对人造成危害。空处为本段的主旨句。C项“睡眠不足与身心健康息息相关。”符合语境，适合作本段的主旨句。故选C。
25．上文“Ongoing sleep loss consequences can build up over time. (持续睡眠不足的后果可能会随着时间的推移而累积)”说明持续睡眠不足危害很大。空处和前文为因果关系，表明持续睡眠不足会导致严重的长期健康问题。D项“因此，它会导致严重的长期健康问题。”符合语境。故选D。
（2023·湖南常德·常德市一中校考模拟预测）How Laughing at Yourself Makes You Attractive
Have you ever embarrassed yourself in public and got laughed at for it? 26 And it’s okay — we should even have a laugh about them.
●Laughing at yourself means accepting who you really are. You may feel bad about yourself because of past misfortune. However, it’s normal to be imperfect. What’s important is that you should be honest with yourself about who you are. 27 You won’t be able to laugh at yourself without self-acceptance.
●Laughing at yourself helps increase your confidence. When you are able to stay optimistic and laugh at yourself, you are likely to be more successful in life. 28 More importantly, it helps you realize your own weaknesses so you know which areas to do better in.
● 29 Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings even if you didn’t intend to, while laughing at yourself does not — you might even bring a smile to their faces. People will like it, because it shows that you have the courage to do so and you’re being real about your imperfections.
Just remember that humans all make mistakes. So instead of blaming yourself, try to think of your mistakes in a positive way and accept yourself just as you are. 30
A．Laughing at yourself makes you popular.
B．Accept yourself despite your imperfections.
C．You don’t need to take yourself seriously all the time.
D．Chances are that we all have these kinds of experiences.
E．Learn to laugh at yourself and you will be more attractive.
F．Laughing at yourself changes an ideal image of yourself.
G．This is because laughing at yourself contributes to your mental health.

【答案】26．D 27．B 28．G 29．A 30．E

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为人应该学会自嘲，让自己更加有魅力，因为自嘲意味着接受自己，可以帮助增加自信，让自己更受欢迎。
26．前文“Have you ever embarrassed yourself in public and got laughed at for it? (你是否曾在公共场合出丑，并因此被嘲笑过？)”提出是否有被嘲笑经历的问题，后文“And it’s okay — we should even have a laugh about them. (没关系，我们甚至应该对此一笑置之。)”表示安慰，建议对此一笑了之，D项“Chances are that we all have these kinds of experiences. (很可能我们都有这样的经历。)”符合语境，说明大家可能都有被嘲笑的经历，回答前文的问题，引出后文的建议。故选D。
27．前文“However, it’s normal to be imperfect. What’s important is that you should be honest with yourself about who you are. (然而，不完美是正常的。重要的是，你应该诚实地面对自己。)”建议接受不完美常态，诚实面对自己，后文“You won’t be able to laugh at yourself without self-acceptance. (如果不接受自己，你就无法自嘲。)”说明不接受自己的后果，B项“Accept yourself despite your imperfections. (接受你自己，尽管你不完美。)”符合语境，建议要接受自己，延伸前文的诚实面对自己，引出后文的后果，其中的imperfections与前文的imperfect呼应，Accept yourself与后文的self-acceptance呼应。故选B。
28．前文“When you are able to stay optimistic and laugh at yourself, you are likely to be more successful in life. (当你能够保持乐观和自嘲时，你可能会在生活中更成功。)”说明自嘲有助于成功，后文“More importantly, it helps you realize your own weaknesses so you know which areas to do better in. (更重要的是，它可以帮助你认识到自己的弱点，这样你就知道在哪些方面可以做得更好。)”介绍“它”带来的好处，G项“This is because laughing at yourself contributes to your mental health. (这是因为自嘲有助于心理健康。)”符合语境，介绍自嘲有助于心理健康，解释前文自嘲和成功之间的关系，引出后文进一步的好处，其中的laughing at yourself是后文的it指代的对象。故选G。
29．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段首句一样是以Laughing at yourself为主语的陈述句。后文“Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings even if you didn’t intend to, while laughing at yourself does not — you might even bring a smile to their faces. People will like it, because it shows that you have the courage to do so and you’re being real about your imperfections. (嘲笑别人可能会伤害他们的感情，即使你不是故意的，而嘲笑自己却不会——你甚至可能会给他们带来微笑。人们会喜欢它，因为这表明你有勇气这样做，你在认真对待自己的不完美。)”介绍自嘲不会伤害他人的感情，甚至可以得到他人的喜爱，A项“Laughing at yourself makes you popular. (自嘲会让你受欢迎。)”符合语境，说明自嘲让人受欢迎，契合后文内容。故选A。
30．空处是全文最后一句，需呼应文章整体内容。前文“Just remember that humans all make mistakes. So instead of blaming yourself, try to think of your mistakes in a positive way and accept yourself just as you are. (只要记住，人都会犯错。所以，与其责备自己，不如试着以积极的方式看待自己的错误，接受本来的自己。)”强调以积极的方式看待错误，接受自己，E项“Learn to laugh at yourself and you will be more attractive. (学会自嘲，你会更有吸引力。)”符合语境，建议学会自嘲，承接前文的接受自己，呼应文章的中心思想。故选E。
（2023·山西临汾·临汾第一中学校校联考三模）When you wake up every morning, what will you do first to start your day? 31 . Here are some things productivity experts do to get weekday mornings off to a good start.
I drink a glass of cold water.
Every morning, I start my day with a big glass of ice water. 32 , rehydrating(补充水分) with ice water helps me think more clearly. To make this morning step a no-brainer, I fill up a cup with ice water and place it on my nightstand before bed. When I wake up, it’s right there and ready for me without having to make my way to the kitchen.
I do a breathing exercise to get centered.
I enjoy staying up late at night, so the early morning club is not for me. These three simple habits have been helpful for me: daily affirmation (坚定信念)，breathing exercise and gratitude journaling. Once awake, I silently say a positive affirmation. Usually, it is “I am calm. Breathe.” 33 . It takes 10 minutes, but if I do not have time, I would just do a one-minute breathing exercise. Finally, my gratitude journal helps me set the intention for the day.
34 .
We live in a world where work never ends, so it’s up to us to set our own finish lines to start a day and celebrate when we cross it. Our brains find this much more rewarding, and less tend to be attracted by other distractions (分心).
I think deeply, then review my schedule.
I think deeply and keep a journal every morning before I begin work. This helps me relax and prepare for the day to come. I then review my schedule for the day and week, making note of work sessions. 35 .
A．I set my own goal for the day
B．I decide how I want my day to end
C．Lastly, I create a short list of my daily to-dos
D．Because you lack water after sleeping all night
E．Although it’s appealing to head straight for the coffee
F．Then a breathing exercise follows to deepen the positive affirmation
G．Actually small steps can be done to make a big difference in your work

【答案】31．G 32．E 33．F 34．B 35．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在新的一天到来时提高当天工作效率。
31．根据后文“Here are some things productivity experts do to get weekday mornings off to a good start.（这里有一些提高效率的专家会做的事情，让你在工作日的早晨有一个好的开始。）可推知，文章主要介绍在工作日如何提高效率的话题，G选项Actually small steps can be done to make a big difference in your work（实际上，一小步一小步就能使你的工作发生很大的变化）承接了上句“When you wake up every morning,what will you do first to start your day？（当你每天早上醒来的时候，你会首先做什么来开始你的一天？）”，与后一句意思相连，该选项在此有承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选G。
32．根据前文“Every morning,I start my day with a big glass of ice water（每天早上，我用一大杯冰水开始我的一天。）”可知， 早上起来先喝杯冰水，E选项“Although it’s appealing to head straight for the coffee（虽然直接去喝咖啡比较有吸引力）”表示转折，后一句“rehydrating(补充水分) with ice water helps me think more clearly.（用冰水补充水分可以帮助我更清晰地思考。）”对喝冰水的原因进行了解释，符合语境，故选E。
33．根据前文“Once awake,I silently say a positive affirmation.Usually,it is ‘I am calm.Breathe.’（一旦醒来，我就默默地说一句积极的肯定。通常是“我很平静，深呼吸。”）”可知，这里建议先说一句积极的肯定，后面介绍接下来做什么，F选项“Then a breathing exercise follows to deepen the positive affirmation（然后进行呼吸练习以加深积极肯定）”与前一句意思一致，符合语境，其中“呼吸”与“积极的肯定”是关键对应词。故选F。
34．该空是位于段首的主题句，根据后文“We live in a world where work never ends，so it's up to us to set our own finish lines to start a day and celebrate when we cross it.Our brains find this much more rewarding，and less tend to be attracted by other distractions.（我们生活在一个工作永无止境的世界里，所以一天的开始取决于我们自己设定的终点线，当我们跨过它时庆祝。我们的大脑发现这更有回报，更不容易被其他干扰所吸引。）”可知，B选项I decide how I want my day to end（我决定如何结束我的一天）对该段进行了总结概括，适合作段落主题句，符合语境。故选 B。
35．根据段首“I think deeply and keep a journal every morning before I begin work.This helps me relax and prepare for the day to come.I then review my schedule for the day and week，making note of work sessions.（每天早上开始工作前，我都会认真思考，写日记。这有助于我放松，为新的一天做好准备。然后我回顾当天和每周的日程安排，记下工作时间。）”可知，C选项“Lastly，I create a short list of my daily to-dos（最后，我会列出每天要做的事情）”中 Lastly“最后”与前文中的时间点“before I begin work（每天早上开始工作前）”及then “然后”被用来描述作者在新的一天到来时的生活和工作的节奏，符合语境。故选C。
（2023·湖南长沙·湖南师大附中校考一模）Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas? You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable inventions. 36
Identify a problem worth solving.
Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better? What task could be done better or faster? What annoys you and how could you fix it? 37 Not every idea will be a great one, but don’t be afraid to think outside the box.
Draft your idea.
Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like. 38 List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project. Don’t hesitate to make multiple drafts of the same design until you are satisfied with the result.
39
You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that you can use. This will be much more cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.
Build your invention.
If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision. Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building. 40
After everything is completed, it’s time to test out and market your invention. If it turns out well-received, you may even have your invention patented and mass- produced down the road.
A．Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.
B．If you enjoy creating things, you may consider becoming an inventor.
C．With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.
D．Be creative with your ideas.
E．Gather the necessary materials.
F．Look around your home for recycled materials that you may be able to use.
G．Make notes about how various pieces will go together.

【答案】36．C 37．D 38．G 39．E 40．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为有各种发明想法的小学生或中学生提供一些建议以帮助他们更好地进行发明。
36．根据空前“Are you an elementary or high school student with all kinds of invention ideas? You might not know what to do with all of these ideas or how to turn them into workable inventions.(你是一个有各种发明想法的小学生或中学生吗？你可能不知道如何处理所有这些想法，或者如何将它们变成可行的发明。)”可知，上文讲述的是虽然有想法，但是小学生或中学生可能不知道如何处理所有这些想法，或者如何将它们变成可行的发明。选项C“With some planning and practice, you can make these ideas into a working device.(通过一些计划和练习，你可以把这些想法变成可行的方法。)”承上启下，既承接上文说明将想法变成发明有困难，同时引出下文具体的建议。故选C。
37．根据空前内容“Look at the world around you and ask yourself: What could work better? What task could be done better or faster? What annoys you and how could you fix it?(看看你周围的世界，问问自己：什么能做得更好？什么任务可以做得更好或更快？什么让你烦恼？你如何解决它？)”可知，上文建议要问问自己，以找出值得研究的方向。选项D“Be creative with your ideas(要有创意。)”延续上文内容，指的都是想法或研究方向要有创意。故选D。
38．根据空前“Draw out a basic illustration of what your invention will look like.(画出你的发明将会是什么样子的基本插图。)”以及空后内容“List the types of materials you would use to build the finished project.(列出你将用于完成项目的材料类型。)”可知，本段讲述的是画出发明的草图。选项G“Make notes about how various pieces will go together.(记下不同的部分如何搭配。)”符合上下文内容，指的都是画出发明的草图。故选G。
39．空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“You don’t need to use the highest quality materials, but simply ones that will give you a functional working device. Try checking second-hand stores and yard sales for parts that you can use. This will be much more cost-effective and you will also be eco-friendly.(你不需要使用最高质量的材料，只需要那些能给你一个功能性工作装置的材料。试着在二手商店和庭院销售中寻找你可以使用的零件。这将是更划算的，你也将是环保的。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是如何找寻发明所需的材料。选项E“Gather the necessary materials.(收集必要的材料。)”与本段内容一致，故选E。
40．根据空前内容“If you will be working with power tools or other dangerous materials, you will likely need adult supervision. Ask your parents when they have enough free time to sit down with you and start building.(如果你将使用电动工具或其他危险材料，你可能需要成年人的监督。问问你的父母，他们什么时候有足够的空闲时间坐下来和你一起开始建造。)”可知，上文讲述的是如果需要使用电动工具或其他危险材料，则需要有成年人的监督，可以询问自己的父母是否有空。选项A“Or turn to your older peers if they can help you out as well.(或者向年长的人求助，如果他们也能帮助你。)”是上文内容的延续，指的是既可以询问父母，也可以向年长的人求助。故选A。
（2023·浙江绍兴·统考模拟预测）Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. 41 They are also fast. They can sprint as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30 feet horizontally. This makes for an extremely dangerous attack. You might not think that such large, fast, and ferocious creatures need help to survive, but they do. 42
Tigers are hunted for many reasons. People have long valued the famous striped skins. Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, they are worth around $10,000 on the black-market. 43 Many Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties.
44 However, perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, but over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range.
A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Tigers are also both territorial and solitary (独居的) animals. 45 Since tigers need so much territory, it is difficult for conservationists to acquire land enough to support a large population of tigers. Even when these considerable spaces are provided, it is even more difficult to move around such large areas to prevent the illegal hunting. There is no easy way to preserve the wild tiger population without making large sacrifices.
A．The tiger is an endangered species.
B．Restoring the world’s tiger population is possible.
C．Other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny.
D．That’s because tigers are the largest of all cat species.
E．Traditional Chinese medicine use tiger bones in some prescriptions.
F．This means they generally do not share with other tigers the areas they claim.
G．Humans have done considerable damage to the tiger population through hunting.

【答案】41．D 42．A 43．C 44．G 45．F

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍老虎濒临灭绝及其原因。
41．根据上文“Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. (好吧，如果大小和这件事有关系的话，老虎会赢。)”可推测后文是说老虎会赢的原因，选项D “那是因为老虎是所有猫科动物中体型最大的。”符合题意，并且选项中的“the largest”呼应上文的“size”，故选D。
42．根据上文“You might not think that such large, fast, and ferocious creatures need help to survive, but they do. (你可能认为如此庞大、快速、凶猛的生物不需要帮助也能生存，但它们确实需要。) ”可推测下文说明老虎这么凶猛的生物也需要帮助的原因，A选项“老虎是濒临灭绝的物种。”符合题意，故选A。
43．根据上文“Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, they are worth around $10,000 on the black-market. (虽然现在交易虎皮在世界上大部分地区都是非法的，但在黑市上它们的价值约为1万美元。) ”可推测下文也是讲用老虎的其他部分赚钱，C选项“老虎的其他部位也能卖个好价钱。”紧扣上文，并且选项中的“Other parts”照应下文的“various tiger parts”，故选C。
44．根据下文“However, perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, but over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range. (然而，也许更多的损害是由于栖息地的破坏造成的。老虎曾经广泛分布在亚洲，但在过去的100年里，老虎已经失去了93%的历史范围。) ”可知是对比上文的打猎造成的伤害，G选项“人类通过捕猎对老虎的数量造成了相当大的损害。”符合语境，故选G。
45．根据上文“Tigers are also both territorial and solitary (独居的) animals. (老虎也是有领地意识和独居的动物。) ”和下文“Since tigers need so much territory, it is difficult for conservationists to acquire land enough to support a large population of tigers. (由于老虎需要如此多的领地，自然资源保护主义者很难获得足够的土地来养活大量的老虎。)”可推测设空处是关于老虎需要领地的话题，F选项“这意味着它们通常不会与其他老虎共享自己的领地。”承上启下，符合题意，故选F。
（2023·重庆巴南·校联考模拟预测）For some people, practicing gratitude is part of their spiritual practice or religion, while for others, it’s about cultivating a more positive outlook on life. 46 , there is no doubt about the benefits to be gained.
Improved mood
When you practice gratitude, you shift your focus from negative thoughts and feelings to positive ones. Instead of thinking about everything that makes you unhappy, gratitude makes you think about all the things that are good — no matter how big or small. Practicing gratitude will make you feel more optimistic. 47 .
Better relationship
When you think about all the things you are grateful for, you will think of the people in your life that you care for — your family and friends. 48 , chances are that you’ll want to show them how much they mean to you and how much you appreciate them. And that can strengthen your connection with them.
Reduced stress
49 . So they often feel stressed. Maybe they’re having trouble at work, maybe they’re in financial difficulty, or maybe they feel like they’re just not good enough at something. But by practicing gratitude, they’re able to view things properly.
50
Instead of focusing on all the things that you’re bad at or things you’ve failed at, practicing gratitude will shift your focus on all the amazing things you’ve accomplished. And once you realize that, you’ll boost your feelings of achievement. Just focus on what you are grateful for in yourself. It will help you to appreciate your own strengths and talents.
A．Increased focus
B．Improved self-worth
C．People are facing a certain problem
D．You have plenty of reasons to be happy
E．That helps you realize life isn’t as bad as you thought
F．Whatever someone’s reason for practicing gratitude is
G．Once you realize how grateful you are to have them in your life

【答案】46．F 47．E 48．G 49．C 50．B

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。不管一个人感恩的理由是什么，感恩无疑会带来很多好处，文章介绍了感恩带来的四个好处。
46．根据上文“For some people, practicing gratitude is part of their spiritual practice or religion, while for others, it’s about cultivating a more positive outlook on life. (对一些人来说，感恩是他们精神实践或宗教信仰的一部分，而对另一些人来说，感恩是培养一种更积极的人生观)”可知，不同的人因不同的原因而感恩，下文“there is no doubt about the benefits to be gained. (这样做的好处是毫无疑问的)”前有逗号，设空处与下文之间应是主从句关系，F项“Whatever someone’s reason for practicing gratitude is (不管一个人感恩的理由是什么)”承接上文的两种感恩的原因，并且是下文的让步状语从句，上下文衔接连贯，语意一致。故选F项。
47．本段的小标题为Improved mood (改善的情绪)，上文“Instead of thinking about everything that makes you unhappy, gratitude makes you think about all the things that are good — no matter how big or small. Practicing gratitude will make you feel more optimistic. (感恩之心会让你想到所有美好的事情，无论大小，而不是去想那些让你不开心的事情。学会感恩会让你感觉更乐观)”可知，感恩能改善情绪；结合选项可知，选项 E.That helps you realize life isn't as bad as you thought’（那帮助你意识到生活并不像你想的那样坏）也能体现本段的小标题‘improved mood’（改善情绪）而且还和本段的第一二句所表达的：练习感激帮助你把注意力从不好的方面转移到好的方面相呼应。故选E项。
48．本段的小标题为Better relationship(更好的关系)，根据上文“When you think about all the things you are grateful for, you will think of the people in your life that you care for — your family and friends. (当你想到所有你感激的事情时，你会想到生活中你关心的人——你的家人和朋友)”可知，感恩能改善自己与家人、朋友的人际关系；下文“chances are that you’ll want to show them how much they mean to you and how much you appreciate them. (很有可能你会想向他们展示他们对你有多重要，你有多感激他们)”前有逗号，与设空处应是主从句关系；G项“Once you realize how grateful you are to have them in your life (一旦你意识到你是多么感激他们在你的生活中)”中的them指代上文中的your family and friends，G项与下文之间为条件关系，上下文衔接连贯，语意一致，故选G项。
49．根据下文“So they often feel stressed. Maybe they’re having trouble at work, maybe they’re in financial difficulty, or maybe they feel like they’re just not good enough at something. (所以他们经常感到压力。也许他们在工作上遇到了麻烦，也许他们在经济上遇到了困难，或者他们觉得自己在某件事上做得不够好)”可知，感恩可以减压，C项“People are facing a certain problem (人们正面临着某个问题)”与下文为因果关系，下文例举了三个人们可能面临的困难，上下文衔接连贯，故选C项。
50．根据下文“Instead of focusing on all the things that you’re bad at or things you’ve failed at, practicing gratitude will shift your focus on all the amazing things you’ve accomplished. And once you realize that, you’ll boost your feelings of achievement. Just focus on what you are grateful for in yourself. It will help you to appreciate your own strengths and talents. (与其把注意力集中在所有你不擅长或失败的事情上，感恩会把你的注意力转移到你所完成的所有令人惊奇的事情上。一旦你意识到这一点，你就会提升你的成就感。专注于你对自己的感激之情。这会帮助你欣赏自己的长处和才能)”可知，感恩者会关注自己已完成的所有所有令人惊奇的事情上，发现自己的长处、才能，提升成就感。由此可知，B项“Improved self-worth (提高自我价值)”与下文语意一致，适合作小标题，故选B项。
（2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测）Sometimes dealing with your negative emotions can be challenging. When life is stressful, it’s very easy to give in to feelings of anger or depression. 51 Here are some ways that car help you better deal with a wide range of negative emotions.
·Acknowledge your feelings.
Dealing with negative emotions can be difficult. But it’s important to allow yourself to experience those emotions, as suppressing (抑制) them can cause stress. 52 For example, if you are feeling nervous, ask yourself, “What am I afraid of?” Acknowledging the issue can help you figure out how to handle it.
· 53
Small changes can have a big impact on your emotional health. Try changing your space to make it a more calming place. For example, if your negative emotions arise from feeling out of control, try organizing your space. Clearing up the mess can make you feel on top of things.
·Shift your focus away from the bad thing.
When you know that something is causing a negative emotion, try to shift your focus away from that situation. For example, if you are stuck in a traffic jam and running late, shift your focus from the traffic to listening to your favorite CD． 54
·Talk about your feelings
Talking about your negative emotions is very productive. Try talking to your friends or family members. It is a good idea to let your loved ones know your feelings. Try saying, “I’ve been really stressed out lately. Do you have time to talk things through with me?” 55 It’s fine to express anger or frustration, but do so without shouting.
A．Have a try to change your environment.
B．Be calm and reasonable while you are talking.
C．It’s common to be filled with negative emotions.
D．You don’t have to spend too much effort on them.
E．When you experience a negative emotion, acknowledge it.
F．Focusing on something positive can help to calm you down.
G．However, you will be more productive if you can handle them.

【答案】51．G 52．E 53．A 54．F 55．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些帮助人们更好地处理各种负面情绪的方法。
51．根据上文“When life is stressful. it’s very easy to give in to feelings of anger or depression.( 当生活充满压力时，我们很容易屈服于愤怒或沮丧的情绪。)”和下文“Here are some ways that can help you better deal with a wide range of negative emotions.(这里有一些方法可以帮助你更好地处理各种各样的负面情绪。)”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，说明有办法可以处理负面情绪，G项中的“them”指的是“feelings of anger or depression”，即愤怒或抑郁的情绪。G项“However, you will be more productive if you can handle them.(然而，如果你能处理好它们，你的工作效率会更高。)”符合语境。故选G。
52．根据段落小标题“Acknowledge your feelings.(承认你的情绪。)”可知，设空内容涉及承认负面情绪有助于应对诸如紧张、焦虑等消极情绪。E项“When you experience a negative emotion, acknowledge it.(当你经历消极情绪时，承认它。)”符合语境。故选E。
53．空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Small changes can have a big impact on your emotional health.(小小的改变会对你的情绪健康产生很大的影响。)”可知，本段主要讲改变所处的环境会影响人的情绪。A项“Have a try to change your environment.(试着改变一下你的环境。)”是最佳小标题。故选A。
54．上文“When you know that something is causing a negative emotion, try to shift your focus away from that situation. For example, if you are stuck in a traffic jam and running late, shift your focus from the traffic to listening to your favorite CD.(当你知道某件事引起了你的消极情绪时，试着把你的注意力从这种情况上移开。例如，如果你被困在交通堵塞和迟到，把你的注意力从交通转移到听你最喜欢的CD。)”举例说明，要学会把注意力从引起消极情绪的事情上转移开，F项“Focusing on something positive can help to calm you down.(专注于积极的事情可以帮助你冷静下来。)”承接上文，说明应该将注意力转移动词积极的事情上和这样做的好处，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
55．根据本段小标题“Talk about your feeling.(谈论你的感受。)”和后句“It’s fine to express anger or frustration, but do so without shouting.(表达愤怒或沮丧是可以的，但不要大喊大叫。)”可知，谈论感受的时候要冷静。B项“Be calm and reasonable while you are talking.(说话的时候要冷静，讲道理。)”符合语境。故选B。
（2023·河北·校联考三模）Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes are very hard to see coming, even for scientists. 56 Thus, specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary. Here are four steps you can take to prepare yourself in advance.
Drop, cover and hold
If you feel the ground start to shake, drop, take cover under as table piece of furniture, and hold on. You can hide under something like a desk or table, with one arm holding on to a leg of the table and your other arm protecting your neck and head. 57 In modern homes, it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury.
Make a family plan
58 Create a meeting point—somewhere easy for everyone to remember, or you could also meet at home. Whatever plan you decide on, don’t rely on your phone as your main form of communication. Technology fails all the time in disasters. A major earthquake in California, for example, damaged cell towers and knocked out communication services for days.
Secure your furniture
Those hanging shelves above your bed could be a danger during an earthquake. People often get injured from “flying or falling objects” like furniture or glass during earthquakes. So examine your home and ask yourself, “What could be a potential danger to my safety?” 59
Make digital copies of important documents
Important documents may get destroyed during earthquakes. Therefore, scan or take photos of your important documents, such as your license, financial records and insurance policy information. 60 This step can help ensure your documents will be available even if your computer is lost in a quake.
A．Then send them to your e-mail.
B．These are all important personal documents.
C．Make sure your household has a plan of action.
D．Whatever you do, do not stand in a doorframe.
E．If you find the answer, you need to runaway immediately.
F．Nowadays early detection systems can only give seconds of warming ahead.
G．If possible, remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately.

【答案】56．F 57．D 58．C 59．G 60．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地震防范的四个重要的方法。
56．前文“Unlike other natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes are very hard to see coming, even for scientists. (与飓风等其他自然灾害不同，地震很难预测，即使对科学家来说也是如此)”提到地震很难预测。后文“Thus, specific practices for earthquake preparedness are necessary. (因此，具体的防震措施是必要的)”说提前做防范措施很有必要。结合选项，F项“Nowadays early detection systems can only give seconds of warming ahead. (如今，早期探测系统只能提前几秒发出预警)”承上启下，衔接前句，同时解释“防范措施有必要”的原因，符合语境。故选F。
57．后文“In modem homes, it is no stronger than any other part of the house and will not protect you from injury. (在现代家庭中，它并不比房子的其他部分更坚固，也不能保护你免受伤害)”中的“it”可知，空处应为“it”的指代对象。结合选项，D项“Whatever you do, do not stand in a door frame. (无论你做什么，都不要站在门框上)”中的“door frame”符合语境。故选D。
58．小标题“Make a family plan (制定家庭计划)”为中心句。后文“Create a meeting point — somewhere easy for everyone to remember, or you could also meet at home. (创建一个见面地点——在每个人都容易记住的地方，或者你们也可以在家里见面)”可知，本段主要探讨应该做一个家庭的计划与预案。结合选项，C项“Make sure your household has a plan of action. (确保你的家庭有一个行动计划)”照应标题，符合本段的中心主旨。故选C。
59．结合小标题“Secure your furniture (保护好家具)”以及前文“People often get injured from ‘flying or falling objects’ like furniture or glass during earthquakes. (人们经常在地震中被家具或玻璃等“飞行或坠落的物体”伤害)”可知，本段主要讲的是房间中的易掉落物品可能会在地震中伤到人。结合选项，G 项“If possible, remove those heavy and big objects above your bed immediately. (如果可能的话，立即移走床上方那些又重又大的东西)”符合文意，逻辑一致。故选G。
60．后文“This step can help ensure your documents will be available even if your computer is lost in a quake. (这一步可以帮助确保即使你的电脑在地震中丢失了，你的文件也可以使用)”可知，空处应该有“This step”的具体所指，故A项“Then send them to your e-mail. (然后把它们发到你的邮箱)”符合语境。故选A。
（2024·浙江·统考模拟预测）When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily basis. 61
Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. Nervous breakdowns can make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student.
62 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 63 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.
Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 64 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing. Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. Not enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class.
Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends? 65 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!
A．Lack of sleep can cause great stress.
B．The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it.
C．Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue.
D．Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict.
E．Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively.
F．Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits.
G．Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems.

【答案】61．G 62．F 63．B 64．D 65．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大量的家庭作业可能会给学生带来的身心健康问题，并号召管理人员、教师和家长解决这个问题。
61．根据后文“Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind.(大量的家庭作业会给学生带来压力，并导致身心健康问题。)”可知，此处是讲过多的家庭作业会导致身心健康问题，所以选项G“无论如何，太多的家庭作业会导致相当多的身体和精神问题。”切合文意。故选G。
62．根据后文“The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that.(建议的时间是10分钟乘以年级水平。一年级有10分钟；二年级有20分钟；三年级只有30分钟，以此类推，但孩子们做的远远不止这些。)”可知，此处是指学生的实际作业量远超推荐量是没有好处的，所以选项F“孩子们的作业量超过了推荐量，却没有任何学业上的好处。”切合文意。故选F。
63．根据后文“There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.(2小时后对高中生没有任何学习效益，1个半小时后对中学生没有任何学习效益。)”可知，此处是讲学生的作业量太多没有任何好处，所以选项B“学生做得越多，从中得到的就越少。”切合文意。故选B。
64．根据前文“Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities.(总是做作业会导致运动和课外活动的时间减少。)”和后文“Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing.(更糟糕的是，和朋友出去玩的时间减少了，这意味着社交活动减少了。)”可知，此处是讲过多的作业量会导致学生各方面的时间减少以及带来的后果，所以选项D“家庭时间也减少，这可能会增加更多的家庭冲突。”切合文意。故选D。
65．根据后文“If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!(如果老师和家长设法减少家庭作业的数量，压力和焦虑就会减少，幸福就会增加！)”可知，此处是讲号召解决家庭作业过多的问题，所以选项C“管理人员、教师和家长需要解决这个问题。”切合文意。故选C。
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Some people measure success by the wealth they’ve accumulated, or the status they’ve achieved. Yet, even though they’ve reached success beyond their wildest dreams, they still feel something is missing from their life. Their soul may be searching for something more. 66
Although everyone is different, there are common threads that bind a life with purpose.
Live by your beliefs and values.
People who live a life of purpose have core beliefs and values that influence their decisions, shape their daily actions, and determine their priorities. They place significant value on being a person of virtue. 67 And they spend more time listening to their inner voice than being influenced by others.
Follow your passion.
People who live a life of purpose wake up each morning eager to face the new day. They pursue their dreams with enthusiasm, put their heart into everything they do, and feel that they’re personally making a difference. As James Dean once said, “ 68 ”
Feel content.
People who live a life of purpose have an inner peace. They’re satisfied with what they have and who they are. 69 As the saying goes, “The real measure of your wealth is how much you’d be worth if you lost all your money.”
70
People who live a life of purpose have a positive impact on someone else’s life. They are willing to help people in need and make their life better and happier. They gain as much satisfaction witnessing the success of others as witnessing their own.
Without purpose, it’s easy to wander aimlessly through life instead of following your North Star. Without purpose, it’s easy to achieve remarkable success and still feel that life is passing you by.
A．Make a difference.
B．It’s the purpose of life.
C．Put others before yourself.
D．So they live with certain moral principles.
E．The secret of success is constancy to purpose.
F．Dream as if you’ll live forever and live as if you’ll die today.
G．To them, the grass is greener on their own side of the fence.

【答案】66．B 67．D 68．F 69．G 70．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍如何成为一个生活有目标的人，使人生更有意义。
66．上文“Some people measure success by the wealth they’ve accumulated, or the status they’ve achieved. Yet, even though they’ve reached success beyond their wildest dreams, they still feel something is missing from their life. Their soul may be searching for something more.(有些人以积累的财富或取得的地位来衡量成功。然而，即使他们已经取得了超乎想象的成功，他们仍然觉得生活中缺少了一些东西。他们的灵魂可能在寻找更多的东西。)”指出，以积累的财富或取得的地位来衡量人的成功，即使取得了超乎想象的成功，他们的灵魂可能在寻找更多的东西；由下文“Although everyone is different, there are common threads that bind a life with purpose.(尽管每个人都是不同的，但有一些共同的线索是将生活与目标联系在一起。)”可知，作者认为成功应该将生活与目标联系在一起；由此可知，B选项“It’s the purpose of life.(它就是生活的目的性。)”说明即使以积累的财富或取得的地位来衡量成功人取得成功，他们的灵魂可能在寻找更多的东西，这就是生活的目的性，符合语境，选项中的“It”指代上文中的“something more”。故选B。
67．上文“People who live a life of purpose have core beliefs and values that influence their decisions, shape their daily actions, and determine their priorities. They place significant value on being a person of virtue.(过着有目标的生活的人有核心信念和价值观，这些信念和价值观会影响他们的决定，塑造他们的日常行动，并决定他们的优先事项。他们非常重视做一个有美德的人。)”指出，过一种有目标的生活、能坚守自己价值和信念的人非常重视做一个有美德的人；D选项“So they live with certain moral principles.(所以他们有一定的道德准则。)”与上文构成因果关系，说明做一个有美德的人有一定的道德准则，符合语境；选项中的“they”与上文“They”所指代的人一致。故选D。
68．由小标题“Follow your passion.(追随你的热情。)”以及上文“People who live a life of purpose wake up each morning eager to face the new day. They pursue their dreams with enthusiasm, put their heart into everything they do, and feel that they’re personally making a difference. As James Dean once said, (生活有目标的人每天早上醒来都渴望面对新的一天。他们热情地追求自己的梦想，全身心地投入到他们所做的每一件事中，并且觉得他们个人正在做出改变。)”可知，作者认为应该追随自己的梦想，并引用James Dean的话来印证自己的观点；F选项“Dream as if you’ll live forever and live as if you’ll die today.(像你永远活着那样去追求梦想，也像今天即将死去那样用力活着。)”符合语境，选项中的“Dream as if you’ll live forever”与小标题“Follow your passion”以及上文中的“pursue their dreams with enthusiasm”表达意义一致。故选F。
69．上文“People who live a life of purpose have an inner peace. They’re satisfied with what they have and who they are.(生活有目标的人内心平静。他们对自己所拥有的和自己是谁感到满意。)”指出生活有目标的人内心平静，对自己现状很满足；G选项“To them, the grass is greener on their own side of the fence.(对他们来说，自家那边的草更绿。)”说明感到满足的人觉得自己所拥有的就很好，符合语境；选项中的“them”指代上文“They”，即内心平静、对自己所拥有的和自己是谁感到满意的人。故选G。
70．文章结构分析可知，设空处为小标题；由下文“People who live a life of purpose have a positive impact on someone else’s life. They are willing to help people in need and make their life better and happier. They gain as much satisfaction witnessing the success of others as witnessing their own.(有目标的人会对别人的生活产生积极的影响。他们愿意帮助有需要的人，使他们的生活更好、更快乐。他们看到别人的成功和看到自己的成功获得的满足感是一样多的。)”可知本段主要阐述要做一个对别人生活产生积极影响的人；A选项“Make a difference.(带来改变/影响)”符合本段主旨，适合作为小标题，选项与下文“have a positive impact on someone else’s life”表达内容一致。故选A。
（2023·四川成都·统考模拟预测）How do you express gratitude in your everyday life? For me, it sometimes feels worrying: hand-writing hundreds of thank you cards after an anniversary, or making sure to eat every last bite on my plate so my grandma wouldn’t think I was ungrateful for the meal.
71 Here are some tips about how to be better at showing gratitude.
Start a gratitude journal or write a letter. Make it a habit to put down the things that you’re thankful for. 72 There’s also some evidence that it could lower your risk of heart disease and symptoms of depression for some people. Think of someone in your life who you have not had the chance to thank. Think of a specific instance when they helped you. Then, it’s a good idea to send them a letter. 73
74 Look around in your immediate space, and take notice of everything that makes up your environment: the sky, the cool wind, the warmth of your sweater. The act of simply noticing and naming things is a great way to stretch your gratitude muscle as well as obtain some clarity on the strength of all the unique connections in your life.
Bear in mind the difference between saying ”thanks to “and ”thanks for“. Being grateful ”for“ something can be a little unclear or general. 75 It encourages specificity and reminds you of your connection with and responsibility to that person or thing.
A．Stretch your gratitude muscle.
B．Notice the world surrounding you.
C．Better still, deliver it in person and read it to them.
D．A habitual gratitude journal will certainly benefit us.
E．But experts say it doesn’t have to be that complicated.
F．In fact, this habit reduces materialism and enhances generosity.
G．Being grateful “to” something or someone implies a direct relationship.

【答案】71．E 72．F 73．C 74．B 75．G

【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了在日常生活中表达感激之情的几个简单方法。
71．根据上文“How do you express gratitude in your everyday life? For me, it sometimes feels worrying: hand-writing hundreds of thank you cards after an anniversary, or making sure to eat every last bite on my plate so my grandma wouldn’t think I was ungrateful for the meal. (你在日常生活中如何表达感激之情？对我来说，有时感觉很担心：在周年纪念日后手写数百张感谢卡，或者确保吃完我盘子里的每一口，这样我的奶奶就不会认为我对这顿饭忘恩负义。)”以及下文“Here are some tips about how to be better at showing gratitude. (这里有一些关于如何更好地表达感激之情的提示。)”可知空处应为承接前文介绍自己表达感恩方式，并引出后文介绍更为简单的感恩方式，与E项“But experts say it doesn’t have to be that complicated.(但专家表示，它不必那么复杂。)”上下文一致，故选E项。
72．根据前文“Start a gratitude journal or write a letter. Make it a habit to put down the things that you’re thankful for. (写一本感恩日记或写一封信。养成把你感激的事情写下来的习惯)”及下文“There’s also some evidence that it could lower your risk of heart disease and symptoms of depression for some people.(还有一些证据表明，它可以降低某些人患心脏病和抑郁症状的风险.)”可知空处应为写一本感恩日记或者写一份信的好处，空前的“a habit”与F项“In fact, this habit reduces materialism and enhances generosity.(事实上，这种习惯减少了物质主义，增强了慷慨。)”中的“this habit”为同词复现，且与上下文一致，故选F项。
73．根据前文“Think of someone in your life who you have not had the chance to thank. Think of a specific instance when they helped you. Then, it’s a good idea to send them a letter.(想想你生活中没有机会感谢的人。想想他们帮助你的具体例子。然后，给他们写信是个好主意)”可知表示“更好的做法是，亲自交给他们，并速给他们听”的C项“Better still, deliver it in person and read it to them.”承接前文，给要感谢的人写信的建议，构成递进关系——亲自交给他们，并读给他们听，故选C项。
74．根据下文“Look around in your immediate space, and take notice of everything that makes up your environment: the sky, the cool wind, the warmth of your sweater.(环顾四周，注意构成你环境的一切：天空、凉爽的风、毛衣的温暖。)”可知本段的主题为“注意你周围的世界”与B项“Notice the world surrounding you.(注意你周围的世界。)”上下文一致，故选B项。
75．根据前文“Bear in mind the difference between saying “thanks to” and “thanks for”. Being grateful “for” something can be a little unclear or general. (请记住说“谢谢”和“因为……说谢谢”之间的区别。对某事心存感激可能有点不清楚或笼统。)”可知空应承接前文“thanks to” and “thanks for”的介绍，G项“Being grateful ”to“ something or someone implies a direct relationship.(对某事或某人心存感激意味着直接关系。)”与上下文一致，与“thanks for”呼应，并介绍了“thanks to”，故选G项。
真题演练
2023年

Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
Passage 5
【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
【37题详解】
空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项C“Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。

2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文)

Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
Passage2
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
【16题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
【17题详解】
空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. (太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. (第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
Passage3
【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼应了B项的“writing letters”。故选B项。
【18题详解】
下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
【20题详解】
设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
Passage4
【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【16题详解】
根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
Passage5
【2022年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
35.【解析】
根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
36.【解析】
根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
37.【解析】
根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
38.【解析】
根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
39.【解析】
根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
Passage6
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。
12.B根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带来的写作。故选G项。
Passage7
【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1 want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and activities you love.
14
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
【11题详解】
上文 “ I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.（我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充 分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松）”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根 据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time与上文 “to make the most of every day ” 一致，“tips” 引出下文的建议，因此 F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
【12题详解】
根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.（把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上）”说明要挑选一些有趣的 和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“ what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的"the most important一致， 下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。 【13题详解】
上文 “Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.（ 许多人疯 狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间）”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分 配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.（找到一种结合的方式来享受它们）”说明可 以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在 它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
【14题详解】
空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.（你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常 事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法）”可推断，本 段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。 因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
【15题详解】
下文 “Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.（每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起 来就是一个大的胜利）”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这 就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence.（在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断 改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在）”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
Passage8
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. ____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
11.D根据空前“As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. (随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“As a result, each year they received something they wanted. (结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。
12.B根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times t may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13.E根据空前“When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“You write “Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。
14.F根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。 )”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15.G根据空前“There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done. (这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. (但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带来的写作。故选G项。
2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文)

Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book you are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。
Passage2
【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。
【16题详解】
根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
Passage3
【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. ___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【36题详解】
根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项
Passage4
【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
【35题详解】
空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
【36题详解】
空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
【38题详解】
空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
【39题详解】
空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。
Passage5
【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 11．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 12．Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:13．So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14．This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15．It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
11．A下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
12．G上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
13．D根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
14．F根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。
15．B结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。
Passage 6
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【答案】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。
【36题详解】
上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。
【38题详解】
上文“... they eat great food and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国的食物质量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。
【39题详解】
第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因‘物价贵’。故选E项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。
Passage7
【2021年浙江卷6月】You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ___12___ ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___13___ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ___14___ So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___15___ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【答案】11. G 12. A 13. E 14. F 15. B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Paulo Magalhaes创建postcrossing.com的过程及其现状。Paulo Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人，于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人，因而创立了postcrossing.com。随着公司在全球不断壮大，语言成为沟通的主要障碍，后来英语被选为共同语言方便大家交流。
【11题详解】
上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored image of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“... and you realize that not everyone is into it.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from someone far away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用，总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G项。
【12题详解】
上文““I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片， ”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样。”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好，因此他也很坦然接受这个事实，因此选项A“那完全没问题”符合语境。故选A项。
【13题详解】
上文“Today his hobby has evolved into the website Postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了Postcrossing.com这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况，因此符合文意的只有E选项“8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张”是在介绍该网站相关的数据。故选E项。
【14题详解】
上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it.(收到一张用中文写明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的问题。选项F“Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of the fun away.(同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合，符合结论句的语义要求，故选F项。
【15题详解】
上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文“... who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.(他们实际上通过使用明信片来提高他们的英语技能)”可知，写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B “这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难 ”符合语境要求，说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高，因为渠道较少。故选B项。
2020年阅读理解七选五(说明文)

Passage1
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36. Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37. Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38. You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39.
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40. Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start?
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
36.B 根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance(自我接纳的几点建议)及下文的Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。
37.F 根据下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
38. D根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，本句是在说明要讲自己看作一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的。选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。
39. C根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天你拜托了困境。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝，即没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。故选C项。
40.A 结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的优点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可推知本句是在说明“再次感到心烦意乱”的情况。选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。
Passage2
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 36. . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37. , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38. . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39. . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
40. , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
36.D 根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选D。
37. A根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。
38.G 根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。
39.B 根据前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。
40. F根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。
Passage3
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36. And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
37. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
38. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40. Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36.E 上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
37. B下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
38.C 本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。
39. A本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
40.G 上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。
Passage4
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16. Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17. Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18.
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19. And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20. It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.G 本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
17.A 下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18.C 本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19. B本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.D 下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
Passage5
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.____16____
●Stay positive.
Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude.____17____Think teamwork! Think positive!
●Keep track of how you are feeling.
____18____This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.
●____19____
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.
●Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.____20____Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.
B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.
D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.
G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，文章讲述了与医生谈话的几个小建议。
【16题详解】
根据文章第一段“Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.”可知，与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉好些，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供最好的护理。不要害怕或尴尬地讨论困扰你的事情。再结合下文为几条具体的建议，所以B项：Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.（这里有一些与你的医生交谈的小建议。）符合题意，为顺承关系，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据文章第二段“teamwork!”意为团队可知，E项：Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.（记住，你的医生和其他护理人员都站在你这边。）与此呼应，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据文章“This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.”可知，这将使你更容易回答关于你的症状和药物让你感觉如何的问题。这也让你更容易提出你担心的任何事情。一定要诚实地说出你的感受，以及你这种感觉持续了多久。由此可知，这都是在讲感受，故D项：Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.（在你的医生来之前，记下你的感受。）与之呼应，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据文章“Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.”可知，你的病史是你的疾病，治疗，医生告诉你做什么，以及你认为你的医生应该知道的任何事情的清单。如果你有过敏的话，你也要提一下。因此可知看出，这是关于病史和清单的，故F项：Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.（带上你的病史，包括你目前的药物清单。）符合题意，相呼应，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据文章“Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.”可知，不要害怕问你的医生你有的任何问题。当你不在医生办公室时，为了记住你的所有问题，把它们写下来，并带着清单去你的预约。以及“Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.”可知，记住，没有什么愚蠢的问题。如果你不明白问题的答案，请医生再解释一遍，直到你明白为止。因此中间缺少过渡句，故A项：This will make getting answers easier.（这将使获得答案更容易。）正好可以连接两句，故选A。
Passage6
【2020年北京卷】Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____50____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. G 50. A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。
【46题详解】
根据上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。
【47题详解】
根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。
【50题详解】
根据上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。
Passage7
【2020年浙江卷1月】Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
___31___For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world.___32___That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.___33___Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
___34___On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.___35___People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
【答案】31. A 32. E 33. D 34. F 35. G
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源，而世界上很多人并不像我们这样幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝，每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起的腹泻。就此联合国决定3月22日为世界水日，并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题，让人们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。
【31题详解】
根据下文For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.（例如，生产我们吃的食物的农民，使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑的开关时，我们使用能源，我们需要水来产生这种能源）可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项“我们也间接地用水。”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【32题详解】
根据下文That's around one in 10 people in the world.（那大约是世界上十分之一的人）可推知本句为说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项“你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗?”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【33题详解】
根据上文Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且，在一些国家，孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中walk many kilometres every day to get water可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water，故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。”符合上下文语境，故选D。
【34题详解】
结合下文On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.（每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办各种活动，让人们了解脏水的问题，让他们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的）是在说明世界水日当天的活动，故可知本句为说明世界水日的设立时间，故F选项“1993年，联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【35题详解】
根据前文At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.（在英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6公里）可推知本句承接上文继续说明这一做法的意义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项“通过这种方式，他们知道带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。”符合上下文语境，故选G。
【点睛】七选五做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。如第三小题，根据上文Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且，在一些国家，孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中walk many kilometres every day to get water可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water，故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。”符合上下文语境，故选D。
2019年阅读理解七选五(说明文)

Passage1
【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
36.E根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
37.A 根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。
38.G 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。
39.C 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。
40.D 根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
Passage 2
【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G 上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B 下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。
38.A 上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
39.E上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。
40.C 上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。
Passage 3
【2019年全国卷III】In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【答案】36. E 37. G 38. A 39. C 40. F
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
36.E根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项E符合语境。
37.G根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。
38.A根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。
39.C根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项C符合语境。
40.F通读本段，并根据本段主题句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项F符合上下文语境。
Passage 4
【2019年浙江卷6月】Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. G 35. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。
31. C第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的at that time可知前句提到了时间，而且与rock music有关，选项中只有C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选C。
32. B空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became the hottest thing可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项B （甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流）符合文意，且关键词even是一个提示，故选B。
33.A 根据空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他们不确定美国人怎样反应），可知他们首次来美国演出，所以A项（决定首次到美国开巡回演出）符合文意，故选A。
34. G根据空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中应该出现concert，选项G中的关键词their first concert 前后呼应。故选G。
35. E根据空前（由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会），E项（很多新乐队（新面孔）都是模仿披头士），符合逻辑。故选E。
Passage 5
【2018年浙江卷11月】Some people are so rude. Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says “Thank you?” Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet? ______31______
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little courtesies(礼节). But many social norms(规范) just don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a coauthor of Emily Post’s Etiquette，asked, “At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?”
_____32_____ Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages. In texts, you don’t have to declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.
This isn’t the first time technology has changed our manners, ____33____ Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say, " Ahoy! "Finally, hello won out, and the victory sped up the greeting's use in face-to-face communications.
In the age of the smart phone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast, a business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on a digital map. _____34_____ And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people,especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. ____35____ In traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.
A．Then there is voice mail.
B．Others, like me, want no reply.
C． But people still ask these things.
D．Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?
E. Won't new technology bring about changes in our daily life?
F. Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
G. When the telephone was invented, people didn't know how to greet a caller.
【答案】31．D 32．A 33．G 34．C 35．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。科技时代新的交流方式冲击了传统礼节，造成了不同人对两者的不同运用。我们要多考虑对方的情况，互相理解，既有礼貌又尽量不浪费别人时间。
31．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段提到一些人很粗鲁，下面列举了既发语音邮件又发信息浪费时间的具体表现。D项“难道这些人没有意识到他们在浪费你的时间吗?”对上面例子进行了总结，对这些做法提出了疑问。故选D。
32．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据段中The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.可知，作者提到留下语音邮件又发电子邮件通知的情况。A项Then there is voice mail.位于段首，引出voice mail，下文对其进行介绍。故选A。
33．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say, " Ahoy! "Finally, hello won out,可知当时Bell刚发明电话时怎样打招呼的问题，G项：当电话发明时，人们不知道如何和来电者打招呼。与下文连接，故选G。
34．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍智能手机时代数字地图能够解决许多生活查询问题，你帮助他们解决问题后，他们会回复你感谢邮件。C项But people still ask these things.与上文转折，与下文连接。故选C。
35．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍不同的人群对礼节有不同的看法，我们要多考虑对方的情况，互相理解。上句Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message介绍了老年人的习惯，B项Others, like me, want no reply.与之对比，指出年轻人与老年人不同。故选B。
【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第2小题的voice mail，第3小题的Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor,在文中都能找到对应的词或相关内容。
Passage1
【2019年北京卷】Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【答案】46. B 47. E 48. G 49. D 50. F（本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了当今世界的大部分工作都是在团队中完成的。大多数人认为组建一个伟大团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人。可是他们的钱花得好吗？文章就这一问题进行了调查。）
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。
46.B上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人
个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
47.E下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
48.G上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
49.D上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
50.F
下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。