所属成套资源:2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)(Word版附解析)
2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第38讲语篇型语法填空(Word版附解析)
展开
这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第38讲语篇型语法填空(Word版附解析),共23页。试卷主要包含了 命题规律及备考策略, arrival 37,考查现在完成时, 考查连接词, 考查副词, 考查非谓语动词等内容,欢迎下载使用。
第38讲 语篇型语法填空(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题语篇型语法填空考点细目表
试
卷
年份
体裁
主题语境
有提示词类
无提示词类
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
词性
转换
名词
代词
比较
等级
冠
词
介
词
副
词
连词
与
从句
全国乙卷
2023
说明文
人与自然——文化遗产
2
3
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
全国甲卷
2023
说明文
人与社会--文学艺术
1
3
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
新高考Ⅰ卷
2023
说明文
人与社会--健康与食物
0
4
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
2023
记叙文
人与自我--- 职业介绍
1
1
1
3
0
1
1
1
2
全国卷Ⅰ/
全国乙卷
2022
新闻
报道
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2021
说明文
人与自然——生态旅游
2
3
1
1
2
2020
说明文
人与自然——宇宙探索
3
1
2
1
3
2019
说明文
人与自然——动物介绍
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
全国卷Ⅱ/
全国甲卷
2022
记叙文
人与自我——做人与做事
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
2021
记叙文
人与自然——文化遗产
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2020
说明文
人与社会——传统文化
1
3
3
1
1
1
2019
记叙文
人与自我——人物介绍
2
3
2
1
2
全国卷Ⅲ
2020
记叙文
人与自我——伟大的艺术家
2
2
2
1
1
2
2019
记叙文
人与自我——旅行经历
2
2
3
1
1
1
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近3年命题上看,考查形式包括有提示词(6~7个)和无提示词(3~4个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别、词性转换等;无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等:且每空只能填一个单词。
【备考策略】
1.利用体裁特点解题
快速通读整篇文章,了解其体裁特征,理清其逻辑关系,初步摸清文章的主题、大意、时态、写法等,给分析句子和填空提供可靠的逻辑推理依据。
2.利用句法分析解题
语法填空主要是从语法角度入手,对句子结构进行分析。简单句要分析其成分是否完整;每种成分由什么样的词性来充当;复合句要弄清从句的作用以及主从句之间的逻辑关系;特殊句式要分析是否符合其固定的格式。
3.利用习惯搭配解题
英语中有许多固定的词组、短语和句型,在通读全文的基础上,认真分析句子结构,准确辨识句子中的这些固定搭配,利用平时的积累,基本上凭语感就可以解题。
4.利用语篇标志解题
语篇是一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体,其中各成分之间,在形式上是衔接的,在语义上是连贯的。起到语篇之间联系作用的词语就是语篇标志。如:firstly、secondly、next等表示次序和列举;again、moreover、what is more等表示递进:similarly、equally、as with等表示相似;so、altogether、thus、in short等表示总结等。利用这些语篇标志有助于准确把握句子之间的逻辑关系,弄清文章的来龙去脉。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看,预测2024年高考语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。
题型总览1 有提示词类
考点一、提示词为动词原形
1).考查方向非谓语动词
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____66_Having visited___ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____67____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
解析:考查时态、语态和主谓一致。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;amaze作谓语主语是表人的名词应使用其系表结构。
答案:was amazed
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a threeyear pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity...”
解析:考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性……”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,design和句子的主语The GPNP之间是逻辑上的动宾关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填is designed。
答案:is designed
3.【2023年全国乙卷】The ____69remarkable____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____70_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
解析:考查时态。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
答案:means
若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,就要考虑其时态和语态,还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。
2).考查方向为非谓语动词
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
解析:考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,且与visit为逻辑上的主谓关系。
答案:visiting
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】To eat one, you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____58 or____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
解析:考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,
答案:to bite
3.(2022·全国甲卷)A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ______61 __ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是hiked,空处是非谓语动词。名词step前面有序数词first修饰,因此空处应用动词不定式作后置定语,故填to journey。
答案:to journey
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词通常是非谓语动词,就要确定是动词ing形式、过去分词,还是动词不定式。一般来说,动词ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成;动词不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
3)考查方向为词性转换
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57 confident speaking English.
解析:考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。
答案:arrival
2. 【2023年全国乙卷】The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ___50_means____ there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
解析:考查形容词。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。
答案:remarkable
3. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is—always leaving us ____________(astonish).
解析:考查形容词。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
答案:astonished
有时所给提示词虽然是动词,但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词,而是要求进行词性转换。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应转换为哪种词性。一般考查动词变为名词,有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
1.(2023·重庆·重庆巴蜀中学校考三模)Legend assigns the discovery of tea to mythological emperor Shennong, who is said 3 (discover) tea in the 28th century BC. Shennong was sitting under a tea tree boiling a pot of water to drink....
The Tang Dynasty 7 (consider) by most to be the golden age of Chinese arts and culture. It was during this time that green tea became a popular drink and an important part of 8 (tradition) Chinese culture.
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:传说茶的发现要归功于神话中的神农皇帝,据说他在公元前28世纪发现了茶。固定句型somebody is said to have done,表示据说某人已经做某事,表示动作已经发生,用了动词不定式的完成时。故填to have discovered。
7.考查动词语态。句意:唐朝被大多数人认为是中国艺术和文化的黄金时代。主语The Tang Dynasty后缺少谓语动词,唐朝和认为是被动关系,应用被动语态,表示过去发生的事情用一般过去时,主语是单数,be动词使用was。故填was considered。
8.考查形容词。句意:正是在这一时期,绿茶成为一种流行的饮料,成为中国传统文化的重要组成部分。此处修饰Chinese culture,应用形容词,作定语。故填traditional。
2.(广东省4地5校2023年高三期中试题 )Until now six episodes of the programme ___40___ (broadcast) while the number of discussions of the topic online has exceeded 1 billion, providing a cultural feast for the audience.
【答案】have been broadcast/have been broadcasted。
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,该节目已播出6集,在线讨论次数超过10亿次,为观众提供了一场文化盛宴。谓语动词broadcast和主语之间是被动关系,根据时间状语Until now可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。主谓一致,故填have been broadcast/have been broadcasted。
考点二、提示词为形容词或副词
1)考查方向为比较等级
1. (2022·全国甲卷)...in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's ________ (high) mountain.
解析:考查形容词的比较等级。结合常识可知,乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,故填最高级highest。
答案:highest
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ____________(high) than they actually are.
解析:考查形容词的比较等级。根据空格后的than可知,此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
答案:higher
所给提示词为形容词或副词时,需要考虑是否变为比较级或最高级,如若不是,则需要考虑词性转换。
2).考查方向为词性转换
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning? ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
解析:考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。
答案:Basically
2.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction.
解析:考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。
答案:warning
3.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It will ____________(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
解析:考查词性转换。修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。
答案:undoubtedly
所给提示词为形容词时,需要考虑形容词转化成副词或名词。
(2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测)Imperial Mountain Resort in Chengde used to be the resort of emperors of Qing Dynasty. Situated in the city of Chengde in northeastern Hebei Province, the resort is 1 (convenient) accessible by either train or long-distance bus.
1. 考查副词。句意:该度假村位于河北省承德市,坐火车或长途汽车都很方便。 此空修饰形容词accessible“可得到的、可利用的”,应使用副词,故填conveniently。
2.(山东省实验中学2023年高三测试)____44____ (unlucky), once there, many people found that the availability of wealth had been overstated.
【答案】Unluckily
【解析】考查副词。句意:不幸的是,许多人一到那里,就发现财富的可获得性被夸大了。副词置于句首修饰整个句子,Unluckily符合句意。 故填Unluckily。
考点三、提示词为名词或代词
1).考查方向为数与格
【2022新高考Ⅱ卷】He saved my ___64___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
40. 答案:son's
解析:考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填。
所给提示词是名词时,一般考查单复数的变化,偶尔考查所有格;所给词是代词时,一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。
2).考查方向为词性或词形转换
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____61to be lifted____out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____62____ (they) contents.
解析:考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。
答案:their
2.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ____________(I).
解析:考查代词。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,省略宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。
答案:mine
3.【2022年北京卷】Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.
解析:考查代词。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。
答案:themselves
1.(2023·重庆·重庆巴蜀中学校考三模) The Tang Dynasty 7 (consider) by most to be the golden age of Chinese arts and culture. It was during this time that green tea became a popular drink and an important part of 8 (tradition) Chinese culture.
7.考查动词语态。句意:唐朝被大多数人认为是中国艺术和文化的黄金时代。主语The Tang Dynasty后缺少谓语动词,唐朝和认为是被动关系,应用被动语态,表示过去发生的事情用一般过去时,主语是单数,be动词使用was。故填was considered。
8.考查形容词。句意:正是在这一时期,绿茶成为一种流行的饮料,成为中国传统文化的重要组成部分。此处修饰Chinese culture,应用形容词,作定语。故填traditional。
2.(河北省沧衡八校联盟2023年高三期中试题)He was always forcing ____62____ (he) to get that glove faster and faster.
【答案】himself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:他总是强迫自己越拿越快。主语和宾语一致时,宾语要用反身代词,因此空格处是反身代词himself。故填himself。
题型总览2 无提示词类
考点一、填代词
(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____________ can be to eat out.
解析:考查代词。it作形式主语,动词不定式to eat out为真正的主语。
答案:it
无提示词的考查中,当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括人称代词和it的用法。
(云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考) When customers enter Spyce, ___64___ are met with a human guide who shows them to a touchscreen kiosk (自助服务终端) where they can place their order.
【答案】they
【解析】考查代词。句意:当顾客进入Spyce时,他们会遇到一个人工向导,他会带他们到一个自助服务终端,在那里他们可以下订单。分析句子可知,句子为“When”引导的时间状语从句,空格处缺少主句主语,应用人称代词主格“they”代指从句中的“customers”,意为“他们”。故填they。
考点二 填副词
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house,it was raining ____________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
解析:考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处是so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”,so修饰副词hard。
答案:so
无提示词的考查中,有时需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的副词。
考点三、填介词
1.【2022年新高考1卷】Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
解析:考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。
答案: as
2. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Museums must compete ____________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
解析:考查介词。compete for...为固定搭配,意为“为了……竞争”,故填for。
答案:for
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
(2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测)The 10-km-long wall around it winds its way through plains and high mountains 6 the Great Wall.
6. 考查介词。句意:十公里的围墙像长城一样蜿蜒起伏,穿越平原,跨过高山。此处需用介词like,表示像长城一样蜿蜒起伏。故填like。
2. (2023·湖北·开滦第二中学校考模拟预测)And Yu Xi, the scriptwriter (编剧), hopes his movie will arouse the children’s interest 6 the history of the founding of the CPC and encourage them 7 (do) their own extensive learning.
6.考查介词。句意:编剧余曦希望他的电影能引起孩子们对中国共产党成立历史的兴趣,并鼓励他们自己进行广泛的学习。分析句子结构可知,此处是固定搭配:arouse one’s interest in意为“引起某人的兴趣”。故填in。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:编剧余曦希望他的电影能引起孩子们对中国共产党成立历史的兴趣,并鼓励他们自己进行广泛的学习。分析句子结构可知,此处是固定搭配:encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to do。
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Not the pandas, even though ___59___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
解析:考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
答案:the
2. 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 The meat should be fresh with ____63____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
解析:考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
答案:a
当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者空格后有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
(2023·湖北·开滦第二中学校考模拟预测)After that there was 8 online lecture by Zuo Heng, director of the film culture research department of the China Film Art Research Center, who explained the spirit of the times embedded (嵌入) in the movie.
8.考查冠词。句意:之后,中国电影艺术研究中心电影文化研究部主任左恒在网上做了一场讲座,他解释了这部电影所蕴含的时代精神。分析句子结构可知,lecture是可数名词,句中用的单数,前应用不定冠词修饰,online是元音音素开头,用an。故填an。
考点五、填并列连词
1.【2023年全国乙卷】It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____65____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
解析:考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系,用but。
答案:but
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ___64___ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
解析:考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,应该用and连接。
答案:and
当空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个并列的词、短语、句子等,而且并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果等关系时,那么空格处一般填并列连词。
1.(2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测)The resort and the 12 Buddhist temples at its periphery (外围) were built during the Qing Dynasty. It served as the second political center of the Qing imperial court 7 the emperors of the early Qing Dynasty often spent their summers there, conducting state 8 (affair) and engaging in important political activities.
7.考查连词。句意:清廷是清廷的第二个政治中心,清初的皇帝经常在那里过夏,主持国家事务,从事重要的政治活动。分析句子结构和句意可知,前后句之间存在并列关系,应使用连词and,故填and。
8.考查可数名词的单复数。句意:清廷是清廷的第二个政治中心,清初的皇帝经常在那里过夏,主持国家事务,从事重要的政治活动。名词affair“事务”,为可数名词,根据可数名词的性质,应使用其复数形式,故填affairs。
考点六 、填从属连词
1.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Oranges: Orange trees are more 64. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune ...
解析:考查比较状语从句。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。。
答案:than
2. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the outofthisworld scenes.
解析:考查名词性从句。此处是主语从句,从句缺少主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。
答案:What
3. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike.
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作paintings的定语,两者之间是所属关系,应用whose引导定语从句。
答案:whose
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ____________ they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
解析:考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,故用that引导。
答案:that
从属连词是指三大从句的引导词,它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
1.(2023·重庆·重庆巴蜀中学校考三模)
In China, the use and cultivation (种植) of green tea goes back thousands of years. While there is no precise way to know 1 (exact) when green tea was first cultivated, the following is 2 we know from historical records.
1.考查副词。句意:虽然没有确切的方法知道绿茶是什么时候开始种植的,但以下是我们从历史记录中得知的。此处修饰动词know,应用副词,作状语。故填exactly。
2.考查表语从句。句意:虽然没有确切的方法知道绿茶是什么时候开始种植的,但以下是我们从历史记录中得知的。系动词is后是表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,应用连接代词what引导,指代“我们知道的事情”。故填what。
2.(2023·湖北·开滦第二中学校考模拟预测)Following the screening, via video, actor Wang Renjun, 2 plays the 28-year-old Chairman Mao Zedong, shared his various 3 (thought) with the students about his interpretation of the great character.
2.考查定语从句。句意:放映结束后,扮演28岁的毛泽东主席的演员王仁军通过视频与学生们分享了他对这个伟大人物诠释的各种想法。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Wang Renjun,在从句中作主语,应该用who引导。故填who。
3.考查名词。句意:放映结束后,扮演28岁的毛泽东主席的演员王仁军通过视频与学生们分享了他对这个伟大人物诠释的各种想法。分析句子结构可知,空前是形容词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,thought意为“想法”,为可数名词,由形容词various可知此处用复数形式。故填thoughts。
1. (浙江省十校联盟2023年高三联考) I never knew why it had such great charm ___41___ I got there.
【答案】until
【解析】考查连词。句意:直到我到达那里,我才不知道为什么它有如此大的魅力。分析句子可知,两个句子之间需要连词连接,根据句意,not…until…“直到……才……”符合句意,用until引导时间状语从句,故填until。
考点七、填情态动词或助动词
1. Then the driver stood up and asked,“____________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”
解析:句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句,“丢失”是发生在过去的动作,故应用助动词did。注意首字母大写。
答案:Did
有时需要用助动词来构成某些句式,如疑问句、否定句或强调句型等;另外,有时也需要根据语境填相应的情态动词。
过关检测
(2023·云南·云南师大附中校考模拟预测)阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a large number of Chinese dishes, a wide range of flavors, and complex cooking methods, which are 1 (two) to none in the world. For a long time, due to the influence of the local environment, customs and dietary habits, dishes from all over China 2 (form) various genres with local flavor characteristics. 3 is known to all is the “eight major cuisines” in China, with the four major cuisines of Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Sichuan forming 4 (early), and later the other four.
Sichuan cuisine has a variety of flavors, 5 (include) spicy, sour, tanned, fishy, and strange. Sichuan cuisine is also the largest folk cuisine. Among the top 20 dishes, Sichuan cuisine occupies half of the seats, and “Sichuan Hot Pot” ranks first among 6 thousands of dishes selected by the Data Journalism Lab.
The second and third place are dominated by two traditional Hangzhou dishes, 7 (name) Dongpo Meat and West Lake Vinegar Fish. Are the 3 hottest dishes in each of the “Big Eight Cuisine” dishes the same 8 the results in your mind?
The “eight major cuisines” have their own systems, which represent different customs and cultural characteristics of different places, but in the final analysis 9 Chinese people’s attention and love for “eating”. Diet has become a way of life and a fashion that promotes 10 (consume) and drives the development of the country’s catering industry.
【答案】
1.second 2.have formed 3.What 4.earlier 5.including 6.the 7.namely/named 8.as 9.are 10.consumption
【导语】本文时一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了中国八大菜系及其主要特点。
1.考查固定搭配。句意:中国的中餐数量众多,口味繁多,烹饪方法复杂,在世界上首屈一指。根据空格前的系动词are可知,空格处应填名词构成固定搭配second to none,意为“首屈一指”,在句中作表语。故填second。
2.考查动词时态。句意:长期以来,由于当地环境、风俗习惯和饮食习惯的影响,中国各地的菜肴形成了具有地方风味特色的各种流派。空格处作谓语,根据时间状语For a long time可知,应用现在完成时,主语dishes为名词的复数形式。故填have formed。
3.考查主语从句。句意:众所周知的是,中国的“八大菜系”,鲁、苏、粤、川四大菜系形成较早,其他四个菜系形成较晚。空格处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,指物,应用连接代词what引导从句。故填What。
4.考查副词比较级。句意:众所周知的是,中国的“八大菜系”,鲁、苏、粤、川四大菜系形成较早,其他四个菜系形成较晚。空格处修饰现在分词forming,作状语,应用副词形式,结合句意可知,此处想表达的是鲁、苏、粤、川四大菜系形成较早,故用副词的比较级。故填earlier。
5.考查介词。句意:川菜有各种各样的味道,有辣的,有酸的,有晒成褐色的,有鱼腥味的,还有奇怪的。根据“spicy, sour, tanned, fishy, and strange”可知此处用介词including表示“包括”。故填including。
6.考查冠词。句意:在排名前20的菜品中,川菜占据了一半的席位,“四川火锅”在数据新闻实验室评选的数千道菜品中排名第一。根据名词dishes后的定语selected by the Data Journalism Lab可知,此处表示特指数千道被评选的菜肴,应用定冠词the。故填the。
7.考查副词/非谓语动词。句意:排名第二和第三的是两道杭州传统菜,即/名为东坡肉和西湖醋鱼。are dominated为谓语,空格处作状语,表示补充说明,可用副词namely;或用非谓语动词作定语,名词dishes和动词name之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式named。故填namely/named。
8.考查介词。句意:“八大菜系”中每道菜中最热门的三道菜与你心目中的结果相同吗?the same as为固定搭配,意为“与……相同”。故填as。
9.考查倒装与时态。句意:“八大菜系”各有体系,代表着不同地方不同的风俗习惯和文化特色,但归根结底是中国人对“吃”的关注和热爱。该句为主系表结构的完全倒装,空处缺少系动词,根据动词have可知,应用一般现在时。故填are。
10.考查名词。句意:饮食已经成为一种生活方式和时尚,促进了消费,推动了国家餐饮业的发展。根据动词promotes可知,空格处应填名词作宾语,结合句意“消费”是consumption,为不可数名词。故填consumption。
(2023·河北保定·河北安国中学校联考三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent months, the China Grand Canal Museum in Yangzhou, set 11 (present) the history and culture of the Grand Canal, has attracted a great number of visitors. 12 the museum providing 15, 000 tickets each day, visitors can book in advance. They usually sell out on weekends, making the museum 13 popular landmark in East China. It takes only 20 minutes to get to the museum by taxi from the Yangzhoudong Railway Station. “My passion 14 (arouse) by those passengers, so I took my children to the museum too. I never knew why it had such great charm 15 I got there.” said one passager.
The museum, 16 appearance resembles a giant ship, covers 80,000 square meters and houses 14 exhibition halls. While telling its story, the museum puts an 17 (emphasize) on improving visitors’ experience. Young people can take part in a live-action role-play game designed by the museum, transporting them back to the Ming Dynasty, and 18 (immerse) them in an amazing world. “It is 19 (true) a very meaningful experience,” said a visitor surnamed Chen, “This is not the first time that I 20 (attract).”
【答案】
11.to present 12.With 13.a 14.was aroused 15.until 16.whose 17.emphasis 18.immersing 19.truly 20.have been attracted
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了扬州的中国大运河博物馆。
11.考查非谓语动词。句意:最近几个月,扬州的中国大运河博物馆吸引了大量游客,该博物馆旨在展示大运河的历史和文化。应为不定式作宾语。故填to present。
12.考查介词。句意:博物馆每天提供15000张门票,游客可以提前预订。分析句子成分可知,应为with的复合结构:with+n.+doing。置于句首首字母大写。故填With。
13.考查冠词。句意:他们通常在周末卖光,使博物馆成为中国东部的热门地标。此处应为不定冠词表示泛指表示“一个受欢迎的地标”。且空后词未辅音音素开头。故填a。
14.考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:那些乘客激起了我的热情,所以我也带着我的孩子们去了博物馆。分析句子成分可知,空处应为谓语动词。根据结果状语从句谓语动词“took”的时态以及空前主语“My passion”可知,应为一般过去时,为被动语态,为单数。故填was aroused。
15.考查连词。句意:直到我到达那里,我才知道为什么它有如此大的魅力。分析句子成分可知,两个句子之间需要连词连接。根据句意,应为固定句型not…until…“直到……才……”,其中until引导时间状语从句。故填until。
16.考查定语从句。句意:这个博物馆,它的外观像一艘巨轮,占地8万平方米,有14个展厅。分析句子成分可知,空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指代先行词“The museum”,且在从句中和名词“appearance”构成所属关系,故应为关系代词whose作定语。故填whose。
17.考查名词。句意:在讲述故事的同时,博物馆强调改善游客的体验。固定搭配put an emphasis on“强调……”。故填emphasis。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意:年轻人可以参加由博物馆设计的真人角色扮演游戏,将他们送回明朝,并沉浸在一个神奇的世界中。分析句子成分可知,应为doing形式和“transporting”并列作结果状语,表示意料之中的结果。故填immersing。
19.考查副词。句意:这确实是一次非常有意义的经历。应用副词作状语修饰句子。故填truly。
20.考查谓语动词。句意:“这不是我第一次被吸引了。”应为固定句型this is the first time that sb have/has done sth“某人第几次做某事”,故提示词应为现在完成时,且照应主语,应为被动语态,为复数。故填have been attracted。
(2023·四川·校考模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Mengtian space lab module, 21 third major component of the nation’s Tiangong space station, was launched on Monday afternoon in a key step to complete the inorbit assembly of Tiangong. The lab module’s carrier-a Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket-blasted off at 3:37 pm at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in the southernmost island province of Hainan. After 22 (fly)more than eight minutes, the rocket placed the spacecraft into a low-Earth orbit nearly 400 kilometers above the ground in 23 Tiangong is traveling. In the next couple of hours, the Mengtian docked(对接)with the Tiangong station’s Tianhe core module, according to the China Manned Space Agency.
The lab module 24 (be)about 17.9 meters long, has a diameter(直径) 25 4.2 meters and weighs more than 23 metric tons, according to its 26 (design)at the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. Gan Keli, Mengtian’s project manager at the Shanghai Academy, said, “Scientific 27 (equip)onboard will be used 28 (carry)out experiments in fluid physics, materials science, combustion science and fundamental physics.”
After Mengtian 29 (connect)with the Tiangong, the station will finally form a T-shaped structure and astronauts will have as much as 110 cubic meters in their 30 (use)space.
【答案】
21.the 22.flying 23.which 24.is 25.of 26.designers 27.equipment 28.to carry 29.is connected 30.usable
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要讲中国天宫空间站的第三个主要部件“梦天”空间实验室舱于周一下午发射,这是完成天宫在轨组装的关键一步。
21.考查冠词。句意:中国天宫空间站的第三个主要部件“梦天”空间实验室舱于周一下午发射,这是完成天宫在轨组装的关键一步。分析句子可知,序数词 third 前面应加定冠词,表“第三个”。故填the。
22.考查动名词。句意:在飞行了八分多钟后,火箭将航天器送入近地轨道,距离天宫飞行的地面近400公里。分析句子可知,介词After后面应加动名词作宾语。故填flying。
23.考查定语从句。句意:在飞行了八分多钟后,火箭将航天器送入近地轨道,距离天宫飞行的地面近400公里。分析句子可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词为a low-Earth orbit ,在从句中作状语,所以可用in which。故填which。
24.考查时态。句意:据上海航天技术研究院的设计师介绍,该实验室模块长约17.9米,直径4.2米,重量超过23公吨。分析句子可知,这里考查系动词,且由后面has和weighs可知,这里时态应用一般现在时。故填is。
25.考查介词。句意:据上海航天技术研究院的设计师介绍,该实验室模块长约17.9米,直径4.2米,重量超过23公吨。a diameter of表“直径为”,为固定搭配。故填of。
26.考查名词复数。句意:据上海航天技术研究院的设计师介绍,该实验室模块长约17.9米,直径4.2米,重量超过23公吨。分析句子可知,这里应指“设计者”,所以应用designer,再由句意可知,这里应用复数形式。故填designers。
27.考查名词。句意:船上的科学设备将用于进行流体物理学、材料科学、燃烧科学和基础物理学的实验。分析句子可知,形容词Scientific后面应加名词,且equipment表“设备”,为不可数名词。故填equipment。
28.考查不定式。句意:船上的科学设备将用于进行流体物理学、材料科学、燃烧科学和基础物理学的实验。分析句子可知,这里考查be used to do sth 表“被用来做某事”。故填to carry。
29.考查时态语态。句意:“梦天”与天宫对接后,空间站将最终形成一个T形结构,宇航员的可用空间将达到110立方米。分析句子可知,此空应填谓语动词,Mengtian与connect为被动关系,再根据主将从现可知,这里时态应用一般现在时。故填is connected。
30.考查形容词。句意:“梦天”与天宫对接后,空间站将最终形成一个T形结构,宇航员的可用空间将达到110立方米。分析句子可知,此空应填形容词作定语,修饰后面名词space。故填usable。
(2023·湖南娄底·统考模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While there are many painters I like, I would have to say that Wu Guanzhong is my personal favourite. There is something about his style that sets him apart from other 31 (paint).
Wu Guanzhong’s painting style can be described 32 a mix of Western and Chinese painting traditions. 33 , his style is very modern; many of his paintings are 34 (strike)simple, but also very elegant.
Wu Guanzhong mastered the use of white space. My favourite painting is this one, 35 (call)Zhou Village, in 36 he used this technique very effectively. Like many of his other works, it’s very stylish. Wu used 37 striking combination of black strokes and white space 38 (depict)traditional Chinese buildings in a water town. There is something beautiful and strange about the whitewashed houses in the painting: they rise up like mountains. Perhaps he wanted to create an 39 (impress)landscape painting to represent a simple small-town scene. The river is in the foreground, and at its centre 40 (be)a small bridge. When you look at the painting, it is as if you were about to cross the bridge and enter another world.
【答案】
31.painters 32.as 33.However 34.strikingly 35.called 36.which 37.a 38.to depict 39.impressive 40.is
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者喜欢吴冠中的绘画,讲述了吴冠中的绘画风格和作品的独特的风格。
31.考查名词。句意:他的风格使他有别于其他画家。other修饰名词,作介词from的宾语,根据句意,painter“画家”符合句意,可数名词,由other修饰用复数,故填painters。
32.考查介词。句意:吴冠中的绘画风格可以被描绘成中西绘画传统的结合。be described as“被描绘成……”,是固定短语,故填as。
33.考查副词。句意:然而,他的风格是非常现代的;他的许多画是惊人的简单,但也非常优雅。根据语境,前文“吴冠中的绘画风格可以被描绘成中西绘画传统的结合”与下文“他的风格是非常现代的”是转折关系,有逗号和主句隔开用however,故填However。
34.考查副词。句意:然而,他的风格是非常现代的;他的许多画是惊人的简单,但也非常优雅。修饰形容词用副词作状语,strikingly“显著地”符合语境。故填strikingly。
35.考查非谓语动词。句意:吴冠中掌握了留白的运用。我最喜欢的画是这幅,被叫做周村,他在其中非常有效地运用了这种技巧。分析句子可知,句子谓语动词是is,call用非谓语动词形式作定语,call与this one(指代painting)是被动关系,用过去分词短语作后置定语,故填called。
36.考查定语从句。句意:吴冠中掌握了留白的运用。我最喜欢的画是这幅,被叫做周村,他在其中非常有效地运用了这种技巧。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰Zhou Village,作介词in的宾语,指物,用关系代词which,故填which。
37.考查冠词。句意:吴用黑色笔触和白色空间的惊人组合描绘了一个水乡的中国传统建筑。根据句意,此处泛指“一种惊人的组合”,用不定冠词修饰, striking以辅音音素开头,故填a。
38.考查不定式。句意:吴用黑色笔触和白色空间的惊人组合描绘了一个水乡的中国传统建筑。分析句子可知,用不定式作目的状语,故填to depict。
39.考查形容词。句意:也许他想创作一幅令人印象深刻的风景画来表现一个简单的小镇场景。修饰名词landscape用形容词作定语,impressive“令人印象深刻的”符合句意,故填impressive。
40.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:前景是那条河,河的中心是一座小桥。分析句子可知,and连接并列句,be动词是谓语动词,由前文的is和上下文可知,讲述客观事实用一般现在时,“at its center”置句首,句子全部倒装,主语是a small bridge,是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填is。
(2023·湖南长沙·雅礼中学校考三模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
Like most other toddlers (初学走路的孩子), one curious 20-month-old from Brazil loves to explore and gets into trouble. The story goes like this. When the child 41 (leave) home alone with an older brother, everything was fine at first. But not long after that, the baby got angry and wandered away from home. When his parents came back, they found their baby 42 (go). The parents were so worried about their baby and his 43 (safe) that they had to turn to their families and neighbors for help. They immediately set out 44 (look) for the missing child everywhere, 45 failed to find anything.
Eventually, the family called for help from the police 46 arrived with a search and rescue dog named Luke to look 47 the child. Luke managed to catch a scent, and led rescuers into the jungle and straight to the child within twenty-five 48 (minute). Rescuers found the scared child 49 (stand) in some bushes in the jungle, so they immediately picked the toddler up and rushed back to the worried family. 50 (thankful), Luke managed to find the toddler before he suffered any serious injuries.
【答案】
41.was left 42.gone 43.safety 44.to look 45.but 46.who 47.for 48.minutes 49.standing 50.Thankfully
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小孩独自离开家,家长找寻未果后,向警察求助。最后在搜救犬的帮助下,终于及时找到了小孩。
41.考查时态和语态。句意:当这个孩子和一个哥哥单独留在家里时,一开始一切都很好。这里为从句谓语动词,根据主句时态可知,从句时态为一般过去时;主语为“the child”,单数,和动词“leave”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was left。
42.考查形容词。句意:当他的父母回来时,发现他们的孩子不见了。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词担当宾语补足语。故填gone。
43.考查名词。句意:这对父母非常担心他们的孩子和他的安全,他们不得不向家人和邻居求助。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词作宾语。故填safety。
44.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们立即出发到处寻找那个失踪的孩子,但一无所获。固定短语:set out to do sth.,意为“出发做某事”。故填to look。
45.考查连词。句意:他们立即出发到处寻找那个失踪的孩子,但一无所获。空前“set out ____4____ (look) for the missing child everywhere”和空后“failed to find anything”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。
46.考查定语从句。句意:最后,这家人向警察求助,警察带着一只名叫Luke的搜救犬来到现场寻找孩子。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“the police”,关系词在定语从句中担当主语,用关系代词who引导。故填who。
47.考查固定短语。句意:最后,这家人向警察求助,警察带着一只名叫Luke的搜救犬来到现场寻找孩子。固定短语:look for,意为“寻找”,符合句意。故填for。
48.考查名词的数。句意:Luke设法捕捉到了一种气味,并带领救援人员进入丛林,在25分钟内直接找到了孩子。根据空前的“twenty-five”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填minutes。
49.考查非谓语动词。句意:救援人员在丛林的灌木丛中发现了这个吓坏了的孩子,所以他们立即把孩子抱起来,冲回了这个担心的家庭。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语补足语,和宾语“scared child”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填standing。
50.考查副词。句意:幸运的是,Luke在孩子受重伤之前找到了他。这里为副词担当句子的状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Thankfully。
(2023·四川成都·统考模拟预测)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This year has seen many events in Chinese film industry. However, the launch of the Youku non-barrier cinema is of special 51 (significant). According to reports, anyone with a visual disability can register and enjoy all the non-barrier films in the online cinema oeuvre (全部作品).
It should be noted that there are over 17 million people 52 (suffer)from visual disabilities in China alone. It’s really hard for us to imagine the disappointment 53 the visually disabled people who know there is a new film but can’t watch it.
That’s why barrier-free films 54 (appear), namely broadcasting the original film in a hall, 55 a speaker explains its storyline to the visually disabled audience at the same time. However, it’s always 56 (easy) said than done. Funds are needed to rent a hall big enough 57 (support)audiences and work needs to be done to inform the targeted audiences. Therefore, most domestic barrier-free film studios are non-profitable.
58 new media technologies have made it possible for people with visual disabilities to enjoy the show, a barrier-free cinema hall could only support about 300 audiences at the most. But a barrier-free film online could 59 (hear)by maybe 3 million. That enables more of the visually disabled community to enjoy films and enrich their 60 (day)lives.
【答案】
51.significance 52.suffering 53.of 54.appeared 55.where 56.easier 57.to support 58.Although/Though 59.be heard 60.daily
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了无障碍影院的推出具有特殊的意义。
51.考查不可数名词。 句意::然而,优酷无障碍影院的推出具有特殊的意义。 此处用名词作介词of的宾语,表示“意义”,为不可数名词,故填significance。
52.考查现在分词。 句意: 应当指出的是,仅在中国就有1700多万人患有视觉残疾。句中已有谓语动词are,此处为非谓语动词作定语,people与suffer之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语,故填sufering。
53.考查介词。句意:我们真的很难想象那些知道有新电影但却看不下了的视障人士的失望。结合句意可知,the disappointment与the visually disabled people之间是所属关系,故此处用介词of,故填of。
54.考查动词时态。 句意:这就是为什么出现了无障碍电影,即在大厅里播放原始电影,演讲者同时向视障观众解释故事情节。 结合句意可知此处在讲述过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时,故填appeared。
55.考查定语从句。 句意:这就是为什么出现了无障碍电影,即在大厅里播放原始电影,演讲者同时向视障观众解释故事情节。此处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为hall,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
56.考查比较级。句意:然而,说起来总是容易做起来难。 结合句意和than可知,此处用比较级,故填easier。
57.考查动词不定式。 句意:需要资金来租用一个足够大的大厅来支持观众,还需要为目标观众提供信息。enough to do表示“足够做某事”,故填to support。
58. 考查让步状语从句。 句意: 尽管新媒体技术使视障人士有可能欣赏这场演出,但一个无障碍电影院最多只能容纳约300名观众。 结合句意可知,此处表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,且首字母大写,故填Although或Though。
59.考查动词语态。句意: 但一部无障碍的在线电影可能会有300万人观看。 结合句意可知,主语a barrier-free film online 与hear之间是被动关系,且空前有can,故填be heard。
60.考查形容词。旬意: 这使更多的视障群体能够欣赏电影,丰富他们的日常生活。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词life,故填daily。
(2022·吉林白山·抚松县第一中学校考二模)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Plastic has polluted the countryside and been 61 threat to wildlife for decades. In the last century or so, environmentalists have urged us 62 (cut) the amount of plastic we use or recycle the plastic bags. However, with only less than 14 percent of the total amount recycled, people are still struggling with plastic pollution 63 (global).
There may be a solution. Recently scientists have made a biodegradable (可降解的) plastic, 64 means the billions of plastic bags, cups, straws, etc. that we throw away each day could be recycled. 65 (compare) with ordinary plastics, they could break down as naturally as organic waste. They could do it within a few weeks, 66 (use) just heat and water. The new, biodegradable plastic has polyester-eating enzymes (酶) inside it, When these enzymes are exposed 67 heat and water, they eat away at the plastic and turn it into “food” for the soil. Professor Ting Xu said up to 98 per cent of the plastic her team made reduced into tiny pieces: She said: “The study gives us a belief that this continuing problem of single-use plastics can 68 (solve) in the near future.” She added: “Look at all the 69 (waste) stuff we throw away—clothing, shoes, electronics.... We are taking things from the earth at a 70 (fast) rate than we can return them.”
【答案】
61.a 62.to cut 63.globally 64.which 65.Compared 66.using 67.to 68.be solved 69.wasted 70.faster
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型可降解的塑料可以降低塑料带来的危害和污染。
61.考查冠词。句意:塑料污染了农村,几十年来一直威胁着野生动物。此处泛指一个威胁,应用不定冠词来修饰,且threat发音是以辅音音素开头,应用a,故填a。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意:在上个世纪左右,环保人士敦促我们减少塑料的使用量或回收塑料袋。urge sb. to do固定搭配,意为“催促某人做某事”,故填to cut。
63.考查副词。句意:然而,只有不到总量14% 的塑料被回收,人们仍然与全球塑料污染斗争。此处应用副词globally作状语,故填globally。
64.考查定语从句。句意:最近科学家们做了一个生物可分解塑料,这意味着我们每天扔掉的数十亿个塑料袋、杯子、吸管等等都可以被回收利用。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为上文整个句子,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导定语从句,故填which。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意:与普通塑料相比,它们可以像有机废物一样自然分解。此处是非谓语动词在句中作状语,主语they和动词compare是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填Compared。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们可以在几个星期内完成,只需要热量和水。此处是非谓语动词作状语,主语they和动词use是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填using。
67.考查固定搭配。句意:当这些酶暴露在热和水中时,它们会侵蚀塑料,并把它变成土壤的“食物”。be exposed to固定搭配,意为“暴露于”,故填to。
68.考查语态。句意:她说:“这项研究让我们相信,一次性塑料这个持续存在的问题可以在不久的将来得到解决。”that引导的同位语从句中,主语problem和动词solve是被动关系,由情态动词can可知,此处应用be solved。故填be solved。
69.考查形容词。句意:她补充说:“看看我们扔掉的那些被浪费掉的东西——衣服、鞋子、电子产品……。”此处应用形容词wasted作定语,修饰名词stuff,故填wasted。
70.考查形容词比较级。句意:我们从地球上拿走东西的速度比我们还回去的速度还要快。由than可知,此处应用形容词fast的比较级faster作定语,修饰名词rate,故填faster。
(2023·广东阳江·统考一模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Amazon Rainforest is home to a great variety of plant life; 71 , its soil is 72 (surprising) poor in nutrients. In fact, the soil in the region cannot support agriculture for more than a few years. If we give scientists a report 73 lists the nutrients of that soil, he or she will probably think that only desert 74 (plant) can survive in it! Then why is the soil so poor in nutrients? For one thing, the rainy season has 75 impact on the soil. In the rainy season, the water level can rise to more than 12 metres. 76 the water goes away, it takes away the nutrients in the soil. 77 another thing, due to the Amazon’s hot climate, it is difficult for the soil 78 (build) up enough nutrients. Dead plants and animals 79 (break) down more quickly. The nutrients are soon taken in by the roots of the plants deep beneath the ground. As a result, most of the forest’s nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, 80 (allow) them to grow at an unbelievable speed.
【答案】
71.however 72.surprisingly 73.that/which 74.plants 75.an 76.When 77.For 78.to build 79.are broken 80.allowing
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚马逊雨林的土壤出人意料地贫瘠的原因:雨季和炎热气候的影响。
71.考查副词。句意:亚马逊雨林是多种植物生命的家园;然而,它的土壤却出人意料地缺乏营养。上一句表示“亚马逊雨林是多种植物生命的家园”,此处表示“它的土壤缺乏营养”,上下文语义构成转折,且空后有逗号,空处应用意为“然而,但是”的副词however,连接上下文。故填however。
72.考查副词。句意:亚马逊雨林是多种植物生命的家园;然而,它的土壤却出人意料地缺乏营养。分析句子可知,空处修饰形容词poor,surprising的副词形式surprisingly符合题意,意为“惊人地,出人意料地”,表示出人意料地缺乏营养。故填surprisingly。
73.考查定语从句。句意:如果我们给科学家一份列出土壤营养成分的报告,他或她可能会认为只有沙漠植物才能在那里生存!分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词report,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
74.考查名词复数。句意:如果我们给科学家一份列出土壤营养成分的报告,他或她可能会认为只有沙漠植物才能在那里生存!结合上下文可知,此处表示沙漠植物这一大类型的植物,空处应用可数名词plant的复数形式。故填plants。
75.考查冠词。句意:一方面,雨季对土壤有影响。分析句子可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个,一份”,应用不定冠词,且impact以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。
76.考查状语从句。句意:当水退去时,它带走了土壤中的养分。结合句意可知,前半句“水退去”应理解为和后半句“它带走了土壤中的养分”同时发生,空处应用从属连词when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”,且空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填When。
77.考查固定短语。句意:另一方面,由于亚马逊的炎热气候,土壤很难积累足够的养分。根据上文的“For one thing”和空后的“another thing”可知,此处应用固定短语for another thing,意为“另一方面”,和上文呼应,引出另一个原因,空处应用for构成该短语,且空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填For。
78.考查非谓语动词。句意:另一方面,由于亚马逊的炎热气候,土壤很难积累足够的养分。根据“it is difficult for the soil”可知,此处用固定句型“It is+形容词+for sb./sth. to do sth.”,意为“对……来说,做某事怎么样”,其中It是形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语,空处应用build的不定式形式to build。故填to build。
79.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:死去的植物和动物被分解得更快。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,此处在描述客观事实,时态应用一般现在时,break down“分解”和主语Dead plants and animals之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语是复数,be动词应用are。故填are broken。
80.考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,森林里的大部分营养物质都被植物锁在自身里面,使它们以令人难以置信的速度生长。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处作句子的结果状语,结合句意可知,此处表示自然发生的结果,应用allow的现在分词形式allowing。故填allowing。
(2023·福建泉州·泉州五中校考一模)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With his wrinkled fingers, Wang Qiming put traditional makeup on the faces of young performers before dawn, making final preparations for the shehuo parade (游行庆祝).
The shehuo parade, a time-honored performance enjoying widespread 81 (popular) in rural areas across China, 82 (date) back to about 2, 000 years ago when sacrificial (祭祀的) activities were performed to pray for a good harvest. Later on, as dancing and singing became part of the parade, it developed into a folk custom 83 (stage) during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival 84 (remove) bad luck and bring a fresh start in the new year.
Wangmazui is in Longxian county, 85 (previous) known as Long Zhou, which is famous for shehuo parades 86 (feature) authentic performances and simple yet delicate facial makeup. The county was named the hometown of shehuo performances by the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association in 2013.
More than 100 shehuo festivities are held in Longxian every year, each of 87 involves dozens or hundreds of villagers. Participants usually perform on horses 88 pickup trucks, showing different performances including stilt (高跷) dances and land boats.
Wang, 65, has clear 89 (memory) of the annual performances when he was a child. “My family has been engaged in shehuo performances 90 generations, ” he said. “I started to watch the show in my childhood, and now I joined them by making face-painting. ”
【答案】
81.popularity 82.dates 83.staged 84.to remove 85.previously 86.featuring 87.which 88.or 89.memories 90.for
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了民间习俗——社火游行的历史发展。
81.考查名词。句意:社火游行是一种历史悠久的表演形式,在中国农村地区广泛流行,可以追溯到大约2000年前,那时候人们进行祭祀活动祈求丰收。形容词修饰名词,结合空前widespread,可知此处用不可数名词popularity作宾语,故填popularity。
82.考查主谓一致和时态。句意:社火游行是一种历史悠久的表演形式,在中国农村地区广泛流行,可以追溯到大约2000年前,那时候人们进行祭祀活动祈求丰收。空处在句中为谓语,表示客观事实,所以时态用一般现在时;主语“the shehuo parade”为单数名词,所以空处用单数。故填dates。
83.考查非谓语。句意:后来,随着唱歌和舞蹈成为游行的一部分,社火成为了一种在春节和元宵节去除坏运气和给新的一年带来新的开始的民间习俗被搬上了舞台。分析可知,“ (stage) during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival” 在句中为后置定语,修饰名词custom,custom与动词stage为被动关系,所以此处用过去分词,意为“被在春节和元宵节搬上舞台的习俗”,故填staged。
84.考查非谓语。句意:同上。空处及之后的内容在句中为目的,表示这种民间习俗的目的是去除坏运气和带来新的开始,所以用不定式。故填to remove。
85.考查副词。句意:王马咀村位于陇县,以前被称为“陇州”,这里以真实的表演和简单而精致的面部化妆而闻名。修饰known用副词作状语,故填previously。
86.考查非谓语。句意:同上。分析句子可知,which及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句,空处在定语从句中作后置定语,feature与shehuo parades为主谓关系,所以用现在分词。故填featuring。
87.考查定语从句。句意:每年,陇县都会举办100多场社火活动,每场活动都有数十或数百名村民参加。分析可知,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词“shehuo festivals”并在从句中作介词of的宾语,故填which。
88.考查连词。句意:参加者通常在马匹或皮卡上表演,表演不同的节目,包括高跷舞和登陆艇。空处前后的两个名词表示选择关系,指表演的场所,所以用连词or,故填or。
89.考查名词复数。句意:现年65岁的王大爷对自己小时候每年的表演记忆犹新。空处在句中作宾语,要用名词。结合句中“when he was a child”,可知孩提时代的记忆为复数含义,所以此处用复数。故填memories。
90.考查介词。句意:“我家几代人都从事社火表演,”他说。for generations“几代人、祖辈”,固定短语,故填for。
(2023·重庆·西南大学附中校考三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It has been estimated that rapidly growing modernization is leading to ignorance towards the environment. Humans have created a situation in 91 ordinary events become increasingly raised to the level of natural disasters, 92 (cause) heavy losses in terms of human life as well as property.
Over the years, scientists researching on this topic 93 (find) that the main problem is global warming. But because 94 human greed, no one is really caring about the environmental risks and everyone is busy making money.
It is known that the rapid industrial growth has led to 95 large number of air and water pollution problems. Though there are environmental laws that these 96 (industry) need to follow to treat the waste but most of the time the industry owners ignore these laws for their personal gain. Rapid construction has led to large land areas being covered with cement(水泥), meaning the flow of water becomes so strong 97 water runoff can’t get absorbed by the soil, eventually leading to greater flooding.
98 (fortunate), there are still a lot of people who really care about the environment and are 99 (will) to work on environmental issues. Many societies and groups are working day and night 100 (make) people aware of the harmful effects of the pollution and other practices that are harmful to our environment.
【答案】
91.which 92.causing 93.have found 94.of 95.a 96.industries 97.that 98.Fortunately 99.willing 100.to make
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。快速发展的现代化正在导致对环境的破坏。本文主要分析了环境问题产生的原因。
91.考查定语从句。句意:人类已经造成了一种情况,在这种情况下,普通事件越来越多地上升到自然灾害的程度,造成了人类生命和财产的重大损失。分析句子可知,空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。先行词是situation,表示抽象地点,定语从句用“in+关系代词which”引导,相当于where。故填which。
92.考查现在分词。句意:同上。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意,此处作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填causing。
93.考查动词的时态。句意:多年来,研究这一主题的科学家们发现,主要问题是全球变暖。分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语Over the years可知,此处应用现在完成时态,主语scientists 为复数。故填have found。
94.考查介词。句意:但由于人类的贪婪,没有人真正关心环境风险,每个人都忙于赚钱。because of是固定搭配,意为“由于;因为”。故填of。
95.考查冠词。句意:众所周知,工业的快速增长导致了大量的空气和水污染问题。a large number of 是固定短语,意为“大量的”,故用不定冠词a。故填a。
96.考查名词的数。句意:尽管这些行业需要遵守环境法来处理废物,但大多数时候,行业所有者为了个人利益而无视这些法律。根据空格前的these 可知,此处应填名词复数形式。故填industries。
97.考查状语从句。句意:快速的建设导致大片土地被水泥覆盖,这意味着水流变得如此强劲,以至于径流无法被土壤吸收,最终导致更大的洪水。分析句子可知, 此处为“so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句”句型,意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
98.考查副词。句意:幸运的是,仍然有很多人真正关心环境,并愿意致力于环境问题。分析句子可知,空格处应填入副词作状语。根据句意,此处指“幸运地”,应用fortunately,置于句首首字母应大写。故填Fortunately。
99.考查形容词。句意:同上。分析句子可知,空格处应填入形容词作表语。be willing to do sth.是固定短语,意为“乐意做某事”。故填willing。
100.考查动词不定式。句意:许多社会和团体夜以继日地工作,让人们意识到污染和其他对环境有害的做法的有害影响。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
真题演练
语法填空记叙文
2023年
Test 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the ___36___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___37___ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English ___38___?
Not the pandas, even though ___39___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___40___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___41___ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is ___42___ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? ___43___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ___44___ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】36. arrival 37. confident 38. with 39. the 40. visiting
41. interviews 42. why 43. Basically 44. and 45. wished
【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,根据句意此处强调双向交流,应用固定搭配:speak with sb.意“与某人交谈”。故填with。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
【41题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。
【42题详解】
考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,应该用and连接。故填and。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
Text 2
【2023年北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】11. would throw 12. exactly 13. had arrived
【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语on time应用副词exactly,故填exactly。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
2022年
Test 1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】36. falling 37. The 38. asleep 39. to see 40. accidentally
41. and 42. was fixing 43. threw 44. son's 45. how
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上,即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】
考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。
【44题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
【45题详解】
考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
Test 3
【2022年全国甲卷】A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___41___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___42___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___43___ (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___44___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___45___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___46___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao ___47___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___48___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___49___ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20, ___50___ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】41. to journey 42. who 43. held 44. A 45. protection
46. meaningful 47. has walked 48. highest 49. from 50. planning
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,所以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语,表被动。故填held。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填A。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【47题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
【48题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式,plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填planning。
Test 4
【2022年北京卷】Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】11. in 12. to harm 13 caught
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
11.【解析】
考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。故in。
12.【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
13.【解析】
考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。
Test 5
【2022年北京卷】Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案】17. themselves 18. which 19. worse 20. has increased
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。
1.考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭,所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只有一种用途。分析可知,most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句;先行词为cups, bottles, and bags,在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
3.考查比较级。句意:这是个大问题,而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前,所以此处用worse,故填worse。
4.考查现在完成时。句意:自从2019年,那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019,可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义,助动词用has。故填has increased。
2021年
Test 1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】36. seventh 37. thinking 38. to educate 39. which/that 40. and 41. harmful
42. excited 43. was 44. representative 45. the
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【36题详解】
考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构, ____4____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词,所以填and。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。 特指“1200个航班的塑料杯”,用定冠词,所以填the。
Test 2
【2021年全国甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案】41. was built 42. in 43. to walk 44. spending 45. better 46. hired
47. but 48. the 49. watchtowers 50. daily
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
【41题详解】
考查被动语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知,表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
【43题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
【44题详解】
考查动名词。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处After为介词,故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
【45题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连(介)词than可知,此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
【46题详解】
考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
【47题详解】
考查连词。句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系,故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
【48题详解】
考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
【49题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。
Test 3
【2021年浙江卷6月】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___39___ (small)than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ (plant)flowers in the front yard.
___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ (sell)most of their furniture.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven 37. for 38. marriage 39. smaller 40. was painted
41. herself 42. neither 43. to plant 44. The 45. sold
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词;主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格,意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知,此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than,提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
【40题详解】
考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
【41题详解】
考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知,此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
【43题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
【45题详解】
考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
2020年
Test 1
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】In ancient China lived an artist61. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62. (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River~perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 64. (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67. (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69. (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth, Mother Nature.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61. 考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62. 考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63. 考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64. .考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65. 考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66. 考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67. 考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68. 考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69. 考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70. 考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
Test 2
【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 2. lucky 3. if/whether
【解析】本文是记叙文,主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意:他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态,也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态,所以可以用现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词,所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意:问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。
2019年
Test 1
【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【答案】61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire
66. have made 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工,依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作,没有退休的打算,她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。
62.【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which。
63.【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged,意为“最终得以认可”,故填finally。
64.【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
65.【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”,故填to retire。
66.【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中时间状语“over the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
67.【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应,构成“不是…而是 …”之意,故填but。
68.【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
69.【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知,此处joke为泛指,故填a。
70.【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful。
Test 2
【2019年北京卷】On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】1. voiced 2. facing 3. myself
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑,妈妈的话让他受益终身。
1.考查时态。句意:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧,“我将如何交朋友?”此处的voice是动词,“表达”的意思,作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情,用过去式。故填voiced。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
3.考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
语法填空说明文
2023年语法填空
Test 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____40____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
【答案】36. tasty 37. to bite 38. or 39. recognized 40. by 41. to be lifted
42. their 43. a 44. rarely 45. wanting
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包,讲述了小笼包美味,发源地以及制作方法等等。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填or。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填by。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
Test 2
【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____45____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】41. to 42. built 43. which##that 44. wonders 45. but 46. Having visited
47. was amazed 48. recording 49. remarkable 50. means
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合,同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师,记录了这座城市的变化,并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用介词to。故填to。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
Test 3
【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended
47. Different 48. for 49. warning 50. be employed
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
【42题详解】
考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town,在非限定性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
【50题详解】
考查语态。句意:卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式,已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
Test 4
【2023年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【答案】14. seen 15. cities 16. has established
【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。红树林,生长在陆地和海洋之间,有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭,到目前为止,中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。
【14题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略,当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中,主语为the mangrove forests,和动词see是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式为when they are seen from afar,省略主语和be动词,故填seen。
【15题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:红树林有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。
【16题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has,故填has established。
Test 5
【2023年北京卷】Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
【答案】17. to 18. where 19. to address 20. facing
【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意:她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语,故用不定式。故填to address。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填facing。
2022年语法填空
Test 1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___36___ (cover)an area about three times ___37___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___39___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___40___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___41___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___42___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___45___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】36. Covering 37. the 38. were 39. to increase 40. is designed
41. and 42. populations 43. eventually 44. as 45. that
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
【38题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
【40题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系,应用and。故填and。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
Test 2
【2022年全国乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___42___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___45___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___46___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___47___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___48___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___49___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____50____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】41. by 42. the 43. addressed 44. largest 45. responsibility
46. shared 47. and 48. To strengthen 49. inviting 50. its
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
【44题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
【47题详解】
考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
【50题详解】
考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
Test 3
【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】14. supported 15 whether 16. has
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因,是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
14.【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”,所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
15.【解析】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,空格后是主+系+表的句子结构,所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知,此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
16.【解析】
考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
Test 4
【2022年浙江卷6月】To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ___36___ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ___37___ (do). John Olson, a former ___38___ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ___39___ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ___40___ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ___41___ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ___42___ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ___43___ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ___44___ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it ___45___ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
36. be appreciated 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢?主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 故填be appreciated。
37. to do【解析】考查不定式。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
38. photographer 【解析】考查名词。句意:约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师,他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语,根据句意表示“摄影师”,此处为单数概念,故填photographer。
39. the 【解析】考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看;我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”,the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
40. existing【解析】考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修饰sense。故填existing。
41. sighted【解析】考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people,表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
42. at 【解析】考查介词。句意:Luc Gandarias今年13岁,7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时,用介词at。故填at。
43. noticed 【解析】考查时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时,他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
44. independence【解析】考查名词。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填independence。
45. and【解析】考查连词。句意:能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知,前后为并列关系,所以用and来连接。故填and。
Test 5
【2022年浙江卷1月】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 36 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 37(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 38 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 39 ( change ) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 40 (rough ) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 41 ( promise ) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 42 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 43 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the
44 (invite ) . That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
45 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ”,she says, "a really positive change."
【答案】36. who/that 37.is viewed/has been viewed 38.are 39. changing 40.roughly
41.have promised 42.whether/if 43.the 44. invitation 45.to continue
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践,目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候 变化危机。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中 的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语, 应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
【37题详解】
考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件 事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认 知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
【38题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机 会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知,此处也应 使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了 尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列 的动词 questioning 和 change,故填 changing«
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者, 他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly “粗略地大约”,故填roughly。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者, 他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised o
【42题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出 现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if “是否”符合语境,故填whether或if。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意:大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。 【44题详解】
考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填 invitation o
【45题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth “计划做”,故 填 to continue o
Test 6
【2022年浙江卷6月】To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ___36___ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ___37___ (do). John Olson, a former ___38___ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ___39___ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ___40___ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ___41___ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ___42___ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ___43___ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ___44___ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it ___45___ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
36. be appreciated 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢?主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 故填be appreciated。
37. to do【解析】考查不定式。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
38. photographer 【解析】考查名词。句意:约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师,他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语,根据句意表示“摄影师”,此处为单数概念,故填photographer。
39. the 【解析】考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看;我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”,the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
40. existing【解析】考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修饰sense。故填existing。
41. sighted【解析】考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people,表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
42. at 【解析】考查介词。句意:Luc Gandarias今年13岁,7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时,用介词at。故填at。
43. noticed 【解析】考查时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时,他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
44. independence【解析】考查名词。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填independence。
45. and【解析】考查连词。句意:能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知,前后为并列关系,所以用and来连接。故填and。
2021年语法填空
Test 1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及台阶。
【56题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
【57题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
【59题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
【61题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it的谓语,故用并列连词and。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
【64题详解】
考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
Test2
【2021年全国乙卷】 Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】61. educated 62. development 63. its 64. until 65. the 66. of
67. visiting 68. financial 69. Activities 70. to have
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上,生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
【64题详解】
考查固定句型。句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
【66题详解】
考查介词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”,所以空格处应填of。故填of。
【67题详解】
考查动名词。句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
【68题详解】
考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知,空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid,finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在,目的是”。故填to have。
Test 3
【2021年北京卷】Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____13____ (connect) things,your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream.
【答案】11. ideas
12. that 13. connects
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。
【11题详解】
考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的,多种多样的”,形容词作定语,后接可数名词复数;idea想法,可数名词。故填ideas。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知,空处需用连接词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意:当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知,空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数it,所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
Test 4
【2021年北京卷】Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主),and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
【答案】14. on 15. where 16. safely
【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意:在一个寒冷的夜晚,当他骑着自行车回家时,他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。故填on。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,根据句意,此处用where“在哪里;……的地方”符合句意,从句中作地点状语,故填where。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语,故填safely。
Test 5
【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention.
【答案】17. has been 18. caused 19. resulting 20. to invest
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的,引发重大自然灾害,造成了极大的经济损失,因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知,此处使用现在完成时,a dramatic rise是单数感念,助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填caused。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:2000年至2019年,全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起,造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系,且表示一种自然的结果,应用现在分词,作结果状语。故填resulting。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果表明,急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知,此处表示未来的动作,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to invest。
Test 6
【2021年浙江卷1月】In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 36. that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 37. gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 38. (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 39. (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 40. 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 41. (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 42. (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 43.(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 44. (live) in the countryside, including 45. (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。
36.考查连词。句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知,that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故填and。
37.考查定语从句关系代词。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,tool是先行词,且在从句中做主语,故填that/which。
38.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
39.考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是表被动关系,故填is considered。
40.考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”;increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故填by。
41.考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied。
43.考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
44.考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。
45.考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。
2020年语法填空
Test 1
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61. .考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
62. 考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
63. 考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
64. 考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65. 考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
66. 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
68. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
69. 考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
70. 考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
Test 2
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68. (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
61. 考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
62. 考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
64. 考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66. 考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67. 考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
68. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
69. 考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
70. 考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
Test 3
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷(山东卷)】Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37. until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43. (walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45. people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
36. 考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
37. 考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
38. 考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
39. 考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
40. 考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
41. 考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42. 考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44. 考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
45. 考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
Test 4
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders____36____(begin)computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop____37____(education)computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a____38____(require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most____39____(profession)
The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores____41____wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ____42____discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics____43____(be)practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____44____(encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____45_____(we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结构,该结构it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意:与此同时,电脑游戏越来越受欢迎,主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。修饰名词computer programs,前用形容词形式。故填educational。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。
【39题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故填professions。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。a range of 一套;一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系,所以用连词and。故填and。
【43题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填is。
【44题详解】
考查语态。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resources section,前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
Test 5
【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart___6___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
【答案】4. are thrown 5. to break 6. into/to 7. countries
【解析】这是一篇说明文,介绍了一次性塑料袋危害,应禁止使用。
【4题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,主语they(Single-use plastic bags )和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语,It形式主语。故填to break。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意:随着时间推移,这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...(分崩离析成……),介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
【7题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。
Test 6
【2020年北京卷】A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___9___(live)alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____10____(smart)than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
【答案】8. found 9. lived/had lived/had been living 10. smarter
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
【9题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年,直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语,结合句意,此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前,结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态;又因动作发生在过去,强调过去发生的动作,也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
【10题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词,设空处后的than表示比较,应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
Test 7
【2020年浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___57___(increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the___58___(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65;by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven___59___two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large___60___(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes___61___(old)than before. This is___62___(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has___63___very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___64___(place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier___65___more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】56. was 57. to increase 58. numbers 59. by 60. compared
61. older 62. particularly 63. a 64. be placed 65. and
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题,并分析了其产生的两个原因。
【56题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填to increase。
【58题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式,故填numbers。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故填by。
【60题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比;与某事相提并论”,故填compared。
【61题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
【63题详解】
考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
【64题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意:而且,平均而言,他们更健康,更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列短语应用连词and,故填and。
2019年语法填空
Test 1
【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have report
66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文,介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
61. that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence内容,故填that。
62. poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63. of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“…的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64. to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to perform。
65. have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
66.belief 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填belief。
67. noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。
68. higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
69. the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
70. are【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。
Test 2
【2019年浙江卷6月】There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。故填will have/has。
57.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是“相同的”,常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
58. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
59. cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知,设空处所给词是修饰动词see,修饰动词要用副词,因此,用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
61. to【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。故填to。
62. improved【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
63. to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事,这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词,形容词修饰名词,位于名词前,名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词,“联系”的意思,因此,要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意:穿校服在英国是一个传统,但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词,其后常用形容词作表语,tradition是名词,“传统”的意思,因此,用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
Test 3
【2019年北京卷】Earth Day,___4___(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【答案】4. marked 5. in 6. activities
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且与其之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。故填marked。
5.考查介词。句意:第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今,这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
6.考查名词。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
Test 4
C
【2019年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that,for most students,it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源),Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
【答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. where 9. who/that 10. meaningful
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明,大学的名气对学生来说并不重要,从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活,充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
7.考查时态。句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果,所以用现在时或一般过去时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8.考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
9.考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who或that。
10.考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列,修饰后面的名词college experience,故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
Test 5
【2018年浙江卷11月】The Caffeine Catch
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine _____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. _____58_____(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup _____59_____ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee _____60_____ the late afternoon or evening will cause _____61_____(they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _____62_____(call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
It is possible _____63_____ caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that _____64_____(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely ________65________(have) children with birth defects.
【答案】56.have used/ have been using 57.is (was) 58.Recently 59.or 60.in 61.them 62.called 63.that 64.women 65.to have
【分析】本文是说明文。现在我们的许多食品中添加了咖啡因,文章介绍了大量饮用咖啡因对健康的不良影响。
56.考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用,此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因,表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行,用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。
57.考查主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时,故填is (was)。
58.考查副词。句意:最近,咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词,故填Recently。
59.考查连词。此处指每天一杯或两杯咖啡,表示“或者”用连词or,故填or。
60.考查介词。表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late afternoon or evening,介词用in,故填in。
61.考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式,故填them。
62.考查过去分词。句中problem和动词call是被动关系,指这种问题被叫做caffeinism。此处用过去分词表被动,作problem的定语,故填called。
63.考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语,真正主语是后面的从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,意思完整,用that起引导作用,故填that。
64.考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女,指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。
65.考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女,怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某事”是be likely to do sth.,用动词不定式,故填to have。
相关试卷
这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第44讲短文投稿、报道(Word版附解析),共23页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题应用文考点细目表, 命题规律及备考策略等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第31讲阅读表达(Word版附解析),共23页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题表达考点细目表, 命题规律及备考策略,快速成文,反复推敲等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第25讲特殊句式(Word版附解析),共23页。试卷主要包含了 命题规律及备考策略等内容,欢迎下载使用。