2022-2023学年上海市朱家角中学高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市朱家角中学高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了英语试卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 上海市朱家角中学2022学年第一学期期末质量检测
高二 英语试卷
考试时间：80分钟 满分：100分
Ⅰ. Grammar(每题1分，共20分)
(A)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Recently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with an apology _____1_____ there would be a slight delay before setting down. High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts _____2_____(fasten) because there might be a few bumps. Well, that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster _____3_____(pale) by comparison.
The movement was so sudden that several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags. _____4_____ you might guess, that’s not a good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.
About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very quiet. There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life … _____5_____ one. A baby was having a good time! With each bump of the aircraft, he _____6_____ let out a giggle of happiness. As I observed this, I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety. He _____7_____ thought about the past nor about the future. Those are _____8_____ we grown-ups have learned from experience. He was enjoying the ride because he _____9_____(not teach) to fear it. ______10______(understand) this, I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat, pretending I was really on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even managed to giggle once or twice, which is much to the surprise of the man sitting next to me and holding an airsickness bag.
【答案】1. that
2. fastened
3. pale 4. As
5. except 6. would
7. neither 8. what
9. hadn’t been taught
10. Having understood
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者乘坐的航班遭遇大风天气，飞机异常颠簸，所有的乘客都紧张得要命，只有一个婴儿玩得很开心，因为没人教他为此而害怕，认识到这一点，作者也像这个婴儿一样享受这个过程。
【1题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：当我们即将抵达时，飞行员向我们道歉，宣布在降落前会有一点延迟。分析句子结构和意思可知，____1_____ there would be a slight delay before setting down是宾语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们还被告知留在座位上，同时系好安全带，因为可能会有一些颠簸。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词fasten和名词seat belts之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词，作宾补。故填fastened。
【3题详解】
考查形容词。句意：好吧，那几分钟变成了大约45分钟，包括一次相比之下会让过山车相形见绌的骑行。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词作补语。故填pale。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：你可能会猜到，在狭小的空间里发生这不是一件好事，因为这只会增加情况的不适感。分析句子结构和意思可知，____4_____ you might guess是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作宾语，从句放在句首，且空处意为“正如”，应用关系代词as引导。故填As。
【5题详解】
考查介词。句意：每一位乘客都紧紧抓住了宝贵的生命…除了一个人。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词，表示“除了”的意思。故填except 。
【6题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：随着飞机的每一次颠簸，他都会发出幸福的笑声。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要情态动词would，表示过去常常做某事。故填would 。
【7题详解】
考查连词。句意：他既不思考过去，也不思考未来。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要连词neither…nor…，意为“既不…也不…”。故填neither。
【8题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：这些是我们成年人从经验中吸取的教训。分析句子结构和意思可知，_____8_____ we grown-ups have learned from experience是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的东西”，用连词代词what引导。故填what 。
【9题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：他很享受这次骑行，因为他没有被教过害怕它。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处是because引导的原因状语从句的谓语动词，从句谓语not teach发生在主句谓语动词was enjoying之前，要用过去完成时，主语he和动词teach是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填hadn’t been taught。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：理解了这一点，我深吸了一口气，坐回座位，假装自己真的坐在过山车上。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处应填非谓语动词作状语，动词understand和主语I是逻辑主动关系，并且发生在谓语动词took之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。故填Having understood。
(B)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Among various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene _____11_____ (happen) in my first year of work, when I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment _____12_____ I was deeply moved. I realized _____13_____ marathon spirit stands for — perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough.
I took part in the Nike Women’s Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon. The moment I passed over the bridge runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, _____14_____ (allow) me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly.
There were many times _____15_____ I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, feeling sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended _____16_____ (walk). A woman shouted at me: “Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You’re doing a great job.” I started to run again _____17_____ powered by those words. And finally I made it.
Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but _____18_____ (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races. I wish to create a far _____19_____ (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help ______20______ (they) achieve the results they expect — happily, conveniently and comfortably.
【答案】11. happened
12. that 13. what
14. allowing
15. when 16. to walk
17. and 18. become
19. more favorable
20. them
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者印象最深的是公司组织的一次马拉松比赛，由此也让作者明白了何谓马拉松精神，而作者也自己参加了马拉松比赛。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：最难忘的一幕发生在我工作的第一年，一位80多岁的银发老人在两位护士的陪伴下慢慢走向终点线。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in my first year of work”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the most unforgettable scene”，单数，和动词happen之间为主动关系。故填happened。
【12题详解】
考查强调句型。句意：就在那一刻，我被深深地打动了。这里强调句型：it was…that…，强调时间状语at that moment。故填that。
【13题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我意识到马拉松精神所代表的是毅力、意志力、自我证明和自我突破。这里为宾语从句的连接词，宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：过桥的那一刻，对面的跑者用一种心照不宣的默契和我击掌，让我瞬间忘却了疲劳，恢复了活力。这里为非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示主句一句话所产生的“自然而然的、可预料的结果”，用现在分词形式。故填allowing。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有很多次我都想放弃。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为times，在从句中担当时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在最后的500米，因为寒冷的风，我感到胃不舒服，我放慢了脚步，打算走。这里为非谓语动词担当intend的宾语，用动词不定式，构成短语：intend to do sth，意为“打算做某事”。故填to walk。
【17题详解】
考查连词。句意：我又开始跑起来，被这句话激励着。空前“started to run again”和空后“powered by those words”之间为并列关系，用并列连词and。故填and。
【18题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：因此，在组织比赛时，我不由得更加体谅跑步者。固定搭配：can’t help but do sth.意为“不由得做某事”。故填become。
【19题详解】
考查比较级。句意：我希望创造一个更有利的跑步环境，提供更好的服务，帮助他们达到他们期望的结果——快乐、方便、舒适。根据下文的“offer better services”可知，空处为形容词比较级。故填more favorable。
【20题详解】
考查代词。句意：我希望创造一个更有利的跑步环境，提供更好的服务，帮助他们达到他们期望的结果——快乐、方便、舒适。根据空前的help可知，空处为宾语，用代词的宾格。故填them。
Ⅱ. Vocabulary(每题1分，共 10分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accompany B. approach C. circumstances D. completely
E. impress F. limits G. mistakenly H. persuasive
I. produce J. requesters K. strategic
Whether you’re at a bank, a supermarket, or an amusement park, waiting in line is probably not your idea of fun. Under what ____21____ would you be willing to let another person cut in front of you? Is it possible that just a single word from ____22____ could dramatically increase the likelihood that you’d say, “Go ahead”?
Yes, and the word is “because.” Behavioral scientist Ellen Langer and her colleagues decided to put the ____23____ power of this word to the test. In one study, she arranged for a stranger to ____24____ those waiting to use a photocopier and ask “Excuse me? I just have five pages. May I use the machine?” In this situation, 60 percent of the people agreed to allow the stranger to go ahead of them. However, when the stranger followed the request with a reason, almost everyone agreed to the request. Then Langer repeated the experiment. This time the stranger also used the word because, but followed it with a(n) ____25____ meaningless reason. Even with this meaningless reason, 93 percent agreed to let the stranger go first.
Of course like most things, the power of because has its ____26____. In the previous study the request was small — five copies. Langer repeated the experiment, but told the person to ask to make 20 copies. This time, when the stranger did not use the word because, only 24 percent agreed, and when the meaningless reason was added, this didn’t help to ____27____ any increase in compliance at all. However, when the request was made with a good reason, 50 percent of the people asked agreed.
These findings serve as a reminder to always be sure to ____28____ your request with a reason, even when you think the reasons might be pretty clear. Too often we ____29____ assume that other people understand the reasons behind our requests. Rather than telling your children to “come to the table for dinner now” or “go to bed immediately,” a more _____30_____ way would be to provide a reason why you are asking them to take that action.
【答案】21. C 22. J
23. H 24. B
25. D 26. F
27. I 28. A
29. G 30. K
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明，如果在你提出请求的的时候附加上理由，那么你的请求获得成功的几率也会增加。
【21题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：在什么情况下你会愿意让别人插队？根据空前的“under”可知，空处和under构成固定搭配。选项C“circumstances”，意为“情况”，和under构成短语：under…circumstances，意为“在……情况下”，符合句意。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：请求者的一句话是否可能极大地增加你说“好的，用吧”的可能性？分析句子成分可知，空处为名词或代词担当宾语。根据下文“increase the likelihood that you’d say, “Go ahead”?”可知，这个宾语为提出请求的人。选项J“requesters”，名词复数，意为“请求者”，符合句意。故选J。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：行为科学家Ellen Langer和她的同事们决定测试一下这个词的说服力。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰其后名词power。选项H“persuasive”，形容词，意为“有说服力的”，符合下文内容，为了检测这个单词是否有说服力而进行的测试。故选H。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：在一项研究中，她安排一个陌生人走近那些等待使用复印机的人，问：“对不起？我只有五页纸。我可以用这台机器吗？”分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形。再根据空后的“those waiting to use a photocopier and ask “Excuse me? I just have five pages. May I use the machine?””可知，是让陌生人走近那些正在排队等待使用复印机的人，然后提出请求。选项B“approach”，动词原形，意为“走近”，符合句意。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意：这次陌生人也用了“因为”这个词，但后面又加了一个完全没有意义的理由。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词修饰形容词。选项D“completely”，意为“完全地”，可修饰其后的形容词“meaningless”，符合句意。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：当然，像大多数事情一样，“因为”的力量也有其局限性。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词。再根据下文的实验可知，当复印的数量增加到20份的时候，这个单词的作用也不是完全奏效。所以，“因为”这个单词也有局限性。选项F“limits”，名词，意为“局限性”，符合句意。故选F。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：这一次，当陌生人不使用“因为”这个词时，只有24%的人同意，而当添加无意义的原因时，这并没有帮助产生任何依从性的增加。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形。选项I“produce”，动词原形，意为“产生”，符合句意。故选I。
【28题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些发现提醒我们，即使你认为理由很清楚，也要确保在提出请求时附上理由。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形；再根据上一段“However, when the request was made with a good reason, 50 percent of the people asked agreed.”可知，当你用“因为”这个单词时，附加一个好的理由效果会更好。选项A“accompany”，动词原形，意为“附上”，符合句意。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：我们常常错误地认为其他人理解我们请求背后的原因。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词修饰动词。根据宾语从句“other people understand the reasons behind our requests”可知，我们总自以为别人知道请求背后的原因。选项G“mistakenly”，意为“错误地”，副词，符合句意。故选G。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不要告诉你的孩子“现在来吃饭”或“马上上床睡觉”，一个更有策略的方法是提供一个你要求他们采取行动的理由。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰名词。再根据句意可知，当你要求孩子做事的时候，应该加上一个理由。根据上文内容可知，加上理由后，你的请求会更容易被允许。所以，这是一种更有策略的方法。选项K“strategic”，形容词，意为“有策略的”，符合句意，故选K。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension(45分)
Section A(每题1分，共 15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
How Coronavirus Is Changing the Dating Game for the Better
If you are single and dating, you are no doubt facing special challenges during this pandemic. But as a biological anthropologist (人类学家) who has spent some 40 years studying romantic love around the world and the brain activity of this ancient and universal human passion, I have come to recognize that in some ways, coronavirus has given you a ____31____.
Foremost, coronavirus has ____32____ things down. This pandemic has forced singles to return to a more traditional ____33____: getting to know someone before falling in love. I am hopeful that the ____34____ mode of dating will give singles additional time to select a truly appropriate mate as well as enable romance to develop slowly — even flourish long term.
Let’s look at some of the ways in which coronavirus has changed the dating game, and how those changes might provide some lasting benefits.
Video Chats Are In
During the second weekend of April, dating site Match.com asked members several questions about how they have changed their courtship habits since the world shut down. An astonishing 6,004 men and women ____35____. And they are doing something new: video chatting. Before COVID-19, only six percent of these singles were using video chatting to court. Now, 69 percent are ____36____ to video chatting with a potential partner.
And there are some real advantages to seeing these potential partners on FaceTime, Zoom, or some other internet ____37____. We are walking billboards of who we are. Your haircut (or lack of haircut during these pandemic times), your preppy shirt, your revealing blouse ... All these and many more visible traits (特质) signal your ____38____, education, and interests. ____39____, specific brain regions respond almost _____40_____ to assess two things about a likely mate: their personality and their physical appeal. We do this within seconds of seeing him or her.
Time to Talk
During the coronavirus lockdowns, many of you now have more time. You are not _____41_____ in the morning, commuting to work, or meeting pals after office hours. Many of you have more time to talk. _____42_____, you have something important to talk about. During this pandemic, singles are likely to share far more _____43_____ thoughts of fear and hope - and get to know vital things about a potential partner fast. Psychologists report that this _____44_____ — the process of disclosing one’s innermost feelings, attitudes and experiences - promotes closeness, love and _____45_____. These are the foundation stones of a strong partnership.
31. A. concern B. gift C. theory D. promise
32. A. tied B. torn C. worn D. slowed
33. A. circle B. ceremony C. pattern D. method
34. A. rediscovered B. efficient C. creative D. unwanted
35. A. agreed B. declined C. replied D. engaged
36. A. linked B. open C. limited D. reduced
37. A. platform B. website C. connection D. access
38. A. experience B. taste C. partner D. background
39. A. Indeed B. Therefore C. Also D. However
40. A. completely B. instantly C. positively D. appropriately
41. A. dressing B. studying C. oversleeping D. video-chatting
42. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Moreover
43. A. meaningful B. comforting C. disturbing D. immediate
44. A. self-improvement B. self-reflection C. self-consciousness D. self-revelation
45. A. commitment B. favor C. partnership D. confidence
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了疫情如何让我们的爱情变得更美好，因为疫情改变了人们约会的方式，从而使得爱情更为长久稳固。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但作为一名生物人类学家，我花了大约40年的时间研究世界各地的浪漫爱情，以及这种古老而普遍的人类激情的大脑活动，我开始认识到，在某些方面，冠状病毒给了你一份礼物。A. concern担忧；B. gift礼物；C. theory理论；D. promise承诺。根据下文“Let’s look at some of the ways in which coronavirus has changed the dating game, and how those changes might provide some lasting benefits.”可知，文章主要讲述的是冠状病毒给爱情带来的好处。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，冠状病毒减缓了这一进程。A. tied系；B. torn撕；C. worn穿；D. slowed减慢。根据下文的“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，疫情使得人们能够有充足的时间了解对方，所以冠状病毒减缓了人们陷入爱河的进程。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场大流行迫使单身人士回归到一种更传统的方式：在坠入爱河之前先了解对方。A. circle圆圈；B. ceremony仪式；C. pattern模式；D. method方法。根据“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，这是一种更为传统的模式。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望这种重新发现的约会模式会给单身人士更多的时间来选择一个真正合适的伴侣，并使爱情慢慢发展——甚至长期繁荣。A. rediscovered重新发现的；B. efficient效率高的；C. creative有创造力的；D. unwanted不需要的。根据上文的“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，作者认为冠状病毒迫使人们有了了解对方的机会，也就是重新发现对方的各个方面的机会。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，有6004名男女回答了这个问题。A. agreed同意；B. declined下降、婉拒；C. replied回复；D. engaged从事、订婚。根据上文“During the second weekend of April, dating site Match.com asked members several questions about how they have changed their courtship habits since the world shut down.”可知，婚恋网站Match.com向会员询问了几个问题，因此是6004名男女回答了这个问题。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，69%的人愿意与潜在伴侣视频聊天。A. linked连接的；B. open打开的、开放的；C. limited有限的；D. reduced减少的。根据上文“Before COVID-19, only six percent of these singles were using video chatting to court.”可知，在COVID-19之前，只有6%的单身人士使用视频聊天来谈情说爱。而作为对比，现在有更多的人会选择与潜在伴侣视频聊天。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在FaceTime、Zoom或其他互联网平台上看到这些潜在的合作伙伴确实有一些好处。A. platform平台；B. website网站；C. connection联系；D. access进入。根据空前所举的“FaceTime, Zoom”可知，这些都是社交平台。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些以及更多明显的特征都表明了你的背景、教育和兴趣。A. experience经历；B. taste品尝；C. partner搭档；D. background背景。根据上文的“Your haircut (or lack of haircut during these pandemic times), your preppy shirt, your revealing blouse”可知，你的发型(或者在疫情期间不剪头发)，你的学院风衬衫，你的暴露衬衫都在告知对方你的背景等等信息。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，特定的大脑区域几乎会立即做出反应，以评估潜在伴侣的两件事：他们的个性和外表吸引力。A. Indeed的确，实际上；B. Therefore因此；C. Also也；D. However然而。根据下文“specific brain regions respond almost ____10____ to assess two things about a likely mate: their personality and their physical appeal.”可知，这是对上文内容的再次肯定。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，特定的大脑区域几乎会立即做出反应，以评估潜在伴侣的两件事：他们的个性和外表吸引力。A. completely完全地；B. instantly立即；C. positively积极地；D. appropriately恰当地。根据下文“We do this within seconds of seeing him or her.”可知，这是在看见潜在伴侣的几秒钟之内做出的反应，所以是立即做出反应。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不用在早上穿着打扮，不用上班，也不用下班后和朋友见面。A. dressing穿衣、打扮；B. studying学习；C. oversleeping睡过头；D. video-chatting视频聊天。根据常理推断，由于不需要外出上班，所以无需穿衣打扮。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，你们有重要的事情要谈。A. Instead反而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“Many of you have more time to talk.”以及下文“you have something important to talk about.”可知，下文是上文内容的补充。故选D。
43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这次大流行期间，单身人士可能会分享更有意义的恐惧和希望的想法，并迅速了解潜在伴侣的重要情况。A. meaningful有意义的；B. comforting令人欣慰的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. immediate立即。根据状语“During this pandemic”可知，在疫情期间，谈论恐惧和希望更具有意义。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家报告说，这种自我表露——揭示一个人内心深处的感受、态度和经历的过程——促进了亲密、爱和承诺。A. self-improvement自我提升；B. self-reflection自我反省；C. self-consciousness自我意识；D. self-revelation自我表露。根据下文“the process of disclosing one’s innermost feelings, attitudes and experiences”可知，这是一种自我表露的过程。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家报告说，这种自我表露——揭示一个人内心深处的感受、态度和经历的过程——促进了亲密、爱和承诺。 A. commitment承诺、献身；B. favor偏爱、特权；C. partnership合伙人身份；D. confidence信心。根据下文“These are the foundation stones of a strong partnership.”可知，空处是亲密关系的基石，所以应该是承诺。故选A。
Section B(每题2分，共22分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Mt. Everest is no longer an inaccessible giant. More than 4,000 people have stood on the world’s highest peak since 1953. Last year alone, more than 650 people made it to the top.
But as the crowds have grown, so too has the list of stories coming from the mountain: long lines over train, and conflict over the value of Sherpas.
For people who want a more drama-free climbing experience, the globe is filled with other peaks worth tackling.
There are literally 13 other mountains over 8,000 meters and some get virtually no attention. They are very challenging mountains that would be an equal feather in someone’s hat to climb with many routes still to be discovered, unlike Everest. Mountains taller than 8,000 meters (more than 26,000 feet) are rare and exceptionally challenging to climb, purely for the lack of oxygen at such height. Above 8,000 m, it becomes so difficult to breathers that climbers call it the “death zone.”
The Himalayas contain all 14 of the world’s 8,000 meter-plus peaks, which are among Nepal, China, India and Pakistan. Among those, Everest is not only the tallest. It’s also accessible by hiking for about a week and a half after flying into Lukla.
From there, the mountain is loaded with equipment, including a cell phone tower and Sherpas who fix ropes for Western climbers. That makes the climb far less technical than it otherwise would be.
Why Do People Keep Climbing Mt. Everest? “It’s certainly not the easiest climb because of the height” said Alan Amette, a mountaineer and Everest blogger in Fort Collins, Colo. “I hate the word ‘easy’ for any 8,000-meter mountain. A better word is achievable. Everest is achievable.”
One emerging alternative to Everest is K2, the world’s second tallest mountain — at 8,611 m (28,251 feet) to Everest’s 8,848 m (29,029 feet). But for every four or so people who have summited K2, one person has died trying, Amette said, for a total of 300 successful climbs and 81 deaths.
On Everest, by comparison, the ratio of successes to deaths is about 24 to one with more than 6,000 summits and about 250 deaths. K2 is a “loose” mountain with lots of rock fall and avalanche (雪崩) activity, Amette said. Its main route also goes up the east side, making climbers get affected by incoming storms.
46. The term “Death Zone” is used to describe an area ________.
A. that is 8,000 meters high with the shortage of oxygen
B. where there is the highest rate of death in mountain-climbing
C. where climbers are unable to breathe
D. where breathers are very likely to die due to the height
47. Which of the following is true of the Himalayas?
A. They cover as many as four countries.
B. They contain ten peaks over 8,000 meters.
C. Everest is its tallest and easiest peak to climb.
D. Everest is its peak with good technical support.
48. K2 is more challenging to climb than Mt Everest in that ________.
A. more people died in mountain-climbing
B. more natural disasters occur due to its loose quality
C. there are more snow storms happening on average
D. storms are more unpredictable at the peak
49. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Introduction to the exciting mountain climbing.
B. The awesome challenges of the tallest mountains.
C. Climbing the most challenging mountains in the world.
D. How to overcome difficulties as those brave mountaineers.
【答案】46. D 47. D 48. B 49. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍世界上最具挑战性的山峰。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Mountains taller than 8,000 meters (more than 26,000 feet) are rare and exceptionally challenging to climb, purely for the lack of oxygen at such height. Above 8,000 m, it becomes so difficult to breathers that climbers call it the “death zone.”(超过8000米（超过26000英尺）山脉非常罕见，攀登起来也非常困难，纯粹是因为在这样的高度缺氧。海拔8000米以上，呼吸变得非常困难，登山者称之为“死亡地带”。)”可知，“死亡地带”这个词是用来描述由于高度太高而导致登山者可能会因为缺氧而死亡的区域。故选D。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“From there, the mountain is loaded with equipment, including a cell phone tower and Sherpas who fix ropes for Western climbers. That makes the climb far less technical than it otherwise would be.(从那里，山上装载着设备，包括一座手机塔和为西方登山者固定绳索的夏尔巴人。这使得攀登的技术性远远低于其他情况。)”可知，珠穆朗玛峰是最高峰，而且有良好的技术设备支持。故选D。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第八段“But for every four or so people who have summited K2, one person has died trying, Amette said, for a total of 300 successful climbs and 81 deaths. (但Amette说，每四名左右登顶K2的人中，就有一人在尝试登顶时死亡，总共有300次成功登顶，81人死亡。)”和最后一段“On Everest, by comparison, the ratio of successes to deaths is about 24 to one with more than 6,000 summits and about 250 deaths. K2 is a “loose” mountain with lots of rock fall and avalanche (雪崩) activity, Amette said. Its main route also goes up the east side, making climbers get affected by incoming storms. (相比之下，在珠穆朗玛峰上，成功与死亡的比例约为24比1，有6000多次登顶，约250人死亡。阿米特说，K2是一座“松散”的山，有很多落石和雪崩活动。它的主要路线也向东延伸，使登山者受到即将到来的风暴的影响。)”可知，乔戈里峰比珠穆朗玛峰高，它的松散性导致了更多的自然灾害。故选B。
【49题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mt. Everest is no longer an inaccessible giant. More than 4,000 people have stood on the world’s highest peak since 1953. Last year alone, more than 650 people made it to the top. (珠穆朗玛峰不再是人迹罕至的巨人。自1953年以来，已有4000多人站在世界最高峰上。仅去年一年，就有650多人登顶。)”和第四段“There are literally 13 other mountains over 8,000 meters and some get virtually no attention. They are very challenging mountains that would be an equal feather in someone’s hat to climb with many routes still to be discovered, unlike Everest. (还有13座海拔超过8000米的山，有些几乎没有人注意到。它们是非常具有挑战性的山峰，攀登它们将是一个人的荣誉，还有许多路线有待发现，不像珠穆朗玛峰。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍世界上最具挑战性的山峰。故选C。
(B)
Spanish-American Institute
Student Cub Notes
Free and Low Cost Gyms, Health Clubs and Pools
NYC Department of Parks Recreation Centers
www.nycgovparks.org
Recreation Centers: The NYC Department of Parks has many Recreation Centers throughout New York City. Recreation Centers offer a wide range of free and membership programs and services. Some have indoor swimming pools. Almost all have weight rooms, basketball courts, dance studios, boxing rings, art studios, game rooms, etc. 
All Recreation Centers offer a wide range of programs such as aerobics, dance, tai chi, fencing, computer classes, and art. Many programs are free and open to the general public but many require membership. 
You do not need to be a New York City resident to use a Recreation Center. You may use your annual membership at any and all Centers. Use one near the Spanish-American Institute and then use one near your home. 
Costs: Free and membership programs. Standard annual membership is $50 for Recreation Centers and $75 for Recreation Centers with pools. (Do you know anyone 55 and older? The senior membership is only $10 a year.)
Standard annual membership provides scheduled access to the gym, pool, and all the other facilities. Instructor-led courses such as aerobics, martial arts, music, or yoga may require an additional fee. 
Membership and Program Information: Go to the www.nycgovparks.org home page. On the “Facilities” menu, click on “Recreation Centers.” On the “Recreation Centers” page, you will find information about membership and fees. You will also see links to Recreation Facilities by borough (Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island).
On the “Facilities” menu, you may also want to check out other NYC Department of Parks facilities such as beaches, ice skating rinks, nature centers, running tracks, soccer fields, etc.
Recreation Centers: There are several Parks Department Recreation Centers in each borough. After you go to the “Recreation Centers” page and click on a borough, you will find a list of the centers in that borough with their addresses, phone numbers, and web links. The list will look like that for Manhattan below. Click on the link for a particular Center to learn more about its services, schedules, and programs.
50. What special benefits can an annual member of Recreation Centers enjoy?
A. Having access to all the facilities all year.
B. Experiencing all programs and services free.
C. Taking free Instructor-led courses.
D. Using only the center near your home free.
51. If your parents and grandparents (both over sixty) want to get the memberships, how much will they pay?
A. At least $20. B. At least $120. C. At least $180. D. At least $220.
52. You will probably fail to find ________ on the www.nycgovparks.org home page.
A. the cost for various memberships B. the locations of recreations centers
C. the staff and provided services D. the facilities, phones and web links
【答案】50. A 51. B 52. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是广告类阅读。文章主要向我们介绍了一个纽约市公园娱乐中心，主要介绍了其中的器材，成为会员的条件，以及会员所能享受的优惠，作者写这篇文章是为了吸引我们到这个娱乐中心去。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Costs: Free and membership programs下第二段第一句“Standard annual membership provides scheduled access to the gym，pool，and all the other facilities（标准的年费会员可以定期使用健身房、游泳池和所有其他设施。）”可知，年费会员有权使用所有的设施（Having access to all the facilities all year）。故选A项。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Costs: Free and membership programs下第一段“Standard annual membership is 50 for Recreation Centers and 75 for Recreation Centers with pools．（Do you know anyone 55 and older？The senior membership is only 10 a year．）（标准的年费是娱乐中心50美元，带有游泳池的娱乐中心是75美元。(你认识55岁以上的人吗?老年会员每年只需10美元。）可知，父母的费用是50*2=100，祖父母超过60岁，因此费用是10*2=20，所以他们最少要付120美元（At least $120）。故选B项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Membership and Program Information下的“you will find information about membership and fees．你会找到关于会员和费用的信息。”“On the “Facilities” menu，you may also want to check out other NYC Department of Parks facilities such as beaches，ice skating rinks，nature centers，running tracks，soccer fields，etc．（在“设施”菜单上，你可能还想看看纽约市公园部门的其他设施，如海滩、溜冰场、自然中心、跑道、足球场等。）”和小标题Recreation Centers下的第二句“ After you go to the “Recreation Centers” page and click on a borough, you will find a list of the centers in that borough with their addresses, phone numbers, and web links.（在你进入“娱乐中心”页面并点击一个行政区后，你会发现该行政区的娱乐中心列表，其中有它们的地址、电话号码和网络链接。）”可知，A. the cost for various memberships（各种会员的费用） B. the locations of recreations centers （娱乐中心的位置）D. the facilities, phones and web links（设施、电话和网络链接）都可以找到，只是不能在这个网站上发现职员和提供的服务（the staff and provided services）。故选C项。
(C)
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census's measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic wellbeing, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97 % of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.
53. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?
A. It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.
B. It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.
C. It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.
D. It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.
54. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person?
A. It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.
B. It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare.
C. It covered up the differences between individual citizens.
D. It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
55. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?
A. It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.
B. It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.
C. It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic improvement.
D. It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.
56. What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?
A. It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
B. It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.
C. It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.
D. It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
【答案】53. D 54. B 55. D 56. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Jones-Klenow方法，该方法是衡量人们经济福祉的更全面的衡量标准。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.(在思考这个问题时，我们看到了Charles Jones和Peter Klenow最近发表的一篇文章，其中提出了一种有趣的衡量经济福利的新方法。虽然它不是完美的，但它比平均收入要全面得多，不仅考虑了人均消费的增长，而且考虑了工作时间、预期寿命和不平等的变化。此外，它可以用来评估不同国家和不同时期的经济表现)”可知，作者认为Jones-Klenow方法是一个更全面的衡量人民经济福祉的方法。故选D。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality.(2005年，正如作者观察到的那样:法国的人均实际消费量仅为美国的60%，这似乎表明美国人的平均经济水平要比法国人好得多。然而，这种比较忽略了其他相关因素：闲暇时间、预期寿命和经济不平等)”可知，Jones 和Klenow认为法国和美国之间就人均实际消费而言的比较，它忽略了许多关于人民福利的重要指标。故选B。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.(Jones-Klenow方法还可以评估一个经济体的长期表现。根据这一指标，到本世纪初至中期，美国的经济福利是所有大国中最高的。自2007年以来，美国的经济福利持续改善。然而，改善的步伐已明显放缓)”可知，Jones-Klenow方法的优点是它可以比较一个国家在不同时期的经济状况。故选D。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic.(在这个问题上，评论家们急切地寻找证据，他们抓住了人口普查局最近的一份报告，该报告发现2015年平均家庭收入增长了5.2%。不幸的是，这个结论过于看重一个有用但有缺陷和不完整的统计数据)”可推知，美国人民的经济福祉没有像人口普查局报告的那样有很大的改善。故选C。
Section C(每题2分，共 8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Quiet Power
Since 2011, people around the world have been celebrating World Introvert Day on January 2. The word introvert describes a personality type. ______57______ They are likely to feel drained by environments that are highly stimulating and may often need to go to a quiet place to recharge.
World Introvert Day began with a blog post from German psychologist Felicitas Heyne. She suggested that introverts are often misunderstood, and their mental health suffers because popular culture is dominated by extroverts. Her idea was to celebrate World Introvert Day to raise awareness of the social challenges that introverts face. _____58_____
There are many famous introverts in art and science, such as Albert Einstein. Charles Darwin, J.K. Rowling, and Lady Gaga. It is believed that many introverts have a great ability to focus and strong powers of imagination. After the noisy New Year celebrations are over, people can set aside one day for some quiet time by themselves or with some introverted friends. _____59_____
The opposite of an introvert is called an extrovert. Extroverts love connecting with other people, work well in groups, and are usually very confident. When introverts don’t fit into groups of extroverts, they may be seen as cold, uninterested, or timid. Popular culture tells us that it is important to network, socialize, and communicate, but all of this can make introverts feel uncomfortable.
Scientists are studying what causes someone to be an introvert or an extrovert. Recent studies show that genes are a factor, and most people seem to be born with one personality type or the other. _____60_____ Our environment and experiences also influence whether we are introverted or extroverted. The term ambivert describes someone who is right in the middle. No matter what personality type we have, we can always celebrate our differences and learn from each other.
A. It would also celebrate the contributions of introverts throughout history.
B. The brain of an introvert can respond dramatically to a very mild stimulus.
C. You never know what new ideas you might find when you slow down to enjoy some peace and quiet.
D. Introverted people are known to live with unique challenges and gift.
E. Introverted people don't require a lot of social contact, and they enjoy spending time alone.
F. Part of what makes us introverted or extroverted is how our brains respond to the world around us.
【答案】57. E 58. A 59. C 60. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了内向者的特点，并探讨了导致内向和外向的原因，建议人们尊重内向者，赞美差异，并相互学习。
【57题详解】
上文“The word introvert describes a personality type. (内向这个词描述的是一种性格类型)”提出了内向是一种性格类型，选项E“内向的人不需要太多的社交，他们喜欢独处。”承接上文，具体介绍内向者的性格特点。故选E项。
【58题详解】
上文“Her idea was to celebrate World Introvert Day to raise awareness of the social challenges that introverts face. (她的想法是庆祝世界内向者日，以提高人们对内向者所面临的社会挑战的认识)”介绍她想庆祝内向者日来提高人们对内向者的认识，选项A“它还将庆祝内向者在历史上做出的贡献。”承接上文，继续介绍她的想法，庆祝内向者的贡献，也是为了提高人们对内向者的认识。故选A项。
【59题详解】
上文“After the noisy New Year celebrations are over, people can set aside one day for some quiet time by themselves or with some introverted friends. (在喧闹的新年庆祝活动结束后，人们可以留出一天的时间，独处或与一些内向的朋友在一起)”建议人们独处或与内向朋友在一起，选项C“当你放慢脚步享受宁静时，你永远不知道你会发现什么新想法。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，因为独处或和内向朋友在一起，所以就会放慢脚步，享受宁静而产生新思想。故选C项。
【60题详解】
上文“Scientists are studying what causes someone to be an introvert or an extrovert. Recent studies show that genes are a factor, and most people seem to be born with one personality type or the other. (科学家们正在研究是什么导致一个人内向或外向。最近的研究表明，基因是一个因素，大多数人似乎天生就有一种或另一种性格类型)”提出是什么导致内向和外向性格，并介绍研究结果，选项F“我们内向或外向的部分原因是我们的大脑对周围世界的反应。”承接上文，总结研究结果，说明导致内向和外向的原因。故选F项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing(10分)
61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Panic Buying
Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad?
What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water.
But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too.
So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying.
So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”. Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. In general, trying to stop people from panic buying is counterproductive.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，恐慌性购买的发生是由于人们需要控制自己，与其他也有恐慌性购买的人建立联系，并成为“聪明的购物者”。建立大量的供应库存是一种零售疗法，可以帮助人们管理自己的情绪状态。一般来说，试图阻止人们恐慌性购买是适得其反的。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control.
②Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same.
③Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing.
④Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic.
⑤However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying.
⑥remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state.
2.缜密构思
将第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第6要点进行重写。
3.遣词造句
Panic buying occurs because people need to take control, connect with others who are also panic buying, and become “smart shoppers”.
Building a large supply inventory is a retail therapy that can help people manage their emotional state.
Generally speaking, trying to prevent people panic buying is counterproductive.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”.(运用who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. (运用that引导的定语从句)
Ⅴ. Translation(3+3+4+5，共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
62. 许多小公司受到新政策扶持，齐心协力挺过了艰难时期。(survive) （汉译英）
【答案】Supported by the new policy, many small firms have pulled together to survive the tough times.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词和短语和时态。“许多小公司”用名词短语many small firms表示，“受到新政策扶持”即“被新政策扶持”可以用过去分词作状语表示，“扶持”用动词support表示，“新政策”用名词the new policy表示，“齐心协力做某事”用短语pull together to dosth表示，描述已经完成的动作，用现在完成时，“挺过了”即“从……幸存下来”用动词survive表示，“艰难时期”用the tough times表示。故译为Supported by the new policy, many small firms have pulled together to survive the tough times.
63. 正是因为疫情的再次爆发的原因才使得他们推迟了期待已久的军训。(It) （汉译英）
【答案】It was because of the resurgence of the epidemic that they postponed their long-awaited military training.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，介词，代词，连词，短语和时态。表示“因为”应用介词短语because of；表示“再次爆发”应用名词resurgence；表示“疫情”应用名词epidemic；表示“他们”应用代词they；表示“推迟”应用动词postpone；表示“期待已久的”应用形容词long-awaited；表示“军训”应用名词短语military training；表示“正是…才…”应用强调句型的结构It is/was…that/who…；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话强调的是“因为疫情的再次爆发的原因”，是指事情，用连词that引导。这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故翻译为It was because of the resurgence of the epidemic that they postponed their long-awaited military training.
64. 我没想到他这样自律的学生这个暑假也会沉迷网络游戏，好多作业都没动。(abandon) （汉译英）
【答案】I didn’t think that such a self-disciplined student would also abandon himself to online games this summer vacation, leaving a lot of homework untouched.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和宾语从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。“我”为I，在句中作主语，“没想到”翻译为didn’t think，在句中作谓语动词，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。“他这样自律的学生”翻译为such a self-disciplined student，在从句中作主语，“沉迷”用短语abandon oneself to，在句中作谓语动词；“网络游戏”翻译为online games，在从句中作宾语。“这个暑假”翻译为this summer vacation，在从句中作时间状语。“好多作业都没动”翻译为leaving a lot of homework untouched，在句中作状语。根据句意，故翻译为I didn’t think that such a self-disciplined student would also abandon himself to online games this summer vacation, leaving a lot of homework untouched.
65. 出身音乐世家，她从小耳濡目染各种乐器和音乐会，难怪长大后成为了杰出的指挥兼作曲家。(expose) （汉译英）
【答案】Coming from a music family, she was exposed to various instruments and concerts from a young age, no wonder she grew up to become a distinguished conductor and composer.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。“出身音乐世家”翻译为come from a music family，在句中作状语，与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。“耳濡目染”用短语be exposed to；“各种乐器和音乐会”翻译为 various instruments and concerts；“从小”翻译为from a young age，“难怪”用短语no wonder；“长大”用短语grow up；“成为了杰出的指挥兼作曲家”翻译为become a distinguished conductor and composer。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Coming from a music family, she was exposed to various instruments and concerts from a young age, no wonder she grew up to become a distinguished conductor and composer.