2023-2024学年广东省东莞市名校高二上学期开学考试英语试题含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年广东省东莞市名校高二上学期开学考试英语试题含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考试时间130分钟；满分150分
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A
Becme a Wrld Ride Ambassadr
Are yu interested in empwering wmen arund the wrld thrugh muntain biking? Interested in ging n a Wrld Ride muntain biking trip? Lking t make mre cnnectins within yur lcal bike cmmunity? If s, Wrld Ride is lking fr YOU!
Fr its secnd year, Wrld Ride is lking t have 20 ambassadrs help us spread ur missin arund the wrld!
The duties f ambassadrs are as fllws:
Each ambassadr is asked t raise $600 fr Wrld Ride ver the curse f this year
Active n scial media and/ r in yur bike cmmunity and willing t recmmend us t yur friends, family and fllwers
Willing t vlunteer at / rganize Wrld Ride events in yur area
Be inclusive f all riders and wrking n creating an inclusive bike cmmunity
Ambassadrs can be anyne! We are an rganizatin whse missin is t empwer wmen, but we encurage everyne t apply!
Benefits f being a Wrld Ride ambassadr:
Discunt cdes（码）and prizes frm ur spnsrs（赞助商）
Discunts and pssibly gdies（好东西）frm Wrld Ride
Discunt n ne Wrld Ride trip per year
A netwrk f amazing ambassadrs frm arund the wrld
Ability t meet and plan trips with ther ambassadrs
Additinal ntes are belw:
We're lking fr peple wh are experienced fundraisers; in yur applicatin please include examples f what yu have dne befre fr fundraisers. Dn't have experience? Have n fear! Wrld Ride prvides training t ambassadrs n hw t fundraise!
Fr fundraising this year, we set up a fundraising rewards system——the mre yu help us, the mre yu receive!
Applicatins are nw pen. The deadline fr applying is February 18. Get in tuch if yu have questins abut ur ambassadr prgram！
1. What is ne respnsibility f a Wrld Ride ambassadr?
A. T raise mney fr Wrld Ride.
B. T lead a grup f 20 fllwers.
C. T give nline curses n bike riding and safety.
D. T rganize Wrld Ride events in freign cuntries.
2.What will ne get ut f being a Wrld Ride ambassadr?
A. Jb ffers frm big cmpanies. B. One Wrld Ride trip at a discunt a year.
C. Free biking equipment frm Wrld Ride. D. Opprtunities t enter natinal cmpetitins.
3.T be a Wrld Ride ambassadr, ne must ______.
A. be a wman rider B. apply befre February 18
C. be an experienced fundraiser D. design a fundraising rewards system
B
As far as I culd tell, there was nly ne prblem with this year's Super Bwl. The Green Bay Packers weren't green. They were blue. And even thugh I had never befre seen a prfessinal ftball game live and in living clr, I had read enugh frm my subscriptin t Sprts Illustrated t knw that the dark jerseys (运动衫) wrn by the Green Bay Packers were green, nt blue.
“Maybe it's smething special they're ding fr the Super Bwl,”my dad suggested.
“The clrs aren't right, Dad,” I said. “I'm sure f it.”
Eventually Dad agreed. “I'll get a repairman tmrrw,” he said. It was a minr annyance, but it smehw cast a pall ver ur enjyment f the pre-game festivities. This was highly anticipated Super Bwl, and we were watching it n ur super new clr TV. It was suppsed t be super.
Just a few minutes befre kickff, my big brther Bud arrived with Craig, a cllege friend. Craig lked at the TV fr a mment. “I think yur tint (色调) is ff a little,” he said. He reached behind the set and began feeling arund fr buttns. Suddenly ur clr TV was black and white. He reached behind the TV again. He must have fund the right buttn, because a mment later clr was restred — and perfected. The Green Bay Packers were in their traditinal green and gld unifrms. The field was green, the sky was blue and it was a Super Sunday, indeed.
It amazed me then — and ften has since — what a majr difference a minr adjustment can make. A well-placed nail r a tweak (拧) f a buttn frm smene wh knws what they're ding can change everything. The same principle hlds true in interpersnal matters. While there are sme hurts that cannt be easily repaired, it's amazing hw ften a simple smile, a kind wrd, r a gentle tuch can change ur way f thinking, imprve ur md, and make everything seem, yu knw, super.
4. Abut what did the authr disagree with his dad?
A. Which channel t watch.
B. Which sprts team wuld win.
C. Whether the clrs n the screen were wrng.
D. Whether the players' unifrms were fit fr the event.
5. What des the underlined phrase “cast a pall ver” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Replaced. B. Witnessed. C. Ensured. D. Damaged.
6. What des the authr think f Craig's behavir?
A. It tk t lng. B. It saved much mney.
C. It made matters even wrse. D. It breathed new life int the shw.
7. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Always put yurself in thers' shes.B. It is imprtant t learn basic life skills.
C. A small act can make a big difference. D. Learn t smile thrugh life's imperfectins.
C
This will be an imprtant year fr pineers develping electric vertical take-ff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft (垂直起降飞机), ppularly knwn as flying taxis. Several firms are hping their craft can btain the necessary certificatin in 2023 t start cmmercial prductin, getting ready fr the first passenger services.
Air taxis generally carry fewer than half a dzen passengers. They land and take ff vertically using multiple small rtrs (旋翼). With clever sftware cntrlling the rtrs, they are easier t fly and readily capable f autnmus flight. The plentiful number f rtrs als helps with safety, as the aircraft can cntinue t fly if ne r mre fail.
Sme designs use an extra rtr r tw at the back t push the aircraft alng during flight. Others, like that prduced by Jby Aviatin, have rtrs like a set f small wings prviding lift, making mre efficient use f the aircraft's battery and increasing range.
After thinking hard abut hw t certify(授予专业合格证) these flying machines, regulatrs(监管者) have been wrking with develpers n safety standards. This is a multi-stage prcess. Besides btaining “type” apprval, which shws the airwrthiness f a new type f aircraft, factries must be certified befre prductin can begin in vlume. And an airline-style licence is required if paying passengers are t be carried. Cmpanies are wrking hard t get these apprvals. Pilted peratins are expected t be apprved befre autnmus flights.
In Germany, Vlcpter will be flight-testing a family f eVTOLs. The firm is hping its smallest, the tw-seater VlCity, can be certified in time fr the 2024 Olympics in Paris, where the plan is t perate trips between airprts and the athletes' village. Other air-taxi firms als hpe t prvide services in Paris, r at the Wrld Exp, which takes place in Japan in 2025.
8. What can make eVTOL aircraft safer?
A. Fewer passengers. B. Smarter sftware. C. Mre rtrs. D. Smaller wings.
9. What can we say abut the certifying prcess f eVTOL aircraft?
A. Efficient. B. Cmplicated. C. Cnfusing. D. Creative.
10. What des Vlcpter expect f its VlCity?
A. It will defeat air taxis frm ther firms. B. It will participate in the next Wrld Exp.
C. It will cnduct pilted peratins in 2025. D. It will prvide services fr the 2024 Olympics.
11. Which wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. The future f transprtatin B. The develpment f flying craft
C. A green vehicle takes flight D. The air taxi is cming
D
“Wh's a gd reader? It's yu, isn't it?” This is a typical example f “parentese (父母语).” Recent research suggests that parents speaking parentese t their babies can give their language develpment a serius bst. In the study, researchers fund that teaching parents hw t speak prper parentese enhanced their ability t cmmunicate with their babies — and even imprved the children's lng-term language skills.
Parentese is distinct frm cnventinal baby talk, which mstly relies n silly sunds and made-up wrds. In the 1960s, scientists studying speech patterns acrss different languages nticed a unique style that adults used addressing yung children. This language was characterized by simple wrds and grammar, high pitch (音调) and a much slwer speed. The baby-directed speech was first named “mtherese” befre it was called “parentese.”
Later research shwed parentese is grammatically crrect, with real wrds and phrases, which helped babies differentiate between wrds and prcess what was being said. “We've knwn fr sme time that use f parentese is assciated with imprved language utcmes, but we didn't knw why,” says Patricia K. Kuhl, the study's senir authr. But Kuhl thinks the new research suggests why parentese helps babies learn language skills.
“We nw think parentese wrks because it's a scial attractin fr the baby brain,” she says. “Its high pitch and slwer speed are scially engaging and invite the baby t respnd.”
All 71 families in the new study had their children equipped with a special cat with an audi recrder built in. During fur separate weekends when the babies were 6, 10, 14 and 18 mnths ld, the researchers recrded all f the interactins between family members and the babies. The 48 families wh were randmly selected fr a curse in parentese learned abut ways t include mre parentese in cnversatin.
And even thugh all f the participating families used sme frm f parentese at the start f the study, the babies f parents wh received caching shwed the mst imprvements in their cnversatin skills. Beynd that, thse babies had a 100-wrd vcabulary cmpared with the cntrl grup, wh nly knew 60 wrds at 18 mnths
12. Which aspect f the study des paragraph 1 fcus n?
A. Its aim. B. Its result. C. Its prcedure. D. Its participants.
13. What did scientists find abut parentese in the 1960s?
A. It was easy t fllw. B. It was unique t mthers.
C. It was full f made-up wrds. D. It was similar t traditinal baby talk.
14. What des Kuhl say abut parentese?
A. It teaches babies mre scial skills. B. It inspires babies t speak mre.
C. It has shrt-term effects n babies. D. It helps babies differentiate wrds and phrases.
15. Which f the fllwing describes the 48 families?
A. The parents knew mre parentese skills.
B. Their babies grasped 60 wrds at 18 mnths.
C. The parents failed t use parentese thrugh the study.
D. Their babies received mre caching n a 100-wrd vcabulary.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
If making changes t yur weekend rutine culd imprve yur prductivity and md thrugh the cming week, wuld yu d it？Research says that it can. 16 Try a few f these additins t yur rutine and see hw they wrk fr yu.
●Get plenty f sleep. The imprtance f sleep t yur brain's health just can't be verstated. Ideally，yu shuldn't ever be shrt f sleep, which can affect everything frm yur md t yur cgnitive（认知的）functin. 17 Yu can d this by sleeping late, but yu dn't have t. Naps(午睡）create big brain benefits, and the weekend can be a perfect time fr napping.
●Get utside. Spending time in nature benefits yur brain and yur general health. S unless the weather is really bad, plan fr sme time utdrs. 18 A park where yu're surrunded by trees and ther plants wrks t.
● 19 When yu're wrking during the week, it may be hard t spend as much time scializing with friends and family as yu might like. S spend sme time during the weekend with peple yu care abut mst.
●D smething fun that's utside yur nrmal rutine. This change requires creativity, but it may be the mst enjyable small change yu can make. 20 That's because, when yu break ut f nrmal rutine, yur brain is awake and active.Yu'll remember that part f yur weekend better, and yu'll face the week with greater energy and creativity.
The key is t plan ahead.
Spend time with peple yu like.
C. Think back t the last time yu had a small uting.
D. Yu dn't have t travel t frests t experience the benefits.
E. It will make yur weekends mre memrable and enjyable.
F. The gd news is that yu dn't have t make huge changes.
G. But if yu' ve fallen behind n sleep during the week, use the weekend t catch up.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共四节；满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was cking dinner when my cell phne rang. My friend Anna called because her car 21 and her tw kids were hungry and tired. She asked if I culd g and 22 the kids while she was waiting fr the car service.
I asked my husband t 23 cking dinner and then started my car. As I was driving t my 24 , fg frmed and thickened. After picking up the kids, I had t 25 in thick fg.
The children were my respnsibility and I culdn't help but be 26 . I tried t put n a brave frnt as I drve in almst zer 27 . Sn the fg thickened t the pint where I culd hardly see and my anxiety began t 28 . I knew I had t pull ver, but I culdn't even see the lines n the rad. I drve as 29 as pssible, ging t the right where I thught the 30 might be. I stpped and reached fr my phne, nly t realize I had left it at hme. While I was 31 what t d, flashing lights in my rearview mirrr (后视镜) caught my attentin. It was a huge relief t see a plice car getting 32 . The plice fficer asked fr my address, 33 me t fllw him and guided us hme. Befre I fund time t 34 him, he had disappeared int the darkness.
All I culd d was be 35 in my heart.
21. A. turned arund B. sped up C. pulled ff D. brke dwn
22. A. visit B. assess C. fetch D. praise
23. A. put aside B. take ver C. pay fr D. talk abut
24. A. cmpany B. prperty C. destinatin D. residence
25. A. drive B. wander C. escape D. check
26. A. patient B. nervus C. plite D. curius
27. A. visibility B. gravity C. effrt D. waste
28. A. change B. return C. disappear D. peak
29. A. slwly B. blindly C. directly D. exactly
30. A. shelter B. tree C. shulder D. light
31. A. learning B. remembering C. wndering D. explaining
32. A. smarter B. brighter C. cleaner D. clser
33. A. frced B. instructed C. prmised D. inspired
34. A. persuade B. interview C. thank D. invite
35. A. hpeful B. welcme C. determined D. grateful
第二节 单句语法填空（共10小题, 每小题1分, 满分10分）
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词的适当形式填空。
Defining the carbn cycle n Mars is ___________ (abslute) the key t trying t understand hw life culd fit int that cycle.
37. S far the main thing many large retailers have dne in ___________ (respnd) t all this is t pen nline stres, s peple will cme t them directly.
38. ___________ (cmpare) t peple living a few generatins ag, we have greater pprtunities t have a gd time.
39. Despite the difficult situatin, Dr Bethune did _________ he culd t assist the Chinese peple.
40. A grup f ld peple sat under a big tree, ___________ (chat) ver a cup f tea.
41. Nbdy but Mary and Mike ___________ (invite) t attend yesterday's press cnference.
42. The measure wuld make New Zealand the first cuntry ___________ (have) farmers pay fr emissins frm farm animals.
43. I find ___________ challenging t fllw Prfessr Brwn’s lecture because he speaks t fast.
44. “Making cities smarter is ne way ut, and I think this will ___________ turn make cities greener,” said Dan Hill.
45. On the ther hand, scientific ___________ (thery) cannt be predicted; they must be frmulated and cnfirmed.
第三节 语篇填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词的适当形式填空。
The Baihetan hydrpwer plant, China's secnd largest hydrpwer facility n the upstream branch f the Yangtze river, was 46. ________ (frmal) cmpleted n Tuesday after the last generating unit was cnnected.
The plant is estimated t generate 62.44 billin kilwatt-hurs annually, 47. ________ culd save abut 90 millin tns f cal a year and cut annual carbn dixide emissins (排放) by abut 248 millin tns.
Baihetan is ne f six huge hydrpwer 48. ________ (statin) alng the Yangtze river, China's lngest. The Three Grges Crpratin, the prject's develper, has described the 289-meter dam (大坝) and 49. ________ (it) assciated facilities as ne f the cuntry's biggest and 50. ________ (challenging) engineering prjects.
Cnstructin began in 2017, with a ttal investment 51. ________ (estimate) at 170 billin yuan. As 52. ________ majr prject in China's west-east pwer transmissin (输送) prgram, it will deliver electricity acrss the cuntry 53. ________ cities in the east.
China ges n 54. ________ (cnstruct) hydrpwer plants in the suthwest, despite a lng and severe drught in the summer f 2022 that saw generatin vlumes drp, frcing regins 55. ________ (limit) pwer cnsumptin.
第四节 单词考查（共20小题, 每小题1分, 满分20分）
根据括号内中文或首字母提示，在下面空格处填入一个符合句子意思和语法结构的词。(请把56-63小题的首字母写到答题卡上，否则0分处理）
56. Currently, many students are a________ t vide games, which is very harmful t their grwth.
57. The news websites u________ the cntent f their webpages cnstantly t prvide readers with the latest news.
58. They have huge amunts f wrk t d every day, but they never c______ abut the wrklad.
59.This sunny weather is nt t________ f Britain, where it’s usually rainy r cludy in spring.
60. Sichuan fd, f________ the ht taste, is widely welcmed acrss the cuntry.
61.During the utbreak f Cvid-19, many cmpanies adpted f______ wrking hurs t ensure the safety.
62. Every time I saw the ld pht, it r________ me f my happy childhd memries.
63. Accrding t Dr. Smith, many d________ can be prevented thrugh regular exercise and a healthy diet.
64. There's als satisfactin which cmes frm being a ________(志愿者）, r just frm natinal pride.
65. He wrte a very ________ (正式的) letter f aplgy t Jim.
66. We shuld shulder the ________(责任）as a grup.
67. T cme t China, ne f the early cradles f ________(文明), has lng been my dream and therefre, I fell very hnred t be yur guest.
68. The gvernment claims that the law will vercme centuries f exclusin, at last giving the children f the pr ________(平等的）access t educatin.
69. Fr thers (me included), the clud is where we ________(下载）mvies and stream televisin shws.
70. It's ________(违法的）t drive a car withut a driver’s license.
71. The theme park yu are pssibly mst ________(熟悉的）with is Disneyland.
72. The dctr said it was nly a slight wund. What a _________(宽慰）！
73. He has the ________(潜力）t becme a wrld-class musician.
74. She felt ________(尴尬的) abut undressing in frnt f the dctr.
75. Yu shuld allw a little time after a meal fr the fd t ________(消化).
第三部分写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tm 对中国文化特别感兴趣，希望你能给他一些建议。请你根据以下提示写一封 email。
1. 借助电视节目、报刊、中国经典作品了解中国文化；
2. 和中国朋友多沟通。
参考词汇：经典作品 classic
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tm,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was my brther's idea. Let's get Mm a pet dg fr her birthday. It wuld make her happy. I thught it was a gd idea, as Mm had always wanted t wn a dg. By the time ur cnversatin ended, I had my task: find ur mther a dg.
After a careful search, I finally fund an ad fr dgs in a lcal newspaper. A nearby family had a dg wh had just given birth t five male puppies（小狗）！ All had had their first vaccines（疫苗），and wuld be ready t leave their mm in a few weeks.I gave them a call.
The man wh answered the phne listened patiently t my stry and set a date fr us t meet the dgs.
When the day arrived, I gt int my brther's car. We pulled up in frnt f sme huses that sat alng a narrw street. As we stepped nt the sidewalk，we were greeted by nisy barks（吠叫声）. Fur dgs had psitined themselves n the back f a sfa and were watching us thrugh a large windw. We climbed nt the prch(门廊) and rang the drbell.
A tall man with graying hair and a kind smile pened the dr. As I reached t shake his hand, I culd see the puppies behind him, running t get t us. Each puppy wre a different clr string arund his neck.
We met the man's wife, wh wre a similar friendly smile and welcmed us t her hme. We met the puppies' parents and then set abut the business f selecting a friend fr ur mther. There were fur puppies and fur visitrs; the man handed each f us a dg. Three f the puppies lked up at us with large, curius eyes. The furth ne, wh I was hlding, began t wiggle excitedly and kiss my face. "Let's take this ne! He's the ne! Lk hw lvely he is!" I said. As far as I was cncerned, it was a dne deal.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My brther wasn't sure and suggested that we take sme time t get t knw all f them.
Tw weeks later, we picked up the dg and hid him arund the crner in my mm's living rm while she pened her birthday gifts.
参考答案
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
1-3 ABB 4-7CDDC 8-11CBDD 12-15 BABA 16-20 FGDBE
第二部分 英语知识运用（共四节；满分60分）
第一节 完形填空 21-25 DCBCA26-30 BADAC31-35 CDBCD
第二节 单句语法填空（每小题1分，满分10分）
36. abslutely 37. respnse 38. Cmpared 39. what 40. chatting 41. was invited 42. t have 43. it 44. in 45. theries
第三节 篇章语法填空（每小题1.5分，满分15分）
46 frmally47. which 48. statins 49. its 50. mst challenging 51. estimated52. a
53. t 54. cnstructing55. t limit
第四节 单词考查（每小题1分，满分20分）
56 addicted 57 update 58 cmplain 59 typical 60 featuring 61 flexible 62 reminded
63 diseases 64 vlunteer 65 frmal 66 respnsibility 67 civilizatin 68 equal 69 dwnlad 70 illegal 71 familiar 72 relief 73 ptential 74 embarrassed 75 digest
第三部分 写作（40分）
第一节
Dear Tm,
I’m delighted t hear that yu are learning Chinese culture with great interest. In respnse t yur request, I’d like t share sme suggestins with yu.
Being expsed t Chinese newspapers and TV prgrams will prvide yu with easy access t authentic Chinese culture. Additinally, reading classics will deepen yur understanding f it. Last but nt least, it is a wise chice t make mre Chinese friends and cmmunicate with them as much as pssible. Yu’ll be amazed at yur remarkable prgress.
I d hpe that my advice will be helpful t yu. If yu have any prblems, please dn’t hesitate t ask me.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节
My brther wasn 't sure and suggested that we take sme time t get t knw all f them. We spent the next hur sitting n the flr playing with a grup f puppies. Finally, we settled n a different puppy fr ur mm. He was the smallest and weakest f the dgs and made up fr his smallness with a large persnality. He spent mst f the time we were there either jumping n ne f us r fllwing his patient mther arund asking fr mre t eat. We signed the paperwrk and agreed n the pick-up date.
Tw weeks later, we picked up the dg and hid him arund the crner in my mm's living rm while she pened her birthday gifts. Just when she thught she was dne, the small dg walked acrss the rm tward her. It tk a mment fr Mm t be aware f him, and then she began t cry. She knelt n the flr and pulled the dg int her arms. As she kissed him, she lked up thrugh her tears and said, “This is the best birthday gift I've ever gt”. Hearing that, my brther and I lked at each ther and smiled.