2022-2023学年重庆市缙云教育联盟高一下学期期末英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年重庆市缙云教育联盟高一下学期期末英语试卷含解析，共7页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Where t Eat in Bangkk
Bangkk is a highly desirable destinatin fr fd lvers.It has a seemingly bttmless well f dining ptins.Here are sme suggestins n where t start yur Bangkk eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining.Nahm prvides the best f Bangkk culinary （烹饪的） experiences.It's the nly Thai restaurant that ranks amng the tp 10 f the wrd's 50 best restaurants list.Head Chef David Thmpsn，wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name，pened this branch in the Metrplitan Htel in 2010.
Issays Stamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef lan Kittichai's first flagship Bangkk restaurant.The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine cmbined with mdern cking methds.
B.Lan
B.Lan has been making waves in Bangkk's culinary scene since it pened in 2009.Serving hard-t-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmsphere，the restaurant is true t Thai cuisine's rts，yet still manages t add a special twist.This place is gd fr a candlelit dinner r a wrk meeting with clleagues wh appreciate fine fd.Fr thse extremely hungry there's a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place n the lates "Asia's 50 best restaurants" list，prgressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is ne f the mst exciting venues（场所） t arrive in Bangkk in recent years.The best table in this tw-stry clnial Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen，where yu can see chef Gaggan and his staff in actin.Culinary theater at its best.
1. What d Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in cmmn？ ______
A They adpt mdern cking methds.
A. They have branches in Lndn.
B. They have tp - class chefs.
C. They are based in htels.
2. Which restaurant ffers a large set menu？ ______
A. Gaggan.B. B.Lan.
C. Issaya Siamese Club.D. Nahm.
3. What is special abut Gaggan？ ______
A. It hires staff frm India.
B. It puts n a play every day.
C. It serves hard-t-find lcal dishes.
D. It shws the cking prcess t guests.
B
In this digital age，peple measure their ppularity by the number f "likes" and fllwers they get n scial media.But as it turns ut，peple are happier when their friends are f high quality rather than huge quantity.
Scientists frm the University f Leeds in the UK studied data frm tw nline surveys f nearly 1，500 peple.Thse wh tk the survey gave details abut their age，scial interactins，and hw satisfied they were with their scial lives.The researchers fund that thse wh had a small number f clse friends generally tended t be happier than thse wh had a large number f superficial （关系浅表的） friends.
"Lneliness has less t d with the number f friends yu have，and mre t d with hw yu feel abut yur friends，" said Bruine de Bruin，ne f the researchers.
He fund that lder peple tended t have smaller scial circles than yung peple，but the peple in these circles tended t be clser t them.He als fund that yunger peple tended t have larger scial circles that were made up f "peripheral（次要的） thers"— peple wh are nt their true friends，but just the nes they knw.These peple had n influence n their happiness.
The results f the study shw that the pinin sciety has abut ld peple being sad and lnely might nt be accurate.
"The research shws that lder adults' smaller netwrks dn't decrease their scial satisfactin and happiness.In fact，lder adults tend t reprt a better sense f well-being than yunger adults，" said Bruine de Bruin.
4. Accrding t the study，peple tend t be happier when they ______ .
A. have friends f huge quantity
B. have a small circle f clse friends
C. have a lt f fllwers n scial media
D. make friends with lder peple
5. What d we knw frm paragraph 4？ ______
A. Older peple's friends seem t be f higher quality.
B. Yunger peple dn't need t make peripheral friends.
C. Older peple's happiness has nthing t d with their friends.
D. Bth lder and yunger peple find it hard t make clse friends.
6. Which wrd might Bruine de Bruin use t describe lder adults？ ______
A. Sad.B. Happy.C. Lnely.D. Cncerned.
7. What is the fcus f this article？ ______
A. Different types f friends in ne's life.
B. Changes in peple's happiness levels.
C. Interactins between lder and yunger peple.
D. The relatinship between happiness and the quality and quantity f friends.
C
As cities balln with grwth，access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find.If yu're lucky，there might be a pcket park near where yu live，but it's unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans，but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park -gers，asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissins，cding （编码） experiences int different categries.Fr example，ne participant's experience f "We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while" was assigned the categries "sitting at beach" and "listening t waves."
Acrss the 320 submissins，a pattern f categries the researchers call a "nature language" began t emerge.After the cding f all submissins，half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs.These include encuntering wildlife，walking alng the edge f water，and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them.Fr example，the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park.Back dwntwn during a wrkday，they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
"We're trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives.And fr that t happen，we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it，" said Peter Kahn，a senir authr f the study.
8. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text？ ______
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.
B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.
D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
9. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries？ ______
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.
B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.
D. T find patterns in the visitrs' summaries.
10. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5？ ______
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
11. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn？ ______
A. Language study.B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
D
A grwing bdy f research suggests that the gut micrbime （消化道菌群） culd play a majr rle in a rising chrnic disease that makes us physically weaker.The illness，which is cmmnly called chrnic fatigue syndrme （CFS），is characterized by intense fatigue，gastrintestinal （胃肠道的） issues，muscle pain，and cgnitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty cncentrating，amng ther symptms.It ften fllws a viral infectin which can lead t a "disruptin" in a balanced gut ecsystem.Actually，an increasing number f Americans have been the sufferers since the utbreak f COVID-19.
Tw recent studies published in Cell Hst &Micrbe pint t changes in the micrbime as a pssible cause f CFS.Research grups at Clumbia University and the Jacksn Labratry perfrmed detailed analyses f the micrbes in stl （粪便） samples frm patients with CFS and cmpared them t healthy cntrls.
The tw grups fund similar bacteria species were less present in CFS patients cmpared t cntrl patients.They fcused n bacteria that prduce butyrate，a fatty acid invlved in regulating metablism and the immune system. "Butyrate plays several rles in directing the bdy's respnse t infectins，while als prtecting the barrier between the intestine （肠） and the circulatry system，regulating genetic changes in cells，and mre，" says Brent Williams，lead authr n the Clumbia study.Williams and his clleagues extensively analyzed the rle f butyrate in CFS patients' guts，even identifying a crrelatin between lw levels f bacteria that prduce this acid and mre severe symptms.
Parallel findings frm the Jacksn Labratry team suggest the bacteria that prduce butyrate culd be used t diagnse CFS.Previus research has identified micrbime issues in CFS patients，but the new findings help clarify which micrbes culd be related t the illness.
Mre research n butyrate-prducing bacteria and ther species identified in the studies is necessary t investigate these ptential bimarkers f CFS，the authrs say.If the findings are replicated，specific gut bacteria culd be used t diagnse the illness，which is currently identified based n symptms alne.
The findings additinally pint tward pssible treatments，such as prbitics r micrbime-fcused diet adjustments—thugh patients wh have been sick fr lng perids may require drugs that alleviate the damage dne t their metablism r immune system.
12. What d we knw abut CFS？ ______
A. It is caused by COVID-19 nly.
B. It is an illness with systemic symptms.
C. It breaks the balance f the gut ecsystem.
D. The number f the infected is n the decrease.
13. Hw did the researcher carry ut the recent studies？ ______
A. By cntrlling data.B. By identifying genes.
C. By analyzing samples.D. By cmparing symptms.
14. Which f the fllwing is NOT the significance f the recent researches？ ______
A. Butyrate's multiple functins are prmted.
B. Targeted gut micrbes may be used t diagnse CFS.
C. Certain micrbes respnsible fr CFS are narrwed dwn.
D. Prbitics supplement with drugs can be a treatment fr CFS.
15. What is the text mainly abut？ ______
A. Gut micrbime may be the key t CFS.
B. Micrbes help digest fd and aid absrptin.
C. Man's gut is a rich，diverse trpical rainfrest.
D. New methd fr diagnsing CFS are prvided.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Peple refer t never frgetting hw t ride a bike r thrw a baseball as examples f "muscle memry"，the result f a mtr learning.（1） ______ It is a phenmenn that previusly trained muscles acquire strength after a perid f disuse.
Previus research has shwn that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves.In ne study f mice，the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in respnse t an verlad f training，thse extra nuclei aren't lst during subsequent perids f inactivity.They are retained （保留），essentially waiting t be reactivated.If yu fell ff the fitness wagn （马车） during the pandemic，dn't be frustrated.Once yu have gt additinal nuclei，yu are banking the capacity.（2） ______ In fact，a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks f retraining were needed t regain yur frmer fitness.It depends n hw fit yu were initially，hw lng the layff was，hw ld yu are and hw lng yu'd been exercising.
（ 3） ______ It means yu still have a distinct advantage when it cmes t regaining yur frmer level f fitness.And the principle applies t bth resistance training and endurance training.The best way t regain yur muscle memry is t start at a level belw what yu were accustmed t ding，and then gradually increase in terms f duratin，frequency，then intensity.（4） ______
Ultimately，muscle memry is a payff fr all the past wrk yu put int learning a sprt.（5） ______ Yu will never knw hw much muscle memry yu may have until yu start training again.
A.The best way t tap int it is t "get back n the hrse".
B.Physilgists，n the ther hand，define it in a different way.
C.This cnvinces the researchers that muscle memry may nt be lng lasting.
D.That is t say，we can d the sprts autmatically withut cnscius thught.
E.It is generally safe t increase these elements by 5 percent every week r tw.
F.It is evident that the mre yu exercise，the mre muscle memry savings yu will have.
G.All this news abut muscle memry is encuraging fr thse wh fell ff the fitness scheme.
16. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Izzi Dymalvski is a yung girl frm Melburne,Australia.At the early age f just eight,she asked her mther if she culd use sme f her skincare prducts t(21) makeup after her dance perfrmance.Her mther said that the prducts were meant fr adults(22) the chemicals they cntained.They were nt(23) fr yung girls wh were still develping.Izzi's mther(24) that she shuld use baby prducts in rder t clean makeup.Hwever,it was nt satisfying t use baby prducts fr yung kids.Izzi was a bit(25).
Izzi's mther gave a suggestin t her daughter：allw time and make a（n）(26) t create her wn skincare prducts.The prduct frmulas（配方）culd be(27) using ingredients（成分）that were safe fr kids.
Izzi immediately jumped int actin and began wrking n the lg,brand,and even packaging(28).Then Izzi created a face wash,bdy wash and face misturizer.At the age f thirteen,she(29) her wn skincare line.Later,she became a yung entrepreneur（企业家）.By ding s,Izzi changed an unhappy experience int an amazing(30).At present,her(31)sell well nline.Many teens want t(32)different jbs when pssible.Instead f(33)the same summer jb each year,try filling yur time with ther different wrk.If yu're really(34)，try yur hand at starting yur wn(35)and becming a teen entrepreneur.
21. A. cverB. imprveC. prtectD. remve
22. A. in spite fB. due tC. except frD. regardless f
23. A. suitableB. effectiveC. necessaryD. practical
24. A. requestedB. cmplainedC. regrettedD. advised
25. A. embarrassedB. delightedC. upsetD. puzzled
26. A. replyB. effrtC. agreementD. prmise
27. A. designedB. discveredC. cpiedD. refused
28. A. hnestlyB. activelyC. gratefulD. prudly
29. A. launchedB. imaginedC. recrdedD. valued
30. A. taskB. habitC. dreamD. career
31. A. prductsB. cllectinsC. bksD. pictures
32. A. bserveB. judgeC. explreD. abandn
33. A. applying frB. trubling withC. reacting tD. cheering fr
34. A. yungB. braveC. carefulD. generus
35. A. perfrmanceB. curseC. businessD. duty
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. The lcal gvernment f Zib issued tw pen letters t all citizens.The gvernment extended its gratitude fr the citizens' （1） ______ （warm） and hspitality tward visitrs cming t enjy the city's signature barbecue，（2） ______ has recently becme a hit acrss the cuntry.
Since early March，Zib lcal barbecue （3） ______ （ cause） a sensatin nline.But hw did Zib rise t fame？Frm July 2022 t February 2023，Zib rganized many trips t the city fr university students.Despite reaching peak visitatin numbers，there was n sense f panic.Instead，several supprtive （4） ______ （ plicy） were prmptly intrduced，such as establishing a "Glden Stve Award"，frming a barbecue assciatin，creating a map f Zib barbecue restaurants，（5） ______ launching 21 dedicated turist rutes that g beynd just barbecue.
Zib's sudden bm in ppularity als resulted （6） ______ the pst-pandemic turism revival China has experienced.The city aims t restre （7） ______ （ it） turism industry and ensure sustainable grwth.（8） ______ （ achieve） this gal，it has created （9） ______ welcming envirnment with cnvenient services fr yung peple，particularly university students.The city has als invited students frm distinguished universities t visit Zib fr free，（10） ______ （ signal） its eagerness t attract talented yung individuals.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。
40%的同学反对（1）浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；（ 2）可能会污染太空里的环境。
60%同学赞成：（1）能更好地应对自然灾害；（2）可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。
注意：（ 1）词数100词左右；
（2）可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：贫困pverty
Dear Editr，
Recently ur class have had a heated discussin abut whether it is wrthwhile fr mankind t explre the space.___________
Yurs， Li Hua
38. Jey was s excited he culd hardly wait t get t the stre.He walked s fast that his sister Beth had t run. "D yu have t hurry like that？" she puffed.On his way frm schl he had seen that baseball cap in Rgers' stre windw.Only a dllar，and this was the last cap!Jey had lked at the cap a lng time.He wanted it mre than anything.Every by at schl had ne.
Jey thught f his piggy bank，int which he put every cin fr running errands （差使） fr his family and neighbrs.
Jey raced hme，nt stpping fr anything.He held the fat irn pig，pened it carefully，and pured ut the cents.If nly he had ne mre dime （一角硬币）!
Lst in thught，Jey stared ut the windw. "What's wrng，Jey？" asked Mther.Jey tld abut the mney and the cap. "If yu give me what yu have，I'll add a dime，" Mther said，handing him a dllar bill. "I'll have sme errands fr yu tmrrw."
Jey jumped up. "Oh，thanks，Mm.That's great!" And away went Jey and Beth t the stre with the dllar bill in Jey's pcket.
They turned the last crner.Ahead was a grup f bys and girls，talking heatedly and lking dwn at the sidewalk.
One f the children was Rnny，a new by wh had been in this twn nly a shrt time.Rnny's father had been sick，s there wasn't much mney fr extras -- like baseball cap.
"What's the matter？" Beth asked，anxiusly.
"It's Rnny，" answered Susan. "He's been wrking and finally saved up a whle dllar，and nw it's lst!"
Jey went ver t Rnny.
"We'll all help lk.We'll find it!"
"Rnny was ging t get that last cap in Rgers' windw，" put in Billy.
"I wanted it a lt.I want t jin them." Rnny said slwly.
Suddenly Jey remembered hw Rnny had watched the fellws playing baseball，his eyes lighting up eagerly as they shuted and ran.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为 150 左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Nahm部分的Head Chef David Thmpsn，wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name（主厨David Thmpsn因其位于伦敦的同名泰国餐厅而获得米其林星级）和Issaya Slamese Club部分的Issaya Slamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkk restaurant.（Issaya Slamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师Ian Kittichai在曼谷的第一家旗舰餐厅。）可知，Nahm和Issaya Slamese Club的共同之处是：它们都有顶级的大厨。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据B.Lan部分的Fr thse extremely hungry，there is a large set menu（对于那些极度饥饿的人，有一个大的套餐）可知，B.Lan提供大型套餐。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据Gaggan部分的The best table in this tw-stry clnial Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen，where yu can see the chef Gaggan and his staff in actin（这座两层楼的泰国殖民地住宅中最好的桌子提供了一扇通向厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到厨师Gaggan和他的工作人员在行动）可知，Gaggan的特殊之处是它向客人展示烹饪的过程。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些曼谷的美食选择。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】B、A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The researchers fund that thse wh had a small number f clse friends generally tended t be happier than thse wh had a large number f superficial（关系浅表的）friends.（研究人员发现，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐。）可知，有少数亲密朋友的人通常更快乐。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段He fund that lder peple tended t have smaller scial circles than yung peple，but the peple in these circles tended t be clser t them.He als fund that yunger peple tended t have larger scial circles that were made up f "peripheral（次要的） thers"— peple wh are nt their true friends，but just the nes they knw.These peple had n influence n their happiness.（他发现，老年人的社交圈往往比年轻人小，但社交圈里的人往往与他们更亲近。他还发现，年轻人往往有更大的社交圈，这些社交圈由"外围人"组成---这些人不是他们真正的朋友，只是他们认识的人。这些人对他们的幸福没有影响。）可知，较年长的人的朋友质量更高。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Bruine de Bruin的话中的In fact，lder adults tend t reprt a better sense f well-being than yunger adults（事实上，老年人往往比年轻人更幸福。）可知，她认为较年长的人往往比年轻人的幸福感更强。A．Sad悲伤的；B．Happy快乐的；C．Lnely孤单的；D．Cncerned关心的。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段中But as it turns ut，peple are happiest when their friends are high quality - nt high quantity.（但事实证明，人们最快乐的时候是他们的朋友质量高，而不是数量多）可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于人的幸福感与其朋友数量和质量的关系的研究。研究发现，影响一个人幸福感的并非是其拥有朋友的数量，而是其朋友的质量。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在拥有的朋友质量高而不是数量多时更快乐。研究发现有着少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐，而且孤独与朋友数量关系不大，与和朋友相处的感觉关系较大。但对于老年人来说，他们的幸福感和对孤独的看法却不太受社交圈大小的影响。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
8~11.【答案】B、D、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段As cities balln with grwth，access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find.If yu're lucky，there might be a pcket park near where yu live，but it's unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.（随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难接触到大自然。如果幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。）可知第一段作者描述的现象是：在城市里很难找到野生的大自然。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Acrss the 320 submissins，a pattern f categries the researchers call a "nature language" began t emerge.After the cding f all submissins，half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs.These include encuntering wildlife，walking alng the edge f water，and fllwing an established trail.（在320份提交的材料中，研究人员称之为"自然语言"的类别模式开始出现。在对所有提交的文件进行编码后，有六个类别对访问者来说最重要。其中包括遇到野生动物，沿着水边行走，以及沿着既定的小径行走。）可知研究人员将参与者提交的材料分类是为了找到"自然语言"的类别模式，也就是发现游客总结的模式。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them.Fr example，the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park.Back dwntwn during a wrkday，they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.（命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说最满意、最有意义的活动。例如，对于周末在公园徒步旅行的年轻专业人士来说，沿着水边散步的体验可能会令人满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以通过午休时沿着喷泉散步。）可知，同样的自然体验有不同的形式。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段And fr that t happen，we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it，"said Peter Kahn，a senir authr f the study.（为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动，"该研究的资深作者彼得•卡恩说。）可知，我们在和自然互动之前应该保护自然。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，人们和大自然互动有不同的模式。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】B、C、A、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段The illness，which is cmmnly called chrnic fatigue syndrme （CFS），is characterized by intense fatigue，gastrintestinal （胃肠道的） issues，muscle pain，and cgnitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty cncentrating，amng ther symptms.（这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是强烈的疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状）可知，慢性疲劳综合症是一种有全身性症状的疾病。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Research grups at Clumbia University and the Jacksn Labratry perfrmed detailed analyses f the micrbes in stl （粪便） samples frm patients with CFS and cmpared them t healthy cntrls.（哥伦比亚大学和杰克逊实验室的研究小组对慢性疲劳综合症患者粪便样本中的微生物进行了详细分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较）可知，研究人员通过分析样本进行的研究。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Parallel findings frm the Jacksn Labratry team suggest the bacteria that prduce butyrate culd be used t diagnse CFS.（杰克逊实验室团队的类似发现表明，产生丁酸盐的细菌可以用来诊断慢性疲劳综合症）；倒数第二段If the findings are replicated，specific gut bacteria culd be used t diagnse the illness，which is currently identified based n symptms alne.（如果这些发现被复制，特定的肠道细菌可以用来诊断疾病，目前仅根据症状来识别疾病）以及最后一段The findings additinally pint tward pssible treatments，such as prbitics r micrbime-fcused diet adjustments—thugh patients wh have been sick fr lng perids may require drugs that alleviate the damage dne t their metablism r immune system.（研究结果还指出了可能的治疗方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群为重点的饮食调整——尽管长期患病的患者可能需要药物来减轻对新陈代谢或免疫系统的损害）可知，A选项"促进丁酸盐的多种功能"不是研究的意义。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段A grwing bdy f research suggests that the gut micrbime （消化道菌群） culd play a majr rle in a rising chrnic disease that makes us physically weaker.The illness，which is cmmnly called chrnic fatigue syndrme （CFS），is characterized by intense fatigue，gastrintestinal （胃肠道的） issues，muscle pain，and cgnitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty cncentrating，amng ther symptms.（越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用，这些疾病会使我们的身体变得更弱。这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是剧烈疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状）结合文章介绍了一项研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义可知，这篇文章的主要讲述肠道微生物群可能是慢性疲劳综合症的关键。A．Gut micrbime may be the key t CFS.肠道微生物群可能是CFS的关键；B．Micrbes help digest fd and aid absrptin.微生物帮助消化食物和帮助吸收；C．Man's gut is a rich，diverse trpical rainfrest.人类的内脏是丰富多样的热带雨林；D．New methd fr diagnsing CFS are prvided.提供了诊断CFS新方法。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】B、A、G、E、F
【解析】 （1）推理判断题。根据后文It is a phenmenn that previusly trained muscles acquire strength after a perid f disuse（这是一种以前训练过的肌肉在一段时间不使用后仍旧具有力量的现象），可知B项"另一方面，生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它"可以引起下文从生理学对运动作的定义，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据前文If yu fell ff the fitness wagn （马车） during the pandemic，dn't be frustrated.Once yu have gt additinal nuclei，yu are banking the capacity（如果你在疫情期间放弃了健身计划，不要沮丧。一旦你有了额外的核，你就储存了容量）；以及后文In fact，a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks f retraining were needed t regain yur frmer fitness（事实上，最近的一项研究表明，不到八周的再训练就能恢复你以前的健康），可知A项"进入这种状态的最好方法是'重新开始'"可以承接上文因为疫情放弃了健身计划的话题，引出后文重新开始很快就能恢复以前的状态的话题，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据后文It means yu still have a distinct advantage when it cmes t regaining yur frmer level f fitness（这意味着当你恢复到以前的健康水平时，你仍然有明显的优势），可知G项"所有这些关于肌肉记忆的新闻对那些放弃健身计划的人来说都是鼓舞人心的"可以与后文之间为前后照应关系，介绍即使健身中断，当重新健身，还是有明显的优势的，故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文The best way t regain yur muscle memry is t start at a level belw what yu were accustmed t ding，and then gradually increase in terms f duratin，frequency，then intensity（恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从低于你习惯的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度），可知E项"一般来说，每一两周增加5%的这些元素是安全的"可以承接前文逐渐增加的话题，介绍具体的方法，故选E。
（5）推理判断题。根据前文Ultimately，muscle memry is a payff fr all the past wrk yu put int learning a sprt（最终，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动所付出的所有努力的回报），可知F项"很明显，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆就会储存得越多"是前文的同义句，强调努力越多，回报越多，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。作者分析了运动中肌肉记忆这一生理现象，并且介绍了我们可以利用这一现象可以做的事。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】D、B、A、D、C、B、A、B、A、D、A、C、A、B、C
【解析】（1）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.cver覆盖；B.imprve改进；C.prtect保护；D.remve去除，移除。由第一段倒数第二句Izzi's mther（4）that she shuld use baby prducts in rder t clean makeup（为了卸妆她应该使用婴儿产品）可知，Lzzi是想卸妆，remve意为"去除，移除"。句意：在她八岁的时候，她问母亲是否可以在她的舞蹈表演后用一些护肤品来卸妆。故选D。
（2）B.考查介词及语境理解。A.in spite f尽管；B.due t由于；C.except fr除…以外；D.regardless f不管，不顾。根据句意，她妈妈说这些产品是给成年人用的因为它们包含的化学物质。护肤品的成分使得它们适用于成年人，due t引出可以给成年人使用的原因。故选B。
（3）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.suitable合适的；B.effective有效的；C.necessary必要的；D.practical实际的。根据上文Her mther said that the prducts were meant fr adults（2）the chemicals they cntained（她妈妈说这些产品是给成年人用的因为它们包含的化学物质）和下文 yung girls wh were still develping（还在发育的年轻女孩）可知，这种含化学物质的产品不适合正在发育的年轻女孩子。be nt suitable fr意为"不适合..."，符合句意。故选A。
（4）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.requested要求；B.cmplained抱怨；C.regretted遗憾；D.advised建议。根据下文的shuld（应该）可知，上文是在提建议。句意：她妈妈建议她使用婴幼儿护肤品。故选D。
（5）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.delighted高兴的；C.upset悲伤的；D.puzzled困惑的。根据上文Hwever,it was nt satisfying t use baby prducts fr yung kids（然而，给小孩子使用婴儿用品并不令人满意）可知，Izzi 有点伤心；从下文By ding s,Izzi changed an unhappy experience int an amazing（10）（通过这样做，Izzi把一段不高兴的经历发展成了一项令人惊讶事业）也可看出，这里填upset（悲伤的），upset与unhappy是同义词。句意：因为婴幼儿产品效果不好，所以她很伤心。故选C。
（6）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.reply回答；B.effrt努力；C.agreement同意；D.prmise承诺。句意。她妈妈建议她慢慢来，努力打造自己的护肤品。make an effrt动词词组，意为"努力"，故选B。
（7）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.designed设计；B.discvered发现；C.cpied抄写；D.refused拒绝。根据句意，新设计的产品配方成分应该对孩童无害，designed,意为"设计"，符合句意。故选A。
（8）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.hnestly诚实地；B.actively积极地；C.grateful感激的；D.prudly骄傲地。从jump int"急于做某事；开始投入"可看出她非常积极。句意：伊兹立即积极地行动起来，开始设计商标、品牌，甚至包装。故选B。
（9）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.launched推出（新产品）；B.imagined想象；C.recrded记录；D.valued估量。根据句意，十三岁时，她推出了自己的护肤品系列，launched意为"推出（新产品）"，符合句意。故选A。
（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.task任务；B.habit习惯；C.dream梦想；D.career事业。根据上文Later,she became a yung entrepreneur（后来她成为了一名年轻的企业家），可知Izzi成就了自己的事业。句意：通过这样做，Izzi把一段不高兴的经历发展成了一项令人惊讶事业。故选D。
（11）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.prducts产品；B.cllectins收藏；C.bks书；D.pictures图片。根据上文At the age f thirteen,she（9）her wn skincare line（十三岁时，她推出了自己的护肤品系列）可知，这里是prducts,意为"她的产品在网上很畅销"。故选A。
（12）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.bserve观察；B.judge判断；C.explre探索；D.abandn放弃，舍弃。根据句意，许多青少年都想在有可能的情况下尝试新工作。explre意为"探索，探寻"，符合句意。故选C。
（13）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.applying fr申请；B.trubling with麻烦；C.reacting t对...作出反应；D.cheering fr为...庆祝。根据句意，与其每年都申请做同一份暑期工 ，倒不如试着用其他不同的工作来打发时间，applying fr意为"申请"，符合句意，故选A。
（14）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.yung年轻的；B.brave勇敢的；C.careful仔细的；D.generus慷慨的。根据句意，如果你有勇气，就去自主创业，brave意为"勇敢的"，符合句意。故选B。
（15）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.perfrmance表现；B.curse课程；C.business生意，事务；D.duty职责。根据下文becming a teen entrepreneur（成为一个青少年企业家）可知，这里是"开创自己的事业"，start yur wn business。故选C。
本文是一篇励志故事。介绍Izzi Dymalvski在妈妈的建议下，推出了自己的护肤品系列，成为了一名年轻的企业家。
做完形填空时要把握上下文行文逻辑和全文中心，牢记固定搭配，根据上下文线索来做题。
36.【答案】【小题1】warmth
【小题2】which
【小题3】has caused
【小题4】plicies
【小题5】and
【小题6】frm
【小题7】its
【小题8】T achieve
【小题9】a
【小题10】signaling/signalling
【解析】（1）考查不可数名词。句意：政府对市民对游客的热情好客表示感谢，他们来这里享受城市标志性的烧烤，这一烧烤最近在全国范围内受到欢迎。分析句子可知，名词所有格citizens'后面要用不可数名词warmth作宾语。故填warmth。
（2）考查定语从句。句意：政府对市民对游客的热情好客表示感谢，他们来这里享受城市标志性的烧烤，这一烧烤最近在全国范围内受到欢迎。分析句子可知，横线处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the city's signature barbecue，指物，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
（3）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自3月初以来，淄博本地烧烤在网上引起了轰动。分析句子可知横线处作句子谓语，根据时间状语Since early March可知，本句用现在完成时。主语Zib lcal barbecue为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has caused。
（4）考查可数名词复数。句意：相反，政府迅速出台了一系列扶持政策，比如设立"金炉奖"、成立烧烤协会、制作淄博烧烤店地图、推出21条不局限于烧烤的旅游专线。根据形容词several和谓语动词were可知，横线处用名词的复数形式作主语。故填plicies。
（5）考查连词。句意：相反，政府迅速出台了一系列扶持政策，比如设立"金炉奖"、成立烧烤协会、制作淄博烧烤店地图、推出21条不局限于烧烤的旅游专线。分析句子可知，句中establishing a "Glden Stve Award"，frming a barbecue assciatin，creating a map f Zib barbecue restaurants和 launching 21 dedicated turist rutes为并列关系，所以用并列连词and连接。故填and。
（6）考查介词。句意：淄博人气的突飞猛进也得益于疫情后中国旅游业的复苏。result frm"起因于"是固定搭配。故填frm。
（7）考查代词。句意：该市的目标是恢复其旅游业，并确保可持续增长。分析句子可知，横线处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词turism industry。故填its。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：为了实现这一目标，它为年轻人，特别是大学生创造了一个温馨的环境和便利的服务。分析句子可知，横线处用动词不定式在句中作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填T achieve。
（9）考查不定冠词。句意：为了实现这一目标，它为年轻人，特别是大学生创造了一个温馨的环境和便利的服务。分析句子可知，此处表示泛指"一个温馨的环境"，所以横线处用不定冠词，名词envirnment为可数名词，其发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
（10）考查现在分词。句意：淄博还邀请著名大学的学生免费参观淄博，这表明该市渴望吸引有才华的年轻人。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词 has als invited，所以横线处的动词作非谓语。表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填signaling/signalling。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了淄博的烧烤。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear Editr，
Recently ur class have had a heated discussin abut whether it is wrthwhile fr mankind t explre the space.（点明话题）
40% f the peple are ppsed t explring the space，because it csts t much mney which culd have slved prblems such as hunger and pverty n Earth. 【高分句型一】In additin，the explratin may pllute the envirnment in space.While 60% f students supprt the explratin，which can help us nt nly better respnd t natural disasters but als cnduct scientific experiments that can nt be cnducted n Earth.【高分句型二】（支持和反对的观点和原因）
I strngly believe that space explratin is f great benefit as we will make significant prgress in human histry if we knw mre abut the space.Mrever，it culd be anther way fr us t imprve ur quality f life and slve the glbal prblems abve.（自己的观点）
Yurs， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一
40% f the peple are ppsed t explring the space，because it csts t much mney which culd have slved prblems such as hunger and pverty n Earth.
翻译：40%的人反对探索太空，因为它花费了太多的钱，而这些钱本可以用来解决地球上的饥饿和贫困等问题。
分析：在because引导的原因状语从句里，有which引导的非限制性定语从句culd have slved prblems such as hunger and pverty n Earth。
高分句型二
While 60% f students supprt the explratin，which can help us nt nly better respnd t natural disasters but als cnduct scientific experiments that can nt be cnducted n Earth.
翻译：而60%的学生支持这种探索，这种探索能帮助我们不仅可以更好地应对自然灾害，还可以进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。
分析：句子里，While表示和前文的对比；关系词which引导非限制性定语从句can help us nt nly better respnd t natural disasters but als cnduct scientific experiments that can nt be cnducted n Earth。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Jey stared at the grund，thinking hard.That cap wuld make Rnny feel he really belnged t the fellw grup.But he himself had lnged fr it s much.He bit his lwer lips，with his hand tightly clutching the dllar.【高分句型一】Rnny's wrds cnstantly flashed thrugh his mind.It hit him that he shuld d smething nice fr Rnny.He bent dwn and gave a shut， "Lk!Lk here!" They all crwded arund.There almst hidden in the leaves was the unmistakable green f a dllar bill!Overwhelmingly thrilled and jyful，Rnny picked up the bill. "Cme n!" smene cried ut，and they then made a dash fr the stre. "Why nt cme tgether and get smething else with yur dllar？" Beth asked Jey.（乔伊决定帮助罗尼买取棒球帽的经过
Frcing a smile，Jey shwed Beth the empty pcket.Eyes wide pen，Beth uttered in surprise， "Jey，yu didn't really find Rnny's dllar.It was yurs." Jey ndded his head，a brad smile flickering acrss his face.【高分句型二】He explained calmly that the baseball cap mattered a lt mre t Rnny.With the cap，he thught，Rnny wuld feel it easier t get alng with thers.After knwing what her brther had dne，Beth felt a flush f pride flding ver her.And nt far away frm them，Rnny was amng the grup f bys，wearing his new cap.The lk n his face made Jey feel gd.The ne dllar had traded what he thught was mre than a cap.（贝丝知道了哥哥的所作所为后，一阵自豪感涌上心头以及乔伊的感受）
【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了主人公乔伊用自己的一美元帮助罗尼买棒球帽的故事。
高分句型一：He bit his lwer lips，with his hand tightly clutching the dllar.
译文：他咬着下唇，手紧紧地抓着美元。
分析：这句话使用了with复合结构。
高分句型二：Jey ndded his head，a brad smile flickering acrss his face.
译文：乔伊点了点头，脸上闪烁着灿烂的笑容。
分析：这句话使用了独立主格结构a brad smile flickering acrss his face。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。Jey stared at the grund，thinking hard.
Frcing a smile，Jey shwed Beth the empty pcket.