2022-2023学年上海市格致中学高一下学期期中英语试卷含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市格致中学高一下学期期中英语试卷含答案，共7页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 格致中学二O二二学年度第二学期期中考试
高一年级英语试卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (1*16=16%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Spend more time working on chemistry problems.
B. Talk to his advisor about dropping the course.
C. Work on the assignment with a classmate.
D. Ask graduate assistants for help.
2. A. Go home to get the washing.
B. Send dirty clothes to the laundry.
C. Pick up the washing.
D. Remind the woman to hurry up
3. A. The woman could use his calculator.
B. He’ll finish the adding up for the woman.
C. The woman’s calculator is better than his.
D. He’s faster at adding numbers up than the woman.
4. A. The final will begin next week.
B. The man should talk with his doctor again.
C. She hopes the man will be able to play in the final.
D. She wants the man to watch the soccer game with her.
5. A. The advisor will approve of the man’s class schedule.
B. The advisor is not easy to make an appointment with.
C. The man should work harder next semester.
D. The man should go to see his advisor.
6. A. An educational policy. B. An economic issue. C. A heated debate. D. A famous economist.
7. A. The former is more valued than the latter. B. Views on them vary from person to person.
C. The former is less valued than the latter. D. Neither of them should be valued so much.
8 A. Disappointed. B. Puzzled. C. Astonished. D. Relieved.
9. A. Why the woman took up this job. B. Why there are ice-cream tasting schools.
C. How the man went into the ice-cream business. D. How it feels to work as an ice-cream taster.
10. A. They can go to the theatre on foot. B. The theatre is on the other side of the town.
C. This town is big enough to walk around. D. Everything in the town is worth visiting.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. A doctor. B. A model. C. A TV host. D. A magazine editor.
12. A. Kirsty is going to develop an eating disorder. B. Teen programs talk a lot about appearance.
C. Being thin is a common trend. D. Magazines are informative.
13 A. How to develop a healthy diet. B. Whether the media are a bad influence.
C. How to follow famous people’s lifestyles. D. Whether your appearance should matter or not.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Peary wasn’t an experienced explorer B. He had reached the pole before Peary did
C. Peary had announced his success too late. D. Peary’s exploration wasn’t thoroughly investigated.
15. A. They interviewed Peary himself. B. They examined the tools that Peary used.
C. They talked to one of Peary’s companions. D. They conducted a computer analysis of his photographs.
16. A. Exploration of space. B. Doctor Cook’s exploration.
C. Exploration of the South Pole. D. The Navigation Foundation’s conclusions.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (24%)
Section A (0.5*8=4%)
Directions: Choose the answer that most fits the sentence grammatically.
1. I won’t have you ______ to your mother like that.
A. to talk B. to talking C. talked D. talking
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不允许你跟你妈妈那样说话。本句中宾语you和talk是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故选D。

2. These candles may be attractive ______, but they were not made to our current safety standard.
A. to be looked at B. being looked at C. to look at D. to looked at them
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些蜡烛看起来可能很吸引人，但它们并没有达到我们目前的安全标准。作表语或补语的形容词后往往接动词不定式作状语，并且用主动形式表示被动的含义；本句中作表语的形容词attractive后需要使用动词不定式的主动形式to look at，look at的宾语是these candles，为了避免重复，可以省略。故选C。

3. Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Alice ______ such a thing!
A. doing B. to do C. will do D. does
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：谁能想到像爱丽丝这样一个温柔的女孩会做这样的事！imagine后接动名词，作宾语，其前的such a sweet-tempered girl as Alice作逻辑主语。为动名词复合结构。故选A。

4. William Shakespeare is generally believed______ all those plays himself.
A. to write B. writing C. to have written D. having written
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们普遍认为这些戏剧都是威廉·莎士比亚自己写的。不定式作补足语的结构有以下几种：sb./sth. be said/reported/believed to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done。根据句意及常识可知，莎士比亚写戏剧的动作发生在过去，且已完成，应用to have done。故选C。

5. With modem traffic control facilities, speeders can’t expect to escape ______ detected and fined.
A. to be B. being C. to have been D. having been
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有了现代交通管制设施，超速者就不能指望逃脱被发现和罚款了。短语escape doing sth.表示“逃避做某事”，且此处与speeders 构成被动关系，应用being done形式。故选B。
6. ______ in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.
A. To lose B. Losing C. Having lost D. Lost
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在雾中迷路了，被迫在树林里呆了两个小时。句子谓语动词是were forced to spend，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，be lost in意为“陷入”，去掉be动词，用过去分词作状语。故选D。
7. With the meeting ______ in just a couple of hours, I hadn’t the time to worry about those unimportant things.
A. begun B. beginning C. would begin D. to begin
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式做宾补。句意：会议几小时后就开始了，我没有时间担心这些不重要的事情。A. begun已开始；B. beginning正在开始；C. would begin开始；D. to begin即将开始。根据时间状语“in just a couple of hours”可知是即将发生，不定式作宾语补足语表示将来，为主动，故使用不定式形式。故选D项。
8. The increasing use of foreign words could lead to ______ the good qualities of traditional Chinese.
A. people forgetting B. people forgot C. forgetting people D. people forget
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多地使用外来词可能会导致人们忘记了传统汉语的优良品质。固定搭配lead to“导致”，to是介词，设空处介词to的宾语，应用动名词形式，排除B和D；若动名词的执行者与句子的主语不一致时，需要在动名词前加上它的逻辑主语构成动名词的复合结构，即"形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+doing”；如果动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时，可用宾格代替形容词性物主代词，用普通格（去掉’s）代替所有格；本题中用普通格people代替people’s。故选A。

Section B (1*10=10%)
Directions: After reading the following passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Hua Luogeng: Genius Comes from Accumulation, Intelligence Comes from Diligence
___9___ only having a high school qualification, the former Professor and Mathematician Hua Luogeng published more than 200 papers, monographs and dozens of popular works in the field of mathematical research. People often say that he is a mathematical genius but Hua believes that “Genius comes from accumulation, and intelligence comes from diligence.”
After graduating from junior high school, Hua, who came from a poor family began a life of part-time work and study. He spent 5 years___10___(complete)all high school and university coursework in mathematics. In 1931, his publication caught the attention and gained much praise from Tsinghua Professor Xiong Qinglai. He was subsequently, transferred to the Department of Mathematics to work as an assistant. Surrounded by talents, Hua made a promise to himself: “I___11___(make) extraordinary efforts to achieve my own goals!” “They have received___12___(great) education than me so I must double my efforts in order to make up for the losses. So it people only work for 8 hours every day, I need to work 12 hours every day!”
___13___was Hua hardworking in his research and development, he also held great love for his country. After the founding of New China, Hua gave up his work overseas to teach at Tsinghua. In Hong Kong, he wrote “An open letter to all the Chinese students who studied abroad in America” from which he advocated the need to return home. “We___14___ return for our ideals and return home for our country and people.”
Hua Luogeng has made outstanding contributions to the training of new Chinese mathematicians. He was very strict with young researchers. Every day at dawn, Hua Luogeng would go to the researchers’ dormitory and knock on their doors to start his discussion on the questions and findings___15___(raise) during the lectures. It is under such strictness___16___many of his students grew and created a new talent pool of Chinese mathematicians, some of___17___ are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more.
In 1985, Hua Luogeng went to give lectures in Japan and he fainted on the teaching podium due to exhaustion. He worked until the last minute of his life.___18___said in a poem for him “A general dies on the battlefield and a scholar dies in his study room. You have dedicated your entire life to academics and research and you have given your life to science.”
【答案】9. Despite
10. completing
11. will make
12. greater
13. Not only
14. must 15. raised
16. that 17. whom 18. As
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要了数学家华罗庚，他认为“天才出于积累，聪明在于勤奋”。
【9题详解】
考查介词。句意：华罗庚，前教授，数学家，虽然只有初中学历，但在数学研究领域发表了200多篇论文，专著和数十部流行著作。结合句意可知，此处表示让步关系，应用介词despite“尽管”，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
【10题详解】
考查动名词。句意：他花了5年时间完成了高中和大学的所有数学课程。spend some time doing sth花费时间做某事，故此处用动名词形式，故填completing。
【11题详解】
考查一般将来时。句意：在人才济济的环境中，华对自己承诺：“我要为实现自己的目标付出非凡的努力！”根据“Hua made a promise to himself”可知，此处指指华罗庚立下愿望，应用一般将来时，故填will make。
【12题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：他们受的教育比我高，所以我必须加倍努力以弥补损失。根据“than me”可知此处应用形容词比较级，故填greater。
【13题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：华不仅在他的研究和发展中努力，他也对他的国家怀有极大的爱。结合句意及“also”可知，此处指“不仅……而且……”，空处应用not only，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Not only。
【14题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：为了我们的理想，我们必须回去，为了国家和人民，我们必须回去。结合句意及上一句中“the need to return home(回国的必要)”可知，此处指“我们必须回国”，用情态动词must。故填must。
【15题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：每天天一亮，华罗庚就会去研究人员的宿舍，敲开他们的门，开始讨论讲座中提出的问题和发现。动词raise和the questions and findings之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填raised。
【16题详解】
考查强调句型。句意：正是在这样的严格要求下，他的学生成长起来，形成了中国数学家的新人才库，其中有万哲先、陆启铿、王元、陈景润等。分析句子可知，此处是强调句型“It is+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他”，本句中被强调部分是介词短语under such strictness，故强调句型中用that。故填that。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是mathematicians，指人，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：正如一首挽诗中所说：“将军死在战场，学者死在书房，可敬的你，耗尽心血一腔，光荣地死在科学的讲坛上。”结合句意可知，此处指“正如一首挽诗中所说”，用连词as引导状语从句，此处是状语从句的省略结构，首字母应大写。故填As。
Section C (1*10=10%)
Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.definitely；B.suffering；C.acceptance；D.discouraged；E. supposedly
F.terms；G.optimism；H.sustained；I. punishing；J.favored；K.obstacle

Happiness is not natural.It is a here human construct. A state of contentment(let alone happiness) is _____19_____ by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.
Chasing happiness is like chasing an elusive ghost, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets.Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, a colorful American pastor, _____20_____by several Republican presidents, including Richard Nixon and Donald Trump. He invented “positive thinking'", a concept now deeply embedded in our culture and steadily growing in influence.The global personal development industry was valued at S38.28 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a rate of 5.1%.
Popular films and books are full of ____21____ inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in yourself and then you'll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don't think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are inevitable, or unsurmountable. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on the _____22_____ that being alive is a very challenging task,which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of well-being and minimize our suffering, but the end result cannot be a state of ____23____ happiness.We are not designed that way.
The self-help genre is not a homegeneous beast, however. It is,in fact, ironie how self-help books on happiness and those on how to make it big in life are lumped together in the same bookshop shelves, given that many of the former tell us that caring too much about the latter is the main ____24____ to happiness.
The inevitable clash between mandatory ____25____ and the realities of our existence comes with a heavy psychological price. It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their _____26_____ ,as it is based on the misconception that unhappiness is entirely avoidable.It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent.Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable odds, which is much more _____27_____ psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat.
I believe that coming to _____28_____with life as it is,and not the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has the best tunes.
【答案】19. D 20. J
21. E 22. C
23. H 24. K
25. G 26. B
27. I 28. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。幸福是不自然的。这是一个人类的构想。追求幸福就像追逐一个难以捉摸的鬼魂，但积极思维行业声称知道它的秘密。流行的电影和书籍都充满了励志的话语，告诉你所需要做的就是相信自己，然后你就能在生活中实现任何事情。这显然是不正确的。接受生活本来的样子，而不是幸福产业告诉我们的那样，会让我们更快乐，我们会更平和地对待自己和世界。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们的基因设计不鼓励满足状态（更不用说幸福了），因为它会降低我们对生存可能威胁的警惕。空处作谓语，根据后文because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival以及句意表示“不鼓励，使气馁”应用动词discourage，此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填discouraged。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：“自助”是由一位多姿多彩的美国牧师Norman Vincent Peale推广的，他受到包括Richard Nixon和Donald Trump在内的几位共和党总统的青睐。结合句意表示“青睐”应用动词favor，此处为过去分词作状语。故填favored。故选J。
【21题详解】
考查副词。句意：流行的电影和书籍中充满了所谓的鼓舞人心的语句，说你需要做的就是相信自己，然后你就能在生活中取得任何成就。修饰后文形容词inspirational且表示“所谓的”应用副词supposedly，故填supposedly。故选E。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们的祖先知道这一点，许多哲学和宗教传统都是基于这样一种认识：活着是一项非常具有挑战性的任务，伴随着大量的痛苦。空处作宾语，根据后文that being alive is a very challenging task, which comes with significant amounts of suffering以及句意表示“认识”应用名词acceptance。故填acceptance。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不用说，我们应该尽我们所能，最大限度地提高我们的幸福感，减少我们的痛苦，但最终结果不可能是一种持续的幸福状态。修饰后文名词happiness，表示“持续的”应用形容词sustained。故填sustained。故选H。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：事实上，具有讽刺意味的是，关于幸福的自助书籍和那些关于如何在生活中取得成功的书籍被放在同一家书店的书架上，因为前者告诉我们，过多地关注后者是幸福的主要障碍。空处作表语，表示“障碍”应用名词obstacle，此处为特指应用单数。故填obstacle。故选K。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：强制性乐观主义与现实生活之间不可避免的冲突带来了沉重的心理代价。空处作宾语，表示“乐观主义”应用名词optimism，为不可数名词。故填optimism。故选G。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：可以说，积极心理学将痛苦归咎于那些正在遭受痛苦的人，因为它是基于一种误解，即不快乐是完全可以避免的。空处作宾语，表示“痛苦”应用名词suffering，为不可数名词。故填suffering。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：积极心理学鼓励那些为一个特定目标而奋斗的人在面对不利的可能性时坚持下去，从长远来看，这比接受失败在心理上更具有惩罚性。空处作表语，表示“惩罚性”应用形容词punishing。故填punishing。故选I。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：我相信，接受生活本来的样子，而不是幸福产业告诉我们的那样，会让我们更快乐，我们会更平和地对待自己和世界。结合句意表示“接受，妥协”短语为come to terms with。故填terms。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension(41%)
$ection A(1*15=15%)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in ___29___ the simplest kind of memory a mollusk (软体动物) might form, and, with a swift injection, managed to ___30___ one sea snail’s memory to another.
The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the ___31___between brain cells, but in RNA molecules (分子), according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA. To ___32___ the idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The procedure made the animals so ___33___ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes a(n) ___34___ response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and ___35___ it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are ___36___ sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his research team, the experiment shows that ___37___ parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.
However, the work has not yet found widespread ____38____. “Further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the ____39____ of such phenomena,” said Prof Vann at Cardiff University. “While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very ____40____ in drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex.”
Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is ____41____. “This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve transplanted a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”
____42____, Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: “In a field full of acceptance but lacking ____43____, we need as many new ideas as possible.”
29. A. deleting B. disturbing C. refreshing D. understanding
30 A. transfer B. adjust C. compare D. relate
31. A. connections B. conflicts C. secrets D. distances
32. A. promote B. test C. eliminate D. impose
33. A. sensitive B. adaptable C. strong D. relaxed
34. A. necessary B. peaceful C. unconscious D. impossible
35. A. plunged B. invested C. translated D. injected
36. A. crazily B. dangerously C. scarcely D. equally
37. A. optional B. essential C. memorial D. virtual
38. A. association B. recognition C. innovation D. publication
39. A. depth B. application C. basis D. description
40. A. imaginative B. careful C. ambitious D. speedy
41. A. supported B. persuaded C. unappreciated D. unconvinced
42. A. Nevertheless B. Eventually C. For example D. As a result
43. A. expression B. likelihood C. suspicion D. disturbance
【答案】29. D 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. deleting删除；B. disturbing打扰；C. refreshing使恢复精神；D. understanding理解。由上文的“Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare”可知，句子表示“一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展”，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A. transfer转移；B. adjust调整；C. compare比较；D. relate使有联系。由“one sea snail’s memory to another”可知，是将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据加州大学洛杉矶分校的生物学家大卫·格兰兹曼的说法，在蜗牛中启动防御反应的那种记忆不是编码在脑细胞之间的连接中，而是编码在RNA分子中。A. connections连接；B. conflicts矛盾；C. secrets秘密；D. distances距离。由“between brain cells”和第9空后的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，此处是指脑细胞之间的连接，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击。A. promote促进；B. test测试；C. eliminate消除；D. impose实施。由后文的“Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks”可知，为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程使这些动物非常敏感，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体某些部位。A. sensitive敏感的；B. adaptable能适应的；C. strong强大的；D. relaxed放松的。由后文的“when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位，说明它们很敏感，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼将这种反应比作地震后的紧张：对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应。A. necessary需要的；B. peaceful和平的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. impossible不可能的。由上文的“the memory of the event causes”和下文的“response to any loud noise”可知，对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对海螺进行敏感处理后，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，看看会发生什么。A. plunged猛推；B. invested投资；C. translated翻译；D. injected注射。由上文的“Glanzman took RNA out from them”和下文的“it into new sea snails to see what would happen”可知，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，故选D。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他发现新的海螺同样敏感，这表明电击的“记忆”被移植了。A. crazily疯狂地；B. dangerously危险地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. equally平等地。由下文的“the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted”和上文的“The procedure made the animals so__5__ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely”可知，他发现新的海螺同样敏感，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼和他的研究团队表示，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中。A. optional可选择的；B. essential必要的；C. memorial纪念的；D. virtual虚拟的。由后文的“parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells”可知，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可。A. association协会；B. recognition认可；C. innovation创新；D. publication出版。由后文的“Further work needs to be carried out”可知，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可，故选B。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行进一步的研究，以确定这些现象是否明显，以及这些现象的基础是什么。A. depth深度；B. application应用；C. basis基础；D. description描述。由后文的“of such phenomena”可知，此处表示“这些现象的基础是什么”，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然海蜗牛是一个神奇的模型，但我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，因为人类的记忆过程要复杂得多。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B. careful仔细的；C. ambitious雄心勃勃的；D. speedy快速的。由后文的“drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex”可知，我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，故选B。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：都柏林三一学院的托马斯·瑞恩对此表示怀疑。A. supported被支持的；B. persuaded被说服的；C. unappreciated未被欣赏的；D. unconvinced怀疑的。由下文的“I have doubt about it”可知，此处表示他对此是怀疑的，故选D。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，瑞安补充说，这种关于记忆的创造性思维是非常需要的。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Eventually最后；C. For example例如；D. As a result结果。由下文的“Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need”和上文的“I have doubt about it”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处是“然而”，故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域，我们需要尽可能多的新想法。A. expression表情；B. likelihood可能性；C. suspicion怀疑；D. disturbance干扰。由上文的“a field full of acceptance”可知，此处表示“一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域”，故选C。
Section B(2*11=22%)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I was putting on my boots just now in what the novelists call “a brown study.” There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject. It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.
But what has this to do with putting on my boots? It is a reasonable question and I will tell you. For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care. But the more I sharpened my pencils, the more anxious I grew about the theme for an article.
It was at this moment that I remembered my boots. The act of bending my body changed the current of the blood. You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on.
The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me. The thing couldn’t be done. And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.”
44. By “It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.” in paragraph 1, the author means _____.
A. some subjects are too complicated or embarrassing to write on
B. poverty is no longer a problem nowadays, but embarrassment is
C. poor people don’t encounter as many embarrassments as the rich
D. there’re so many subjects that it’s hard to decide which to choose
45. Why did the author sharpen his pencils with great care?
A. To help himself promote thinking. B. To draw what he saw out of the window.
C. To write his article more smoothly. D. To relieve himself of anxiety about writing.
46. Putting on the boots helped the author _____.
A. get rid of his fixed habit B. lower his blood pressure
C. see things from a new angle D. free his preoccupied mind
47. The passage is mainly about the author’s _____.
A. personal attitude towards habits B. daily routines as a professional writer
C. writing process of a special article D. decision making on the theme for an article
【答案】44. D 45. A 46. C 47. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次写作时遇到了选题困难，正当作者焦头烂额时，作者的无意之举给了他灵感，帮助他找到了文章主题。
【44题详解】
句意猜测题。联系这句话的上一句“Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject.(现在，如果你已经习惯了以写文章为生，你就会知道，有时困难并不在于写文章，而在于选主题。)”可知，作者认为写文章远远没有选择主题困难。由此判断，这句话的意思指的是主题太多太难选择。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care.(为了找一个话题，我穿着拖鞋在房间里踱了一个小时。我望着窗外阳光普照的山谷，看着远处火车的烟雾向西消失。我小心翼翼地削好了随身携带的每一支铅笔。)”可知，作者小心翼翼地削好了随身携带的每一支铅笔是为了提升思维，找到一个话题。故选A。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on.(你从新的角度看问题。于是我把靴子拿来，坐下来穿上。)”以及第四段“The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me.(这东西很管用。因为在我全神贯注的情况下，我先拿起了我的右靴子。然后我机械地把它放下，抓起左边的靴子。这时我突然想到，我这一辈子都是先穿左边的靴子。如果你在五分钟前问我先穿哪只靴子，我就会说没有先穿这回事;然而现在我发现我已经养成了一个固定的习惯，以至于先试着穿上右边的靴子都会影响到我。)”可知，穿靴子这件事帮助作者从其他角度看待问题，给了作者灵感。故选C。
【47题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject.(没有什么紧急的理由让我穿上靴子。我不出去，我的拖鞋舒服多了。但是必须做点什么。我想找个文章的题目。现在，如果你已经习惯了以写文章为生，你就会知道，有时困难并不在于写文章，而在于选题目。)”可知，作者苦于找不到文章的主题；以及最后一段“And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.”(然后，我想起了塞缪尔·巴特勒那本关于生活和习惯的迷人的书。是的，当然，这是一个可以“走”的主题。我拿出一支铅笔，抓起几张信纸，坐下来开始写“习惯的力量”)”可知，作者穿靴子时有了灵感，从而确定了文章的主题。故选D。
(B)
2018 Fudan University Chinese Language Program for International Students
(Spring Semester Intake)
ABOUT INTERNATIONAL CULTUTRAL EXCHANGE SCHOOL, ICES, FUDAN UNIV.
International Cultural Exchange School, ICES, is the institution specialized in providing Chinese language and culture programs for international students in Fudan University. ICES is appointed to be one of the first four bases of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages in China. We accept international students for long term and short term language programs, general advanced and other tailor-made programs. ICES also provide degree programs for undergraduates majoring in Chinese Language & Culture and Business Chinese, and for Master candidates majoring in
Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages.
MAIN COURSES
The main courses include intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, speaking and writing. Optional courses including Pronunciation, Shanghai Dialect, Chinese Movie, Chinese sayings and proverbs, etc. are also provided. Special Character Writing class is set up for overseas Chinese origin students. There will be about 20 class hours per week for each level.
★Optional course could be different every year.
ABOUT CHINESE PROFICIENCYTEST,HSK & BUSINESS CHINESE TEST,BCT
Chinese Proficiency Test, HSK and Business Chinese Test, BCT are national examinations held by HANBAN, Confucius Institute Headquarters, which are widely recognized internationally. ICES is authorized test centers for both tests. ICES holds HSK tests 5 times in a year, for detailed schedule please call +86-21-65642256.
APPLYING
Study Period: Ranges from half-year to two years.
The spring semester runs from February to July, and the autumn semester from September to January.
★Final tuition criteria are subject to enrolment pricing announced by Financial Office of Fudan.
Application Requirements: Applicant must be a citizen of a foreign country between 18 and 60 years of age, in good mental and physical health.
Application periods:
1. Applications begin on October 8. Deadline of submitting application materials is December 10.
2. Autumn Semester: Applications begin on March 14. Deadline of submitting application materials is June 10.
How to Apply:
1. Log on to http://iso.fudan.edu.cn and enter University’s Online Application System through
E-Application.
2. The online application procedure is as follows:
Registering and activating account → Filling in application → Submitting application → Paying application fee on Online Application System → Waiting for application result.
The Program Duration are as follows:
2018 Spring Semester, one semester Program:
Duration of Major Study (From): 2018-02-26, (To): 2018-07-07
Contact Information:
Room 909, East Main, GuangHua Building,
International Cultural Exchange School, Fudan University
220 Han Dan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
Tel: +86-21-65643652
Fax: +86-21-55664859
E-mail: yuyansheng@fudan.edu.cn
http://www.ices.fudan.edu.cn http://iso.fudan.edu.cn,
APPLICATION FEES AND MATERIALS ARE NON-RETURNABLE.
48. Which is a compulsory course in the program?
A. Character writing. B. Speaking.
C. Chinese sayings. D. Chinese culture.
49. According to the passage, which statement is true about the program?
A. An applicant can’t be aware of the application result before he or she finishes the payment.
B. ICES is the fourth great base of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages in China.
C. The payment for application is refundable.
D. You can call +86-21-65643652 for further information about the timetable of HSK tests.
50. Who might be a qualified applicant?
A. Daisy, 17 years old, American, interested in Chinese, passed the BCT.
B. Yuan, 23 years old, Chinese, have Internet access till the end of December.
C. Fiamma, 27 years old, New Zealander, failed in last HSK test.
D. Zoe, 24 years old, Indonesian, no Internet access until the end of December.
【答案】48. B 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了复旦大学国际交流学院，以及此机构为国际学生提供的汉语和中国文化课程情况。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The main courses include intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, speaking and writing. (主要课程包括精读、泛读、听、说、写)”可知，该课程的必修课为“精读、泛读、听、说、写”。故选B。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to apply标题下“The online application procedure is as follows:Registering and activating account → Filling in application → Submitting application → Paying application fee on Online Application System → Waiting for application result. (注册激活账号→填写申请→提交申请→在线申请系统缴纳申请费→等待申请结果)”可知，根据申请流程，付款之后，等待结果。因此，是完成付款之后才知道结果。故选A。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据APPLYING标题下“Application Requirements: Applicant must be a citizen of a foreign country between 18 and 60 years of age, in good mental and physical health. (申请条件:申请人必须为18岁至60岁的外国公民，身心健康)”以及How to Apply 标题下“Log on to http://iso.fudan.edu.cn, and enter University’s Online Application System through E-Application. (登录http://iso.fudan.edu.cn，进入学校网上申请系统)”可知，申请人必须是外国公民，以及需要网络登录申请系统。又根据ABOUT CHINESE PROFICIENCYTEST,HSK & BUSINESS CHINESE TEST,BCT “ICES is authorized test centers for both tests. (国际考试中心是这两项考试的授权考试中心)”可知，复旦国际交流学院是HSK和BCT两项考试的考试中心。因此未通过这两项考试的才能申请。故选C。
(C)
Given the buzz it’s created, there’s a good chance you’ve heard about ChatGPT. It’s an interactive chatbot powered by machine learning. The technology has basically devoured the entire Internet, reading the collective works of humanity and learning patterns in language that it can recreate. All you have to do is give it a prompt (提示), and ChatGPT can do an endless array of things: write a story in a particular style, answer a question, explain a concept, compose an email—write a college essay-and it will spit out coherent, seemingly human—written text in seconds. The technology is both awesome and terrifying.
22-year-old Edward Tian is working feverishly on a new app to combat misuse of ChatGPT.
Over the last couple years, Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3, a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall. As part of his studies this fall semester, Tian researched how to detect text written by the AI system while working at Princeton’s Natural Language Processing Lab.
Then, as the semester was coming to a close, OpenAI, the company behind GPT-3 and other AI tools, released ChatGPT to the public for free. For the millions of people around the world who have used it since, interacting with the technology has been like getting a peek into the future; a future that not too long ago would have seemed like science fiction.
For many users of the new technology, wonderment quickly turned to alarm. How-many jobs will this kill? Will this empower nefarious (恶意的) actors and further corrupt our public discourse (公共话语)? How will this disrupt our education system? What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us?
Tian had an idea. What if he applied what he had learned at school over the last couple years to help the public identify whether something has been written by a machine?
Tian already had the know-how and even the software on his laptop to create such a program. Ironically, this software, called GitHub Co-Pilot, is powered by GPT-3. With its assistance, Tian was able to create a new app within three days. It’s a testament to the power of this technology to make us more productive.
On January 2nd, Tian released his app GPTZero. It basically uses ChatGPT against itself, checking whether “there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement” of the AI system in creating a given text.
When Tian went to bed that night, he didn’t expect much for his app. When he woke up, his phone had blown up. He saw countless texts and DMs from journalists, principals, teachers, you name it, from places as far away as France and Switzerland. His app, which is hosted by a free platform, became so popular it crashed. Excited by the popularity and purpose of his app, the hosting platform has since granted Tian the resources needed to scale the app’s services to a mass audience.
51. Which of the following statements is TRUE about GPT-3?
A. It’s designed and researched by Edward Tian in Princeton University
B. Not many ordinary people have used it because it is not free.
C. It is in the same AI system series as ChatGPT and GPTZero.
D. It used to be less user-friendly than ChatGPT but has outdone it now.
52. Wonderment at ChatGPT quickly turned to alarm because many users have the following concerns over ChatGPT EXCEPT _______.
A. AI may replace human beings in the future when it comes to writing essays.
B. Actors may turn bad or even evil if the new technology is adopted in acting.
C. The education system may be badly impacted by the misuse of the new technology.
D. Many people may be out of employment because of the new technology.
53. Principals and teachers may get interested in Edward Tian’s new app probably because _______.
A. the app is hosted by a free platform which is very popular.
B. they know many journalists are also very interested in it.
C. they are eager to share the resources Edward Tian is granted.
D. they are worried about the possibility of students cheating in writing.
54. Which of the following expressions can best describe the principle behind GPTZero?
A. Harm set, harm get. B. Birds of a feather flock together.
C. Fight a man with his own weapon. D. Great minds think alike.
【答案】51. B 52. B 53. D 54. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了一位22岁的年轻人试图阻止ChatGPT颠覆写作。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。由文第三段第一句“Over the last couple years, Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3, a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall.”（在过去的几年里，田一直在研究一个名为GPT-3的人工智能系统，这是ChatGPT的前身，它对用户是不太友好的，而且公众基本上无法访问，因为它位于收费墙后面。）可知，GPT-3是需要收费的，一般人不使用它，故选B项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。由文第五段“For many users of the new technology, wonderment quickly turned to alarm. How-many jobs will this kill? Will this empower nefarious (恶意的) actors and further corrupt our public discourse(公共话语)? How will this disrupt our education system? What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us? ”（对于许多该项新技术的用户来说，惊奇很快变成了恐慌。这会消灭多少工作？这会使邪恶势力强大吗？并进一步败坏我们的公共话语? 这将如何破坏我们的教育系统？当人工智能有望在不久的将来取得指数级的进步时，在学校学习写论文有什么意义？）可知，作者并没有谈到对演员和表演行业的影响，故选B项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段末句“It basically uses ChatGPT against itself, checking whether “there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement” of the AI system in creating a given text.”（基本上，它使用ChatGPT来对抗自身，检查人工智能系统在创建给定文本时是“零参与还是大量参与”。）可知，校长和老师可以用这个来测试学生是否在写作时作弊。由此推知，这很有可能是他们对田的新应用感兴趣的原因。故选D项。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句“It basically uses ChatGPT against itself, checking whether “there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement” of the AI system in creating a given text.”（基本上，它使用ChatGPT来对抗自身，检查人工智能系统在创建给定文本时是“零参与还是大量参与”。）可知，该技术的逻辑是用自己来打败自己，C项“Fight a man with his own weapon.”（用他自己的武器去打一个人）符合该语义逻辑，故选C项。
Section C(1*4=4%)
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once, Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
What Is a Dream?
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.
Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that ____55____
The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. ____56____ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.
Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. ____57____
Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.
He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.
Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. ____58____ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.
A. Men and women dream about different things.
B. A person’s dreams and the meaning of those dreams are between the person and God alone.
C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
D. However, one thing they agree on is: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.
E. Dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.
F. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.
【答案】55. E 56. F 57. C 58. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。几个世纪以来，人们一直对他们梦到的奇怪的事情感到好奇。一些心理学家说，这种夜间思维活动没有特殊意义。然而，其他人认为梦是我们生活中重要的一部分。事实上，许多专家相信梦可以告诉我们一个人的思想和情感。文章主要说明了不同的专家对于梦的不同看法。
【55题详解】
根据上文“The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that(奥地利心理学家Sigmund Freud可能是第一个科学地研究梦的人。在他的著名著作《梦的诠释》(1900)中，Freud写道，梦是一个人愿望的表达。他认为……)”可知，本句应当承接上文，说明Sigmund Freud对于梦的观点是什么，且上文提到“梦是一个人愿望的表达”，即人们在梦里可以表达自己在现实生活中不敢表达的东西。E选项中express the feelings可对应到上文中 an expression of a person's wishes。故E选项“梦允许人们表达他们在现实生活中不敢表达的感情、想法和恐惧”符合语境，故选E。
【56题详解】
根据上文“The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.(瑞士精神病学家Carl Jung曾是Freud的学生。然而，Jung对梦有不同的看法。Jung相信梦的目的是向做梦者传达一个信息)”以及后文“For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.(例如，梦到摔倒的人可能会发现他们对自己的评价太高了。另一方面，那些梦想成为英雄的人可能会发现他们对自己的评价太低了)”可知，上文提到了Carl Jung对梦的不同看法，他认为梦的目的是给做梦者传达信息，且后文提到梦中的各种行为，反应了做梦者对自己的看法，说明Carl Jung认为人们可以通过自己的梦境来进一步了解自己。F选项中He指的是上文提到的Carl Jung。故F选项“他认为人们可以通过思考自己的梦来更多地了解自己”符合语境，故选F。
【57题详解】
根据上文“Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior.(现代心理学家继续发展关于梦的理论。例如，来自加州大学圣克鲁兹分校的心理学家William Domhoff认为，梦与一个人的日常生活、思想和行为紧密相连)”可知，上文提到了William Domhoff对于梦的看法，本句为本段最后一句，应当承接上文举例说明，梦是如何与人的日常生活有关的。故C选项“例如，一个罪犯可能会梦见犯罪”符合语境，故选C。
【58题详解】
根据后文“The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.(梦可能有意义，但它并不意味着一些可怕的事件会真的发生。重要的是要记住梦的世界不是真实的世界)”可知，后文提到梦到可怕的事情不一定意味着真的会发生，D选项中something terrible可对应到后文中some terrible event。故D选项“然而，他们一致同意的一点是：如果你梦到一些可怕的事情将要发生，你不应该恐慌”符合语境，故选D。
IV. Translation(3*3=9%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
59. 好的设计雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。(appeal)(汉译英)
【答案】Good design is both refined and popular, appealing to all ages.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词及形容词。句子陈述客观事情，应用一般现在时，“好的设计”作主语，译为good design，“雅俗共赏”，作表语，译为both refined and popular，“老幼皆宜”译为appeal to all ages，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故翻译为Good design is both refined and popular, appealing to all ages.

60. 尽管疫情期间经济受挫，但当地政府已在努力寻找提振商业的措施。(despite)(汉译英)
【答案】Despite the economic setbacks during the epidemic, the local government has been working hard to seek measures to boost business.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词，名词短语，时态，动词短语和非谓语动词。结合提示词despite，可知介词despite后接名词短语“经济受挫”，即 the economic setbacks作宾语，状语“疫情期间”为during the epidemic，所以前半句翻译为：Despite the economic setbacks during the epidemic；结合句意可知句子使用现在完成进行时，主语“当地政府”是 the local government，“努力”用work hard，即has been working hard，“寻找提振商业的措施” 用动词不定式做目的状语，即to seek measures to boost business。故翻译为Despite the economic setbacks during the epidemic, the local government has been working hard to seek measures to boost business.
61. 不同地区的习俗和传统各不相同，但家庭聚会在节日时总是必不可少的，这意味着不同文化仍有很多共同之处。（common）(汉译英)
【答案】Customs and traditions vary from region to region, but family gatherings are always essential during festivals, which means that different cultures still have a lot in common.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、定语从句、名词和短语。此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“习俗”用名词custom表达，“传统”用名词tradition表达，“不同”用动词vary表达，“不同地区的习俗和传统各不相同”表达为customs and traditions vary from region to region；“但”用连词but表达，“家庭聚会”用名词短语family gathering表达，“必不可少的”用形容词essential表达，“但家庭聚会在节日时总是必不可少的”表达为but family gatherings are always essential during festivals；“意味着”用动词mean表达，“不同文化”用名词短语different cultures表达；“有很多共同之处”用短语have a lot in common表达，“这意味着不同文化仍有很多共同之处”可表达为非限制性定语从句which means that different cultures still have a lot in common，which在从句中作主语，指代上文所阐述的“不同地区的习俗和传统各不相同，但家庭聚会在节日时总是必不可少的”；故此句可翻译为：Customs and traditions vary from region to region, but family gatherings are always essential during festivals, which means that different cultures still have a lot in common.
V. Writing(10%)
62. Directions: Write an English essay in no less than 100 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的高一学生李华，你们学校就是否在高一阶段设置生涯规划(career planning)课程征求大家意见，有的同学表示欢迎，但有的同学则认为没有必要。请你谈谈你的看法并陈述理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As a high school student at Mingqi High School, I believe that setting up career planning courses for students in the first year of high school is a necessary measure. The importance of career planning lessons lies in the fact that students need to know what kind of skills they possess and what they want to accomplish in the future. With career planning courses, students will be able to gain knowledge about their chosen field, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and develop crucial life skills such as communication, time management, and problem-solving.
Additionally, career planning courses will help students make informed decisions about their future career choices. With the help of career planning courses, they will be able to choose suitable university programs or vocational training, leading to more successful and satisfying employment outcomes.
In conclusion, career planning courses are important for students in high school, and they should be offered as a necessary part of the curriculum. Students who take these courses will be better equipped to achieve their goals and succeed in their future careers.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考试就是否在高一设置生涯规划(career planning)课程谈谈自己的看法并陈述理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
相信：believe→ consider
完成：accomplish→ complete
合适：suitable→ proper
成功的：successful→ victorious
2.句式拓展
同义句替换
原句：With career planning courses, students will be able to gain knowledge about their chosen field, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and develop crucial life skills such as communication, time management, and problem-solving.
同义句：Enrolling in career planning courses empowers students with comprehensive knowledge of their chosen profession, a solid grasp of their own strengths and limitations, and the cultivation of essential life skills including effective communication, adept time management, and analytical reasoning abilities.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As a high school student at Mingqi High School, I believe that setting up career planning courses for students in the first year of high school is a necessary measure.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Students who take these courses will be better equipped to achieve their goals and succeed in their future careers.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)