2022-2023学年新疆柯坪县柯坪湖州国庆中学高三上学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年新疆柯坪县柯坪湖州国庆中学高三上学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共1页。试卷主要包含了试卷整洁，字迹清晰等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高三英语
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第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分 40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out f Paper
Yl！Prductins and the Great Griffn present the play by Rajiv Jseph, in which an rigami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher int her studi. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Mrgan, abut Queen Elizabeth II f the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the curse f sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Als starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14.(Schenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamiltn
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrte this musical abut Alexander Hamiltn, in which the birth f America is presented as an immigrant stry. Thmas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17.(Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical cmedy by Betty Cmden and Adlph Green, abut a Bradway prducer wh tries t win a mvie star’s lve during a crss-cuntry train jurney. Sctt Ellis directs, fr Rundabut Theatre Cmpany. Previews begin Feb. 12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)
1. What is the play by Rajiv Jseph prbably abut?
A. A type f art.B. A teenager’s studi.
C. A great teacher.D. A grup f animals.
2. Wh is the directr f The Audience?
A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Mrgan.
C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.
3. Which play will yu g t if yu are interested in American histry?
A. Animals Out f Paper.B. The Audience.
C. Hamiltn.D. On the Twentieth Century.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四场演出的主要内容，导演，时间，地点等信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据话剧Animals Out f Paper中的Prductins and the Great Griffn present the play by Rajiv Jseph, in which an rigami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher int her studi.可知，Rajiv Jseph创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据话剧The Audience的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是Stephen Daldry导演的。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据音乐剧Hamiltn 的Lin-Manuel Miranda wrte this musical abut Alexander Hamiltn, in which the birth f America is presented as an immigrant stry.可知，该剧的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部音乐剧。故选C。
B
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many peple under lckdwn feel lnely and bred. “There is a lneliness epidemic,” said Jhn Dattil frm Pennsylvania State University, US. S he, tgether with an internatinal team f researchers, studied hw t reduce lneliness and increase psitive feelings during the pandemic.
Accrding t their new study, reducing lneliness has smething t d with ding enjyable activities that require bth cncentratin (注意力) and skill. When peple are absrbed in what they are ding, they enter a state called “flw”, Dattil explained. “Flw can be achieved by ding activities that we value and that requires us t cncentrate fully t use ur skills.”
T achieve a state f flw, there must be a balance between the challenge f the task and yur skill level. Fr example, if yu’re trying t create a cmplex (复杂的) cmputer prgram but yur skill level is lw, then yu’re likely t feel stressed instead f achieving “flw”. On the cntrary(相反地), if the task is t easy, then bredm will set in and “flw” will nt appear, either. If yu have artistic skills, fr example, playing the pian r painting can lead t flw. S can things like skiing, writing and strytelling, depending n wh yu are.
“When we center a state f flw, we becme fcused, and we experience mmentary enjyment,” Dattil said. “When we leave a state f flw, we are ften surprised by hw much time has passed.” Hwever, watching televisin usually desn’t help peple enter flw, accrding t Dattil, because there aren’t any challenges.
“Peple tend t thrive (茁壮成长) n healthy activities and challenge,” said Dattil. “We hpe this research will help peple live fuller, happier, healthier lives”.
4. What did Dattil study?
A. Why peple feel lnely.B. Hw t reduce lneliness.
C. What enjyable activities arc.D. Why peple like a new challenge.
5. What des the underlined phrase “are absrbed in” prbably mean?
A. Are gd at.B. Are prud f.
C. Are fcused n.D. Arc relaxed abut.
6. Hw d peple feel when they enter the “flw” state?
A. They are lnely and bred.B. They feel stressed and tired.
C. They are cncentrating and happy.D. They feel time passes slwly.
7. Accrding t Dattil, the fllwing activities can help peple enter the “flw” state except________.
A. playing the pianB. writingC. paintingD. watching televisin
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dattil与一个国际研究团队一起进行了如何减少疫情期间人们的孤独情绪的研究，他们认为，做令人愉快的有挑战性的事情使人们进入心流状态能使人们减少孤独。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“S he, tgether with an internatinal team f researchers, studied hw t reduce lneliness and increase psitive feelings during the pandemic.(因此，他与一个国际研究团队一起研究了如何在大流行期间减少孤独感并增加积极情绪)”可知，Dattil所进行的研究是如何减少孤独的研究。故选B。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Accrding t their new study, reducing lneliness has smething t d with ding enjyable activities that require bth cncentratin (注意力) and skill.(根据他们的新研究，减少孤独感与做一些既需要专注又需要技巧的愉快活动有关)”以及后文“what they are ding, they enter a state called “flw””可知，进入“心流”状态需要专注，所以当人们专注于他们正在做的事情时，他们会进入一种叫做“心流”的状态，故划线词意思是“专注于”。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““When we center a state f flw, we becme fcused, and we experience mmentary enjyment,” Dattil said.(“当我们进入心流状态时，我们会变得专注，并体验到瞬间的快乐，” Dattil说)”可知，进入心流的状态会让人变得专注并感到快乐。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Hwever, watching televisin usually desn’t help peple enter flw, accrding t Dattil, because there aren’t any challenges.(然而，Dattil表示，看电视通常无助于人们进入心流，因为没有任何挑战。)”可知，看电视不能帮助人们进入“心流”状态。故选D。
C
Mnkeys seem t have a way with numbers.
A team f researchers trained three Rhesus mnkeys t assciate 26 clearly different symbls cnsisting f numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drps f water r juice as a reward. The researchers then tested hw the mnkeys cmbined—r added—the symbls t get the reward.
Here’s hw Harvard Medical Schl scientist Margaret Livingstne, wh led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the mnkeys were prvided with tuch screens. On ne part f the screen, a symbl wuld appear, and n the ther side tw symbls inside a circle were shwn. Fr example, the number 7 wuld flash n ne side f the screen and the ther end wuld have 9 and 8. If the mnkeys tuched the left side f the screen they wuld be rewarded with seven drps f water r juice; if they went fr the circle, they wuld be rewarded with the sum f the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds f tests, the researchers nted that the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values mre than half the time, indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin, nt just memrizing the value f each cmbinatin.
When the team examined the results f the experiment mre clsely, they nticed that the mnkeys tended t underestimate(低估) a sum cmpared with a single symbl when the tw were clse in value—smetimes chsing, fr example, a 13 ver the sum f 8 and 6. The underestimatin was systematic: When adding tw numbers, the mnkeys always paid attentin t the larger f the tw, and then added nly a fractin(小部分) f the smaller number t it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr. Livingstne says. “But in this experiment what they’re ding is paying mre attentin t the big number than the little ne.”
8. What did the researchers d t the mnkeys befre testing them?
A. They fed them.B. They named them.
C. They trained them.D. They measured them.
9. Hw did the mnkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle.B. By tuching a screen.
C. By watching vides.D. By mixing tw drinks.
10. What did Livingstne’s team find abut the mnkeys?
A. They culd perfrm basic additin.B. They culd understand simple wrds.
C. They culd memrize numbers easily.D. They culd hld their attentin fr lng.
11. In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Educatin.D. Science.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院的一位科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的A team f researchers trained three Rhesus mnkeys t assciate 26 clearly different symbls cnsisting f numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drps f water r juice as a reward.可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究人员对它们进行了培训。故C项正确。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的In their cages the mnkeys were prvided with tuch screens. On ne part f the screen, a symbl wuld appear, and n the ther side tw symbls inside a circle were shwn. Fr example, the number 7 wuld flash n ne side f the screen and the ther end wuld have 9 and 8. If the mnkeys tuched the left side f the screen they wuld be rewarded with seven drps f water r juice; if they went fr the circle, they wuld be rewarded with the sum f the numbers—17 in this example.可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。故B项正确。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“the researchers nted that the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values mre than half the time, indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin, nt just memrizing the value f each cmbinatin.和第五段中的When adding tw numbers, the mnkeys always paid attentin t the larger f the tw, and then added nly a fractin(小部分) f the smaller number t it.可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。所以猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。故A项正确。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstne领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果，这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”版块。故D项正确。
D
What d frmer American president Bill Clintn and rck musician Pete Twnshend have in cmmn? Bth men have hearing damage frm expsure t lud music, and bth nw wear hearing aids as a cnsequence. As a teenager, Clintnplayed saxphne(萨克斯管) in a band. Twnshend, wh has the mre severe hearing lss, was a guitarist fr a band called the Wh. He is ne f the first rck musicians t call the public’s attentin t the prblem f hearing lss frm expsure t lud music.
Temprary(暂时) hearing lss can happen after nly 15 minutes f listening t lud music. One early warning sign is when yur ears begin t feel warm while yu listen t music at a rck cncert r thrugh headphnes. One later is that an unusual sund r a ringing is smetimes prduced in yur head after the cncert.
“What happens is that the hair cells in the inner ear are damaged, but they’re nt dead,” says a physician and ear specialist Dr. Sam Levine. Accrding t Dr. Levine, if yu avid further expsure t lud nise, it’s pssible t repair the cells smewhat. Hwever, he adds, “Eventually, ver a lng perid f time, hair cells are permanently damaged.” And this is n small prblem.
What sund level is dangerus? Accrding t Dr. Levine, regular expsure t nise abve 85 decibels (分贝) is cnsidered dangerus. The chart belw ffers a cmparisn f decibel levels t certain sunds. Here’s anther measurement yu can use. If yu’re at a rck cncert and the music is s lud that yu have t shut t make yurself heard, yu’ re at risk fr hearing lss. That’s when wearing prtective devices such as earplugs becmes critical.
Cntinued expsure t lud music and the failure t wear earplugs can lead t deafness, accrding t Dr. Levine. He states, “There’s n cure fr hearing lss. Yur ears are trying t tell yu smething. That ringing is the scream f yur hair cells dying. Each time that happens, mre and mre damage is dne.”
12. Frm Paragraph 1,we can learn that________.
A. lud music is a majr cause f hearing lss
B. famus peple tend t have hearing prblems
C. teenagers shuld stay away frm schl bands
D. the prblem f hearing damage is widely knwn
13. What’s the later warning sign fr temprary hearing lss?
A. Yur ears start t feel warm.B. Yu play saxphne fr a band.
C. A ringing appears in yur head.D. Yu listen t music at a rck cncert.
14. The purpse f the chart at the end f the article is t shw________.
A. a list f harmful sundsB. the effect f rck cncerts
C. the nise levels f familiar sundsD. relatinship between daily activities and hearing lss
15. Which f the fllwing statements will Dr. Sam Levine prbably agree?
A. When yur ears feel warm, yur hair cells are dead.
B. Listening t music f 30 dB is dangerus.
C. Many are taking the risk f lsing hearing.
D. Dctrs knw hw t cure hearing lss.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了噪音过大导致的听力损失问题，说明了听力损失的不同症状以及日常噪音的的分贝数值。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Bth men have hearing damage frm expsure t lud music, and bth nw wear hearing aids as a cnsequence.(这两个人都因听吵闹的音乐而听力受损，因此现在都戴着助听器)”可知，嘈杂的音乐是使听力丧失的主要原因，故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“One early warning sign is when yur ears begin t feel warm while yu listen t music at a rck cncert r thrugh headphnes. One later is that an unusual sund r a ringing is smetimes prduced in yur head after the cncert.(一个早期的预警信号是，当你在听摇滚音乐会或通过耳机听音乐时，你的耳朵开始感到温热。后期是音乐会结束后，你的脑海中有时会产生一种不寻常的声音或铃声)”可知，暂时性听力损失的后期预警信号是一个铃声出现在你的脑海中。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Accrding t Dr. Levine, regular expsure t nise abve 85 decibels (分贝) is cnsidered dangerus. The chart belw ffers a cmparisn f decibel levels t certain sunds.Here’s anther measurement yu can use. If yu’re at a rck cncert and the music is s lud that yu have t shut t make yurself heard, yu’ re at risk fr hearing lss. (根据莱文博士的说法，经常接触85分贝以上的噪音被认为是危险的。下面的图表提供了对某些声音的分贝水平的比较。这是你可以使用的另一种测量方法。如果你在一场摇滚音乐会上，音乐太吵了，你不得不大喊才能让别人听到你的声音，那么你就有听力损失的风险)”以及表格中“Rck band during a cncert 110 - 140 dB(音乐会上的摇滚乐队达到110 - 140分贝)”可推知，最后的表格是为了向我们表明摇滚音乐会的不利影响，故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Accrding t Dr. Levine, regular expsure t nise abve 85 decibels (分贝) is cnsidered dangerus.(根据莱文博士的说法，经常接触85分贝以上的噪音被认为是危险的)”以及最后一段中“Cntinued expsure t lud music and the failure t wear earplugs can lead t deafness, accrding t Dr. Levine.(莱文博士说，持续听吵闹的音乐，并且不戴耳塞会导致耳聋)”和“That ringing is the scream f yur hair cells dying. Each time that happens, mre and mre damage is dne.(那铃声是你的毛细胞死亡的尖叫。每次发生这种情况，造成的损害就越来越大)”可推知，Dr. Sam Levine可能会同意“很多人有失去听力的危险”这一观点，故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whether yu are struggling with wrk, stress r badly images with bdy cnfidence, feeling cnstantly unhappy is an incredible, tiring state f mind. But there are simple ways t intrduce a mre psitive mindset, accrding t a treatment expert, Richard Nichlls.
____16____
Keeping a persnal diary is a great way f helping t gain a better view n things. Research has even shwn it has similar benefits t asking prfessinal advice frm psychlgical dctrs. But it needs t be dne prperly. Writing a jurnal isn’t abut lsing yurself in self-pity. ____17____
Learn “thught stpping”
Putting a “stp thught” in the middle f negative and psitive thughts will help fcus yur attentin and give yu mre cntrl ver what yur mind is ding. Next time yu have an negative thught, shut very ludly in yur head “STOP” fr at least three secnds. ____18____Then replace the negative thught with the exact ppsite.
Try mindful meditatin.
____19____The key is nt t put pressure n yurself and give up if yu can’t meditate(冥想) fr lnger than 5 minutes. Stick with it, even if yu are nly getting in a few secnds at a time and yur mind begins t wander. Persistence means yu’ll prgress frm secnds t minutes with last mind-wandering in between.
Put yurself first.
If yu are cnstantly putting everyne else befre yurself, it can lead t lw self-respect and deep unhappiness. ____20____, as yu start placing value n yurself and put yur wn needs in the first place. It’s difficult, but the nly way yu’ll get thrugh it is practise, and yu als see nbdy hates yu fr plitely but firmly shaking yur head.
A. Seek prfessinal advice
B. Write in a diary
C. Learning t say n can fight against this
D. Write abut an event that made yu feel unhappy that day
E. Imagine smething that represents a stp, such as a red light
F. Mindfulness is abut learning t relax and be at peace with yur thughts
G. It’s a tl t help yu see ptinal ways f thinking, feeling and behaving.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. E 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养积极心态的办法。
【16题详解】
设空句是段首小标题。根据段中“Keeping a persnal diary is a great way f helping t gain a better view n things. Research has even shwn it has similar benefits t asking prfessinal advice frm psychlgical dctrs. But it needs t be dne prperly. Writing a jurnal isn’t abut lsing yurself in self-pity. (写个人日记是帮助你更好地看待事物的好办法。研究甚至表明，它和向心理医生咨询专业建议异曲同工)”可知，本段建议通过写个人日记来帮助自己更好地看待事物。B项“Write in a diary (写日记)”是本段内容的概括。故选B项。
【17题详解】
上文“Writing a jurnal isn’t abut lsing yurself in self-pity. (写日记不是让你在自怜中迷失自我)”提出对写日记不正确的认识，G项“It’s a tl t help yu see ptinal ways f thinking, feeling and behaving.(它是一种帮助你看到可选择的思考、感觉和行为方式的工具)”承接上文，讲应该如何正确看待写日记，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【18题详解】
上文“Next time yu have an negative thught, shut very ludly in yur head ‘STOP’ fr at least three secnds.(下次当你有一个消极的想法时，在你的脑海里大声喊“停止”至少三秒钟)”提出即时“停止”消极的想法，E项“Imagine smething that represents a stp, such as a red light (想象一个代表停止的东西，比如红灯)”给出具体的建议，句中“smething that represents a stp”与上文“STOP”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【19题详解】
小标题“Try mindful meditatin.(尝试正念冥想)”提出正念冥想，F项“Mindfulness is abut learning t relax and be at peace with yur thughts (正念是关于学习放松和与你思想和平相处)”解释何为正念，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“If yu are cnstantly putting everyne else befre yurself, it can lead t lw self-respect and deep unhappiness.(如果你总是把别人看得比自己重要，这可能会导致自卑和深深的不快乐)”提出把别人看得比自己重要会导致自卑和不快乐，所以要“Learning t say n... (学会说不)”，下文“as yu start placing value n yurself and put yur wn needs in the first place.(因为你开始重视自己，把自己的需求放在首位)”进一步解释这样做的原因，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分60分)
第一节 (共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek. Fr them there’s smething highly exciting abut ____21____ smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever we all witness that preschl children are remarkably ____22____ at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies ____23____.
Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was ____24____ as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur ____25____ research results in child develpmental psychlgy ____26____ that idea. We brught yung children aged 2—4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC. Each ____27____ sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r ____28____. We then asked the child if she culd ____29____ r hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they culdn’t. The same ______30______ happened when the adult cvered her wn muth: ______31______ children said that they culdn’t ______32______ t her.
A number f ______33______ ruled ut (排除) that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects ______34______ the questins and knew ______35______ what was asked f them. Their ______36______ t the questins reflected their true ______37______ that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply ______38______ mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our ______39______ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blan ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd ______40______ when thers use it.
21. A. fllwingB. takingC. escapingD. directing
22. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick
23. A. expsedB. examinedC. untuchedD. imbalanced
24. A. supprtedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. explained
25. A. disappintingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired
26. A. explainedB. cnfirmedC. cntradicted (矛盾)D. tested
27. A. parentB. childC. researcherD. dctr
28. A. feetB. nseC. handsD. ears
29. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fl
30. A. eventB. thingC. actinD. accident
31. A. YetB. NwC. SnD. Once
32. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave
33. A. instructinsB. descriptinsC. experimentsD. assumptins(假设)
34. A. understdB. predictedC. explredD. ignred
35. A. partlyB. hnestlyC. vaguely (模糊地)D. exactly
36. A. respnsesB. apprachesC. cntributinD. sensitivity
37. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpse
38. A. hld back (阻止)B. relate tC. insist nD. make up
39. A. limitatinsB. requirementsC. theriesD. findings
40. A. tentative (试探性的)B. impressiveC. creativeD. effective
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。学龄前儿童在玩捉迷藏的游戏时，通常表现出“顾头不顾尾”的滑稽样子。之前这种行为被解释为是“以自我为中心”的表现，但最新的实验结果表明，情况并非如此。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的视线，让自己不被人看见是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. fllwing跟随；B. taking带走；C. escaping逃走；D. directing导演。根据下文“smene else’s glance”以及常理可知，孩子们之所以喜欢玩捉迷藏的游戏，是因为当他们藏起来的时候，感觉自己能够躲避（escaping）寻找者的视线，所以非常紧张刺激。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不擅长隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad坏的、差的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快速的。根据下文“They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies ____3____.”可知，他们只用手遮住眼睛，而身体的其他部分很可能暴露在外，由此可知学龄前儿童不善于（be bad at）隐藏。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，而身体的其他部分则暴露在外。A. expsed暴露的；B. examined被检查的；C. untuched未受影响的；D. imbalanced不平衡的。根据“cver nly their eyes”和生活常识可知，学龄前儿童在躲藏时往往只捂住自己的眼睛，却把身体的其他部分暴露（expsed）出来。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很长一段时间以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supprted支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. explained解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” creatures”可推知，长时间以来，儿童的这种无效躲藏的方式被解释（explained）为儿童是“自我中心”生物的证据。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这种观点相矛盾。A. disappinting令人失望的；B. mixed矛盾的；C. surprising惊人的；D. desired渴望的。下文提到研究结果与上文提到的人们之前的想法是矛盾的，所以是令人惊讶的。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这种观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. cnfirmed确认；C. cntradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。下文实验的结论得出孩子会这么做是因为坚持相互承认和尊重，由此可知这个结果与之前人们的想法是完全矛盾的（cntradicted）。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个孩子都和一个大人坐在一起，大人捂着自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母；B. child孩子；C. researcher研究人员；D. dctr医生。根据上文出现的“yung children”以及下文的“an adult”可知，此处指的是小孩子（child）。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个孩子都和一个大人坐在一起，大人捂着自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nse鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文出现的“r hear the adult”可知，此处指的是蒙上眼睛或捂住耳朵（ears）。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问孩子是否能看到大人或听到大人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fl愚弄。根据上文出现的“wh cvered her wn eyes”可知，此处指的是看到（see）大人或听到大人的声音。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事件；B. thing事情；C. actin行动；D. accident事故。下文提到当大人捂住自己的嘴时，孩子们说他们不能和大人说话了，所以是同样的事情（thing）再次发生。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当大人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Nw现在；C. Sn很快；D. Once一旦。上文是大人捂住眼睛，现在是大人捂住嘴巴，所以现在（Nw）孩子们说他们不能和她说话。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当大人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说话；B. listen听；C. turn转向；D. wave挥动。根据上文“cvered her wn muth”可知，因为大人捂着嘴巴，所以孩子们说他们不能与大人讲话（speak）。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些实验排除了孩子们误解他们被问到的问题的可能性。A. instructins指令；B. descriptins描述；C. experiments实验；D. assumptins假定。根据上文内容可知，这是进行的科学实验，但是一次实验肯定不能得出结论，所以进行很多次实验（experiments），排除了孩子们误解问题的可能性。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的小受试者理解了问题，并且确切地知道他们被问的是什么。A. understd理解；B. predicted预测；C. explred探索；D. ignred忽视。根据下文“the questins and knew”以及上文提到排除了孩子误解问题的可能性可知，孩子们是理解了（understd）问题的。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的小受试者理解了问题，并且确切地知道他们被问的是什么。A. partly部分地；B. hnestly诚实地；C. vaguely模糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据上文“ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked”可知，孩子们误解他们被问到的问题的可能性被排除了，所以孩子们确切地（exactly）知道他们被问的是什么。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对问题的回答反映了他们的真实信念：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. respnses回答；B. appraches方法；C. cntributin贡献；D. sensitivity敏感。根据上文内容以及下文“t the questins”可知，此处指的是孩子们对问题的回答（respnses）。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对问题的回答反映了他们的真实信念：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief信念；C. identity身份；D. purpse目的。根据下文“I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t”可知，孩子们真实的信念（belief）是：只有你能看到我，我才能看到你。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hld back阻止；B. relate t与……有关；C. insist n坚持；D. make up弥补。根据下文“mutual recgnitin and regard”以及上文的实验过程和结果可知，孩子们在捉迷藏中的表现表明，他们只是坚持（insist n）相互承认和尊重。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当一个孩子把毯子盖在头上“藏起来”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitatins限制；B. requirements要求；C. theries理论；D. findings结果。根据上文内容可知，科学实验有了新的发现或结果（findings），完全推翻了之前的结论。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当别人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为这种方法是有效的。A. tentative试探性的；B. impressive印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文孩子们和大人坐在一起的实验，以及上文出现的“this ineffective hiding methd”可知，事实上，当别人用这个方法时，孩子们就会认为这个方法是有效的（effective）。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Besides the Tibetan cstumes, Urgyen Drlma, a 76-year-ld Tibetan wman frm Suthwest China, has becme familiar ____41____ making ther ethnic (民族的)clthes since new members frm ther ethnic grups came int her family.
The Tibetan wman is frm Qibie village in Tacheng twn f Yunnan Prvince. Her family has 25 members with____42____(difference)ethnic backgrunds. She has been making traditinal cstumes since 1966. Over the decades she ____43____(frm)her wn unique style. She established a cperative ____44____(develp)the ethnic cstume industry in 2016, registering her wn brand and inviting several ____45____(villager)t jin.
Habits differ in the family accrding t ethnic grup, ____46____ everyne lives in harmny. Urgyen Drlma said that she lived an ____47____(extreme)pr life in the ld days and did nt have enugh fd. “At that time, many peple culd nt g t schl, but nw, n matter which ethnic grup yu are frm, yu can receive a mdern educatin,” said her daughter. “Educatin, ____48____ helps braden peple’s hrizns, makes ____49____(they)better understand the life and culture f ther ethnic grups. This ____50____(explain)why the life f ur family r ther families in Tacheng is s harmnius despite ethnic differences,” she said.
【答案】41. with
42. different
43. has frmed
44. t develp
45. villagers
46. but##yet
47. extremely
48. which 49. them
50. explains
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了藏族妇女乌金·卓玛通过制作民族服装让塔城的各少数名族和谐共处的故事。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：除了藏族服饰，来自中国西南部的76岁藏族妇女乌金·卓玛自从其他民族的新成员进入她的家庭后，就开始熟悉制作其他民族的服装。结合句意，此处为固定短语be familiar with“熟悉，通晓”。故填with。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她的家庭有25个成员，他们的种族背景不同。修饰名词词组ethnic backgrund应用形容词，different“不同的”符合题意。故填different。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年，她形成了自己独特的风格。结合时间状语ver the decades判断用现在完成时，主语she是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has frmed。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年，她成立了一家合作社，发展民族服装产业，注册了自己的品牌，并邀请了几位村民加入。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应填不定式表目的，即她建立合作社的目的是发展民族服装产业。故填t develp。
【45题详解】
考查名词的数。句意同上。villager“村民”是可数名词，被several修饰应用其复数形式。故填villagers。
【46题详解】
考查连词。句意：家庭习惯因民族而异，但每个人都和睦相处。结合语境可知，上下文为转折关系，应用but/yet连接。故填but/yet。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：乌金·卓玛说她过去生活特别贫困，并且没有足够的食物。修饰形容词pr应用副词。故填extremely。
【48题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：教育有助于开阔人们的视野，使他们更好地了解其他民族的生活和文化。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词educatin指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【49题详解】
考查代词。句意同上。指代上文peple并且作make的宾语，应用they的宾格形式。故填them。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：她说，这解释了为什么尽管存在种族差异我们的家庭或其他家庭在塔城的生活如此和谐。空处为主句谓语动词，陈述客观事实，且主语this为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填explains。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
We all knw that cycling is a greatly exercise. A dctr tells me peple wh lives the lngest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the cmbinatin f fresh air, smth mvement and exercise. Whether yu ride a bicycle, yu dn’t use petrl. S they are nt prducing carbn dixide and nt cause air pllutin. Just see hw cars have been taken ver ur cities. They ften run at high speeds, what may put ur lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, t. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【答案】1. greatly → great
2. lives → live
3. 在because后加f
4. Whether → If 或Whether → When
5. they → yu
6. cause → causing
7. 去掉have后的been
8. what → which
9. were → are
10. bicycle → bicycles
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表述了骑自行车这项运动可以带来的好处。
【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。分析句式结构可知，需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。
2.考查主谓一致。句意：医生告诉我，寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。分析句式结构可知，此处是关系代词wh引导的定语从句，先行词peple是集合名词，所以从句中谓语动词用复数形式。故将lives改为live。
3.考查介词。句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。分析句式结构可知，because表示“因为”，后面接从句，短语because f表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，the cmbinatin f fresh air, smth mvement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加f。
4.考查状语从句连接词。句意：当你骑自行车的时候/如果你骑自行车，你是不用汽油的。分析句意可知，该句是一个时间状语从句或条件状语从句，需用if或when引导；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。
5.考查代词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称yu可知，这里假设“你”骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为yu。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。
7.考查语态。句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。分析句式结构可知，主语cars与动词take ver之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。
8.考查定语从句引导词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
9.考查时态。句意：还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。故将were改are。
10.考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
【点睛】
第二节 书面表达(满分30分)
52. 现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”（lw-carbn life）, 低碳生活对我们大家都有好处, 请你写一封倡议书， 号召同学们改变生活方式，践行绿色低碳的理念。内容：
1.倡议理由；
2.具体做法：随手关灯，节约用电；走路或骑自行车，少乘汽车；重复利用生活用品等。
注意：1.词数100 词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：对……有好处 be beneficial t 骑自行车 ride a bike 有影响make a difference 保护环境 prtect envirnment 过一种低碳生活 live a lw-carbn life 重复使用reuse
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【答案】Dear friends,
Lw-carbn life is gd fr everyne. T help with the envirnment, I always walk r ride a bike t schl instead f taking a car. Besides, I will try t use things that can be recycled and I never frget t turn ff the lights when I leave the classrm. I think it's ur duty t live a lw-carbn life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference t the envirnment. S I suggest we shuld reuse daiy items as lng as pssible. And we'd better nt spend much mney n expensive clthes.
If everyne des smething fr the envirnment, I believe the earth will be a better place.
The students’ Unin
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(lw-carbn life)，低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一封倡议书，号召同学们改变生活方式，践行绿色低碳的理念。
【详解】1.词汇积累
关闭：turn ff→switch ff
建议：suggest→advise
此外：besides→in additin
相信：believe→hld the belief that
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Besides, I will try t use things that can be recycled and I never frget t turn ff the lights when I leave the classrm.
拓展句：Besides, nt nly will I try t use things that can be recycled, but als I never frget t turn ff the lights when I leave the classrm.
【点睛】[高分句型1] T help with the envirnment, I always walk r ride a bike t schl instead f taking a car. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] If everyne des smething fr the envirnment, I believe the earth will be a better place. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
Levels f Cmmn Nises
Nrmal cnversatin 50 - 65 dB
Fd blender 88 dB
Jet plane flying abve a persn standing utside 103 dB
Rck band during a cncert 110 - 140 dB