2023-2024学年广东省河源市开学联考高三上学期开学联考英语试题含解析

这是一份2023-2024学年广东省河源市开学联考高三上学期开学联考英语试题含解析，共1页。试卷主要包含了 选择题的作答， 非选择题的作答等内容，欢迎下载使用。

本试题卷共8页。全卷满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The fur best specialty fd festivals in the US
Maine Lbster Festival — Rckland, Maine
Rckland is the self-prclaimed (自封的) lbster capital f the wrld, and its annual Maine Lbster Festival prvides the state’s favrite lbsters and crabs. It takes place five days each summer and includes feasting n fresh seafd, a parade and live music. The Maine Sea Gddess Crnatin and the Great Internatinal Great Crate Race, where cntestants jump frm crate (木箱) t crate and risk falling int the cld Atlantic Ocean, are dn’t-miss events.
Windy City Smkeut — Chicag, Illinis
This fur-day event in Chicag cmbines tw things we lve: live music and great BBQ. Over 20 f the wrld’s best cks serve up their smked fds, while tp cuntry music talent takes the stage. Bands, beer, BBQ — what culd be better?
Picklesburgh — Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Picklesburgh bills itself as “The Destinatin fr All Things Pickled (腌制的)” fr ne weekend each July. Pittsburgh’s Rbert Clemente Bridge transfrms int Picklesburgh, cmplete with a giant flying Heinz pickle balln. Attendees can expect varius fds and ccktails that feature pickled ingredients, as well as live dems and pickled gds.
Vermnt Cheesemakers Festival — Greensbr, Vermnt
Arguably the cuntry’s tp cheese state, Vermnt plays hst t the Annual Vermnt Cheesemakers Festival each summer at Highland Center fr the Arts. This single-day event ffers an unequalled chance t meet the state’s best cheesemakers and taste their wrld-class prducts, alngside ther lcal fds, craft beer, wine and spirits.
1. Which festival will appeal t adventure lvers?
A Maine Lbster Festival.
B. Windy City Smkeut.
C. Picklesburgh.
D. Vermnt Cheesemakers Festival.
2. What can yu enjy at Windy City Smkeut?
A. Fresh seafd.B. Smked fds.
C. Wrld-class cheese.D. Pickled fds.
3. Hw lng des the Vermnt Cheesemakers Festival last?
A. Five days.B. Fur days.C. Tw days.D. One day.
B
As the lyrics t Taylr Swift’s hit sng “Bad Bld” g: “Cause, baby, nw we gt bad bld. Yu knw it used t be mad lve.” It’s a sng abut falling ut f friendship, but t 14-year-ld Hallie Barnard, wh was brn with a rare bld disrder, the sng hlds a much deeper meaning.
At just 15 mnths ld, Barnard was diagnsed (诊断) with Diamn Blackfin Anemia, r DBA, and she spent mst f her life in and ut f the hspital. The Swiftie said she relied n the singer t bring her jy.
The nly way t survive DBA is with a bne marrw transplant (骨髓移植) and Barnard was desperate fr ne. But she knew thusands f ther patients are, t. S, a few years ag, she decided t d smething abut it, creating her wn fundatin: Hallie’s Heres. “It started selfishly as just trying t save my life, but then we realized there were s many ther children ut there that needed a bne marrw transplant,” she said. “S, s far we’ve tested 8,000 peple and fund ver 300 matches.”
After a 9-year wait, Barnard gt her wn match — thrugh her wn fundatin. But mre bstacles std between her and nrmal life as a kid. The bld disrder led t a cancer diagnsis: stesarcma. She received surgery t cut the cancer ut f her leg at MD Andersn in Hustn.
The recvery was difficult, but Hallie said she stayed hpeful. “My survival instinct (本能) just kicked in. I was trying t d anything that I culd t survive. S, f curse, it was scary but in my mind, I was just thinking that I wanted t be at my sister’s future weddings. I wanted t play games and run again,” she said.
Her survival instinct — cmbined with Taylr Swift-helped her thrugh her peratin, where dctrs cut her cancer ut, and reattached her ft and ankle t her upper leg t wrk as a knee.
4. Why des the authr mentin Taylr Swift’s sng “Bad Bld”?
A. T stress the pwer f music.
B. T intrduce the tpic f the text.
C. T shw Taylr Swift’s ppularity.
D T state Taylr Swift’s sng is a hit.
5. What is Hallie Barnard’s riginal mtivatin fr creating Hallie’s Heres?
A. T raise mney fr her heres.
B. T treat her rare bld disrder.
C. T help ther children with DBA.
D. T have an peratin fr her cancer
6. Which f the fllwing can best describe Hallie Barnard?
A. Strng-minded and selfish.B. Hard-wrking and patient.
C. Kind and ptimistic.D. Outging and helpful.
7. What’s the best title fr the text?
A. Bad Bld Inspired a Little Girl
B. Hallie’s Heres:a Useful Fundatin
C. Taylr Swift: a Ppular Singer with Teens
D. A Cancer Survivr Helped Others Find Matches
C
Answers may nly feel like they’re n the tip f yur tngue. Smetimes yu knw there’s just the right wrd fr smething, but yur brain can’t find it. That depressing feeling is called the tip-f-the-tngue (TOT) state — and fr decades psychlgists assumed it was caused by a partial recllectin f the answer. But new research suggests this experience may be largely an illusin (错觉). Being sure yu knw smething desn’t mean yu actually d.
In a series f experiments, cllege students attempted t answer 80 general knwledge questins with ne-wrd answers. If they didn’t prvide a crrect answer, they were asked if they felt like the answer was n the tip f their tngue and t prvide partial infrmatin such as its first letter, its number f syllables (音节), r what it sunded like. The team fund that peple in a TOT state were mre likely t vlunteer partial infrmatin — ding s five times as ften in ne experiment.
But that infrmatin tended t be wrng. Guesses at sunds and syllable cunts were n mre likely t be right in a TOT state than therwise. Averaged acrss several experiments, first-letter guesses were nly slightly mre likely t match the crrect answer (rughly 11 versus 8 percent). Yet participants said they thught their guess was crrect 58 percent f the time while in TOT states versus 7 percent therwise.
Previus research has shwn that TOT states are nt cmpletely illusry — peple better recgnize crrect multiple-chice answers fllwing such states (55 versus 42 percent) — but this wrk indicates that we can’t fully trust them. The evidence suggests that instead f partial recllectin leading t a TOT state, a reverse (相反的) prcess may be taking place: Smething causes the feeling, which then mtivates peple t search their memries.
“One pssibility is that peple detect familiarity with the questin itself,” says the study’s senir authr Anne Cleary, a psychlgist at Clrad State University. “It may be signaling: ‘smething relevant is here in memry — let’s d a search.’”
8. What des the new study find abut TOT feeling?
A. It may be an illusin.
B. It is caused by a partial memry.
C. It is a feeling f failure in giving answers.
D. It is a state f remembering anything with difficulty.
9. What did the cllege students d in the experiments?
A. They answered 80 multiple-chice questins.
B. They prvided partial infrmatin n 80 questins.
C. They answered 80 questins with ne-wrd answers.
D. They guessed the answers accrding t the first letter.
10. What is the mechanism behind the TOT experience accrding t Anne Cleary?
A. TOT experience is cmpletely illusry.
B. Peple recall partial answers and feel frustrated.
C. Peple’s brn ability helps them t guess the answers.
D. Peple discver smething familiar and search their memries.
11. In which sectin f a newspaper can we prbably find the text?
A. Entertainment.B. Science.C. Literature.D. Lifestyle.
D
An 11-minute quick walk every day culd prevent ne in ten premature deaths wrldwide, accrding t the largest ever study f its kind. Glbally, ne in ten early deaths culd be avided if everyne met just half the NHS target fr mderate (适度的)-intensity physical activity, the pled data analysis suggests. The results were published in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine.
Mderate-intensity physical activity is defined as activity that raises the heart rate and makes peple breathe faster, but still leaves them able t speak. “If yu are smene wh finds the idea f 150 minutes f mderate-intensity physical activity a week a bit daunting, then ur findings shuld be gd news,” said Dr. Sren Brage, f Cambridge’s Medical Research Cuncil epidemilgy unit.
Researchers lked at 196 peer-reviewed articles, cvering mre than 30 millin participants frm 94 large study teams. They then examined the link between levels f physical activity and the risk f heart disease, cancer and early death.
At least 75 minutes a week f mderate-intensity activity lwered the risk f early death by 23%. It was als enugh t reduce the risk f cardivascular disease by 17% and cancer by 7%. “We knw that physical activity, such as walking r cycling, is gd fr yu, especially if yu feel it raises yur heart rate,” said Prf. James Wdcck, als f Cambridge University. “But what we’ve fund is there are substantial benefits t heart health and reducing yur risk f cancer even if yu can nly manage 10 minutes every day.”
The researchers calculated that if everyne in the studies had dne the equal f at least 150 minutes a week f mderate activity, abut ne in six early deaths wuld have been prevented. But even if everyne had managed at least 75 minutes a week, abut ne in ten early deaths wuld have been prevented, the research fund.
12. What is the main finding f the study mentined in the text?
A. Early deaths cannt be prevented thrugh physical activity.
B. Everyne needs t exercise fr at least 150 minutes weekly.
C. 11 minutes’ daily quick walking culd stp 10% f early deaths.
D. Walking is the best exercise fr preventing premature deaths.
13. What des the underlined wrd “daunting” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Exciting.B. Discuraging.C. Cnfusing.D. Addictive.
14. Hw did the researchers d their study?
A They examined previus similar articles.
B. They cperated with 94 large study teams.
C. They tracked dwn different peple’s ways f exercise.
D. They asked abut 30 millin participants t answer questins.
15. What is the message f the study fr peple wh can’t manage 150 minutes f physical activity a week?
A. They shuld give up n physical activity altgether.
B. 75 minutes’ weekly activity is nt enugh t keep fit.
C. They shuld aim fr high-intensity wrkuts fr health.
D. Ten minutes’ daily activity can prevent heart disease and cancer.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Travelling Ecnmically
● Get a ride t travel destinatins with friends r acquaintances (熟人). If peple yu knw are driving t a lcatin yu wuld like t visit, take advantage f the pprtunity t ask them fr a lift. Offer t help with gas mney r, if yu dn’t have any cash, ffer a trade r service instead. ____16____
● Practice safe hitchhiking t get arund.____17____ Ask each driver several questins befre getting in the vehicle, including what their name is, where they are heading and why they are ging there. Fllw yur gut instinct (直觉) and avid getting int a car with anyne wh gives yu a bad feeling.
●____18____There are many ridesharing websites and apps that allw budget travellers t find a shared lift t their destinatin. These sites will als screen and identify the drivers, making the ridesharing experience safe and simple. Search fr available rideshares in yur area, which may vary in cst but will cst significantly less than travelling alne.
● Jin a free hspitality (好客)-sharing cmmunity. ____19____Yu will be able t chat with participating members living in the area yu are travelling t and arrange accmmdatins befre travelling. In additin t being able t sleep n smene’s cuch r in their spare rm, yu may find smene t shw yu arund the city.
● Camp at inexpensive campsites. Camping can be a budget-friendly activity if yu find the right park r site. ____20____Visit fr a cmprehensive list f Nrth American campgrunds, which indicates sites with a rate f $12 r less per night.
A. Get t new destinatins with ridesharing services.
B. Hitchhiking is nt an exact science but an art frm.
C. Search nline fr camp sites near yur travel destinatin.
D. Hitchhiking is a free way t travel, but yu need t be cautius.
E. One f my big wrries when it cmes t camping is keeping everyne safe.
F. Be a plite and respectful c-traveller t shw yur appreciatin fr their genersity.
G. Find free accmmdatins in ther cities by jining a cuchsurfing cmmunity nline.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Desmnd Jumbam grew up in a pr family in Yaundé, the capital city f Camern. His mther wrked____21____ as a cleaner and ck fr an rganizatin t ____22____him t schl in Yaundé.
“It was nt always easy but my mther sacrificed a lt t ____23____ that I gt the best educatin. In 2010, I ____24____ Harvard University with enugh mney fr nly ne semester. My mther tk a huge ____25____ fr that.”
With the help f family, schlarships and a jb as a private teacher, Desmnd was able t affrd schl fees fr a “very____26____ first tw years” in the US. But having achieved s much in the cuntry, Desmnd has nw returned t Camern t____27____his knwledge and skills there.
Desmnd culdn’t have gt as far as he has withut the ____28____ f his family. He said: “I will avid cmmn advice like ‘dn’t ____29____ ’ and ‘fllw yur dreams’. At the risk f sunding_____30_____ , I wuld advise anyne with big dreams t expect severe adversity (逆境) ahead.”
Everyne faces sme_____31_____ in getting t their gals and dreams, especially fr thse frm _____32_____cmmunities. Desmnd was ne f thse children. He hpes his stry will _____33_____children t knw that it is cmpletely _____34_____t achieve the dreams which may seem beynd their_____35_____, despite the severe adversities ahead.
21. A. quicklyB. hardlyC. tirelesslyD. carelessly
22. A. sendB. takeC. pullD. put
23. A. imagineB. prmiseC. agreeD. ensure
24. A. spnsredB. attendedC. leftD. reprted
25. A. lanB. blwC. financeD. credit
26. A. fearfulB. clrfulC. stressfulD. meaningful
27. A. learnB. imprveC. btainD. apply
28. A. arrangementB. warningC. supprtD. permissin
29. A. catch upB. give upC. stay upD. hurry up
30. A. familiarB. strangeC. funnyD. pessimistic
31. A. barriersB. pprtunitiesC. prbabilitiesD. lsses
32. A. ldB. prC. remteD. civilized
33. A. allwB. urgeC. frceD. inspire
34. A. pssibleB. rightC. fairD. suitable
35. A. abilityB. cntrlC. reachD. cmprehensin
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 22 marks the annual Internatinal Day fr Bilgical Diversity,____36____ theme fr this year is “Frm Agreement t Actin: Build Back Bidiversity”. Nearly half f the glbal GDP utput is related____37____bilgical diversity. Nearly 40 percent f the glbal ppulatin makes their living n marine r castal bidiversity.
China is ne f the wrld’s mst bilgically ____38____(diversity) cuntries. China is hme t the wrld’s third largest number f higher plant species with 35,000, ____39____ (accunt) fr the wrld’s 10 percent f the categry. The cuntry als wns 686 species f mammals and ____40____largest number f unique mammal species. China has 24.02 percent f____41____ (it) territry cvered by frest and ____42____(tp) the fifth glbally in terms f frest resurce cverage.
Frm the perspective f the wrld, hwever, the numbers f wild animals in Africa and the Asia-Pacific regin have drpped 66 percent and 55 percent ____43____(respective) due t habitat degradatin (恶化), develpment and pllutin, climate change and diseases. The threat that wrldwide bilgical diversity is under is wrsening as 41 percent f the wrld’s amphibians, 26 percent f the mammals and 14 percent f birds are facing extinctin.
What are we suppsed t d? Dn’t eat, purchase wild animals. Reduce using plastic ____44____ (item). Save water and pwer. Reduce _____45_____ (cnsume) f dmestic paper. Plant trees and frests.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Margaux写信向你询问如何平衡学习和摄影爱好之间的关系。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 告知收到来信，得知情况；
2. 给出合理建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Margaux,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day Officer Jacksn and Steve were discussing a serius case when they were infrmed f a disturbance (骚乱) in the nearby subway. S, they walked ut f the statin and gt int their car.
The tw fficers had expected they’d have t deal with an annying beggar trubling the passers-by fr mney. But when they arrived at the crime scene, they were shcked at the beggar’s appearance. The man had tears in his eyes and was sitting n the subway stairs, lking untidy and tired.
“Excuse me, sir,” Officer Jacksn said. “Yu can’t stay here, nr can yu bther the peple t give yu mney. Yu have t leave this place.”
“Lk, fficers,” the man sighed. “I’m srry. I didn’t mean t cause any truble, kay? I lst my cane (拐杖), and I can’t walk withut it. I wanted a few cents s I culd get myself smething t eat.”
The tw fficers exchanged lks, knwing the man wasn’t a disturbance but smene wh really needed their help. S they prmised t get him fd, buy him a cane, and drp him hme.
After ding that, the fficers drve t the beggar’s hme, nly t discver he had n hme at all. He was just wandering in the streets and living ff the leftvers he managed t find.
The pr man said his name was Eugene. When he was wrking at a skyscraper cnstructin site, he was injured and became disabled, lsing his ability t walk. Unfrtunately, his disability frbade him frm ding physical labr, and he wasn’t well-educated t find a desk jb, s he remained jbless. Because he culdn’t prvide fr his family, his wife and children left him. “I dn’t have any hpes f changing my destiny (命运), fficers,” the man said.
But Officer Jacksn wanted Eugene t change his life. “Yu’re still yung,” he said.
“Yu can’t lse hpe s sn. He brught him smething warm t eat, helped him take a shwer, and gave him his warm bts. After his wrk, Officer Jacksn drve Eugene t a shelter fr the hmeless and left.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Since that day, Eugene had never expected t meet the tw fficers again.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A few mnths later Eugene was a changed man.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________