人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course一课一练

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course一课一练，共9页。试卷主要包含了语言基础训练，培优提升训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Sme peple chse nt t eat meat because they believe that it is cruel (残酷的) t eat animals.
2．My rm is dirty, and I need a thrugh (彻底的) cleaning f it tmrrw.
3．The rm was very simple, nearly withut any furniture (家具) and simply decrated.
4． Unfrtunately (不幸), they lst their directin in the frest.
5．We are always busy with ur wrk, nly playing basketball nce a week fr recreatin (消遣)．
6．Bb's nephew (侄子) is a freshman at Harvard University nw.
7．If yu are lking fr sme inspiratin fr yur next crprate (公司的) trademark design, then this is the place t be.
8．I've always lked t my father fr guidance (指导) n these matters.
9．The cttage was cld and damp (潮湿的)．
10．We advertised (登广告) fr staff in a lcal newspaper last week.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Up t nw, we have received (receive) n news frm her.
2．With the help f the teachers, he has made (make) rapid prgress in his studies.
3．With the rapid grwth f ppulatin，the city has spread (spread) in all directins in the past five years.
4．Yu shuld g t bed.Yu have been watching (watch) TV fr 5 hurs.
5．I have been writing (write) letters since breakfast.
6．I have written (write) 3 letters since breakfast.
7．Srry, but Mr.Smith has left (leave) fr Beijing.
8．I have been lking (lk) fr him everywhere.Where can he be?
9．Jseph has been ging (g) t evening classes since last mnth, but he still can't say“What's yur name？” in Russian.
10．—Wh is Jerry Cpper?
— Haven't yu met (nt meet) him yet? I saw yu shaking hands with him at the meeting.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．They began cntributing articles t ur magazine several years ag, and they keep ding s until nw.
→All these years they have been cntributing articles t ur magazine.
2．I started t drink cffee when I gt t the ffice this afternn. I am still drinking cffee nw.
→ I have been drinking cffee all the afternn since I gt t the ffice.
3．It has been six hurs since the baby fell asleep.
→The baby has been sleeping fr six hurs.
4．My brther jined the pian club three mnths ag.
→It has been/is three mnths since my brther jined the pian club.
5．Li Lei mved t Hangzhu ten years ag and he is still living there nw.
→Li Lei has been living in Hangzhu fr ten years.
6．The scientist came t study the Chinese ancient culture last year and he is still wrking in China.
→The scientist has been studying the Chinese ancient culture since last year.
7．Tm's father died three years ag.
→Tm's father has been dead fr three years.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·广东省深圳市南头中学高二期中)
Thugh thusands f adventurers have climbed up Munt Everest, the highest and mst famus f the wrld's 14 tallest muntains, nly 40 climbers have cnquered them all.Nepalese muntaineer Purja became ne f them after he reached the 8,028-meter peak f China's Mt.Shishapangma n Octber 29, 2019.Purja made the extrardinary achievement in just six mnths and six days, much faster than late Suth Krean climber Kim Chang-h's 2013 recrd f 7 years, ten mnths, and six days.
“I am incredibly excited and prud t have reached this final peak and achieved my gal f climbing the wrld's 14 tallest muntains in recrd time，” Purja said.“It was extremely hard six mnths, and I hpe t have prven that anything is pssible with sme determinatin, self-belief, and psitivity.”
Purja's “Prject Pssible” started becming a reality n April 23, 2019, when he successfully peaked Nepal's 8,091 meters tall climber then rapidly cmpleted the next five muntains, including Mt.Everest, within nly fur weeks! Five mre peaks were cnquered in July and the last three during September and Octber.
The adventurer, wh was jined by teams f Nepalese climbers n each f his adventures, encuntered many memrable and critical mments.On April 23, 2019, while ging dwn Mt.Annapurna, Purja and his team heard abut a Malaysian climber wh had been separated frm his grup with n fd, water, r xygen fr ver 40 hurs.They managed t find him and gt him airlifted t a hspital.On May 15, 2019, Purja's team similarly helped three trapped climbers n Mt.Kanchenjunga by giving them xygen.
Purja said his primary purpse fr undertaking this enrmus task was t shw the wrld that anyne can attain greatness if they put their minds t it.“By achieving this gal, I knew I culd inspire peple frm all generatins acrss the wrld，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了尼泊尔登山者Purja成功登顶中国的Shishapangma峰，完成了登上14座世界最高山峰的目标。并介绍了Purja对此举的看法，以及他的攀登经过，Purja说他承担这项艰巨任务的主要目的是向世界表明，只要用心去做，任何人都可以获得伟大的成就。
1．Which was the last f the wrld's 14 tallest muntains Purja peaked？ D
A．Mt.Everest. B．Mt.Annapurna.
C．Mt.Kanchenjunga. D．Mt.Shishapangma.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nepalese muntaineer Purja became ne f them after he reached the 8,028-meter peak f China's Mt.Shishapangma n Octber 29, 2019.(尼泊尔登山家Purja 在2019年10月29日登上中国8 028米的高峰Shishapangma 山后，成为其中的一员。)”以及第二段中“‘I am incredibly excited and prud t have reached this final peak and achieved my gal f climbing the wrld's 14 tallest muntains in recrd time，’ Purja said.(Purja说：‘我非常激动和自豪，能够到达最后一座山峰，并实现了在创纪录的时间内登上世界14座最高山峰的目标。’)”可知，Purja登上的14座世界最高山峰中最后一座是Shishapangma峰。故选D。
2．Which f the fllwing best describes Purja？ C
A．Capable, wrthy and hnest.
B．Brave, intelligent and traditinal.
C．Determined, psitive and caring.
D．Creative, energetic and adventurus.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“It was extremely hard six mnths, and I hpe t have prven that anything is pssible with sme determinatin, self-belief, and psitivity.(这六个月非常艰难，我希望能够证明，只要有决心、自信和积极，一切皆有可能。)”以及第四段内容，可推知，Purja是一个有决心、积极和有爱心的人。A.Capable, wrthy and hnest.(有能力、有价值、诚实。)；B.Brave, intelligent and traditinal.(勇敢、聪明、传统。)；C.Determined, psitive and caring.(坚定、积极、有爱心。)；D.Creative, energetic and adventurus.(富有创造力、活力和冒险精神。)。故选C。
3．What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in Paragraph 4？ B
A．The number f climbers shuld be limited t ensure safety.
B．Purja and his team are willing t assist climbers in truble.
C．It is impssible t rescue trapped climbers n high muntains.
D．Necessary preparatins must be made befre climbing muntains.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“They managed t find him and gt him airlifted t a hspital.On May 15, 2019, Purja's team similarly helped three trapped climbers n Mt.Kanchenjunga by giving them xygen.(他们设法找到了他，并用飞机把他送到了医院。2019年5月15日，Purja的团队同样帮助了三名被困在Kanchenjunga山的登山者，给他们提供了氧气。)”可知，作者想通过第四段的例子告诉我们Purja和他的团队愿意帮助有困难的登山者。故选B。
4．What might be the best title f the text？ D
A．Muntaineering: A Challenging but Ppular Sprt
B．Purja: A Wrld-famus Nepalese Climbing Pineer
C．Kim Chang-h Succeeded in Climbing up Mt.Everest Alne
D．Nepalese Muntaineer Cnquers Wrld's 14 Highest Peaks in Six Mnths
解析：标题归纳题。结合文章主要说明了尼泊尔登山者Purja成功登顶中国的Shishapangma峰，完成了登上14座世界最高山峰的目标。文章介绍了Purja对此举的看法，以及他的攀登经过，Purja说他承担这项艰巨任务的主要目的是向世界表明，任何人都可以获得伟大的成就，只要他们用心去做。故D选项(尼泊尔登山者在六个月内征服了世界上14座最高峰)符合文章标题。故选D。
B
(2023·河北省沧州市部分学校高二月考)
It is Britain's mst brutal running race—268 miles nn-stp alng the Pennine Way.Jasmin Paris, wh is still breastfeeding her daughter, beat 136 ther cmpetitrs frm 15 cuntries, 125 men included, t win the Mntane Spine Race.She brke the men's recrd by ver 12 hurs.
T train fr the race, Paris had t get up at 4, when she wuld head ut fr runs in the hills arund her hme while her family were still in bed.She als went n plenty f lng hikes with her baby.
She was n the curse fr 83 hurs and 12 minutes, pausing t pwer nap and eat fr nly seven hurs.She had t carry everything she needed and had t navigate using a map and cmpass, mstly alne and in the dark.But she was relentless(坚韧的)．Almst 20 hurs after she had finished, nly tw men had cmpleted the race, with everyne else either still n the curse r retired.
Tp British ultra runner and frmer Spine Race finisher Damian Hall says：“Her perfrmance was extrardinary—ne f the great British ultra-running perfrmances.” Olympian J Pavey says Paris's perfrmance was “awesme and inspiring.”
Since finishing, Paris has caught lts f attentin, with televisin appearances and Chelsea Clintn tweeting abut her victry.“This has been harder than the race，” she says.“At least then I just had ne jb t d: keep putting ne ft in frnt f the ther.” All she craves nw is a gd night's sleep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了还在给女儿喂奶的帕里斯击败了来自15个国家的136名其他选手，赢得了山脊比赛赛跑的冠军。
5．Hw lng did Paris stp during the race？ A
A．7 hurs. B．12 hurs.
C．20 hurs. D．83 hurs.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“She was n the curse fr 83 hurs and 12 minutes, pausing t pwer nap and eat fr nly seven hurs.(比赛持续了83小时12分钟，中途停下来打个盹和吃东西，只用了7个小时。)”可知，她在中途停了7个小时。故选A。
6．Which f the fllwing can best describe Paris？ B
A．Kind and devted.
B．Inspiring and determined.
C．Cnsiderate and Brave.
D．Generus and hard-wrking.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“But she was relentless(坚韧的)．Almst 20 hurs after she had finished, nly tw men had cmpleted the race, with everyne else either still n the curse r retired.( 但她十分坚韧。在她完成比赛近20个小时后，只有两名男子完成了比赛，其他人要么还在赛道上，要么已经退役。)”以及倒数第二段中“Olympian J Pavey says Paris's perfrmance was ‘awesme and inspiring.’(奥运会选手乔·帕维说，Paris的表现‘令人惊叹，鼓舞人心’。)”可知，Paris是鼓舞人心和坚韧的。故选B。
7．What did Paris think harder than running？ D
A．Training fr the face.
B．Taking care f her yung baby.
C．Getting gd night's sleep.
D．Dealing with the public attentin.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Since finishing, Paris has caught lts f attentin, with televisin appearances and Chelsea Clintn tweeting abut her victry.‘This has been harder than the race，’．..(自从完成比赛后，Paris吸引了很多关注，她频频出现在电视上，Chelsea Clintn也发推特庆祝她的胜利。‘这比比赛还难，’她说。‘至少那时我只有一件事要做：一步一步走下去。’)”可知，Paris认为处理公众的关注要比比赛还难。故选D。
8．What is the best title fr the text？ C
A．The Lngest Running Race
B．A Mther and Her Yung Baby
C．A Wman Beating Men's Recrd
D．The Hardest Race in the Wrld
解析：主旨大意题。通读文章，文章讲述的是还在给女儿喂奶的Paris击败了来自15个国家的136名其他选手，赢得了山脊赛跑的冠军。她以超过12个小时的优势打破了男子纪录。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·全国乙卷改编)
T becme the Olympic champin in the individual (个人) all-arund event, Gabby Duglas had t leave everything she 1.D best.She had t pack up her bedrm in Virginia.She had t say 2.A t her tw dgs and t the beach, where she lved t 3.C waves n her bard.But it was 4.B t take the leap (飞跃), hwever 5.B it wuld be.Even at 14, Duglas knew that.S she 6.D abut 1,200 miles away frm hme, t train with a cach frm China.She lived with a family she had never 7.A and everything was new t her.
As it turned ut, Duglas did 8.C what she needed t d t becme Olympic champin when she 9.A tw Russians.The Chinese cach transfrmed Duglas int ne f the best gymnasts in the wrld, helping her skyrcket frm an 10.C member f the natinal team t the tp f the sprt.By 11.C the Olympic all-arund title, she became the first black wman t d s.She led the cmpetitin frm beginning t end.She said she had felt 12.A all alng that she wuld win.
Nt s lng ag, Martha Karly the crdinatr (联络人) f the wmen's natinal team, did nt think Duglas had what it 13.D t be an Olympian.As time went by, she thught 14.B that she culd make the Lndn Games—and win.
“I'm ging t inspire s many peple，” she said.“I'm ready t 15.A .” And shine she did.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Duglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，不得不远离家乡，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终Duglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。
1．A.tried B．thught
C．judged D．knew
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Duglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。根据下文的“ her bedrm”“ her tw dgs”“the beach, where she lved t 3 waves n her bard”可知，Gabby Duglas放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方。A.try尝试；B.think思考；C.judge判断；D.knw知道，熟悉。故选D。
2．A.gdbye B．hell
C．thanks D．n
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。由上文“Gabby Duglas had t leave everything”可知，Gabby Duglas要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见。say gdbye t 意为 “与……告别”。故选A。
3．A.cause B．bserve
C．ride D．strike
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。ride the waves意为“冲浪”。A.cause引起；B.bserve观察；C.ride骑，漂浮；D.strike打击。故选C。
4．A.cmmn B．time
C．fun D．tugh
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。根据空前的but可知，该句与前文描述不舍得熟悉的一切构成转折，故“是时候该迈出这一步了”符合语境，It is time t d sth.意为“是时候做某事了”。A.cmmn平民，普通；B.time时间；C.fun乐趣；D.tugh艰难的，强硬的。故选B。
5．A.breathtaking B．heartbreaking
C．eye-catching D．head-spinning
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。上文提到的Gabby Duglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切，可知放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心。A.breathtaking激动人心的；B.heartbreaking令人心碎的，令人伤心的；C.eye-catching引人注目的；D.head-spinning头晕的。故选B。
6．A.drpped ut B．mved n
C．pulled ver D．went ff
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以她离家1 200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。由下文“abut 1,200 miles away frm hme”可知，Gabby Duglas到了一个离家1 200英里的地方。A.drp ut退出；B.mve n继续；C.pull ver靠边停车；D.g ff离开。故选D。
7．A.met B．helped
C．understd D．needed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。由下文“everything was new t her”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，A.meet遇到，见过；B.help帮助；C.understand理解；D.need需要。故选A。
8．A.apprximately B．gradually
C．exactly D．pssibly
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，Duglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。由下文“she became the first black wman t d s”可知，Gabby Duglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，因此Gabby Duglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A.apprximately大约；B.gradually逐渐地；C.exactly准确地，完全；D.pssibly可能地。故选C。
9．A.defeated B．pleased
C．respected D．assisted
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。由上文“what she needed t d t becme Olympic champin”和下文“the Olympic all-arund title, she became the first black wman t d s”可知，Duglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军。A.defeat打败；B.please使高兴；C.respect尊敬；D.assist帮助。故选A。
10．A.amateur B．elected
C．average D．enthusiastic
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Duglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。由下文“t the tp f the sprt”可知，Duglas从国家队的普通队员成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A．amateur业余爱好的；B.elected当选的；C.average平均的，普通的；D.enthusiastic热情的。故选C。
11．A.clarifying B．defending
C．winning D．demanding
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。由下文“the Olympic all-arund title, she became the first black wman t d s”可知，Duglas赢得奥运会全能冠军。A.clarify分类；B.defend打败；C.win赢得；D.demand要求。故选C。
12．A.cnfident B．nervus
C．excited D．uneasy
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。由上文“She led the cmpetitin frm beginning t end.(她在比赛中始终领先。)”可知，Duglas一直坚信自己会赢。A.cnfident自信的，坚信的；B.nervus紧张的；C.excited兴奋的；D.uneasy不安的。故选A。
13．A.viewed B．appeared
C．mattered D．tk
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karly还认为Duglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。由下文“t be an Olympian”可知，“需要”符合语境。A.view看待；B.appear出现；C.matter重要；D.take需要。故选D。
14．A.nw and then B．mre and mre
C．far and wide D．n and n
解析：考查短语辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够在伦敦奥运会上获胜。由上文“As time went by”和下文“that she culd make the Lndn Games—and win”可知，mre and mre“越来越多”符合语境。A.nw and then时不时地；B.mre and mre越来越多；C.far and wide广泛地；D.n and n不断地。故选B。
15．A.shine B．fly
C．dance D．scre
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备好发光了”。由上文“I'm ging t inspire s many peple，”和下文“And shine she did.”可知，Duglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人。A.shine照耀，发光；B.fly飞行；C.dance跳舞；D.scre得分。故选A。