宁夏吴忠市滨河中学2022-2023学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题(含答案)

这是一份宁夏吴忠市滨河中学2022-2023学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题(含答案)，共17页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，首字母填空，单句改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland’s best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin TimesMnday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admissin t the exhibitin: 17.15. There is n re-admissin.
Clsed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admissin
£4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f £2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
1、What is the right time fr attending Raeburn’s English Cntempraries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct.B. Thurs. 30 Oct.C. Thurs. 6 Nv.D. Thurs.13 Nv.
2、Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A. £4.B. £8.C. £12.D. £16.
3、Hw can full-time students get grup discunts?
A. They shuld g n Sunday mrnings.
B. They shuld cme frm art schls.
C. They must be led by teachers.
D. They must have ID cards with them.
What is a gd excuse t ask fr sme time ff? At yur schl, sickness may be the nly ne. But in British schls, family events are als well-accepted nes. The Natinal Assciatin f Head Teachers in the UK has written new guidelines abut students asking fr leave. They will allw parents t take their children ut f schl fr family weddings r funerals (葬礼) r visiting an ill relative.
This is a change frm the 2013 guidelines that stpped parents taking children ut f schl withut permissin. Otherwise, they culd have gt a fine f 60 punds (abut 600 yuan) r faced curt. Family events were nt prper excuses t get permissin.
Many parents cmplained abut this rule.
“Taking family events is very imprtant fr children’s grwth and that is a lessn the schls cannt ever teach ur children.” Jhn Hemming, chairman f Parents Want a Say Organizatin, tld The Independent.
The new change supprts this idea and gives permissin t students taking time ff fr family events. It’s nw OK fr British students t take time ff fr family events.
In China, hwever, many students rarely have time ff fr family events.
“That’s part f the reasn fr the generatin gap (代沟) between parents and children,” Gu Hngxia, a researcher at Natinal Institute f Educatin Sciences, wrte in China Educatin Daily.
4、In Chinese schls ________ is a gd excuse t ask fr time ff.
A. any excuseB. nly sicknessC. schl sprtD. family events
5、In the UK nw, parents wn’t be allwed t take ut their children ut f schl because f ________.
A. family weddingsB. family funerals
C. fishing rganizatinD. visiting an ill relative
6、Befre 2013, ________ culd get a fine r face curt after taking children ut withut permissin in the UK.
A. Parents Want a SayB. the head teachers f the schl
C. children’s teachersD. children’s parents
7、Accrding t the passage, we knw that ________.
A. in the UK, there’s a big generatin gap between parents and children
B. in China, many students seldm have time ff fr family events
C. there’s n difference between the rules f taking time ff in the wrld
D. all the students aren’t allwed t take time ff fr family events
Nthing culd stp Dad. After he was put n disability fr a bad back, he bught a small farm in the cuntry, just enugh t grw fd fr the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees fr hney.
And every week he cleaned Old Man McClgin's chicken huse in exchange fr manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside f yur nse. When we cmplained abut the terrible smell, Dad said the strnger the manure, the healthier the crps, and he was right. Fr example, just ne f his cantalupes filled the entire huse with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.
As the vegetables started cming in, Dad threw himself int cking. One day, armed with a basket f vegetables, he annunced he was ging t make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled ut a pressure cker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, ptates, crns, nins and carrts. Fr abut half an hur, the pressure built and the vegetables cked. Finally, Dad turned ff the stve, the pt began t cl and the pressure relief valve sprayed ut a clud f steam. If we thught Dad's pile f chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times wrse. When Dad tk ff the lid, the smell nearly kncked us ut.
Dad carried the pt ut and we pened drs and windws t air ut the huse. Just hw bad was it? The neighbrs came ut f their huses t see if we had a gas leak!
Determined, Dad filled ur plates with steaming stew and passed them arund. It didn’t lk that bad, and after the first wave had shut dwn my ability t smell, it didn’t ffend the nse s much, either. I tk a taste. It wuld never win a prize in a cking cmpetitin, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drp f sup!
8、Why did Dad clean Old Man Mclgin’s chicken huse regularly?
A. T earn sme mney fr the family.B. T cllect manure fr his crps.
C. T get rid f the terrible smell.D. T set a gd example t us.
9、What can we infer abut Dad’s stew?
A. It is ppular amng the neighbrs.B. It cntains hney and vegetables.
C. It lks very wnderful.D. It tastes quite delicius.
10、What des the underlined wrd “ffend” in the last paragraph mean?
A. T attract.B. T upset.C. T air.D. T shut.
11、What can we learn abut Dad frm the text?
A. He is an experienced ck.B. He is a trublesme father.
C. He has a psitive attitude t life.D. He suffers a lt frm his disability.
Alng with silk and paper,gunpwder is anther inventin by Chinese and the Silk Rad helped it spread t the West. The dating f gunpwder is as early as 850 AD. The Chinese used gunpwder t make firewrks and fr signal flares. Gunpwder was als thught t have been used in medicine and in alchemy(炼金术). This inventin seems t have been discvered in China by accident —by alchemists when ding experiments.
The gunpwder used fr military purpse was first recrded in 919 AD. By the 11th century,explsive bmbs filled with gunpwder were intrduced and used in China. The wrds “fire cannn” “rcket” and “fireball” appeared time and again in the fficial Sng histry as well as tw ther bks written during the same perid.
The first detailed descriptin f using the “fire cannn” in warfare was in cnnectin with a battle fught in 1126 when the Sng army used it against the invading enemy. The s-called “ fire cannn” was a tube made f bamb filled with gunpwder which, when fired, threw a flaming missile twards the enemy. Accrding t a descriptin f a battle scene in 1132, it tk tw persns t carry a “fire cannn”, and the cannns were fired frm a mving platfrm. And this platfrm had t be mved clse t the wall f the besieged(被围攻的) city.
Gunpwder reached Japan, the Islamic cuntries and then Eurpe in the 13th century, and the Arabs imprved gunpwder fr military use. The early accunt f gunpwder in Eurpe was recrded by English philspher Rger Bacn in the 13th century. One century later the Arabs used it t attack the Spanish twn Baza and the next year in 1326 Flrence rdered the manufacturing f cannn and cannn balls. Frm Italy the making f gunpwder sn spread t ther Eurpean cuntries, and by the 1350s it had becme an effective weapn n the battlefield.
12、Gunpwder was discvered _________.
A. by alchemists when they had an accident
B. by alchemists after studying it fr a lng time
C. accidentally by alchemists
D. experimentally by alchemists
13、Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe a “fire cannn”?
A. Cnvenient.B. Heavy.C. Useless.D. Simple.
14、It can be inferred frm the passage that _______.
A. “fire cannns” at early times wuld be less helpful if they were far away frm the bject
B. alchemists devted themselves t the study f gunpwder
C. the Silk Rad spread t the West because f the inventin f gunpwder
D. the first detailed descriptin f using “fire cannns” in warfare was in 1132
15、What is the best title f the passage?
A. Pwerful Fire CannnsB. Fur Inventins f Ancient China
C. The Discvery f the AlchemyD. Gunpwder
二、七选五
16、In tday’s wrld English has becme a glbal language. Speaking r writing in English is a matter f glbal interest these days, fr it is nw a requirement fr being able t cmmunicate with the uter wrld. ①_______.
Enthusiasm（热情）
The first thing yu need t have is an enthusiasm t reach yur gal. The mst imprtant thing yu have t have is emtinal devtin（情感，承诺）with yur desire t learn English quickly. ②_______.
③_______
Yu pass by a lt f things in English that yu meet with in yur day-t-day life. Things culd include magazines, emails, psts n scial media, websites, a piece f literary wrk（文学作品）r a newspaper. Read them because yu never knw what is waiting fr yu in there. Yu might find that a lt f things are already knwn t yu but the cntent will surely be full f new vcabulary allwing yu t imprve faster.
Keep a nte f the new wrds
④_______. It’s a bit mre imprtant that yu keep a handy ntebk with yu and whenever yu learn a new wrd r expressin, write dwn the cntext alng with the wrd. Use the wrd in a sentence and nte the meaning, t. Smetimes yu may find frgetting a certain wrd r phrase seems impssible. ⑤_______. S, t prevent this yu need t keep visiting yur pages and g thrugh the ntes yu have made time and time again.
A. Dn’t just mve n after reading
B. Read everything yu may cme acrss
C. Dn’t let yurself dwn if yu face a difficulty
D. Hwever, being a human being yu are built t frget
E. Yu wn’t achieve success if yu aren’t enthusiastic enugh
F. By fllwing these tips yu will imprve the language quickly
G. Spend the mst f yur time in either listening r reading in English
三、完形填空
The mst 1 trnades have winds f ver 400 km per hur. They can take cars, trains and even huses t ther places, and als take the fur r 2 ff an animal. Almst all trnades 3 in the US. On average, there're 800 each year, making 80 peple dead and 1500 injured. The wrst ne was in 1925, 4 ver 700 deaths and 2,700 injuries.
Hurricanes have winds f 120 km per hur r mre which cause huge 5 ,heavy rain and flds. There’re six Atlantic hurricanes each year 6 . The wrst and mst 7 ne was in 1900 in Galvestn, Texas. 8 , it caused 6,000 deaths and destryed 3,600 buildings. Charles Cghlan, a nineteenth-century Irish actr, died and was buried in Texas in 1899. The cemetery was destryed by the hurricane and his cffin 9 in the sea. Eight years later, the cffin was fund in the east f Canada, 3,000 km away frm where Cghlan was 10 .
17、A. trpicalB. vilentC. frtunateD. previus
18、A. furnitureB. ashC. feathersD. clumns
19、A. ccurB. warnC. strikeD. erupt
20、A. causingB. ruiningC. experiencingD. flding
21、A. wavesB. lightningC. eruptinD. lava
22、A. in allB. abve averageC. at allD. n average
23、A. wrldwideB. terrifyingC. activeD. striking
24、A. SadlyB. LuckilyC. HpefullyD. Thankfully
25、A. picked upB. tk ffC. put utD. ended up
26、A. damagedB. ruinedC. buriedD. struck
One f the mst imprtant sectins f the Human Develpment Reprt is the Human Develpment Index. The Index 1 a cuntry’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy, educatin and incme. The 2 has sme surprises. Nrway is 3 the list, while the US is at number 7. The bttm ten cuntries are all African cuntries. China is in the middle f the list. It is ne f the examples f successful 4 . China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 millin peple mved ut f 5 . Hwever, a great many peple in 6 cuntries are facing prblems f fd. Over half f wh get 7 are in Suth Asia r Africa. In develping cuntries abut 115 millin children are nt 8 . And 9 mre than 1 billin peple dn’t have safe water t drink, s the reprt suggests that we need t make greater 10 in the future.
27、A. develpsB. measuresC. pllutesD. educates
28、A. indexB. similarityC. charityD. transprt
29、A. similar tB. clse tC. at the tp fD. at the bttm f
30、A. incmeB. develpmentC. turismD. industry
31、A. lcatinB. psitinC. pllutinD. pverty
32、A. pllutedB. develpingC. develpedD. industrial
33、A. hmelessB. prC. hungryD. unfrtunate
34、A. educatedB. smartC. similarD. crwded
35、A. similarlyB. unfrtunatelyC. interestinglyD. thugh
36、A. effrtsB. prgressC. frtuneD. gals
四、语法填空
37、Their wrk _______(influence) ther writers ever since. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38、Nrway is _______ the tp f the list, while the US is at number 7. (用适当的词填空)
39、Paris is visited _______ mre than eight millin turists every year.(用适当的词填空)
40、Ancient China was a place _______ states were ften at war with each ther. (用适当的词填空)
41、We are in the regin ________ which printing was first invented.(用适当的词填空)
42、The wind is smetimes strng enugh _______(mve) sand dunes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43、Trnades can pick _______ cars, trains and even huses.(用适当的词填空)
44、T prevent it _______(cme), the gvernment is planting trees. (所给词的适当形式填空)
五、首字母填空
45、Hurricanes usually _______ (发生) in the suthern Atlantic Ocean.（根据中英文提示填空）
46、Sandstrms have been a m_______ (主要的）disaster fr many Asian cuntries fr centuries. （根据中英文提示填空）
六、单句改错
47、Abut tw-thirds f France’s artists and writers lives in Paris.
48、It’s an agreement between twns r cities similar size and age.
49、On average, there are 800 trnades in the US each year, caused abut 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
50、They are ften thick that yu cannt see the sun.
51、Treat thers t the way yu want t be treated.
52、The Three Grges Dam, in which is the biggest cnstructin prject in China since the building f the Great Wall and the Grand Canal.
53、Mst f the tallest buildings in the wrld were built in 1990s and in the twenty-first century.
54、Cnfucius is the philspher wh influence has been the greatest.
55、I can’t help but t feel very cncerned.
56、They can take the fur up the back f a cat and feathers ff a chicken.
七、书面表达
57、垃圾已成为一个严重的环境问题。假如你是李华，请你给某英语杂志社的编辑写一封信反映这个情况，说明垃圾的危害以及处理办法。要点如下：
1. 垃圾的现状和危害；
2. 说明处理垃圾的办法：分类放进不同的垃圾桶里；提高环保意识；
3. 自己的看法。
注意:
1.词数120左右，开头结尾已经为你写好(不计入总词数);
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾 rubbish
分类放进不同的垃圾桶里 put int different dustbins
提高环保意识 raise awareness f envirnmental prtectin
Dear editr,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案
1、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburn's English Cntempraries部分中的“Thursday 30 Oct.”可知，去听这一讲座合适的时间是10月30日星期四，故选B项。
2、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据Admissin 部分“£4.Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知,一对夫妇带两个12岁以下的孩子看画展，两个孩子免费，只需支付两个大人的门票即可，即8英镑。
3、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special lw entrance charge f £2 per persn is available t all in full-time rganised grups with teachers.”可知,全日制学生加入教师组织的团体可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领，故选C项。
4、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据What is a gd excuse t ask fr sme time ff? At yur schl, sickness may be the nly ne, but in British schls, family events are als well-accepted nes. 什么是请假的好借口？在你的学校，疾病可能是唯一的，但在英国学校，家庭活动也被广泛接受。可知在中国，仅仅疾病是请假的好借口。故答案为：B。
5、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据They will allw parents t take their children ut f schl fr family weddings（婚礼） r funerals（葬礼）r visiting an ill relative. 可知他们将允许父母带孩子离开学校参加家庭婚礼（或葬礼）或探望生病的亲戚。故答案为：C。
6、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据"Taking family events is very imprtant fr children grwth and that in itself a lessn the schls cannt ever teach ur children, " Jhn Hemming, chairman f Parents Want A Say rganizatin, tld The Independent.可知 "参加家庭活动对孩子们的成长非常重要，而这本身就是学校永远不能教给孩子们的一课，" 家长会主席约翰海明（jhn hemming）对《独立报》说。故答案为：D。
7、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段的In China, hwever, many students rarely have time ff fr family events.可知在中国，许多学生很少有时间参加家庭活动。故答案为：B。
8、答案：B
解析：
9、答案：D
解析：
10、答案：B
解析：
11、答案：C
解析：
12、答案：C
解析：
13、答案：B
解析：
14、答案：A
解析：
15、答案：D
解析：
16、答案：①-⑤FEBAD
解析：
17、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最猛烈的龙卷风时速超过400公里。A. trpical热带的；B.vilent猛烈的；C.frtunate幸运的；D.previus先前的。由后文have winds f ver 400 km per hur可知，句子表示“最猛烈的龙卷风时速超过400公里”，故选 B.
18、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们可以把汽车、火车甚至房子带到其他地方，也可以把动物的皮毛或羽毛扯下来。A. furniture家具；B.ash灰；C.feathers羽毛；D.clumns专栏。由上文“the fur”和下文“ff an animal”可知，句子表示“把动物的皮毛或羽毛扯下来”，故选C。
19、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国。A.ccur发生；B.wamn警告；C.strike打，撞；D.erupt 喷发。由后文“in the US”可知，几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，故选A。
20、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：最严重的一次发生在1925年，造成700多人死亡，2700多人受伤。A.causing造成；B. ruining毁坏；C.experiencing经历；D.flding淹没。由“ver 700 deaths and 2,700 injuries”可知，此处说的是结果，因此空格处 是“造成”，故选A。
21、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：飓风的风速达到每小时120公里或更高，会引发巨浪、暴雨和洪水，A.waves波浪；B. lightning闪电；C.eruptin喷发；D.lava岩浆。由后文“heavy rain and flds”可知，飓风的风速达到每小时120公里或更高，会引发巨浪、暴雨和洪水。故选A。
22、答案：D
解析：考查固定短语辨析。句意：大西洋平均每年有六次飓风。A.in all总共；B.abve average高于平均水平；C.at all（否定句）根本；D.n average平均。由上文“There're six Atlantic hurricanes each year”可知，大西洋平均每年有六次飓风。故选D。
23、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最糟糕最恐怖的一次发生在1900年的德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿。A.wrldwide世界范围的；B.terrifying可怕的；C.active积极的；D.striking惊人的。由后文“it caused 6,000 deaths and destryed 3,600 buildings”可知, 这次飓风很可怕，故选B.
24、答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，它造成了6000人死亡，摧毁了3600栋建筑。A.Sadly可悲的是；B.Luckily幸运 的是；C.Hpefully有希望地；D.Thankfully值得庆幸的是。由后文“it caused 6,000 deaths and destryed 3,600 buildings”可知，它造成了6000人死亡，摧毁了3600栋建筑，这是可悲的，故选A。
25、答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：墓地被飓风摧毁了，他的棺材掉进了海里。A.picked up捡起；B.tk ff起飞；C.put ut 扑灭；D.ended up最后。由后文“in the sea”可知，句子表示“他的棺材最后掉进了海里”，故选D。
26、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：8年后，这具棺木在距离科格伦埋葬地3000公里的加拿大东部被发现。A.damaged损害； B.ruined毁坏；C.buried埋葬；D.struck打，撞。由上文“the cffin”可知，这具棺木在距离科格伦埋葬地3000公里的加拿大东部被发现。故选C.
27、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：该指数从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：预期寿命、教育和收入。A.develps发展；B. measures衡量，测量；C.pllutes污染；D.educates教育。根据主语The Index(该指数)以及句意中的三个方面可知，它以此“衡量”一个国家的成就，故选B。
28、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该指数有一些惊讶。A.index指数；B.similariy相似点；C.charity慈善机构；D.transprt 运输，根据上文“The Index”可推知，此处指的是The Index(该指数)。故选A.
29、答案：C
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：挪威排在榜首，美国排在第七位。A.similar t与……相似；B.clse t靠近；C.at the tp f 在……顶端，榜首；D.at the bttm f在……底部，末尾。根据the list可知，此处指的是在榜单中的排名，结合下文“The bttm ten cuntries are all African cuntries.”可知挪威不在末端，结合常识和选项可知，挪威应位于榜首，故选C.
30、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是成功发展的例子之一。A.incme收入；B.develpment发展；C.turism旅游；D. industry工厂。根据下文“China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China.150 millin peple mved ut f _ 5_”可知，中国在过去的时期不断发展，所以中国处于榜单中间说明了这是成功发展的例子，故选B.
31、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去十年中，中国有1.5亿人脱贫。A.lcatin位置；B.psitin位置，职位；C. pllutin污染；D.pverty贫困，贫穷，根据前文可知中国近些年取得了很成功的发展，再结合常识，可知，此处说明中国有1.5亿人“脱贫”，故选D。
32、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析，句意：然而，发展中国家的许多人面临着粮食问题。A.plluted污染的；B.develping发展中的;C. develped发达的;D. industrial工业的。根据下文"Over half f wh get ___7__ are in Suth Asia r Africa."可知,发展中国家面临着巨大的“粮食问题”，故选B。
33、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析，句意：一半以上的饥饿人口在南亚或非洲，A. hmeless无家可归的；B.pr 贫穷的；C. hungry饥饿的；D.unfrtunate不幸的。根据上文提到“发展中国家面临着粮食问题”，可知，一半以上的饥饿人口在这些地区。 故选C。
34、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在发展中国家，约有1.15亿儿童未受教育。A.educated教育的；B. smart聪明的；C. similar 相似的；D.crwded拥挤的。根据常识和该指数从寿命，教育和收入三方面进行衡量可知，此处谈到了发展中国家的教育现状，有很多儿童未能受教育，故选A。
35、答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，超过10亿人没有安全的饮用水，因此报告建议我们今后需要做出更大的努力。A.similarly相似地；B.unfrtunately不幸地；C.interestingly有趣地；D.thugh尽管。根据“mre than I billin peple dn't have safe water t drink”可知，超过10亿人没有安全的饮用水，这是不幸的，故选B.
36、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析，句意：不幸的是，超过10亿人没有安全的饮用水，因此报告建议我们今后需要做出更大的努力，A.effrs努力；B.prgres进步；C.frtune运气，命运；D.gals目标，根据“超过10亿人没有安全的饮用水”的现状可推知，报告建议我们今后需做出更多“努力”，故选A。
37、答案：has influenced
解析：
38、答案：at
解析：
39、答案：by
解析：分析句子可知，本句用了被动语态，空处应填介词by引出动作的执行者。故填：by。
40、答案：where
解析：此处a place做先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语。故填：where。
41、答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意：我们在印刷术最早发明的地区。分析可知，空格处是“介词+which”引导的定语从句，regin意为“地区”，表示“在那个地区”应用介词in。故填in。
42、答案：t mve
解析：考查不定式。"be+形容词+enugh +t d"是固定用法，意为“足够……可以做某事”，因此空格处是不定式t mve。故填：t mve。
43、答案：up
解析：根据句意可知，空处应填up构成短语pick up，表示“拿起；提起”。故填：up。
44、答案：cming
解析：根据句意及句子结构，要填入动词，结合prevent sb/sth（frm)ding sth. “阻止某人做某事”可知，此处应填动名词形式。故填：cming。
45、答案：ccur
解析：根据句意结合首字母及提示词“发生”，考虑ccur，不及物动词，本句陈述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语hurricanes是复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填：ccur。
46、答案：majr
解析：“主要的”majr，形容词，在句子中作定语，修饰名词disaster。故填：majr。
47、答案：Abut tw-thirds f France’s artists and writers in Paris.
解析：考查时态和主谓一致，句意：法国大约三分之二的艺术家和作家居住在巴黎，“分数+名词”后的谓语形式取决于名词的数，“artists and writers”是复数，因此其后谓语动词用复数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此谓语是live，故将lives改为live.
48、答案：It’s an agreement between twns r cities similar size and age.
解析：考查介词。句意：它是大小和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一种协议。f similar size and age表示“大小和年代相似”，f表示一种属性，故在cities和similar之间加f。
49、答案：On average, there are 800 trnades in the US each year, abut 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
解析：考查现在分词。句意：美国平均每年发生800次龙卷风，造成约80人死亡，1500人受伤。句中are是谓语，cause作非谓语动词，前面所描述的事情和cause之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词causing表主动，故将caused改为causing。
50、答案：They are ften thick that yu cannt see the sun.
解析：考查结果状语从句。句意：它们通常很厚，以至于你看不到太阳。“s+形容词副词+that.”是固定用法，意为“如此……以至于……”，故在ften和thick之间加s。
51、答案：Treat thers the way yu want t be treated.
解析：考查介词。句意：己所不欲，勿施于人。in 是固定短语，意为“以某种方式”，故将t改为in。
52、答案：The Three Grges Dam, which is the biggest cnstructin prject in China since the building f the Great Wall and the Grand Canal.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：三峡大坝是中国自长城和大运河修建以来最大的建设项目。“is the biggest cnstructin prject in China since the building f the Great Wall and the Grand Canal.”是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词"The Three Grges Dam"是物，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，故去掉逗号后面的in。
53、答案：Mst f the tallest buildings in the wrld were built in 1990s and in the twenty-first century.
解析：考查定冠词。句意：世界上最高的建筑大多建于20世纪90年代和21世纪，in the 1990s是固定用法，意为“在20世纪90年代”，故在in和1990s之间加the。
54、答案：Cnfucius is the philspher influence has been the greatest.
解析：考查定语从句。句意：孔子是影响最大的哲学家。“influence has been the greatest”是定语从句，influence和philspher是所属关系，用关系代词whse表所属，在从句中作定语，故将wh改为whse。
55、答案：I can’t help but feel very cncerned.
解析：考查固定短语。句意：我不禁感到非常担心。can't help but d是固定短语，意为“忍不住做”，故去掉t。
56、答案：They can take the fur the back f a cat and feathers ff a chicken.
解析：考查介词。句意：它们能把猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽毛都剥掉。由“the back f a cat and feathers ff a chicken”可知，句子表示“它们能把猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽毛都剥掉”，take sth. ff sth.意为“从某物身上去掉某物”，故将up改为ff。
57、答案：
Dear Editr,
Rubbish is nw ne f the majr envirnmental prblems.
With the increasing ppulatin, masses f rubbish are prduced every day and sme rubbish des great harm t the envirnment. It pllutes the air, the sil and the water. Tday it is evident that many cities are trubled by muntains f rubbish, which nt nly has a bad effect n ur daily life but results in serius diseases.
In a nutshell, we must find a better way t deal with rubbish. First f all, rubbish shuld be put in different places accrding t whether they can be recycled r nt. Secndly, we must make every citizen aware f the imprtance.
Besides, everybdy must realize that it is everybdy’s duty t keep the envirnment clean. As far as I’m cncerned, it is urgent that laws must be passed n hw t deal with rubbish.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：
An Intrductin t RaeburnSunday 26 Oct., 15:00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn’s English CntemprariesThursday 30 Oct., 13:10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in Raeburn’s Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13:10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv., 13:10
MARTIN POSTLE