专题03 阅读理解说明文&议论文-备战2023-2024学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）（原卷版）

这是一份专题03 阅读理解说明文&议论文-备战2023-2024学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）（原卷版），共21页。试卷主要包含了Brrriiinnng等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.（2023上·北京昌平·高二统考期末）Scientists are getting a better lk at the universe thanks t the new James Webb Space Telescpe ( JWST)—the largest, mst pwerful space telescpe ever built. It was sent int space n a rcket n Dec. 25, 2021 and is nw lcated abut 1. 6 millin kilmetres away frm Earth. It mves arund the sun, keeping in line with Earth.
Scientists released the first images taken by the telescpe in July 2022. One f these images shws the mst distant view f the universe ever seen. Other images frm the JWST include Jupiter and Mars, as well as tw explanets (planets nt in ur wn slar system). The telescpe has als captured (捕获) images f the Suthern Ring Nebula, a clud f gas surrunding a dying star, as well as the Carina Nebula, where newly frming stars can be seen.
The JWST bserves nly infrared light. The further away smething is in the universe, the lnger it takes fr its light t reach us n Earth. As light travels thrugh space, it stretches ut int lnger and lnger wavelengths. As it gets lnger, it becmes invisible t humans, and is called infrared light.
Because the JWST sees infrared light, it is able t see further away—and further back in time—than ther telescpes. It als recrds mre details f the bjects it bserves. Scientists hpe this will help them learn mre abut the rigins f the universe, and better understand things like black hles, r hw planets and galaxies are frmed.
The images the telescpe sends back t Earth d nt lk like the phtgraphs we see frm scientists. Because the JWST recrds nly infrared light, the images it sends back appear black t a human eye. Hwever, they actually cntain many different shades f grey that represent different wavelengths f infrared light.
Scientists wrking with the images use filters ( 过滤器) t separate the different wavelengths. Then they give each wavelength a different clur s it can be seen by a human eye. When all f these filtered layers (层) f clur are cmbined, they create the clurful pictures that scientists send ut. Adding clur t the images nt nly makes them mre interesting fr peple t lk at. It als helps scientists see mre details in the images, which will help them better understand what they are lking at.
1．Accrding t Paragraph 3, the infrared light________.
A．is the light frm nearby stars
B．cannt be seen by human eyes
C．reaches the earth earlier than ther lights
D．travels in space with shrter wavelength
2．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The pictures sent back by JWST are beautiful.
B．JWST ges arund in the same way as the sun des.
C．The frmatin f the black hles was recrded by JWST.
D．JWST has shwn the farthest view f the universe by nw.
3．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Hw scientists use JWST t take phts.
B．Why JWST is better than ther telescpes.
C．What scientists discvers in space with JWST.
D．Hw JWST helps scientists explre the space.
2.（2023上·北京昌平·高二统考期末）Surrunding Science
A new Science Museum app explres cmmn bjects in the wrld arund yu. If yu’ve played the mbile game Pkémn G, yu’ll knw that its mnsters can be fund wherever yu walk. Nw the technlgy behind that game is being used fr a new app frm the Science Museum.
It’s called Wnderlab AR and is free t dwnlad frm the app stres n Apple and Andrid mbile phnes. The aim is t encurage peple t get utside and learn abut the science in ur everyday envirnment—frm traffic lights and electric car charging pints t cashpints, telephnes and even tilets. Instead f catching mnsters, in this game yu’re lking fr “discveries” (as the app calls them) frm different fields f science: including electricity, frces, light, maths and sund. The app uses augmented-reality (AR) technlgy frm a cmpany called Niantic, which is best knwn as the develper f Pkémn G.
That’s why Wnderlab AR lks quite a lt like that game, shwing yu a map f the “discveries” in yur current lcatin in the real wrld. Yu’ll see them n the map but t cllect them, yu have t walk t their real-wrld lcatin. Althugh the Science Museum is in Lndn, the app wrks anywhere in the cuntry and there are lts f things t discver near yu.
Alngside the app, there is als a new website frm the Science Museum called Wnderlab+ (tinyurl. cm/TWJ-Wnderlab). This site is fr yung peple aged seven t 15 years ld and is a mixture f fun maths and science hands-n activities, including YuTube vides, nline quizzes, questins and games.
Bth the app and website are based n the Wnderlab galleries that peple can visit at the Science Museum in Lndn and the Natinal Science and Media Museum in Bradfrd, England. The app and website allw peple wh live in ther parts f the UK t learn mre abut the science f everyday bjects and experience the exhibitins.
4．With the new app Wnderlab AR, yu can________.
A．learn abut science arund yu
B．visit the science museum nline
C．catch mnsters like in Pkémn G
D．lcate any science museums nearby
5．Frm the passage, we knw that Wnderlab +________.
A．is designed fr bth children and adults
B．answers peple’s questins abut science
C．shares varius resurces abut science
D．prvides a chance t experiment in the labs
6．The authr writes this passage mainly t________.
A．invite peple t g t the science museum
B．attract children’s attentin t science learning
C．intrduce a new science museum app and a website
D．cmpare the differences between the app and the website
3.（2023上·北京房山·高二统考期末）Crals are cmeback creatures. As the wrld frze and melted and sea levels rse and fell ver 30,000 years, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is rughly the size f Italy, died and revived five times. But nw, due t human activities, crals face the mst cmplex cnditin they have yet had t deal with.
Accrding t the Intergvernmental Panel n Climate change, a rise in glbal temperatures f 1.5℃ culd cause cral reefs t decline 70-90%. The planet is abut 1℃ htter than in the 19th century and its seas are becming warmer, strmier and mre acidic (酸性的). This is already affecting relatins between crals and the single-celled algae (海藻), which give them their clr. When waters becme unusually warm, algae flat away, leaving reefs a ghstly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as ften as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry f the ceans makes it harder fr crals t frm their structures.
If crals g, divers and marine bilgists are nt the nly peple wh will miss them. Reefs take up nly a percent f the sea flr, but supprt a quarter f the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable t their prest human neighbrs, many f whm depend n them as a surce f prtein. Rughly an eighth f the wrld’s ppulatin lives within 100 km f a reef. Crals als prtect 150,000 km f shreline in mre than 100 cuntries and territries frm the ceans buffeting (肆虐), as well as generating billins f dllars in turism revenue.
Cral systems must adapt if they are t survive. They need prtectin frm lcal surces f harm. Their ec-systems suffer frm waste frm farms, building sites and blast fishing. Gvernments need t impse tighter rules n these industrials, such as tugher lcal building cdes, and t put mre effrt int enfrcing rules against verfishing.
Setting up marine prtected areas culd als help reefs. Lcals wh fear fr their livelihds culd be given wrk as rangers with the jb f lking after the reserves. Visitrs t marine parks can be required t pay a special tax, like what has been dne in the Caribbean.
Many reefs that have been damaged culd benefit frm restratin. Cral’s bidiversity ffers hpe, because the same cral will grw differently under different cnditins. Crals f the western Pacific, fr example, can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific, which prves a way frward t encurage crals t grw in new spts.
7．Accrding t the passage, what may happen t cral reefs when waters becme warm?
A．Flating away.B．Changing frms.
C．Turning white.D．Becming acidic.
8．Accrding t Paragraph 4, the gvernments shuld .
A．ban peple frm fishing in the cral reef areas
B．reduce the number f visitrs t the marine parks
C．call n vlunteers t lk after the marine reserves
D．carry ut stricter rules n industries arund the cast
9．Which f the fllwing statements is crrect accrding t the passage?
A．Crals have experienced death and revival fr five times.
B．Reefs play an imprtant part in prtecting the fish diversity.
C．Cral systems suffer frm agriculture, turism and fishing.
D．The grwth f cral has nthing t d with the cnditin.
10．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．T attach mre imprtance t cral reefs prtectin.
B．T present the significance f cral reefs t the wrld.
C．T expse the influence f climate change n cral reefs.
D．T appeal t gvernments fr quick actin t save cral reefs.
4.（2023上·北京房山·高二统考期末）As I read abut Sarah Lh’s jurney t becming the first female chief executive f the Australian Ftball League (AFL) last week, I was encuraged by the resilience (坚韧) she shwed t becme a leader in her sprt, but als disappinted at the unfair treatment she faced t get there.
Lh had t deal with many f the same questins wmen in sprts ften face, such as: “Hw can a wman cach r lead when she has never played sprts?” But as an Asian wman, Lh als faced questins with an added layer f racism: “What wuld a multicultural wman knw abut ftball?”
A recent Victria University survey f 221 diverse wmen made up f current and frmer caches, managers and bard members fund that half f the respndents were unhappy with their leadership rles and that many aspiring leaders believed their gender and backgrund were barriers.
Wmen frm different backgrunds, races, religins, classes and sexual rientatins can smetimes experience multiple layers f injustice depending n the cntext. In rder t address these inequalities, there are practical steps sprting rganizatins can take t create welcming and inclusive envirnments fr wmen in sprts at every level.
In recent years, natinal sprting rganizatins acrss Australia have shwn an increasing cmmitment t and engagement in the prmtin f gender equality and respect t prevent vilence against all wmen. Recgnizing their wn prfile and influence, they have taken active steps t address the drivers f vilence and inequality, including thrugh educatin and awareness-raising prgrams such as Carltn Respects.
Sprts have an influence way beynd the field, curt r green n which they’re played, and they prvide an pprtunity t set and maintain psitive cmmunity standards.
While resilience is a great strength t pssess as a leader, wmen f clr, Abriginal and Trres Strait Islander wmen r thse frm refugee and migrant backgrunds shuldn’t be required t wear such a thick set f armr (防御) t simply wrk in sprts. Surely respect, equality and safety fr all is nt t much t ask fr.
11．What can we learn abut Sarah Lh frm the text?
A．She faced unfair treatment as a player in the AFL.
B．She is the first Chinese chief executive in the AFL.
C．Her sprts achievements made her a leader in the AFL.
D．Her rad t success was hard due t her gender and race.
12．Which measure has been taken t slve the prblem f gender inequality?
A．Strengthening females resilience by training.
B．Establishing mre female sprting rganizatins.
C．Raising public awareness f vilence against wmen.
D．Offering mre pprtunities fr wmen t take sprts.
13．The authr writes this passage t .
A．recgnize the value f female leaders
B．call fr equality and respect fr females
C．encurage mre females t take sprts
D．present the difficulties female leaders face
5.（2023上·北京顺义·高二统考期末）Calligraphy (书法) has been recgnized as ne f the 114 first-level subjects in the cuntry accrding t the latest subject cntent annunced by the Educatin Ministry (教育部). The great attentin frm the public shws hw surprised sme peple feel abut its inclusin n the list.
Calligraphy is an imprtant part f Chinese traditinal culture and an artistic treasure in China. The starting pint f the decisin f the ministry is, f curse, t prmte the develpment f calligraphy art.
In additin, calligraphy and ther subjects in this field are prfessinal matters. The annuncement and change f their plicies shuld take prfessinal pinins int cnsideratin, and shuld nt be easily influenced by the passin t carry frward traditinal culture.
Nw that calligraphy has been set as a first-level subject, the develpment space fr calligraphy teachers and students in clleges and universities has been increased and the level f training can be imprved.
Hwever, if a subject becmes a first-level ne, it is generally necessary t build a cmplete and independent subject system that shws the independence f the subject in teaching and research. Hwever, many excellent calligraphers in China are themselves excellent writers and experts in varius fields. Their calligraphy achievements are nt the result f specialized study f calligraphy, but the crystallizatin (结晶) f integrated quality, knwledge and skills. In this sense, the key feature f calligraphy lies in its penness and it is cnnected with varius subjects. In ther wrds, it raises the questin f whether calligraphy is independent enugh t be a first-level subject.
The ther questin is whether the mve will raise the imprtance f calligraphy in the eyes f primary and secndary schls and parents. That might increase the amunt f wrk f primary and secndary schl students. Is it really necessary t give a branch f the writing arts such a high psitin in the subject system, particularly as it has already becme limited t a small grup f calligraphy lvers rather than a basic writing skill f the educated as it was befre. Nt t mentin the fact that the jb market fr calligraphy learners is quite small.
In practice, clleges and universities shuld prudently design the curses fr the new first-level subject s that the refrm can be beneficial t the develpment f the art frm withut being led t the wrng way, there are still many details and plans fr them t cnsider befre the curses are put int practice. They shuld fcus n imprving the quality f the calligraphy educatin and research instead f simply enlarging scale (规模).
14．Why did the Ministry f Educatin make calligraphy a first-level subject?
A．T help it g further.B．T shw its independence.
C．T build its subject system.D．T make it a cultural treasure.
15．We can knw frm paragraph 5 that calligraphy
A．cannt be imprved by study.
B．is mixed with varius knwledge.
C．des nt need a cmplete subject system.
D．has the independence as a first-level subject.
16．Which f the fllwing statements is crrect accrding t the passage?
A．Calligraphy remains a basic skill tday.
B．Calligraphy is widely enjyed by peple.
C．Parents pay much attentin t calligraphy.
D．There are limited jbs fr calligraphy students.
17．What des the underlined wrd “prudently” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A．Freely.B．Simply.C．Carefully.D．Quickly.
18．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Universities shuld increase their calligraphy students.
B．The refrm will reduce primary schl students’ stress.
C．The develpment f calligraphy depends n universities.
D．Universities need t cnduct mre valuable calligraphy studies.
6.（2023上·北京怀柔·高二统考期末）Yu have prbably heard f the Mzart effect. It’s the idea that if children r even babies listen t music cmpsed by Mzart, they will becme mre intelligent. A quick Internet search reveals plenty f prducts t assist yu in the task. Whatever yur age is there are CDs and bks t help yu taste the pwer f Mzart’s music, but when it cmes t scientific evidence that it can make yu mre clever, the picture is mre mixed.
The phrase “the Mzart effect” was made up in 1991, but it was a study described tw years later in the jurnal Nature that sparked real media and public interest abut the idea that listening t classical music smehw imprves the brain. It is ne f thse ideas that sund reasnable. Mzart was undubtedly a genius himself; his music is cmplex and there is a hpe that if we listen t enugh f it, we’ll becme mre intelligent.
The idea tk ff, with thusands f parents playing Mzart t their children, and in 1998Zell Miller, the Gvernr f the state f Gergia in the US, even asked fr mney t be set aside in the state budget s that every newbrn baby culd be sent a CD f classical music. It was nt just babies and children wh were expsed t Mzart’s music n purpse, even an Italian farmer prudly explained that the cws were played Mzart three times a day t help them prduce better milk.
I’ll leave the debate n the impact n milk yield t farmers, but what abut the evidence that listening t Mzart makes peple mre intelligent? Mre research was carried ut but an analysis f sixteen different studies cnfirmed that listening t music des lead t a temprary imprvement in the ability t handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are shrt-lived and it desn’t make us mre intelligent.
19．What can we learn frm Paragraph 1?
A．Mzart cmpsed many musical pieces fr children.
B．Children listening t Mzart will be mre intelligent.
C．There are few prducts n the Internet abut Mzart’s music.
D．There is little scientific evidence t supprt the Mzart effect.
20．Why did many peple believe in the idea f the Mzart effect?
A．Because a study described it in the jurnal Nature.
B．Because Mzart himself was a genius.
C．Because Mzart’s music is enjyable.
D．Because Mzart’s music makes peple relaxed.
21．What is the authr’s attitude twards the Mzart effect?
A．Favrable.B．Subjective.C．Dubtful.D．Psitive.
7.（2023上·北京通州·高二统考期末）Brrriiinnng. The alarm clck annunces the start f anther busy weekday in the mrning. Yu jump ut f bed, rush int the shwer, int yur clthes and ut the dr with hardly a mment t think. A stressful jurney t wrk gets yur bld pressure climbing. Once at the ffice, yu glance thrugh the newspaper with depressing stries r reprts f disasters. In that srt f md, wh can get dwn t wrk, particularly sme creative, riginal prblem-slving wrk?
The way mst f us spend ur mrnings is exactly ppsite t the cnditins that prmte flexible, pen-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are mst likely t cme t us when we’re unfcused. If yu are ne f thse energetic mrning peple, yur mst inventive time cmes in the early evening when yu are relaxed. Sleepy peple’s lack f fcus leads t an increase in creative prblem slving. By nt giving yurself time t tune int yur wandering mind, yu’re missing ut n the surprising slutins it may ffer.
The trip yu take t wrk desn’t help, either. The stress slws dwn the speed with which signals travel between neurns (神经细胞), making inspiratins less likely t ccur. And while we all shuld read a lt abut what’s ging n in the wrld, it wuld nt make yu feel gd fr sure, s put that news website r newspaper aside until after the day’s wrk is dne.
S what wuld ur mrnings lk like if we wanted t start them with a full capacity fr creative prblem slving? We’d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, fllwing ur thughts where they lead. We’d stand a little lnger under the warm water f the shwer, stpping thinking abut tasks in favr f a few mre minutes f relaxatin. We’d take sme deep breaths n ur way t wrk, instead f cmplaining abut heavy traffic. And nce in the ffice—after we get a cup f cffee—we’d click n links nt t the news f the day but t the funniest vides the web has t ffer.
22．Accrding t the authr, we are mre creative when we are ________.
A．busyB．awakeC．fcusedD．relaxed
23．By “tune int yur wandering mind” in Paragraph 2, the authr means “________”.
A．switch t the traffic channelB．stp cncentrating n anything
C．listen t a beautiful tuneD．wander int the wild
24．The authr writes the last paragraph in rder t ________.
A．advcate diverse ways f lifeB．establish a rutine fr the future
C．ffer practical suggestinsD．summarize past experiences
8.（2023上·北京西城·高二统考期末）Yu may have heard that humans nly use 10 percent f their brain pwer, and that if yu culd unlck the rest f yur brainpwer, yu culd d s much mre. Hwever, there is a pwerful bdy f evidence debunking the 10 percent myth. Scientists have cnsistently shwn that humans use their entire brain thrughut each day.
Despite the evidence, the 10 percent myth has inspired many references in the cultural imaginatin. A 2013 study shwed that abut 65 percent f Americans believed the myth, and a 1998 study shwed that a full third f psychlgy majrs, wh fcus n the wrkings f the brain, fell fr it.
Neurpsychlgy studies hw the anatmy (构造) f the brain affects smene’s behavir, emtin, and cgnitin. Over the years, brain scientists have shwn that different parts f the brain are respnsible fr specific functins. Cntrary t the 10 percent myth, scientists have prven that every part f the brain is integral fr ur daily functining. Many brain imaging studies that measure brain activity when a persn is ding a specific task shw hw different parts f the brain wrk tgether. Fr example, while yu are reading this text n yur smartphne, sme parts f yur brain, including thse respnsible fr visin, reading cmprehensin, and hlding yur phne, will be mre active.
Hwever, sme brain images unintentinally supprt the 10 percent myth, because they ften shw small bright spltches (斑点) n an therwise gray brain. This may imply that nly the bright spts have brain activity, but that isn’t the case. Rather, clred spltches represent brain areas that are mre active when smene’s ding a task cmpared t when they’re nt. The gray spts are still active, just t a lesser degree.
A mre direct cunter t the 10 percent myth lies in individuals wh have suffered brain damage. If the 10 percent myth were true, damage t perhaps 90 percent f the brain wuldn’t affect daily functining. Yet studies shw that damaging even a very small part f the brain may have devastating cnsequences. Fr example, damage t Brca’s area hinders prper frmatin f wrds and fluent speech, thugh general language cmprehensin remains intact.
Anther line f evidence against the 10 percent myth cmes frm evlutin. The adult brain nly cnstitutes 2 percent f bdy mass, yet it cnsumes ver 20 percent f the bdy’s energy. In cmparisn, the adult brains f many vertebrate species—including sme fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals—cnsume 2 t 8 percent f their bdy’s energy. The brain has been shaped by millins f years f natural selectin, which passes dwn favrable traits t increase likelihd f survival. It is unlikely that the bdy wuld dedicate s much f its energy t keep an entire brain functining if it nly uses 10 percent f the brain.
25．What des the underlined phrase “fell fr” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Believed.B．Prved.C．Develped.D．Discvered.
26．Which f the fllwing des the authr prbably agree with?
A．We have a huge ptential fr brain develpment.
B．We cnsume t much bdy energy using ur brain.
C．We rely n every part f ur brain fr daily activities.
D．We can see inactive brain areas by using brain images.
27．Which f the fllwing can best describe the authr’s attitude twards the 10 percent myth?
A．Objective.B．Dubtful.
C．Uncncerned.D．Supprtive.
28．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．What Percentage f the Human Brain Is Used?
B．Hw Can the Human Brain Be Fully Develped?
C．Hw Can the Myth f the Human Brain Be Slved?
D．What Are the Functins f the Different Parts f the Human Brain?
9.（2023上·北京西城·高二统考期末）As digital devices have taken ver sciety, “keybard activity is nw ften recmmended as a replacement fr early handwriting,” a new study ntes. The idea is that typing may be easier fr yung children.
The ptential benefits f handwriting fr learning and memry have been debated fr sme time. The new study set ut t answer tw questins. Hw des handwriting cmpare t using a keybard r drawing when it cmes t learning new infrmatin? And hw similar are handwriting and drawing?
In all, 12 adults and 12 seventh-graders tk part. Researchers asked each f them t write and draw with a digital pen. Each was als asked t type n a keybard. While perfrming these tasks, each vlunteer wre a cap that held electrdes (电极) next t their head. It lked smewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensrs, which recrded the vlunteers’ brainwaves, a type f electrical activity, as EEGs.
The electrdes nted which parts f the brain turned n during each task. And they shwed that the brain activity was abut the same in bth the kids and the adults. Writing turned n memry areas in the brain. Typing didn’t. Drawing images and writing als turned n parts f the brain invlved with learning. Writing even activated language areas.
This suggests, accrding t Van der Meer, the new study’s leader, that when we write by hand, “we bth learn better and remember better.” Her team nw suggests “that children, frm an early age, must be expsed t handwriting and drawing activities in schl.”
These new findings back up ther studies shwing ptential benefits f handwriting, says Jshua Weiner, wh was nt invlved with the new study. His wn students type faster than they can write, he finds. Slwing dwn seems t require them t “think mre” when taking ntes, he says. He adds that this culd “imprve memry and enhance learning.” Weiner cncludes that “writing may be beneficial” as it invlves mre f a “brain respnse”.
Van der Meer recgnizes that learning t write by hand is a slwer prcess. She is als aware that it requires fine mtr skills. But, she adds, “If we dn’t challenge ur brain, it can’t reach its full ptential.”
29．A cap was used in the experiment t ________.
A．give the vlunteers instructins
B．recrd the vlunteers’ every mve
C．help the vlunteers better fcus n the task
D．keep track f the vlunteers’ brain activity
30．What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The tls invented by the researchers.B．The backgrund f the participants.
C．The prcess f the experiment.D．The applicatin f the study.
31．What did the research team find?
A．Typing made the brain mre active.
B．Writing turned n mre areas in the brain.
C．Drawing activated the area related t memry.
D．Adults culd d better than kids in taking ntes.
32．Which f the fllwing wuld Van der Meer prbably agree with?
A．Keybards shuld be used as little as pssible.
B．Requirements fr hand-written ntes will benefit kids.
C．The prcess f writing slws dwn the brain respnse.
D．Typing gives us a chance t imprve memry and learning.
10.（2023上·北京丰台·高二统考期末）University educatrs largely think highly f the wnders f teaching thrugh technlgy, but experts questin whether smething is lst when prfessrs and lecturers rely t heavily n electrnic media r when interactin with students takes place remtely — in cyberspace rather than the real space f the classrm. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, the Prfessr f Literature at Stanfrd University, is ne such expert. “I think this enthusiastic and smetimes childish and blind pushing tward the mre technlgy the better, the mre websites the better teacher, and s frth, is very dangerus — is, indeed, self-destructive,” he indicates.
Hwever, Gumbrecht warns that there are few, if any, studies either supprting r disapprving the assumptin that traditinal ways f teaching are superir t teaching via the Internet. He says that he culd pint nly t his “insight that real classrm presence shuld be kept,” and emphasizes the need fr educatrs t examine critically where technlgy serves a useful pedaggical (教学法的) functin and where it des nt.
Yet, Gumbrecht allws that, fr curses in which knwledge transmissin (传递) is the sle purpse, electrnic media prbably can d the jb well enugh. Indeed, given the 20th century’s knwledge explsin and the increasing csts f higher educatin, using technlgy as ppsed t real-life teachers fr the transmissin f infrmatin is prbably unavidable, he admits. In any case, knwledge transmissin shuld nt be the cre functin f the university he maintains, nting that universities shuld be places where peple deal with pen questins, places fr ‘‘intellectual cmplexity” and “riskfill thinking”.
“We are nt abut finding r transmitting slutins; we are nt abut recipes; we are nt abut making intellectual life easy. Challenges with cmplexity are what expands yur mind. It is smething like intellectual gymnastics. And this is what makes yu a suitable member f the sciety.”
Mrever, discussins in the physical presence f thers can lead t the intellectual innvatin. There’s a qualitative change, and yu dn’t knw hw it happens. Discussins in the physical presence have the pwer f being the catalyst (催化齐) fr such intellectual breakthrughs. The pssibility f in-classrm teaching — f letting smething happen which cannt happen if yu teach by the transmissin f infrmatin — is a strength.
33．What is Prfessr Gumbrecht’s majr cncern abut teaching?
A．The systems f teaching thrugh technlgy.
B．Students’ verdependence n electrnic media.
C．The trend twards the mre technlgy the better.
D．Experts’ questins n remte interactin with students.
34．Prfessr Gumbercht might agree that university educatin shuld ________.
A．replace the real-life teachers fr the increasing csts
B．facilitate slutin transmissin fr the knwledge explsin
C．prepare students fr a well-runded life fr sciety
D．help students establish cre values
35．Accrding t the passage, discussin in the physical presence f thers can________.
A．reduce the intellectual cmplexity
B．be the catalyst fr the qualitative changes
C．lead t swifter and strnger infrmatin transmissin
D．cmbine traditinal teaching ways well with technlgy
36．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cyberspace Interactin
B．Traditinal Teaching Has Its Place
C．The Cre Functin Of The University
D．Infrmatin Transmissin Cannt Help Yu Survive
优选提升提
11.（2023上·北京丰台·高二统考期末）A high schl sccer player leaps int the air, hits the ball with his head and directs it t a teammate. Amid tday’s grwing awareness surrunding head injuries in sprts, wuld wearing helmets prtect the teen and prevent a pssible cncussin(脑震荡)?
Almst nt. Tw tp dctrs wh specialize in sprts helmet injuries—Dr. James Rbinsn and Dr. Larry Lemak, funders f Lemak Sprts Medicine, said that there was n gd scientific evidence that helmets culd reduce the rate f cncussin. Bth f them regarded prper training, nt helmets, as the best cncussin preventin fr sccer players.
That desn’t mean there’s n need t wrry abut sccer cncussins. Fr bys sccer, cncussins accunted fr 23 percent f all game injuries and 10 percent f all practice injuries, accrding t the study. Fr girls sccer, the study fund cncussins accunted fr 36 percent f game injuries and 31 percent f practice injuries.
Knwing that, why isn’t a helmet useful? Isn’t sme prtectin better than nne at all? The dctrs utlined several reasns helmets prvide little prtectin.
First, wearing a helmet makes the head heavier. A heavier upper part may be mre dangerus t the beginners. Secndly—and perhaps mst imprtantly fr girls, whse neck muscles are ften weaker than bys—a helmet makes the head heavier. Imagine a tp-heavy head, Rbinsn said, which increases the risk f falls. Since girls already face a heightened cncussin risk, helmets culd be especially dangerus fr them. Lastly wearing helmets ften gives teens a false sense f security. When helmets were matedated(授权)in hckey, head injuries increased ”because they felt unbeatable. “Smetimes the kids wearing helmets are mre daring,said Chad Harrelsn, bys sccer cach at St. PauPs in Mbile, ‘”because they think they have that added layer f prtectin.,,
Bth caches and dctrs agree n three main ways t prevent sccer cncussins. Firstly, learn prper rules and fllw nrms. Players wh understand sccer’s rules and behave themselves are less likely t put themselves in harm’s way. Secndly, prmte prper technique. Ifs imprtant t have players knw where ther players are psitined. This reduces cntact and can prevent head-t-head cllisins r ther dangerus situatins. Thirdly, strengthen neck muscles which can prtect bth yur necks and heads.
37．What can we learn frm the wrds f tw tp dctrs?
A．High quality helmets are a wise chice.
B．Athletes need wear helmets.
C．Science is n the side f helmets.
D．Helmets prvide little prtectin.
38．The data in paragraph 3 serves as an evidence t shw________.
A．training is the best preventin
B．hw girls players get injured
C．bys are mre likely t be hurt in training
D．why cncussin shuld be cncerned abut
39．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Why helmets are useless.B．Hw helmets wrk.
C．What causes head injuries.D．Whm helmets are fit fr.
40．What des the underlined wrd “nrms” in the last paragraph mean?
A．The early examples.B．The set standards.
C．The suggestins f the athletes.D．The ways f using helmets.
12.（2023上·北京东城·高二统考期末）Lighting has cme a lng way since Tm Edisn lit his first incandescent bulb (白炽灯泡) in the 1880s. LED bulbs are ppping up everywhere nw, n planes, car headlights, in yur phne. And engineers are explring mre ways t use LEDs—everything frm wireless data streaming t secure cmmunicatin systems and in-flight netwrking.
Engineer Harald Haas, c-funder f pureLiFi, explains hw LEDs can be used t transmit infrmatin, “LEDs have the prperty that we can change the light that cmes ut f an LED very, very quickly. That change in the brightness is what we explit in rder t encde data extremely fast, s that a receiver will then see these changes in the light intensity in a way a human eye wuld nt be able t detect. Then we have algrithms (算法) t recver these changes and get back the data stream.”
There are many advantages t using LEDs t transmit infrmatin. Fr ne thing, LEDs can cmmunicate much faster than WiFi. What’s mre, the visible light spectrum (频谱) is abut ten thusand times larger than the radi spectrum. This wuld allw cmmunicatin systems t nt nly use a spectrum that’s already been set up, but vast amunt f free spectrum, which is in cars, in ur LED lights at hme, in streetlights and s n. “It’s ubiquitus. It’s already there,” Haas says.
LiFi wuld als be mre secure than WiFi. Because light can’t g thrugh walls, peple wuld nt be able t lg n t LiFi netwrks in the same way that they’re able t lg n t and eavesdrp n (窃听) nging WiFi cmmunicatins. Haas argues that LiFi wuld als be available in places where cmmunicatin is typically difficult when we can’t use radi.
One interesting applicatin culd be t use car headlights t cmmunicate with ther drivers n the rad. “We can use these LEDs t transmit data frm car t car. Nrmally yu see the car in frnt f yu, but if yu were able t relay high-definitin vide frm, say, three cars in frnt f yu, yu culd see earlier what’s happening. This is a way we can enhance safety n ur rads,” Haas says.
Haas and his cwrkers fresee the LED light industry changing rapidly in the near future t include additinal features. “That is where LiFi plays a key rle. Frm hme sensing f interir, yu’d find ut if peple have fallen dwn and the way yu wuld navigate (导航) indrs. S many, many mre applicatins wuld be pssible with light,” Haas says.
41．What is essential t enable LEDs t send signals?
A．The research wrk by pureLiFi.B．Quickly changing light f LEDs.
C．Cmmn use f LEDs in daily life.D．Accurate analysis f light intensity.
42．What des the sentence “It’s ubiquitus.” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．LiFi’s speed is superfast.B．LED lights are free t use.
C．LEDs are stable in quality.D．Available spectrum is everywhere.
43．Haas mentins the examples in the last tw paragraphs mainly t indicate LiFi’s ________.
A．advantage in securityB．mature applicatin
C．prmising prspectD．rapid upgrades
13.（2023上·北京石景山·高二统考期末）Lately, I’ve been thinking abut my schl life in the 1990s, when in class we were encuraged t express urselves thrugh creative writing, public speaking r perhaps taking part in sme frm f drama. And as we shared ur creativity we were imprving ur cmmunicatin skills. The emphasis here was hw best t cnvey ur thughts as clearly as pssible. Yet it seemed that all spken wrd exercises were being taught nly frm the speaker’s pint f view, with little r n time spent teaching the art f listening.
And that was a missed pprtunity because yung children are remarkable listeners. They take in wrds, ideas and speech patterns, quite ften withut ur awareness. Yet smewhere alng the way, we teach them t stp listening. Perhaps they wuld benefit frm lessns in selective silence, cncentratin, while fcusing n knwing hw t prcess all incming infrmatin. Sadly, t the best f my knwledge, n such prgrams are ffered.
We seem t spend less time actually listening t ne anther. One reasn might be the fact that we have becme a much mre visual sciety as a result f expsure t televisin, the Internet and all manner f hand-held wireless devices. We tend t be mre self-absrbed and primarily fcused n hearing urselves talk rather than listening t thers.
I attended a small family gathering a few years ag and almst everyne, except my 86-year-ld aunt, was cnstantly texting r checking email n their iPhne. It made me wnder why we had bthered t get tgether in the first place as we were paying s little attentin t ne anther. We culd just as easily have had an nline get-tgether.
Listening is indeed a rare and special talent, and ne that takes a lt f practice. But nce yu have gtten cmfrtable with the technique, yu might find yur next face-t-face talk a whle lt mre meaningful. Simply listening fr nuances(细微差别)in cnversatin will prvide s much mre cntext and substance fr the wrds yu are hearing. Remember, in rder t be interesting, yu must first be interested. And in cnversatin, yu are suppsed t be listening, nt waiting t talk.
44．What is the authr’s attitude tward the class in the 1990s?
A．Objective.B．Tlerant.C．Favrable.D．Prejudiced.
45．What might be a reasn that makes us bad listeners accrding t the authr?
A．We have less time t cmmunicate.
B．We have a sense f self-imprtance.
C．The rapid develpment f technlgy.
D．The lack f care and understanding fr thers.
46．What can we learn abut the authr’s family gathering a few years ag?
A．His aunt wasn’t gd at listening.
B．His aunt didn’t like attending family gatherings.
C．His family members were engaged in ht discussins.
D．His family members shwed little interest in ne anther.
47．What is the purpse f the last paragraph?
A．T lead a discussin.B．T give a suggestin.
C．T prvide a warning.D．T make a cmparisn.
14.（2023上·北京平谷·高二统考期末）In many languages, the wrd fr “mther/mm” takes an m-sund. Is there any reasn fr such near-universality?
Linguists(语言学家) generally argue fr “the arbitrariness f the sign”: n cnnectin exists between the wrd dg and the furry quadruped. A rare exceptin is nmatpeia, where wrds representing the bark f a dg (bw-ww) and the buzz made by a bee are mre r less similar t the sund. Yet mst things are nt subject t naming this way.
What abut mama? It des nt sund like a mther, but the fact is that sme sunds are mre widespread than thers arund the wrld. There are many dzens f bserved cnsnants which are rare and hard fr nn-natives t learn.
In cntrast, a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—shw up far mre frequently, in nearly every spken language in the wrld. That is almst certainly because they are easy t make. A baby vcalising will, at first, make a vwel-like sund, usually smething like “ah”, which requires little in the way f cntrl ver the muth. If they briefly clse their muth and cntinue vcalising, air will cme ut f their nse, thus making the m-sund that is used in “mther” arund the wrld.
Thugh the “mamas” bear the mst bvius similarity, the “papas” have striking cmmnalities, t. Babies can easily stp their breath when they clse their lips (rather than ging n breathing thrugh the nse). This prduces a b-r a p-sund. It is surely fr this reasn that s many names fr “father” use these cnsnants: papa in English, abb in Arabic and baba in Mandarin. T-and d-sunds are similarly basic, invlving a simple tap f the tngue against the teeth: hence daddy, tatay (Tagalg) r tayta (Quechua).
Father and mther are, therefre, an ddity. F-is nt especially easy t utter(发音); th-sunds are even harder. English, Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them. Even Anglphne children may struggle with th-sunds when they are five, r lder still in many cases.
Anyway, it is hard t find linguistic universals amid the wrld’s dazzling variety.
48．What des the underlined wrd “quadruped” in Paragraph 2 mst prbably refer t?
A．PrnunciatinB．SundC．BeeD．Animal
49．“Mamas” and “papas” are used s universally because ________.
A．the sunds f the tw wrds sund alike
B．air will cme ut f baby’s muth directly
C．the sunds can be easily and naturally uttered
D．babies can cntinue their breath when clsing their lips
50．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing wrds might be the mst difficult t articulate?
A．Frthcming.B．Prgramme.C．Magnificent.D．Magazine.
51．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Inspiratin frm babies’ smile and talks.
B．Linguists’ effrts t the research f sunds.
C．Cnnectin between the wrd mum and dad.
D．Reasns fr similar sunds in unrelated languages.
15.（2023上·北京朝阳·高二统考期末）I have a friend wh bird watches. She feels cmfrtable whenever she’s ding it. If yu ask her why she likes it, she will say things like “Well, birds are the wrld’s mst magical creatures.” I have anther friend wh knits. She likes it because it’s satisfying, and has an astnishingly impressive impact n peple fr whm being able t knit glves is ut f reach.
As a term, “hbby” has always been f arguable meaning. Ask smene what they think a hbby is, and yu’ll get a dictinary definitin that they will have just lked up n their phnes and, then, a passinate speech n all f the activities that can under n circumstances be put int grups as hbbies by their wn highly unique and inflexible standards. Being nline is nt a hbby, apparently, nr is listening t music.
Hardly anyne knws what a hbby is, and this is particularly the case nw that s many f us are spending ur leisure time nline arguing abut these srts f basic definitins with peple, as the writer Max Read put it in an essay, “t whm the wrld has been created again every mrning, fr whm every settled argument f mdernity must be rewritten, but this time with their engagement.”
Even taking these difficulties int accunt, hwever, it seems bvius that birdwatching and knitting are classic hbbies. They are enjyable, invlve practice and reward effrt, and they are given immediate access t a grup with the same interests. They are the srts f hbbies advice clumnists (专栏作家) have in mind when peple write in abut their imbalanced lives. It’s interesting, then, that nt ne f my tw clearly hbby-having friends wuld admit t the practice.
They wrried that their hbbies, which give them pleasure and keep them far frm their cmputers, made them seem like they had t much leisure time and t Lew inner resurces that wuld enable them t naturally avid bredm. They are fully paid-up members f sciety, with busy lives, fulfilling interpersnal relatinships and, again, hbbies that make them happy. It’s just that hbbies have an undeservedly bad reputatin, ne made wrse by the Internet, like everything else.
The birdwatcher said the prblem with having a hbby was that it made peple seem like they were cntributing and learning nthing. The knitter said that she persnally cnnected hbbies with having n friends and n idea f what nrmal peple d t have fun, Actually, they d nt want t be seen as mad peple wh intentinally get away frm the crrect curse.
Well, I enjy certain light peras. I play music fr my wn amusement. And yes, I am an rdinary student, and that is nt a sign f madness.
52．The authr mentins tw friends with different hbbies in Paragraph 1 mainly t .
A．explain the definitin f “hbby”
B．attract the readers’ attentin t hbbies
C．stress the imprtance f having a hbby
D．cmpare tw different types f hbbies
53．What des the authr mean by quting Max Read in Paragraph 3?
A．“Hbby” as a term can nly be defined withut the Internet.
B．Peple nline discuss the definitin f “hbby” t change lives.
C．Peple create a new wrld by expressing their ideas f hbbies nline.
D．It is hard fr nline peple t reach an agreement n the definitin f “hbby”.
54．What can be inferred frm the tw friends’ cncerns abut their hbbies?
A．They are afraid f being seen as crazy peple.
B．They fear their hbbies are nt impressive enugh.
C．They find it necessary t share hbbies t balance their lives.
D．They refuse t share their feelings abut their hbbies with mad peple.
55．What des the authr intend t tell us in the last paragraph?
A．Hbbies are great fr peple’s mental health.
B．Different peple have their wn standards f hbbies.
C．It is reasnable and nrmal fr peple t have hbbies.
D．Peple wh suffer frm madness can als have hbbies.