吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题（Word版附解析），共22页。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共95分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What’s the weather like prbably tday?
A. Ht. B. Cl. C. Cld.
2. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Buying a gift. B. Watching a film. C. Reading a bk.
3. Hw did the man get t the museum?
A. By train. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
4. Where is the wman prbably?
A. In a cinema. B. In a car. C. In a restaurant.
5. What will listeners hear first n the radi shw?
A. The star interview. B. The film reviews. C. The best music.
第二节(共l5小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What des the man want the wman t d?
A. Give a talk. B. Prepare fr the exams. C. Catch up n her hmewrk.
7 What day is it tday?
A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday. C. Thursday.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What will the speakers have fr lunch prbably?
A. Sme sandwiches. B. Sme spaghetti. C. Sme pizza.
9. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Schlmates. B. Clleagues. C. Cuple.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why des the man suggest the wman buy the black shes?
A. They’re cl. B. They’re cheap. C. They’re cmfrtable.
11. Hw much des a pair f the pink shes cst?
A. 10 dllars. B. 15 dllars. C. 20 dllars.
12. What des the wman decide t d?
A. Give up buying shes. B. Thrw away the ld shes. C. Turn t her mther fr help.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What did the man d?
A. He tk the pht. B. He wrte the headline. C. He wrte the article.
14. What happened t Je Chapman last Mnday?
A. He hurt his knee. B. He left his cmpany. C. He argued with the manager.
15. Wh is Je Chapman prbably?
A. A mdel. B. An athlete. C. An actr.
16. Hw des the wman sund at the end f the cnversatin?
A. Unsatisfied. B. Delighted. C. Surprised.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the newsrm fr?
A. Practicing reading the news. B. Chsing the-stries. C. Reprting the news.
18. Where did Mark ask Jill t marry him?
A. In Mark’s cafe. B. In the sprts rm. C. In the sitting rm.
19. What sprts did Andrew Smith use t play prfessinally?
A. Tennis. B. Badmintn. C. Ftball.
20. Wh will reprt a sprts event tnight?
A. Jack. B. Gavin. C. Sally.
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
Inventins by Wmen Yu Might Nt Be Aware f
Margaret Elise Knight (1838-1914)
Margaret Elise Knight was an American inventr, ntably f the flat-bttmed paper bag. While wrking at the Clumbia Paper Bag cmpany, she develped an autmated system t fld paper bags － a prcess which up t that time was dne by hand. She funded her wn cmpany, creating paper bags fr grceries similar in frm t the nes that wuld be used in later generatins.
Bette Nesmith Graham (1924－1980)
As electric typewriters came int widespread use, Bette Nesmith Graham and cuntless ther secretaries had a big prblem － while the new machines made typing easier, it was impssible t crrect mistakes neatly with an eraser. Graham wanted a slutin t the prblem, and she fund it by watching painters decrating windws, wh cvered any imperfectins with an additinal layer. Graham cpied their technique by using white, water-based paint t cver her typing errrs. Graham named the prduct “Liquid Paper” and the rest is histry.
Patricia Billings (1926－)
Patricia Billings is a sculptr inventr, and businesswman wh invented Gebnd, a building material that is strng and fire-prf. In the late 1970s, ne f her sculptures fell and brke int pieces, s she began experimenting in her studi. Eight years later, she invented an additive that, when mixed with cncrete, creates a very hard fire-prf material. Nwadays, cntractrs use Gebnd every day.
Sally Fx (1959－ )
Sally Fx is a cttn grwer wh grws naturally clred varieties f cttn. She is the inventr f FxFibre, which is recgnized as the first species f lng-fiber, naturally-clred cttn that can be made int thread n a machine, which culd cnsiderably reduce the amunt f pllutin that’s created thrugh dyeing (染色) fabrics.
1. Which f the fllwing inventins saves much human labr?
A. The flat-bttmed paper bag.B. Liquid Paper.C. Gebnd.D. FxFibre.
2. What was Bette Nesmith Graham?
A. A sculptr.B. A grwer.
C. A secretary.D. An engineer.
3. Whse inventin benefits the envirnment?
A. Margaret Elise Knight’s.B. Bette Nesmith Graham’s.
C. Patricia Billings’s.D. Sally Fx’s.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位女性发明家及其发明成果。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“While wrking at the Clumbia Paper Bag cmpany, she develped an autmated system t fld paper bags － a prcess which up t that time was dne by hand. (在哥伦比亚纸袋公司工作期间，她开发了一套自动折叠纸袋的系统，这一过程在当时是手工完成的。)”可知，Margaret Elise Knight的发明用机械代替手工进行纸袋折叠工作，大大节约了人力。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“As electric typewriters came int widespread use, Bette Nesmith Graham and cuntless ther secretaries had a big prblem. (随着电子打字机的广泛使用，贝蒂·史密斯·格雷厄姆和无数其他秘书都遇到了一个大问题。)”可知，发明家Bette Nesmith Graham以前从事文秘工作。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“She is the inventr f FxFibre, which is recgnized as the first species f lng-fiber, naturally-clred cttn that can be made int thread n a machine, which culd cnsiderably reduce the amunt f pllutin that’s created thrugh dyeing fabrics. (她是FxFibre的发明者，FxFibre被认为是第一种可以在机器上制成线的长纤维、天然颜色的棉花，这可以大大减少因染色织物而产生的污染。)”可知，Sally Fx种植的彩色棉花大大减少了由于织物染色带来的污染。故选D。
B
Can yu imagine just cmpleting a life-saving training curse and then having t test ut yur skills the very next day - n yur best friend? 16-year-ld Trri’ell Nrwd was behind the wheel f her car when anther driver hit her car. The crash made the car cntaining Nrwd and her three passengers g acrss smene’s frnt lawn (草坪) and hit a tree.
The impact jammed Nrwd’s side dr shut, s she climbed ut f the frnt windw. Tw f her friends als managed t get ut f the car unharmed, but the accident caused her friend A’ zarria Simmns t hit her head n the backseat windw. “When I turned arund, I didn’t see A’ zarria running with us,” said Nrwd. “S, I had t run back t the car as fast as I culd. She was just sitting there unrespnsive.”
And that’s when the training Nrwd had just learned kicked in. “A lt f peple started t gather arund t see what was happening. I started shuting, ‘Back up. She needs space.’” After pulling Simmns frm the car, Nrwd checked her vital signs. Unable t detect a pulse (脉搏), she immediately began emplying the CPR (心肺复苏) techniques she’d s recently learned n Simmns. Dctrs arrived shrtly and transprted Simmns t the nearest hspital.
Nrwd, a junir at St. Petersburg’s Lakewd High Schl, participates in the schl’s Athletic Lifestyle Management Academy (ALMA). “We d vital signs and they learn hw t take bld pressure and check pulse rates. We have just abut 100 students in ur academy,” said Erika Miller, Nrwd’s teacher.
Miller nted that mst f her frmer students never have the pprtunity t use their CPR training until they becme nurses r emergency medical technicians. “Nt while they are still a student f mine and definitely nt within 24 hurs,” she said, adding: “It is what every teacher dreams f, yu knw, that smebdy listens, pays attentin, and learns smething.”
4. What caused the accident?
A. Three passengers.B. Anther car’s crash.
C. Nrwd’s side dr.D. Smene’s frnt lawn.
5. What can we learn abut Simmns?
A. She cried ut fr help.B. She was badly injured.
C. She was t scared t mve.D. She climbed ut f the frnt windw.
6. What can be inferred abut Lakewd High Schl’s ALMA?
A. It inspires students’ sense f adventure.
B. It hires medical technicians as teachers.
C. It teaches students wilderness survival skills.
D It prepares students fr careers in health science.
7. Hw did Miller sund in the last paragraph?
A. Wrried and angry.B. Surprised and prud.
C. Cnfused and anxius.D. Relieved and grateful.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了美国16岁的中学生Trri’ell Nrwd在学完心肺复苏的第二天就在一起车祸中挽救了朋友的性命。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“16-year-ld Trri’ell Nrwd was behind the wheel f her car when anther driver hit her car. (当另一名司机撞到16岁的Trri’ell Nrwd的车时，她正在开车。)”可知，是另一个司机开车撞到了Nrwd的车才造成这起事故。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Tw f her friends als managed t get ut f the car unharmed, but the accident caused her friend A’ zarria Simmns t hit her head n the backseat windw. (她的两个朋友也设法安然无恙地从车里出来，但事故导致她的朋友A’zarria Simmns的头撞到了后座的窗户上)”以及“She was just sitting there unrespnsive. (她只是坐在那里没有反应)”可知，Simmns头部受到撞击，已经对外界没有反应了。由此可推断，Simmns受伤很严重。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We d vital signs and they learn hw t take bld pressure and check pulse rates. (我们检查生命体征，他们学习如何测量血压和检查脉搏)”以及最后一段中“Miller nted that mst f her frmer students never have the pprtunity t use their CPR training until they becme nurses r emergency medical technicians. (米勒指出，她以前的大多数学生在成为护士或紧急医疗技术人员之前都没有机会使用他们的心肺复苏术培训。)”可知，ALMA教学生检查生命体征的技能，学生毕业后会从事护士、急救人员等工作。据此可判断，该学院教授相关课程，为学生将来从事医疗健康方面的工作做准备。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Miller nted that mst f her frmer students never have the pprtunity t use their CPR training until they becme nurses r emergency medical technicians. “Nt while they are still a student f mine and definitely nt within 24 hurs,” she said, adding: “It is what every teacher dreams f, yu knw, that smebdy listens, pays attentin, and learns smething.” (米勒指出，她以前的大多数学生在成为护士或紧急医疗技术人员之前都没有机会使用他们的心肺复苏术培训。她说：“在他们还是我的学生的时候，绝对不能在24小时内，”她补充说：“这是每个老师的梦想，你知道，有人倾听，注意，并学到一些东西。”)”可知，Miller老师说她之前的学生都是就业以后才能用得上在学校学到的相关急救知识，而Nrwd作为一名学生已经将理论知识用于现实生活中，而且是在学完该知识后的短短的24小时之内，这让她很吃惊，且Nrwd能在课堂上认真听讲，并学到相关知识，付诸实践，这让她很自豪。故选B。
C
“Eat tgether” is a statement that dctrs use regularly when they talk with families abut maintaining nrmal weight. Children wh cat regular family meals tend t have lwer rates f besity (肥胖). A new study takes a lk at why.
A team led by Jerica Berge asked the families f 120 children t recrd eight days f meals. Berge’s team srted the interactins ccurring at the table int tw brad grups － thse relating t the emtinal atmsphere at the meal, such as hw much the family members seemed t be enjying the time tgether, and hw many uncmfrtable silences ccurred - and thse invlving fd specifically, such as hw many unpleasant feelings emerged frm discussins abut fd, and hw much the parents cntrlled what and hw much children ate.
Children wh were verweight had family meals that included mre negative emtinal interactins cmpared t children wh weren’t verweight. Their meals tended t have a warmer, mre cmmunicative atmsphere. Fr example, these children were encuraged t eat fds t get strnger r run faster, while heavier children experienced mre negative pressures including threats and being made t feel guilty abut thse wh can’t affrd t eat three meals a day. If parents talked cnstantly thrughut the meal abut fd, and lectured the children abut hmewrk r attempted t cntrl what the children ate, the yungsters were als mre likely t be heavy. Als, the researchers fund heavier children tended t have shrter meals.
In the meantime, the current data suggests that simply sitting dwn at the same table at the same time isn’t enugh t influence besity. And it’s up t family dctrs t help families understand hw t take full advantage f breaking bread tgether.
8. What were srted int tw grups by Berge’s team?
A. Fds served at three meals.
B. Cnversatins happening during dinner.
C. Features f family meals influencing weight.
D. Feelings emerging frm discussins abut fd.
9. What did parents with nn-bese children d at the table?
A. They tld the children t eat t get healthy.
B. They talked with the children abut hmewrk.
C. They lectured the children abut treasuring fd.
D. They asked the children t finish meals quickly.
10. What kind f tip shuld family dctrs ffer families?
A. Cking delicius meals.B. Dieting. in a healthy manner.
C. Creating shared cnversatin tpics.D. Making gd use f dining tgether.
11. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Hw besity spreads acrss family members
B. Why mre and mre children are becming verweight
C. Why parents shuld give children freedm in fd chices
D. Flw sharing meals with parents reduces besity in children
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，家庭聚餐时父母与儿童的良好互动氛围可以降低儿童肥胖率。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““Eating tgether” is a statement that dctrs use regularly when they talk with families abut maintaining nrmal weight. Children wh eat regular family meals tend t have lwer rates f besity. A new study takes a lk at why.”（“一起吃饭”是医生在与家人谈论保持正常体重时经常使用的声明。定期吃家庭餐的儿童往往肥胖率较低。一项新的研究探讨了原因。）及第二段“Berge’s team srted the interactins ccurring at the table int tw brad grups——thse relating t the emtinal atmsphere at the meal, such as hw much the family members seemed t be enjying the time tgether, and hw many uncmfrtable silences ccurred——and thse invlving fd specially, such as hw many unpleasant feelings emerged frm discussins abut fd, and hw much the parents cntrlled what and hw much children ate.”（Berge的团队将餐桌上发生的互动分为两大类，①与用餐时的情绪氛围有关的互动，例如家庭成员似乎正在一起享受时光，发生了多少不舒服的沉默，②尤其是涉及食物的互动，例如从关于食物的讨论中产生了多少不愉快的感觉，以及父母控制了多少，孩子吃了多少。）可知，Berge的团队为了探讨吃家庭餐的儿童往往肥胖率较低的原因，将影响孩子体重的家庭用餐特点分为两类。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Their meals tended t have a warmer, mre cmmunicative atmsphere. Fr example, these children were encuraged t eat fds t get strnger r run faster, while heavier children experienced mre negative pressures including threats and being made t feel guilty abut thse wh can’t affrd t eat three meals a day.”（他们用餐时往往有一个更温暖，更注重沟通的氛围。例如，这些孩子被鼓励吃食物以变得更强壮或跑得更快，而超重的孩子则经历了更多的负面压力，包括威胁，并对那些无法负担一日三餐的人感到内疚。）可知，父母和不胖的孩子的餐桌氛围是温暖的，更注重沟通。父母会告诉孩子吃东西可以变强壮、跑得快、变健康。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“And it’s up t family dctrs t help families understand hw t take full advantage f breaking bread tgether.”（家庭医生有责任帮助家庭了解如何充分利用一起吃饭的优势。）可知，家庭医生给家庭的小贴士是：充分利用一起吃饭的机会。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段““Eating tgether” is a statement that dctrs use regularly when they talk with families abut maintaining nrmal weight. Children wh eat regular family meals tend t have lwer rates f besity. A new study takes a lk at why.”（“一起吃饭”是医生在与家人谈论保持正常体重时经常使用的声明。定期吃家庭餐的儿童往往肥胖率较低。一项新的研究探讨了原因。）可知，文章主要讨论在家和父母一起吃饭对儿童体重的影响。D项“Flw sharing meals with parents reduces besity in children”（与父母共餐可以减少儿童肥胖）该项能很好地概括文章内容，符合文意。故选D项。
D
Plastic is nearly everywhere — in shes, clthes, refrigeratrs and cnstructin materials. But this highly useful material can have a majr defect. Made frm il and slw t break dwn, cnventinal plastic is nt envirnmentally friendly. Tday, researchers discuss inventing what they say shuld be a safer, bidegradable (可生物降解的) alternative made frm fish waste— heads, bnes and skin— that wuld therwise likely be thrwn ut.
If develped successfully, fish-il-based plastic culd help meet the cnsiderable need fr mre sustainable plastic, says Francesca Kertn, the prject’s investigatr. Previusly, thers have develped new plastic using plant-based ils. Hwever, this t cmes with a disadvantage: the crps that prduce these ils require land that culd therwise be used t grw fd.
Leftver fish struck Kertn as a prmising alternative. Salmn (鲑鱼) farming is a majr industry fr castal Newfundland, where her university is lcated. After the fish are prcessed, leftver parts are ften thrwn away. Kertn and her clleagues develped a prcess fr turning this fish il int a plastic-like material. But des the plastic smell fishy? “When we start the prcess with the fish il a slight kind f fish smell, but as we g thrugh the steps, that smell disappears,” Kertn says.
In ther experiments, they have begun examining hw quickly the new material wuld likely break dwn nce its useful life is ver. Kertn put pieces f it in water, and t speed up the degradatin fr sme pieces, she added a chemical capable f breaking dwn fats like thse in the fish il. Under a micrscpe, she later saw micrbial (微生物的）grwth n all f the samples, even thse that had been in plain water, an encuraging sign that the new material might bidegrade quickly, Kertn says.
Kertn nw intends t study the material’s physical prperties t see hw it might in real-wrld applicatins, such as in packaging r fibers fr clthing.
12. What des the underlined wrd “defect” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mistake.B. Burden.C. Difficulty.D. Disadvantage.
13. What is wrng with using plant-based ils t make plastic?
A. It causes damage t the sil.B. It needs a large amunt f land.
C. It prduces an unpleasant smell.D. It increases the price f cking ils.
14. What d we knw abut this new plastic?
A. It can break dwn easily.B. It has a very shrt useful life.
C. It is hard t mix with plain water.D. It prved a gd packaging material.
15. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A living trend.B. A fishing methd.
C A scientific prject.D. A bilgical phenmenn.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一个科学项目，这个项目研发了一种由鱼油制成的新型塑料，这种塑料更环保，更容易分解。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线单词后句“Made frm il and slw t break dwn, cnventinal plastic is nt envirnmentally friendly.”（传统塑料由石油制成，分解速度慢，不环保。）可知，下文介绍的是传统塑料的缺点，例如分解速度慢，不环保等，由此可知，上文“a majr defect”指的是塑料有一个主要的缺点，“Disadvantage”意为“缺点”，能够代替画线单词在句中的意思。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Previusly, thers have develped new plastic using plant-based ils. Hwever, this t cmes with a disadvantage: the crps that prduce these ils require land that culd therwise be used t grw fd.”（以前，其他人已经用植物油开发了新的塑料。然而，这也带来了一个缺点：生产这些油的作物需要可以用来种植粮食的土地。）可知，用植物油制造塑料有一个缺点，那就是种植生产这些油的作物需要土地，而这些土地可能是用来种植粮食的土地，由此可知，使用植物油制造塑料的问题是它需要大量的土地。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Under a micrscpe, she later saw micrbial (微生物的）grwth n all f the samples, even thse that had been in plain water, an encuraging sign that the new material might bidegrade quickly, Kertn says.”（Kertn说，在显微镜下，她后来在所有样本上都看到了微生物的生长，甚至是那些在普通水中的样本，这是一个令人鼓舞的迹象，表明这种新材料可能会快速生物降解。）可知，这种新塑料即使是在普通的水中也可以快速生物降解，由此可知，这种新塑料很容易分解。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读文章，结合第一段关键句“Tday, researchers discuss inventing what they say shuld be a safer, bidegradable (可生物降解的) alternative made frm fish waste— heads, bnes and skin— that wuld therwise likely be thrwn ut.”（今天，研究人员讨论了如何发明一种更安全、可生物降解的替代品，这种替代品由鱼头、鱼骨和鱼皮制成，这些东西如果不被再次利用，很可能会被扔掉。）可知，文章主要介绍的是一个科学项目，这个项目主要是为了发明一种可替代传统的由石油制造的塑料，这种新型塑料由鱼油制成，更环保，更容易分解，“A scientific prject.”意为“一个科学项目”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。
E
Fruit fly fix
It is breakfast time. Yu have been lking frward t eating a nice ripe banana ever since yu wke up. ____16____ yu see smething that makes yu much less hungry: a large grup f fruit flies!
Fruit flies are tiny insects that are attracted t ripe r bad fruits and vegetables. The flies nt nly cat the fruit, they als lay their eggs there. ____17____. Within eight days, the fruit flies that hatch frm these eggs are full adults that can then lay their wn eggs.
Because fruit flies are s annying, mst peple want t get rid f them as quickly as pssible. Sme peple use pesticide sprays (杀虫剂). ____18____ it will als spread harmful pisn all ver yur kitchen. Luckily, there is als a cmpletely safe way t get rid f fruit flies in yur huse.
The first step is fr yu t remve all fruits r vegetables frm yur cunter. ____19____. Clean up any bits f fd that might be n the flr. Take ut the garbage and empty the garbage can. Ding all f these things will stp new fruit flies frm finding fd r places t lay their eggs.
Next, make a trap t catch all f the remaining fruit flies in yur huse. First, fill a small bwl with sme vinegar (醋). ____20____. Cver the bwl very tightly with a sheet f plastic wrap and make a few very small hles in the wrap with a frk. If all ges accrding t plan, the flies will enter the trap thrugh the hles but will be unable t fly back ut. This trap will catch all f the remaining fruit flies.
A. Althugh this will kill the flies
B. Yu can get existing flies ut f yur huse
C. Then, put a piece f very ripe fruit int the vinegar
D. Stre these items in the refrigeratr r clsed cntainers
E. Just when yu reach fr the delicius fruit n yur cunter
F. Althugh fruit flies might carry harmful things nt yur fd
G. A single fruit fly can lay up t 500 eggs n the surface f a piece f fruit
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。果蝇是一种被成熟或腐烂的水果和蔬菜吸引的小昆虫。果蝇不仅吃水果，而且还在那里产卵。文章介绍了对付果蝇的方法和如何设置陷阱捕捉它们。
【16题详解】
前文提到“Yu have been lking frward t eating a nice ripe banana ever since yu wke up.”（自从你醒来，你就一直盼望着吃一根熟透了的香蕉。）及后文提到“yu see smething that makes yu much less hungry: a large grup f fruit flies!”（你看见了让你倒胃口的东西：一大群果蝇。），E项中的the delicius fruit指代设空处上一句中的a nice ripe banana。E项为逗号后面的内容提供了时间状语，符合语境。E项“Just when yu reach fr the delicius fruit n yur cunter”（正当你要伸手去拿厨房操作台上那美味的水果时）该项起到承上启下的作用，说明了什么样的场景让你感到不舒服。故选E。
【17题详解】
前文提到“The flies nt nly cat the fruit, they als lay their eggs there.”（它们不仅会吃水果，还会在水果上产卵。），设空处上一句谈到果蝇会在蔬果上产卵，G项“A single fruit fly can lay up t 500 eggs n the surface f a piece f fruit”（一只果蝇可以在一片水果表面产下多达500个卵）该项具体谈到一只果蝇在一块水果上的产卵情况。故选G。
【18题详解】
前文提到“Because fruit flies are s annying, mst peple want t get rid f them as quickly as pssible. Sme peple use pesticide sprays (杀虫剂). ”（因为果蝇太烦人了，大多数人都想尽快除掉它们。有些人使用农药喷雾剂。），根据后文“it will als spread harmful pisn all ver yur kitchen.”（它还会把有害的毒药散播到整个厨房。）A项中的this指代设空处上一句中的用杀虫剂消灭果蝇的方式(use pesticide sprays)；A项“Althugh this will kill the flies”（尽管这样可以杀死过果蝇）该项内容与逗号后面的内容为让步关系，符合语境。故选A。
【19题详解】
前文提到“The first step is fr yu t remve all fruits r vegetables frm yur cunter. ”（第一步是把柜台上所有的水果和蔬菜都拿掉。），设空处上一句谈到要清理掉台面上的所有蔬果，D项“Stre these items in the refrigeratr r clsed cntainers”（将这些东西放入冰箱或密闭容器中）该项提到了具体的清理方式，该项起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选D。
【20题详解】
前文提到“Next, make a trap t catch all f the remaining fruit flies in yur huse. First, fill a small bwl with sme vinegar (醋).”（接下来，制作一个陷阱来捕捉你房子里所有剩下的果蝇。首先，在一个小碗里装满一些醋。），C项中的Then与设空处上一句中的First为时间关联词，C项“Then, put a piece f very ripe fruit int the vinegar”（然后，把一片非常成熟的水果放进醋里）这两句谈到了捕捉果蝇的前两个步骤——首先，在小碗里面倒一些醋，然后在醋里放一块熟透了的水果。该项符合文章内容。故选C。
第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’m n gd at applying fr grants (经费). My fast _____21_____ came frm my days in Oxfrd. I had applied fr funding t _____22_____ a gradually decreasing student lan.
I grew up in a lw-incme, single-parent family, earning my wn _____23_____ frm the age f 14 by wrking in supermarkets. I _____24_____ hard wrk frm my mum, a typesetter by day and prfreader by night. I even held n t my Saturday _____25_____ during my first undergraduate year. ____26____ ther students were sleeping, rwing, r reading in the library, I was wrking at a WHSmith stre. My mney was _____27_____ and carefully spent.
I was angry abut being rejected, but als _____28_____. I prided myself n being a gd writer, but I clearly didn’t _____29_____ the language f grant applicatins, and I had n idea hw t learn it.
As my list f published bks _____30_____, s did my list f funding rejectins. I didn’t just _____31_____ t get writing grants. Despite securing a _____32_____ t d pstgraduate research at the University f Cambridge where I _____33_____ earned a master’s degree with distinctin, I failed t secure funding fr this t.
I didn’t _____34_____ my ability as a writer. I culd_____35_____ an elegant explanatin f general relativity in 500 wrds r simplify the thery f natural selectin int picture bk frm I just culdn’t master the language f grants.
21.
A. respnsibilityB. adventureC. rejectinD. treasure
22.
A. depend nB. tp upC. set upD. refer t
23.
A. mneyB. degreeC. licenseD. psitin
24.
A. btainedB. requiredC. hatedD. learned
25.
A. lectureB. treatC. jbD. paper
26.
A. BecauseB. WhileC. IfD. Unless
27.
A. privately-wnedB. well-timedC. hard-earnedD. newly-cllected
28.
A. ashamedB. prudC. afraidD. brave
29.
A. admireB. reviewC. teachD. speak
30.
A. prvedB. grewC. explainedD. wrked
31.
A. pretendB. prmiseC. refuseD. struggle
32.
A. bkB. placeC. lanD. medal
33.
A. eventuallyB. regularlyC. instantlyD. randmly
34.
A. assessB. increaseC. dubtD. affect
35.
A. penB. weC. hearD. read
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者由于不擅长写申请助学的文章而没有申请到助学金，但还是凭借自身优秀的学习和工作能力得到了更高层次的学习机会。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的迅速拒绝来自于我在牛津的日子。A. respnsibility责任；B. adventure冒险；C. rejectin拒绝；D. treasure宝藏。前文提到“I’m n gd at applying fr grants (经费). ”（我不擅长申请助学金）以及后文中“I had applied fr funding”（我申请了一笔资金）由此判断，作者不擅长申请助学金，因此通过其他的方式来填补自己的学生贷款，说明作者在牛津大学申请学生助学金时是被拒绝的。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我申请了一笔资金来补充逐渐减少的学生贷款。A. depend n依靠；B. tp up补充；C. set up建立；创立；D. refer t提及；参考。后文提到“a gradually decreasing student lan”（逐渐减少的学生贷款）说明作者申请的资金是用于填补自己减少的学生贷款。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我生长在一个低收入的单亲家庭，从14岁起就靠在超市打工挣钱。A. mney钱；B. degree学位；C. license执照；D. psitin位置。后文提到“by wrking in supermarkets”（通过在超市打工），作者提到自己是单亲家庭，因此需要自己去外面谋生赚钱。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从妈妈那里学到了辛苦的工作，白天是排字工，晚上是校对员。A. btained获得；B. required请求；C. hated恨；D. learned学习。后文提到“a typesetter by day and prfreader by night.”（白天是排字工，晚上是校对员。）以及前文中作者提到14岁就开始在超市打工挣钱了，说明作者学习到了母亲辛苦工作的品质。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我甚至在大学一年级的时候还坚持着周六的工作，当其他学生在图书馆睡觉、划船或阅读的时候，我却在WHSmith商店工作。A. lecture演讲；B. treat招待；C. jb工作；D. paper论文。后文提到“I was wrking at a WHSmith stre”（我却在WHSmith商店工作）说明作者在周六仍然坚持工作。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我甚至在大学一年级的时候还坚持着周六的工作，当其他学生在图书馆睡觉、划船或阅读的时候，我却在WHSmith商店工作。A. Because因为；B. While然而；C. If如果；D. Unless除非。后文提到“ther students were sleeping, rwing, r reading in the library, I was wrking at a WHSmith stre”（他学生在图书馆睡觉、划船或阅读的时候，我却在WHSmith商店工作）此处表示作者周末工作和其他同学周末放松娱乐等情况的对比，为转折关系，因此需使用表示转折关系的连词while。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的钱是辛苦挣来的，因此花得很小心。A. privately-wned私有的；B. well-timed及时的；C. hard-earned来之不易的；D. newly-cllected新收集的。前文提到作者14岁就开始在超市打工，周六在别人学习和放松的时候自己仍然要工作，后文提到“carefully spent”（花得很小心）说明作者的钱赚的也不容易。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对被拒绝感到愤怒，但也感到羞愧。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. prud骄傲的；C. afraid害怕的；D. brave勇敢的。后文提到“I prided myself n being a gd writer, but I clearly didn’t 9 the language f grant applicatins, and I had n idea hw t learn it.”（我为自己是一名优秀的作家而自豪，但很明显，我不会说申请资助的语言，我也不知道如何学习它。）作者能在自己的专业下写好文章，但是在写资助申请的时候却不知道如何开口，作者对此感到很羞愧。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为自己是一名优秀的作家而自豪，但很明显，我不会说申请资助的语言，我也不知道如何学习它。A. admire欣赏；B. review回顾；C. teach教授；D. speak说。如何写好资助申请也是一门需要作者学习的语言，speak the language（说某种语言）为固定搭配。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我出版的书越来越多，我被拒绝的资金也越来越多。A. prved证明；B. grew增长；C. explained解释；D. wrked工作；运行。后文提到“s did my list f funding rejectins.”（我被拒绝的资金也越来越多），后文提到了作者申请研究生研究资金失败的经验，由此判断，作者出版的书和自己被拒绝的资金一样越来越多。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不只是努力争取写作资金。A. pretend假装；B. prmise承诺；C. refuse拒绝；D. struggle挣扎。后文提到“I failed t secure funding fr this t.”（但我也没能获得研究经费。）作者自己的研究经费也没得到，说明作者确实是不擅长写申请资金的资料，而不是没有尝试过。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我获得了在剑桥大学进行研究生学习的机会，并最终以优异的成绩获得了硕士学位，但我也没能获得研究经费。A. bk书本；B. place位置；机会，资格；C. lan贷款；D. medal奖牌。后文提到“where I 13 earned a master’s degree with distinctin”（并最终以优异的成绩获得了硕士学位），说明作者获得了研究生学习的机会。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管我获得了在剑桥大学进行研究生学习的机会，并最终以优异的成绩获得了硕士学位，但我也没能获得研究经费。A. eventually最终；B. regularly定期地；C. instantly立即地；D. randmly随机地。后文提到“earned a master’s degree with distinctin”（以优异的成绩获得了硕士学位）由此判断，作者通过自己的努力学习最终获得了硕士学位。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不质疑我作为作者的能力。A. assess评估；B. increase增加；C. dubt怀疑；D. affect影响。前文提到“As my list f published bks 10 ”（随着我出版的书越来越多），说明作者写作能力非常强，所以作者并不质疑自己的能力。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以用500字写出一篇优雅的广义相对论解释，或者把自然选择理论简化成绘本形式，但我无法掌握赠款的语言。A.pen写；撰写；B. we欠；C. hear听说；D. read阅读。前文提到“I didn’t 14 my ability as a writer.”（我并不质疑我作为作者的能力。）由此判断，作者写作的能力非常强，能够写出很多高质量的东西。故选A。
第 Ⅱ 卷(非选择题，共50分)
第二节 语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smeday it may be pssible fr peple t tackle their fd allergies____36____ (simple) by brushing their teeth ____37____ New Yrk City-based cmpany has launched a trial t test this cncept in fd allergy sufferers. The idea is t expse users t small numbers f an allergen daily ____38____ (build) and maintain tlerance t it.
An existing treatment that delivers allergens thrugh under-the-tngue liquid drps ____39____ (ffer) decent prtectin. But it can be hard fr users t keep up this daily rutine.
Allergist William Reisacher____40____ (cme) up with the tthpaste idea while brushing his teeth in frnt f a mirrr several years ag. “I saw all the fam (泡沫) in my muth ging int all the areas I wanted it t g,” he says. Delivering the allergen in the frm ____41____ a tthpaste used daily wuld get the treatment t the right cells and keep it there, he thught.
A trial launched by Intrmmune Therapeutics, which is develping the tthpaste, will test ____42____ well 32 adults tlerate grwing numbers f allergens.
Allergist Sakina Bajwala supprts the cncept. But she wrries abut ____43____ (safe). She says that ____44____ (healthy) tthpastes culd give allergens access t the bld stream, ____45____ (increase) the risk f allergic reactins.
【答案】36. simply
37. A 38. t build
39. ffers 40. came
41. f 42. hw
43. safety 44. unhealthy
45. increasing
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章提到研究人员发明了一种可能会治愈食物过敏的牙膏，一项旨在测试其是否有效的实验正在进行。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：也许有一天，人们能通过简单的刷牙就解决食物过敏的问题。分析句子结构可知，空处可使用副词simply（简单地）在句中作状语修饰介词短语by brushing their teeth。故填simply。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：一家总部位于纽约的公司已经在食物过敏患者中开展了一项试验，以测试这一概念。分析句子结构可知，cmpany（公司）在句中表示泛指，此处表示“一家总部在纽约市的公司”，需使用不定冠词a修饰。位于句首时，首字母大写。故填A。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：这个想法是让用户每天接触少量的过敏原，以建立并保持对它的耐受性。分析句子结构可知，设空处作目的状语，且users与build之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，maintain与设空处并列，因此需使用其不定式。故填t build。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：现有的一种治疗方法是通过舌下滴液输送过敏原，提供了不错的保护。根据delivers和can可知，此处描述客观情况，且设空处作谓语，其主语是An existing treatment，应使用一般现在时的单数形式。故填ffers。
【40题详解】
考查时态。句意：几年前，过敏症专家威廉·雷切尔在对着镜子刷牙时想到了牙膏的主意。根据several years ag可知，该句陈述过去事实，谓语表示的动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。故填came。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：他认为，可以每天使用牙膏的形式将过敏原输送到正确的细胞中，并使其保持在那里。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配in the frm f，意为“以……形式”。故填f。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：开发这种牙膏的Intrimmune Therapeutics公司发起了一项试验，将测试32名成年人对越来越多的过敏原的耐受性。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，且之后有副词well，因此需使用连接副词hw，故填hw。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是她仍担心安全问题。分析句子结构可知，空处可使用名词safety（安全）在句中作介词abut的宾语。故填safety。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她说，不健康的牙膏会让过敏原进入血液，增加过敏反应的风险。设空处需使用形容词作定语修饰tthpastes，且根据risk可知，此处意为“不健康的牙膏会让过敏原进入血液，增加过敏反应的风险”。故填unhealthy。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：她说，不健康的牙膏会让过敏原进入血液，增加过敏反应的风险。分析句子结构可知，设空处作结果状语，且tthpastes与increase之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，需使用现在分词。故填increasing。
46. 你校的英语角正在征集“年度最佳人物”稿件，请以“Persn f the Year”为题，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.该人物的简介；
2.该人物对你的影响。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Persn f the Year
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Persn f the Year
As t the “Persn f the Year”, I wuld like t nminate my English teacher fr this esteemed title.
Ms. Zhang is a teacher wh basts a gd reputatin. With her warm smile and kind nature, she has becme a belved figure amng students. Mrever, it is her belief in my abilities that has encuraged me t make prgress tward excellence. Mtivating me t participate in public speaking, she has helped me build up self-cnfidence and better skills.
There is n dubt that Ms. Zhang deserves this title. Truly, nt nly is she a qualified teacher, but als she is a valuable guide in my life.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Persn f the Year”为题，写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
名声：reputatin→fame
此外：mrever→what’s mre
鼓励：encurage→inspire
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Mtivating me t participate in public speaking, she has helped me build up self-cnfidence and better skills.
拓展句：She mtivated me t participate in public speaking, which has helped me build up self-cnfidence and better skills.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Ms. Zhang is a teacher wh basts a gd reputatin.（运用了wh引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Mrever, it is her belief in my abilities that has encuraged me t make prgress tward excellence.（运用了强调句型）
读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Frgtten Pages
Once upn a time, in a land far away, there was a small village. Surrunded by the majestic muntains, the villagers happily lived a life f bliss.
All f them were used t their rbtic daily tasks and nne f them had the imaginatin r the will t try smething new, except fr ne girl named Hannah. Very few peple in the village culd read let alne write, and Hannah was ne f them. Her parents had made sure that their nly child gt everything pssible.
Hannah was an adventurus spirit with an imaginatin far beynd her time. One afternn, when Hannah was n ne f her adventurus quests, she came upn an abandned cttage. The cttage lked very ld in its cnditin. Even thugh Hannah’s mther had strictly warned her nt t g wandering in abandned places, her curisity gt the best f her.
She tip-ted slwly t the dr and slwly pened it and she was left stunned. In frnt f Hannah was a rm full f bks! Bks glistering in the dust, basking in the warm sunlight just waiting t be explred. Hannah gasped (倒吸气) as she realized that she had fund a hidden treasure. Hannah brmed and dusted all day lng until she realized it was dark and she had t g back. S Hannah picked tw bks and decided t read them at her hme.
She went hme and all night lng, she read the adventurus tales hidden in the bk cver. The next day, she quickly gulped her breakfast and made her way t the cttage again. Hannah devured the bks.
They were t interesting filled with stries abut different creatures. Each page was just an adventure waiting t be embarked n. Hannah’s imaginatin tk her t a wrld f talking animals, mystical creatures, and daring nights. The little girl was s inspired by the bks and she learned the pwer f lve and friendship! With the gd in heart, she decided t share the tales with the peple f her village.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She knew it wuld be a difficult jurney, but she wanted t share the gld with everyne.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sn, the wrds f Hannah’s strytelling spread t far-ff twns.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】She knew it wuld be a difficult jurney but she wanted t share the gld with everyne. She wanted t ignite the sparks f curisity and imaginatin in her peers. Making this her missin, Hannah started telling tales every day at her cttage. She added her wn tuch f curisity every nw and then t different stries, making them mre interesting. In the beginning nly her very gd friends and her family came t the readings. But the wrds f her famus tales spread rapidly causing mre and mre peple t cme t the readings. Seeing the interest f her wn peple, Hannah started writing stries f her wn t!
Sn, the wrds f Hannah’s strytelling spread t far-ff twns. Peple traveled frm different places t just listen t her stries. Everyne wuld gather arund Hannah in awe as she tld her stries. The ld cttage was n lnger withering away as peple frm her wn village helped her build the cttage again. And thus, the frgtten treasure lying in the ld cttage transfrmed int a wrld f infinite adventures, imaginatin and pssibilities. Hannah even cnducted wrkshps in which she taught her fellws hw t read and write. Hannah’s passin and dedicatin blew life int the tales and her wrds breathed new life int cuntless suls.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Hannah是一个富有冒险精神的女孩儿，一天她在探险的时候发现了一个小屋，里面有许多书籍，她对这些书籍非常感兴趣，这些书太有趣了，充满了关于不同生物的故事，每一页都是等待开始的冒险，她的想象力把她带到了一个会说话的动物、神秘的生物和大胆的夜晚的世界，她决定与村里的人们分享这些故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她知道这将是一段艰难的旅程，但她想与大家分享这些宝藏。”可知，第一段可描写Hannah给同村人讲故事以及她开始写故事。
②由第二段首句内容“不久，Hannah的故事传遍了遥远的城镇。”可知，第二段可描写Hannah讲故事这件事情的扩大及其影响。
2.续写线索：开始讲故事——她讲的故事开始传开——开始写故事——人们赶来听故事——小屋发生变化——举办讲习班——她带来的影响
3.词汇激活
行为类
①讲故事：tell tales/tell stries
②传播：spread/diffuse
③转变为：transfrm int/turn int
情绪类
①敬畏地：in awe/in reverence
②热情：passin/enthusiasm
【点睛】[高分句型1] Everyne wuld gather arund Hannah in awe as she tld her stries. (由as引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Hannah even cnducted wrkshps in which she taught her fellws hw t read and write. (由“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句)