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2022-2023学年上海市宝山区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案
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这是一份2022-2023学年上海市宝山区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案，共31页。试卷主要包含了 thught， what 3， like 5， that 7， practising， less likely， t avid， J 16等内容，欢迎下载使用。
I. Listening Cmprehensin
略
II. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
While the practice f mindfulness has becme increasingly ppular, its rts can be traced back thusands f years t Buddhism (佛教). One f the peple ften ____1____ (think) t bring mindfulness t the West is Jn Kabat-Zinn, wh develped an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reductin prgram and funded ____2____ is nw the Center fr Mindfulness at the University f Massachusetts Medical Schl in 1979. Kabat-Zinn mixed Buddhist ideas abut mindfulness with science, making it mre accessible t ____3____ in the West.
Sn, mindfulness made its way int clinical settings and has been successful in treating health issues ____4____ anxiety and depressin. A large quantity f studies ____5____ (fcus) n the ability f mindfulness meditatin ver the past few years. Fr example, in a 2003 study f cancer patients, increased mindfulness was shwn t effectively reduce stress and anxiety. Given the way ____6____ mindfulness can decrease stress, it cmes as n surprise that it can als help deal with emtinal prblems.
Anther study indicates mindfulness may als imprve wrking memry. Jha and clleagues investigated its impact n military participants during a stressful time, ____7____ stress has been shwn t decrease wrking memry. One grup attended an eight-week mindfulness meditatin curse but the thers did nt. Wrking memry decreased in the cntrl grup; hwever, in the mindfulness grup, wrking memry decreased in thse wh spent the least time n mindfulness meditatin but increased in thse wh spent mst f their free time ____8____ (practise) mindfulness meditatin.
Clearly, mindfulness has many benefits, but it’s nt a cure-all. Fr example, ne study fund that fllwing mindfulness meditatin, participants were ____9____ (likely) t frm accurate memries. It may even result in severe anxiety fr thse PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) patients wh tend ____10____ (avid) thughts and feelings related t their sad past.
【答案】1. thught
2. what 3. thse
4. like 5. has fcused##has been fcused
6. that 7. as##because
8. practising
9. less likely
10. t avid
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正念的起源和它的功用。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Jn Kabat-Zinn是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于1979年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中心。提示词think(认为)作后置定语修饰名词词组One f the peple，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语One f the peple之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填thught。
【2题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：Jn Kabat-Zinn是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于1979年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中心。空格后是及物动词fund后的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用连接代词what引导该宾语从句，作主语。故填what。
【3题详解】
考查代词。句意：Kabat-Zinn将佛教关于正念的思想与科学结合起来，使其更容易为西方人所接受。根据句意，句中指代“西方人”，用复数代词thse。故填thse。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：很快，正念进入了临床环境，并成功地治疗了焦虑和抑郁等健康问题。根据句意，anxiety和depressin是对health issues的举例说明，可用介词like引出列举对象，意为“例如，譬如”。故填like。
【5题详解】
考查动词时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，大量的研究集中在正念冥想的能力。fcus n(聚焦，集中)是句中谓语动词，结合时间状语ver the past few years可知应用现在完成时态，与主语之间可理解为主动关系“研究集中于……”，用主动语态，也可理解为被动关系“研究被聚焦于……”，用被动语态，又因“a large quantity f+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，所以谓语动词用现在完成时主动或被动语态，单数形式。故填has fcused/has been fcused。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：考虑到正念可以减少压力，它也可以帮助处理情绪问题就不足为奇了。分析句子可知，空格后是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词way(方式)；名词way表示“方式”时，其后定语从句可用关系词that或者in which引导，也可省略引导词，结合语法填空特征，本题用关系代词that引导。故填that。
【7题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：Jha和他同事调查了压力对军事参与者的影响，因为压力已经被证明会降低工作记忆。根据句意，上下文上之间存在因果关系，用从属连词as或者because引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对照组的工作记忆下降；然而，在正念组中，花最少时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆下降，而花大部分空闲时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆增加。spend sme time (in) ding sth.是固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填practising。
【9题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，一项研究发现，在正念冥想之后，参与者不太可能形成准确的记忆。结合上文“it’s nt a cure-all”可知，句中讲正念冥想的不足之处，用比较级less likely表示否定意思，意为“不太可能”。故填less likely。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它甚至可能导致那些创伤后应激障碍患者严重焦虑，他们倾向于避免与悲伤的过去有关的想法和感受。tend t d...为固定搭配，意为“倾向于……”，跟不定式作宾语。故填t avid。
Sectin B
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in each blank with a prper wrd given in the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne mre wrd than yu need.
The histry f space explratin in China stretches back t 900 A.D., when innvatrs in the cuntry pineered the first simple rckets. The China Natinal Space Administratin (CNSA) sent the first Chinese astrnaut int space in 2003. Tday, China is a(n) ____11____ player in the wrldwide space explratin effrt.
In the mid-20th century, China watched as the U.S. and Sviet Unin began their ____12____ t becme the first natin n the mn. Bth the U.S. and the Sviet Unin demnstrated prgress twards putting weapns int rbit, which naturally ____13____ China and ther cuntries. In respnse t these cncerns, China began t pursue space travel in the late 1950s. At first, China had a jint cperatin agreement with the Sviet Unin and later China began t chart its wn path t space, ____14____ its first rckets in September 1960.
Starting in the late 1960s, China began wrking n space vehicle capable f carrying humans int space. Hwever, the prcess was nt a(n) ____15____ ne. In 1988, China created the Ministry f Aerspace Industry. After a few years, the ministry was ____16____ up t establish the China Natinal Space Administratin and the China Aerspace Science and Technlgy Crpratin.
The first Chinese astrnaut t travel t space, Yang Liwei, was sent by the CNSA. In 2003, he rde t rbit ____17____ a Shenzhu 5 capsule n tp f a Lng March family rcket. The flight was shrt – just 21 hurs lng – but it granted China title f the third cuntry t ever send a human int space and safely return them t Earth.
Tday, China’s space prgram is aimed at ____18____ sending astrnauts t the Mn and beynd. In additin t thse types f launches, China has built tw space statins: Tiangng 1 and Tiangng 2. Tiangng 1 has been de-rbited, but the secnd statin, Tiangng 2, is still in use and currently ____19____ a variety f science experiments. A third Chinese space statin is planned fr launch in the early 2020s. If all ges as planned, the new space statin will bring astrnauts t rbit fr lng-term _____20_____ in research statins.
【答案】11. G 12. I
13. B 14. F
15. J 16. K
17. A 18. C
19. E 20. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了中国航空航天的历史以及取得的成就。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：今天，中国在全球太空探索努力中处于领先地位。空处填形容词作定语，leading“主要的，居前的”符合句意。故选G项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：在20世纪中期，中国目睹了美国和苏联开始争相成为第一个登上月球的国家。began后接名词作宾语，rush“冲，奔，争做”符合句意。故选I项。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：美国和苏联都展示了在将武器送入轨道方面取得的进展，这自然让中国和其他国家感到惊恐。定语从句缺少谓语，根据“demnstrated”可知，为一般过去时，alarm“使惊恐；使害怕”符合句意，故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：起初，中国与苏联签署了联合合作协议，后来中国开始规划自己的太空之路，并于1960年9月发射了第一枚火箭。分析句子可知，空处填非谓语动词。与China在逻辑上是主动关系。再根据“its first rckets”可知，launching“发射”符合句意。故选F项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，这一过程并不迅速。空处填形容词作表语，speedy“快速的”符合句意。故选J项。
【16题详解】
考查语态。句意：几年后，该部被拆分为中国国家航天局和中国航天科技集团公司。根据下文“establish the China Natinal Space Administratin and the China Aerspace Science and Technlgy Crpratin.”可知，该部被拆分为中国国家航天局和中国航天科技集团公司。be split up “被分裂”符合句意。故选K项。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：2003年，他乘坐长征系列运载火箭上的神舟五号太空舱进入轨道。空处缺少介词，abard“上（船、飞机、火车等）”符合句意。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：如今，中国的太空计划旨在最终将宇航员送上月球及更远的地方。副词作状语修饰动词，eventually“最终地”符合句意。故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：天宫一号已经脱离轨道，但第二个空间站天宫二号仍在使用中，目前承载着各种科学实验。空处缺少谓语且为一般现在时，huse“安置，容纳”符合句意。故选E项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果一切按计划进行，新空间站将把宇航员送入轨道，在研究站执行长期任务。fr后接名词，根据“in research statins”可知，在研究站执行长期任务,missin可数名词，用复数形式。故选H项。
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
The market is ruled by supply and demand, and as a cnsumer yu can have a huge impact n the ____21____ side f the equatin (等式). If all f us make individual changes in what we buy and use, it can ____22____ up t a lt.
But reducing yur wn carbn emissins isn’t the mst pwerful thing yu can d. Yu can als send a signal t the market that peple are ____23____ t pay fr zer-carbn alternatives. When yu pay mre fr an electric car, a heat pump, r a plant-based burger, yu’re saying, “There’s a market fr this stuff. We’ll buy it.” If enugh peple send the same ____24____, cmpanies will respnd — in my experience, quite ____25____. They’ll put mre mney and time int making lw-emissins prducts, which will ____26____ the prices f thse prducts. It will make investrs mre cnfident abut funding new cmpanies that are making the ____27____. Withut that demand signal, the innvatins that gvernments and businesses invest in will stay n the ____28____. Or they wn’t get develped in the first place, because there’s n ____29____ incentive (刺激) t make them.
Here are sme specific steps yu can take:
Reduce yur hme’s emissins. Depending n hw much mney and time yu can spare, yu can ____30____ yur incandescent lightbulbs (白炽灯泡) with LEDs, insulate (使隔热) yur windws, r replace yur heating and cling system with a heat ____31____.
Buy an electric vehicle. Althugh EVs are nt suitable fr lts f lng-distance rad trips, and ____32____ at hme isn’t cnvenient fr everyne, they’re becming mre affrdable. This is ne f the places where cnsumer behavir can have a huge impact: If peple buy lts f them, cmpanies will make lts f them.
____33____ a plant-based burger. I’ll admit vegetarian burgers haven’t always tasted ____34____, but the new generatin f plant-based prtein alternatives is clser t the taste f meat than befre. Buying these prducts sends a message that making them is a wise investment. ____35____, eating a meat substitute just nce r twice a week will cut dwn n the emissins yu’re respnsible fr.
21. A. marketB. cnsumptinC. supplyD. demand
22. A. lkB. takeC. addD. live
23. A. agreeableB. indifferentC. reluctantD. willing
24. A. dataB. signalC. wrdD. request
25. A. quicklyB. easilyC. steadilyD. neutrally
26. A. push upB. drive dwnC. check utD. settle dwn
27. A. breakthrughsB. cnclusinsC. calculatinsD. cnsequences
28. A. fficeB. fieldC. tradeD. shelf
29. A. pssibleB. alternativeC. ecnmicD. efficient
30. A. purchaseB. recycleC. abandnD. replace
31. A. binB. pumpC. venD. cler
32. A. transprtingB. manufacturingC. maintainingD. charging
33. A. ImprveB. SearchC. TryD. Prhibit
34. A. greatB. terribleC. strangeD. riginal
35. A. In briefB. Fr exampleC. In additinD. By cmparisn
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。市场是由供需决定的，作为消费者，你可以对等式的需求端产生巨大的影响。文章主要解释了消费者的需求是如何影响市场生产的，以及一些减少碳排放的建议。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：市场是由供需决定的，作为消费者，你可以对等式的需求端产生巨大的影响。A. market市场；B. cnsumptin消费；C. supply供应；D. demand要求。根据上文“The market is ruled by supply and demand”可知，消费者是市场的需求端，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们每个人都在购买和使用的东西上做出个人的改变，就会累积很多。A. lk看；B. take带走；C. add增加；D. live居住。根据上文“If all f us make individual changes in what we buy and use”指每个人都在购买和使用的东西上做出个人的改变，就会累积很多。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你还可以向市场发出一个信号，即人们愿意为零碳替代品付费。A. agreeable愉悦的；B. indifferent冷淡的；C. reluctant不情愿的；D. willing愿意的。根据后文“t pay fr zer-carbn alternatives”指人们愿意为零碳替代品付费。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果有足够多的人发出同样的信号，公司就会做出反应——以我的经验来看，反应相当迅速。A. data数据；B. signal信号；C. wrd单词；D. request要求。呼应上文“Yu can als send a signal”指每个人发出同样的信号。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果有足够多的人发出同样的信号，公司就会做出反应——以我的经验来看，反应相当迅速。A. quickly快速地；B. easily容易地；C. steadily稳定地；D. neutrally中立地。根据后文“They’ll put mre mney and time int making lw-emissins prducts”指公司对人们的需求迅速做出反应。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们将投入更多的资金和时间生产低排放产品，这将压低这些产品的价格。A. push up提高；B. drive dwn压低；C. check ut检验；D. settle dwn定居。根据上文“They’ll put mre mney and time int making lw-emissins prducts”可知，投入更多的资金和时间生产低排放产品，即产出的产品增加，故压低了产品价格。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它会使投资者对融资新公司更有信心突破。A. breakthrughs突破；B. cnclusins结论；C. calculatins计算；D. cnsequences结果。根据上文“It will make investrs mre cnfident abut funding new cmpanies that are making the”指有信心做出突破，make the breakthrughs“做出突破”。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有这种需求信号，政府和企业投资的创新就会束之高阁。A. ffice办公室；B. field领域；C. trade交易；D. shelf架子。根据后文“Or they wn’t get develped in the first place”可知，没有这种需求信号，政府和企业投资的创新就会束之高阁。stay n the shelf表示“束之高阁”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：或者它们一开始就不会被开发出来，因为没有经济动力去开发它们。A. pssible可能的；B. alternative可替代的；C. ecnmic经济的；D. efficient效率高的。结合上文可知，没有消费者的需求，公司就不会投入资金和时间来生产产品，故因为没有经济动力去开发它们。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据你所能节省的金钱和时间，你可以把白炽灯换成LED灯，把窗户隔热，或者把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。A. purchase购买；B. recycle回收；C. abandn抛弃；D. replace取代。根据后文“yur incandescent lightbulbs with LEDs”指把白炽灯换成LED灯，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据你所能节省的金钱和时间，你可以把白炽灯换成LED灯，把窗户隔热，或者把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。A. bin垃圾桶；B. pump泵；C. ven烤箱；D. cler冷却器。根据上文“r replace yur heating and cling system with a heat”可知，指把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管电动汽车不适合大量的长途公路旅行，在家充电也不是每个人都方便，但它们正变得越来越便宜。A. transprting运输；B. manufacturing制造；C. maintaining维持；D. charging充电。根据上文“Buy an electric vehicle.”可知这里指给电动汽车充电的情况，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尝试植物做的汉堡。A. Imprve改善；B. Search搜索；C. Try尝试；D. Prhibit禁止。根据后文“but the new generatin f plant-based prtein alternatives is clser t the taste f meat than befre(但新一代的植物蛋白替代品比以前更接近肉类的味道)”可知在建议尝试植物做的汉堡。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认素食汉堡的味道并不总是很好，但新一代的植物蛋白替代品比以前更接近肉类的味道。A. great好的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. strange奇怪的；D. riginal起初的。后文but表示转折，说明之前素食汉堡的味道并不总是很好，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，每周吃一两次肉类替代品将减少你所负责的排放。A. In brief简言之；B. Fr example例如；C. In additin此外；D. By cmparisn相比之下。后文是对上文的补充说明，故用in additin。故选C。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
In 1823, a yung wman nticed a strange fssil n a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug ut the bnes and had them carried t her hme. She carefully arranged the skeletn n a table. Then she saw smething extrardinary. The creature’s neck was a meter lng — mre than half the length f its bdy. It was unlike any animal living n Earth.
Even at a yung age, Mary Anning had a talent fr sptting unusual r curius fssils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, s Mary began selling her fssils t cllectrs. A year later, aged just 12, she made her first majr discvery — a crcdile-like skull with a lng skeletn. It turned ut t be a sea creature that lived lng ag. Named ichthysaur, r “fish-lizard”, it was the first extinct animal knwn t science.
Fssil hunting brught in mney, but it was a dangerus ccupatin. One day, a rck fall killed her dg and almst buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she cntinued t lk fr new finds. The lng-necked fssil she uncvered in 1823 was anther lng-dead sea reptile (爬行动物). Knwn as a plesisaur, it wuld inspire legends — including that f the Lch Ness Mnster. Five years later, she fund a fssil with wing bnes and a lng tail. It was ne f the first examples f a ptersaur — a flying creature that disappeared millins f years ag.
Mary was nt nly a skilled fssil hunter; she als carefully examined and recrded her finds. Hwever, she received little credit frm ther scientists. Only ne f her scientific writings was published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was als nt allwed t jin Lndn’s Gelgical Sciety, as nly men culd becme members.
Mary Anning died in 1847, but her cntributins have nt been frgtten. Her finds are nw displayed in museums in Lndn and Paris. The beach near her hme is a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site, knwn as the Jurassic Cast. Her life cntinues t inspire visitrs hping t find their wn fssil wnders. Accrding t Britain’s Natural Histry Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fssil hunter the wrld has ever knwn”. She was als a scientist wh changed the way we think abut life n Earth.
36. Why did Mary Anning start selling fssils?
A. T establish her name as a scientist.B. T raise public interest in her articles.
C. T gain mney t start a museum.D. T earn mney t supprt her family.
37. Which f the fllwing is true abut Mary Anning?
A. She published several scientific articles in her lifetime.
B. She was nearly killed by a rck fall near the beach.
C. She was a member f the Lndn Gelgical Sciety.
D. The beach near her hme is named after her.
38. What is true abut the ptersaur find?
A. It lked similar t the Lch Ness Mnster.
B. It was the first discvery f an extinct animal.
C. It shwed that sme extinct creatures had wings.
D. It demnstrated that Mary Anning was an expert in fssil finds.
39. What wuld be the prper title fr the passage?
A. Lng-Necked Creatures frm the PastB. The Wrld’s Greatest Fssil Hunter
C. The Discvery f the First PtersaurD. Treasure f Fssils
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, s Mary began selling her fssils t cllectrs.(她的父亲在1810年去世，让她的家庭负债累累，所以Mary开始把她的化石卖给收藏家。)”可知，Mary之所以要开始卖化石是因为家中负债累累，她得卖化石养家。故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One day, a rck fall killed her dg and almst buried Mary. (一天，落石砸死了她的狗，差点把Mary埋了。)”可知，Mary差点被落石砸中活埋。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Five years later, she fund a fssil with wing bnes and a lng tail. It was ne f the first examples f a ptersaur — a flying creature that disappeared millins f years ag.(五年后，她发现了一块有翼骨和长尾巴的化石。这是翼龙的首批样本之一，翼龙是一种数百万年前消失的飞行生物。)”可知，翼龙化石的发现表明了一些已经灭绝的生物是有翅膀的。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Accrding t Britain’s Natural Histry Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fssil hunter the wrld has ever knwn”. She was als a scientist wh changed the way we think abut life n Earth.( 英国自然历史博物馆称，Mary Anning是“世界上最伟大的化石猎人”。她还是一位科学家，她改变了我们对地球生命的看法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。所以“The Wrld’s Greatest Fssil Hunter(世界上最伟大的化石猎人)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
(B)
Friendship, like any ther relatinship, needs t be nurtured. T develp a gd friendship, yu need t be cmmitted, and a wrd f gratitude ges a lng way tward sealing bnds. Thank yur friends fr being there fr yu r helping yu rediscver yurself. On Friendship Day, reach ut t yur friends in every crner f the wrld. Use these thank-yu qutes fr friends in cards and messages.
40. Expressing yur gratitude t yur friends may help ________.
A. rediscver yurselfB. cmmit yurself t smething new
C. prmte friendshipD. display yur sincerity
41. Which persn shares the same idea with Oprah Winfrey in terms f friendship?
A. Jhn Lenard.B. Euripides.
C. Ralph Wald Emersn.D. Albert Schweitzer.
42. ________ cmpares life withut friends t ne n a lnely island.
A. Richard BachB. Ralph Wald Emersn
C. Baltasar GraciánD. Albert Schweitzer
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些给朋友表达感谢的名人名言。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“T develp a gd friendship, yu need t be cmmitted, and a wrd f gratitude ges a lng way tward sealing bnds.(要发展一段良好的友谊，你需要有承诺，一句感谢的话对巩固友谊大有帮助)”可知，向朋友表达你的感激之情可能有助于增进友谊。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Euripides部分中“Friends shw their lve in times f truble, nt in happiness.(朋友是在困难时候，而不是在幸福的时候才表达他们的爱)”以及Oprah Winfrey 部分中“Lts f peple want t ride with yu in the lim, but what yu want is smene wh will take the bus with yu when the lim breaks dwn.(很多人都想和你一起坐豪华轿车，但你想要的是，当你的豪华轿车坏了的时候，有人会和你一起坐公共汽车)”可知，在友谊方面，Euripides和Oprah Winfrey有相同的想法。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Strive t have friends, fr life withut friends is like life n a desert island ...(努力拥有朋友，因为没有朋友的生活就像生活在荒岛上……)”可知，Baltasar Gracián把没有朋友的生活比作孤岛上的生活。故选C。
(C)
If yu are a parent f yung children wh brwses parenting websites, yu will at sme pint be invited, thrugh targeted advertising, t enrl yur child in a Glbal Maths Skill Assessment — “t see hw they cmpare t peers glbally”. Yu may be urged t cnsider the pssibility — n, prbability — that they are “gifted” in sme way, if nt in maths, then in music r art. It’s windw-dressing (门面粉饰) fr subscriptin (订阅) services, but the ther day, a line caught my eye that I haven’t been able t frget. “Talent isn’t everything; the imprtant thing is t teach yur child t be kind.”
This psitining f “kindness” as the ppsite f “talent” is cmmn nce yu start lking fr it. Kindness is, everywhere: the cnslatin (安慰) prize, the award fr perfect attendance. A few years ag, nne f this wuld have struck me as ntewrthy. I believed a tendency twards kindness wasn’t smething we were brn with, but instead smething entirely reliant n cultivatin. These days I wnder abut that, and abut ur determinatin t see it that way.
It brings us t the prblem f kindness; nt nly the fact that, in plenty f settings, it can be a cde fr weakness r neediness, but the fact that the wrd itself has been emptied ut thrugh misuse. Real kindness is nt this. Kindness, I try t tell my children, is strength. My child wh is always kind t thers is frequently cnfused by the unfriendliness f thers, at which pint I have t bite my tngue. “Jessica was rude t yu because she’s silly” is nt what I’m ging t teach my seven-year-ld.
Can yu teach smene t be kind? Of curse, but als nly srt f, nt entirely. Yu can discipline them with reasn and rewards in the same way yu can send them t pian every week and eventually they’ll learn t play Twinkle Twinkle. The fact remains that sme peple are kinder than thers nt as a result f external frces but frm sme inbrn ability. The ancient Greek stryteller Aesp said, “N act f kindness, n matter hw small, is ever wasted.” Tw thusand years later, it remains a hard sell.
43. Parenting websites ften make use f varius assessments f children’s talent t ________.
A increase the click-thrugh rateB. prmte their targeted training
C. remind parents f their children’s talentD. have parents subscribe their services
44. In the secnd paragraph, the writer mentins “the cnslatin prize” t shw ________.
A. kindness is viewed as the ppsite f talent
B. cnslatin prize is a kind gesture that shuld be prmted
C. kind deeds are n easy t find
D. kindness deserves t be nticed in the cntemprary sciety
45. What des the underlined phrase “bite my tngue” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Say nthing.B. Let ut my anger.
C. Harm neself accidentally.D. Explain smething in pain.
46. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements des the writer mst prbably agree with?
A. Every child is talented, either in maths, music, art r kindness.
B. Kindness is yur strength t talk back when ffended.
C. Kindness is nt smething that can be easily taught.
D. Teaching can bring abut children’s tendency twards kindness.
【答案】43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者认为善良并不是能够被轻易教会的品质。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If yu are a parent f yung children wh brwses parenting websites, yu will at sme pint be invited, thrugh targeted advertising, t enrl yur child in a Glbal Maths Skill Assessment — “t see hw they cmpare t peers glbally”. Yu may be urged t cnsider the pssibility — n, prbability — that they are “gifted” in sme way, if nt in maths, then in music r art. It’s windw-dressing (门面粉饰) fr subscriptin (订阅) services (如果你是一名浏览育儿网站的孩子的父母，在某个时候，你会通过定向广告，被邀请让你的孩子参加全球数学技能评估——“看看他们与全球同龄人的比较情况”。你可能会被敦促考虑一种可能性——不，是概率——他们在某些方面有“天赋”，如果不是在数学方面，那就是在音乐或艺术方面。这只是订阅服务的门面粉饰。)”可知，这些育儿网站通过对孩子天赋的测评，目的是为了让家长订阅网站的服务。故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“This psitining f “kindness” as the ppsite f “talent” is cmmn nce yu start lking fr it.(一旦你开始寻找善良的对立面，你就会发现善良被定义为天赋的对立面。)”以及上文“Kindness is, everywhere(善良无处不在)”可推断，作者之所以提到“the cnslatin prize(安慰奖)”是为了告诉我们，善良被视作是天赋的对立面。故选A。
【45题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文““Jessica was rude t yu because she’s silly” is nt what I’m ging t teach my seven-year-ld. (“Jessica对你粗鲁是因为她傻”不是我要教我七岁的孩子的。)”可知，作者此时不得不保持沉默。所以bite my tngue为“保持沉默”之意。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Can yu teach smene t be kind? Of curse, but als nly srt f, nt entirely.(你能教一个人变得善良吗?当然，但也只是部分，不是全部。)”以及“The fact remains that sme peple are kinder than thers nt as a result f external frces but frm sme inbrn ability. (事实仍然是，有些人比其他人更善良，不是由于外界的力量，而是由于某些与生俱来的能力。)”可推断，作者认为善良并不是可以轻易教会的品质。故选C。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences in the bx. Each sentence can nly be used nce. Nte that there are tw sentences mre than yu need.
The night sky has been an endless surce f fascinatin since the start f human histry. Fr example, the mysterius large-eyed, brnze statues f the ancient Shu Kingdm, discvered at the Chinese archelgical site at Sanxingdui, were believed t have been able t lk acrss great distances int the stars. In reality, humans can see very little f the night sky with the naked eye. And, fr a lng while, peple were unable t understand what they culd see. ____47____
Our pwer t investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescpe (望远镜) was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the pwer f the human eye and enabling us t understand that the universe is far larger than was previusly imaginable. The planets were seen t be wrlds similar t ur wn, many f them even having their wn mns.
____48____ Sme 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just ne galaxy amng billins f thers, spread acrss the blackness f space like great islands f light and matter flating in a vast csmic cean.
Almst 400 years after the first Earth-based telescpe was invented, the Hubble Space Telescpe was launched int rbit, giving astrnmers indeed all f us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images f ur universe taken frm beynd Earth. ____49____ It has als helped us t wrk ut the age and nature f the universe, and discver the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
____50____ Currently, China perates the wrld’s largest and mst pwerful radi telescpe, the FAST telescpe, cmpleted in 2016. The 500-metre dish f the “Eye f Heaven”, as it is knwn, is being used in the search fr dark matter. This vast dish als has the ability t explre regins f space billins f light years away, right at the edge f the visible universe.
A. The success f the Hubble has depended n teams f engineers, technicians, scientists, and astrnauts wrking tgether n high perfrmance challenges fr the cause.
B. Sn, it was understd that the Sun was just ne star amng billins in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
C. Nt knwing what the stars were, peple in ancient times used their imaginatins t create a wrld in the sky.
D. T see even further int the universe, many cuntries are nw engaged in building ever mre advanced telescpes.
E. S much f the Milky Way remains unexplred that we are still clse t the start f this incredible jurney f discvery.
F. Nthing in histry has allwed us t see s much ver such great distances, frm cluds f gas where stars are being brn t new planets where we might find life.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们探索宇宙的发展过程。
【47题详解】
根据前文“The night sky has been an endless surce f fascinatin since the start f human histry. Fr example, the mysterius large-eyed, brnze statues f the ancient Shu Kingdm, discvered at the Chinese archelgical site at Sanxingdui, were believed t have been able t lk acrss great distances int the stars.In reality, humans can see very little f the night sky with the naked eye. And, fr a lng while, peple were unable t understand what they culd see. ”（自人类历史开始以来，夜空一直是无穷无尽的魅力之源。例如，在三星堆中国遗迹发现的古蜀国神秘的大眼青铜雕像，被认为可以遥望星空。事实上，人类用肉眼只能看到夜空中很小的一部分，并且在很长一段时间里，人们无法理解他们所看到的东西）可知，空处应承接前文，讲述人们对自己所看到的无法解释的这些东西，产生了一种想象，构造了一个空中的景象。选项C.“由于不知道星星是什么，古代的人们用他们的想象力在天空中创造了一个世界。”，切题，故选C。
【48题详解】
根据后文“Sme 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just ne galaxy amng billins f thers, spread acrss the blackness f space like great islands f light and matter flating in a vast csmic cean.”（大约300年后，我们了解到，银河系本身只是数十亿个星系中的一个，它散布在黑暗的太空中，就像漂浮在浩瀚宇宙海洋中的光与物质的巨大岛屿。）提到了人们逐步对银河系的理解有了深入，所以，空处可以描述在此之前，人们对银河系的认识的情形。选项B.“很快，人们就认识到太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿星系中的一颗。”，选项中“galaxy”为原词重现，切题，故选B。
【49题详解】
根据前文“Almst 400 years after the first Earth-based telescpe was invented, the Hubble Space Telescpe was launched int rbit, giving astrnmers indeed all f us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images f ur universe taken frm beynd Earth.”（在第一架地球望远镜发明近400年后，这架哈勃空间望远镜被发射进入轨道，给天文学家们以及我们所有人带来了第一张从地球以外拍摄的宇宙美得令人惊叹的照片。）讲述了哈勃望远镜带给人们对宇宙的认识。后文“It has als helped us t wrk ut the age and nature f the universe, and discver the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.”（它还帮助我们计算出宇宙的年龄和性质，并发现宇宙正在以不断增长的速度膨胀这一令人难以置信的事实。）als一词表明，空处的内容应同样讲述哈勃望远镜的应用的意义。选项F.“从恒星诞生的气体云到我们可能发现生命的新行星，历史上没有什么能让我们在如此遥远的距离上看到如此多的东西。”，肯定了哈勃望远镜的使用，丰富了人们对宇宙的认知，切题，故选F。
【50题详解】
根据后文“Currently, China perates the wrld’s largest and mst pwerful radi telescpe, the FAST telescpe, cmpleted in 2016. The 500-metre dish f the “Eye f Heaven”, as it is knwn, is being used in the search fr dark matter. ”（目前，中国运营着世界上最大、最强大的射电望远镜—— FAST 望远镜，于2016年完工。众所周知，500米长的“天眼”碟形天线被用于寻找暗物质。）举例说明了在认知宇宙方面，中国发明了射电望远镜。空处总领整段，应提出在探索宇宙问题上，许多国家都在建造更先进的望远镜。选项D.“为了更深入地观察宇宙，许多国家正致力于建造更先进的望远镜。”切题，故选D。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Parents, teachers, and anyne wh regularly deals with teenagers knw hw difficult the adlescent years can be. Adlescents have always been knwn t d wild — even dangerus — thing. Nw, brain-imaging technlgy allws scientists t study the physical develpment f the brain in mre detail than ever befre. Their discveries have led t a new thery f why teens act the way they d.
Recently, scientists discvered that thugh ur brains are almst at their full size by the age f six, they are far frm fully develped. Only during adlescence d ur brains truly “grw up”. During this time, they g thrugh great changes, like a cmputer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was nce thught t be finished by abut age 12. Nw, scientists have cncluded that ur brains cntinue t change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing ur impulses (冲动) with the need t fllw rules. Hwever, a brain that is still develping des this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavir seen in teenagers.
The studies cnfirm that teens are mre likely t take risks and behave in extreme ways. Frtunately, the news isn’t all negative. As brain scientist B.J. Casey pints ut, the teen brain inspires such behavir in rder t help teenagers prepare fr adult life.
One way the brain des this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards. Researchers fund that when teens think abut rewards, their brains release mre f the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain wuld. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem mre imprtant than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement f new experiences mre keenly than adults d.
Research int the structure f the teen brain als fund that it makes scial cnnectins seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need t meet new peple. It, therefre, cnnects scial rewards with even mre pleasure. In this way, the brain encurages teens t have a wide circle f friends, which is believed t make them mre successful in life.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
Scientists discvered the cause f teenagers’ unpredictable behavirs thanks t brain-imaging technlgy. Studies shw that brains cntinue t grw until age 25, s teenagers’ still-develping brains causes them t take risks. Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains d and stimulate them t have mre scial cnnectins, paving the way fr their future success.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，多亏了大脑成像技术，科学家们发现了青少年不可预测行为的原因。研究表明，大脑在25岁之前会继续生长，所以青少年仍在发育的大脑会让他们冒险。青少年的大脑衡量风险和回报的方式与成年人不同，这刺激他们建立更多的社会联系，为他们未来的成功铺平道路。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Nw, brain-imaging technlgy allws scientists t study the physical develpment f the brain in mre detail than ever befre. Their discveries have led t a new thery f why teens act the way they d.
②Nw, scientists have cncluded that ur brains cntinue t change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing ur impulses (冲动) with the need t fllw rules.
③Hwever, a brain that is still develping des this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavir seen in teenagers.
④One way the brain des this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards.
⑤Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem mre imprtant than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement f new experiences mre keenly than adults d.
⑥It, therefre, cnnects scial rewards with even mre pleasure. In this way, the brain encurages teens t have a wide circle f friends, which is believed t make them mre successful in life.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3和4、5、6几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Scientists discvered the cause f teenagers’ unpredictable behavirs thanks t brain-imaging technlgy.
Studies shw that brains cntinue t grw until age 25, s teenagers’ still-develping brains causes them t take risks.
Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains d and stimulate them t have mre scial cnnectins, paving the way fr their future success.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Studies shw that brains cntinue t grw until age 25, s teenagers’ still-develping brains causes them t take risks.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]：Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains d and stimulate them t have mre scial cnnectins, paving the way fr their future success. (运用了现在分词作状语)
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 诗歌是一面镜子，让我们反思自己的生活。(serve as) （汉译英）
【答案】Petry serves as a mirrr that allws us t reflect n ur lives.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态和定语从句。分析句子可知，“诗歌是一面镜子”是主句，主语“诗歌”用petry表示，抽象名词不可数，“是，充当”是谓语，可用动词短语serve as表示，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态单数形式serves as，“一面镜子”是宾语，用a mirrr表示；“让我们反思自己的生活”可处理为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a mirrr，先行词在定语从句中充当主语，可用关系代词that引导该从句，“让……”是从句谓语动词，一般现在时单数形式，用动词allws，“我们”是宾语，用us表示，“反思自己的生活”是宾语补足语，用不定式短语t reflect n ur lives。综上，全句译为：Petry serves as a mirrr that allws us t reflect n ur lives.
53. 究竟是什么导致了古希腊文明的兴衰?(n earth) （汉译英）
【答案】What n earth cntributed t/led t/ caused the rise and fall f the civilizatin f ancient Greece?
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。结合句意表示“究竟是什么”可知短语为what n earth；表示“导致”短语为cntribute t/lead t/ cause，表示“古希腊文明的兴衰”翻译为the rise and fall f the civilizatin f ancient Greece。句子用一般过去时。故翻译为What n earth cntributed t/led t/ caused the rise and fall f the civilizatin f ancient Greece?
54. 这次社会实践的初衷是鼓励那些依赖手机的学生们远离手机，激发他们去发现身边的美。(intend)（汉译英）
【答案】This scial practice is intended t encurage thse students wh rely/depend n their mbile phnes t put aside/stay away frm their mbile phnes and inspire them t discver beauty arund them.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。scial practice社会实践；be intended t意图，初衷； encurage sb. t d sth.鼓励某人做某事；rely/depend n依赖；put aside/stay away frm远离；mbile phne手机；inspire sb. t d sth.激励某人做某事。句中先行词thse students，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词wh引导。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为This scial practice is intended t encurage thse students wh rely/depend n their mbile phnes t put aside/stay away frm their mbile phnes and inspire them t discver beauty arund them.
55. 尽管教授由于疫情无法亲临会议现场，但他依然为在校师生们做了一场围绕科技发展的精彩绝伦的在线演讲。(such) （汉译英）
【答案】Althugh the prfessr wasn’t able t cme t the meeting/ attend the meeting in persn due t the crna-virus utbreak/ pandemic / epidemic, he still gave/ delivered such a fantastic nline speech as clsely centered n the develpment f science and technlgy t students and teachers in schl.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和从句。表示“尽管……但是”应用althugh引导让步状语从句，表示“教授”用prfessr；表示“由于”用because f；表示“疫情”用the crna-virus utbreak/pandemic/epidemic；故从句“尽管教授由于疫情无法亲临会议现场”表达为althugh the prfessr wasn’t able t cme t the meeting/ attend the meeting in persn due t the crna-virus utbreak/ pandemic / epidemic；表示“一场精彩绝伦的演讲”用such a fantastic speech；表示“在线”用nline；表示“科技发展”的短语为develpment f science and technlgy，表示“发表”用gave/deliver；表示“全校师生”用students and teachers in schl。根据语境本句说明一件过去发生的事情，应使用过去时来表达。故翻译为Althugh the prfessr wasn’t able t cme t the meeting/ attend the meeting in persn due t the crna-virus utbreak/ pandemic / epidemic, he still gave/ delivered such a fantastic nline speech as clsely centered n the develpment f science and technlgy t students and teachers in schl.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120—150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假定你是李敏，你班计划组织主题为“培养毅力、快乐学习”的远足活动，请你写一封电子邮件，邀请外教Edisn一起参加。内容包括：
(1)本次活动的目的和意义；
(2)活动的具体安排，如时间、地点、远足路线和相关活动；
(3)所需物品和注意事项。
(文中不要出现真实姓名和学校名称)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Edisin
Hw is everything ging with yu? Our class has planned t rganize an uting, the theme f which is “Develping Perserverance, Learning Happily”. In terms f its great significance, I am writing t invite yu t take part in it.
Intended t aruse the affectin t nature and strengthen ur bdy and mind, this sightseeing will start at 8:00 a.m. this Sunday frm ur schl gate. The hikers cnsist f almst all the schl staff and students. As it is planned, we’re t visit the Natinal Park at abut ten ’clck and next, enjy the beautiful scenery utdrs and admire the natural wnders thrughut the Park, where lts f unique and special designs were built fr decades by the natural frce.
If yu’re interested in the uting, yu’d better prepare yurself s pair f cmfrtable shes, a twel and sme snacks in case yu are hungry. Last but nt the least, it’s f great imprtance t be n time s that yu will nt be left behind.
Hpefully, yu can participate in the uting. Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Min
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生邀请外教Edisn一起参加班级计划组织主题为“培养毅力、快乐学习”的远足活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
计划，安排：plan → arrange
参加：take part in → jin in
开始：start → begin
由……组成：cnsist f → be cmpsed f
2. 句式拓展
句式转换
原句：Our class has planned t rganize an uting, the theme f which is “Develping Perserverance, Learning Happily”.
转换句：Our class has planned t rganize an uting, whse theme is “Develping Perserverance, Learning Happily”.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Intended t aruse the affectin t nature and strength ur bdy and mind, this sightseeing will start at 8:00 a.m. this Sunday frm ur schl gate.（运用了过去分词作状语）
【高分句型2】
As it is planned, we’re t visit the Natinal Park at abut ten ’clck and next, enjy the beautiful scenery utdrs and admire the natural wnders thrughut the Park, where lts f unique and special designs were built fr decades by the natural frce.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）A.abard B. alarmed C. eventually D. apparently E. huses F. launching
G. leading H. missins I. rush J. speedy K. split
Jhn Lenard
“It takes a lng time t grw an ld friend.”
Henry David Threau
“The language f friendship is nt wrds, but meanings.”
Richard Bach
“Every gift frm a friend is a wish fr yur happiness."
Euripides
“Friends shw their lve in times f truble, nt in happiness.”
Lucius Annaeus Seneca
“One f the mst beautiful qualities f true friendship is t understand and t be understd.”
Oprah Winfrey
“Lts f peple want t ride with yu in the lim, but what yu want is smene wh will take the bus with yu when the lim breaks dwn.”
Ralph Wald Emersn
“The glry f friendship is nt the utstretched hand, nr the kindly smile, nr the jy f cmpaninship; it is the spiritual inspiratin that cmes t ne when he discvers that smene else believes in him and is willing t trust him.”
Baltasar Gracián
“True friendship multiplies the gd in life and divides its evils. Strive t have friends, fr life withut friends is like life n a desert island ... T find ne real friend in a lifetime is gd frtune; t keep him is a blessing.”
Albert Schweitzer
“In everyne’s life, at sme time, ur inner fire ges ut. It is then burst int flame by an encunter with anther persn. We shuld all be thankful fr thse peple wh rekindle (重新点燃) the inner spirit.”
I. Listening Cmprehensin
略
II. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
While the practice f mindfulness has becme increasingly ppular, its rts can be traced back thusands f years t Buddhism (佛教). One f the peple ften ____1____ (think) t bring mindfulness t the West is Jn Kabat-Zinn, wh develped an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reductin prgram and funded ____2____ is nw the Center fr Mindfulness at the University f Massachusetts Medical Schl in 1979. Kabat-Zinn mixed Buddhist ideas abut mindfulness with science, making it mre accessible t ____3____ in the West.
Sn, mindfulness made its way int clinical settings and has been successful in treating health issues ____4____ anxiety and depressin. A large quantity f studies ____5____ (fcus) n the ability f mindfulness meditatin ver the past few years. Fr example, in a 2003 study f cancer patients, increased mindfulness was shwn t effectively reduce stress and anxiety. Given the way ____6____ mindfulness can decrease stress, it cmes as n surprise that it can als help deal with emtinal prblems.
Anther study indicates mindfulness may als imprve wrking memry. Jha and clleagues investigated its impact n military participants during a stressful time, ____7____ stress has been shwn t decrease wrking memry. One grup attended an eight-week mindfulness meditatin curse but the thers did nt. Wrking memry decreased in the cntrl grup; hwever, in the mindfulness grup, wrking memry decreased in thse wh spent the least time n mindfulness meditatin but increased in thse wh spent mst f their free time ____8____ (practise) mindfulness meditatin.
Clearly, mindfulness has many benefits, but it’s nt a cure-all. Fr example, ne study fund that fllwing mindfulness meditatin, participants were ____9____ (likely) t frm accurate memries. It may even result in severe anxiety fr thse PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) patients wh tend ____10____ (avid) thughts and feelings related t their sad past.
【答案】1. thught
2. what 3. thse
4. like 5. has fcused##has been fcused
6. that 7. as##because
8. practising
9. less likely
10. t avid
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正念的起源和它的功用。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Jn Kabat-Zinn是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于1979年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中心。提示词think(认为)作后置定语修饰名词词组One f the peple，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语One f the peple之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填thught。
【2题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：Jn Kabat-Zinn是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于1979年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中心。空格后是及物动词fund后的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用连接代词what引导该宾语从句，作主语。故填what。
【3题详解】
考查代词。句意：Kabat-Zinn将佛教关于正念的思想与科学结合起来，使其更容易为西方人所接受。根据句意，句中指代“西方人”，用复数代词thse。故填thse。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：很快，正念进入了临床环境，并成功地治疗了焦虑和抑郁等健康问题。根据句意，anxiety和depressin是对health issues的举例说明，可用介词like引出列举对象，意为“例如，譬如”。故填like。
【5题详解】
考查动词时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，大量的研究集中在正念冥想的能力。fcus n(聚焦，集中)是句中谓语动词，结合时间状语ver the past few years可知应用现在完成时态，与主语之间可理解为主动关系“研究集中于……”，用主动语态，也可理解为被动关系“研究被聚焦于……”，用被动语态，又因“a large quantity f+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，所以谓语动词用现在完成时主动或被动语态，单数形式。故填has fcused/has been fcused。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：考虑到正念可以减少压力，它也可以帮助处理情绪问题就不足为奇了。分析句子可知，空格后是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词way(方式)；名词way表示“方式”时，其后定语从句可用关系词that或者in which引导，也可省略引导词，结合语法填空特征，本题用关系代词that引导。故填that。
【7题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：Jha和他同事调查了压力对军事参与者的影响，因为压力已经被证明会降低工作记忆。根据句意，上下文上之间存在因果关系，用从属连词as或者because引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对照组的工作记忆下降；然而，在正念组中，花最少时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆下降，而花大部分空闲时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆增加。spend sme time (in) ding sth.是固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填practising。
【9题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，一项研究发现，在正念冥想之后，参与者不太可能形成准确的记忆。结合上文“it’s nt a cure-all”可知，句中讲正念冥想的不足之处，用比较级less likely表示否定意思，意为“不太可能”。故填less likely。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它甚至可能导致那些创伤后应激障碍患者严重焦虑，他们倾向于避免与悲伤的过去有关的想法和感受。tend t d...为固定搭配，意为“倾向于……”，跟不定式作宾语。故填t avid。
Sectin B
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in each blank with a prper wrd given in the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne mre wrd than yu need.
The histry f space explratin in China stretches back t 900 A.D., when innvatrs in the cuntry pineered the first simple rckets. The China Natinal Space Administratin (CNSA) sent the first Chinese astrnaut int space in 2003. Tday, China is a(n) ____11____ player in the wrldwide space explratin effrt.
In the mid-20th century, China watched as the U.S. and Sviet Unin began their ____12____ t becme the first natin n the mn. Bth the U.S. and the Sviet Unin demnstrated prgress twards putting weapns int rbit, which naturally ____13____ China and ther cuntries. In respnse t these cncerns, China began t pursue space travel in the late 1950s. At first, China had a jint cperatin agreement with the Sviet Unin and later China began t chart its wn path t space, ____14____ its first rckets in September 1960.
Starting in the late 1960s, China began wrking n space vehicle capable f carrying humans int space. Hwever, the prcess was nt a(n) ____15____ ne. In 1988, China created the Ministry f Aerspace Industry. After a few years, the ministry was ____16____ up t establish the China Natinal Space Administratin and the China Aerspace Science and Technlgy Crpratin.
The first Chinese astrnaut t travel t space, Yang Liwei, was sent by the CNSA. In 2003, he rde t rbit ____17____ a Shenzhu 5 capsule n tp f a Lng March family rcket. The flight was shrt – just 21 hurs lng – but it granted China title f the third cuntry t ever send a human int space and safely return them t Earth.
Tday, China’s space prgram is aimed at ____18____ sending astrnauts t the Mn and beynd. In additin t thse types f launches, China has built tw space statins: Tiangng 1 and Tiangng 2. Tiangng 1 has been de-rbited, but the secnd statin, Tiangng 2, is still in use and currently ____19____ a variety f science experiments. A third Chinese space statin is planned fr launch in the early 2020s. If all ges as planned, the new space statin will bring astrnauts t rbit fr lng-term _____20_____ in research statins.
【答案】11. G 12. I
13. B 14. F
15. J 16. K
17. A 18. C
19. E 20. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了中国航空航天的历史以及取得的成就。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：今天，中国在全球太空探索努力中处于领先地位。空处填形容词作定语，leading“主要的，居前的”符合句意。故选G项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：在20世纪中期，中国目睹了美国和苏联开始争相成为第一个登上月球的国家。began后接名词作宾语，rush“冲，奔，争做”符合句意。故选I项。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：美国和苏联都展示了在将武器送入轨道方面取得的进展，这自然让中国和其他国家感到惊恐。定语从句缺少谓语，根据“demnstrated”可知，为一般过去时，alarm“使惊恐；使害怕”符合句意，故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：起初，中国与苏联签署了联合合作协议，后来中国开始规划自己的太空之路，并于1960年9月发射了第一枚火箭。分析句子可知，空处填非谓语动词。与China在逻辑上是主动关系。再根据“its first rckets”可知，launching“发射”符合句意。故选F项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，这一过程并不迅速。空处填形容词作表语，speedy“快速的”符合句意。故选J项。
【16题详解】
考查语态。句意：几年后，该部被拆分为中国国家航天局和中国航天科技集团公司。根据下文“establish the China Natinal Space Administratin and the China Aerspace Science and Technlgy Crpratin.”可知，该部被拆分为中国国家航天局和中国航天科技集团公司。be split up “被分裂”符合句意。故选K项。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：2003年，他乘坐长征系列运载火箭上的神舟五号太空舱进入轨道。空处缺少介词，abard“上（船、飞机、火车等）”符合句意。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：如今，中国的太空计划旨在最终将宇航员送上月球及更远的地方。副词作状语修饰动词，eventually“最终地”符合句意。故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：天宫一号已经脱离轨道，但第二个空间站天宫二号仍在使用中，目前承载着各种科学实验。空处缺少谓语且为一般现在时，huse“安置，容纳”符合句意。故选E项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果一切按计划进行，新空间站将把宇航员送入轨道，在研究站执行长期任务。fr后接名词，根据“in research statins”可知，在研究站执行长期任务,missin可数名词，用复数形式。故选H项。
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
The market is ruled by supply and demand, and as a cnsumer yu can have a huge impact n the ____21____ side f the equatin (等式). If all f us make individual changes in what we buy and use, it can ____22____ up t a lt.
But reducing yur wn carbn emissins isn’t the mst pwerful thing yu can d. Yu can als send a signal t the market that peple are ____23____ t pay fr zer-carbn alternatives. When yu pay mre fr an electric car, a heat pump, r a plant-based burger, yu’re saying, “There’s a market fr this stuff. We’ll buy it.” If enugh peple send the same ____24____, cmpanies will respnd — in my experience, quite ____25____. They’ll put mre mney and time int making lw-emissins prducts, which will ____26____ the prices f thse prducts. It will make investrs mre cnfident abut funding new cmpanies that are making the ____27____. Withut that demand signal, the innvatins that gvernments and businesses invest in will stay n the ____28____. Or they wn’t get develped in the first place, because there’s n ____29____ incentive (刺激) t make them.
Here are sme specific steps yu can take:
Reduce yur hme’s emissins. Depending n hw much mney and time yu can spare, yu can ____30____ yur incandescent lightbulbs (白炽灯泡) with LEDs, insulate (使隔热) yur windws, r replace yur heating and cling system with a heat ____31____.
Buy an electric vehicle. Althugh EVs are nt suitable fr lts f lng-distance rad trips, and ____32____ at hme isn’t cnvenient fr everyne, they’re becming mre affrdable. This is ne f the places where cnsumer behavir can have a huge impact: If peple buy lts f them, cmpanies will make lts f them.
____33____ a plant-based burger. I’ll admit vegetarian burgers haven’t always tasted ____34____, but the new generatin f plant-based prtein alternatives is clser t the taste f meat than befre. Buying these prducts sends a message that making them is a wise investment. ____35____, eating a meat substitute just nce r twice a week will cut dwn n the emissins yu’re respnsible fr.
21. A. marketB. cnsumptinC. supplyD. demand
22. A. lkB. takeC. addD. live
23. A. agreeableB. indifferentC. reluctantD. willing
24. A. dataB. signalC. wrdD. request
25. A. quicklyB. easilyC. steadilyD. neutrally
26. A. push upB. drive dwnC. check utD. settle dwn
27. A. breakthrughsB. cnclusinsC. calculatinsD. cnsequences
28. A. fficeB. fieldC. tradeD. shelf
29. A. pssibleB. alternativeC. ecnmicD. efficient
30. A. purchaseB. recycleC. abandnD. replace
31. A. binB. pumpC. venD. cler
32. A. transprtingB. manufacturingC. maintainingD. charging
33. A. ImprveB. SearchC. TryD. Prhibit
34. A. greatB. terribleC. strangeD. riginal
35. A. In briefB. Fr exampleC. In additinD. By cmparisn
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。市场是由供需决定的，作为消费者，你可以对等式的需求端产生巨大的影响。文章主要解释了消费者的需求是如何影响市场生产的，以及一些减少碳排放的建议。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：市场是由供需决定的，作为消费者，你可以对等式的需求端产生巨大的影响。A. market市场；B. cnsumptin消费；C. supply供应；D. demand要求。根据上文“The market is ruled by supply and demand”可知，消费者是市场的需求端，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们每个人都在购买和使用的东西上做出个人的改变，就会累积很多。A. lk看；B. take带走；C. add增加；D. live居住。根据上文“If all f us make individual changes in what we buy and use”指每个人都在购买和使用的东西上做出个人的改变，就会累积很多。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你还可以向市场发出一个信号，即人们愿意为零碳替代品付费。A. agreeable愉悦的；B. indifferent冷淡的；C. reluctant不情愿的；D. willing愿意的。根据后文“t pay fr zer-carbn alternatives”指人们愿意为零碳替代品付费。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果有足够多的人发出同样的信号，公司就会做出反应——以我的经验来看，反应相当迅速。A. data数据；B. signal信号；C. wrd单词；D. request要求。呼应上文“Yu can als send a signal”指每个人发出同样的信号。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果有足够多的人发出同样的信号，公司就会做出反应——以我的经验来看，反应相当迅速。A. quickly快速地；B. easily容易地；C. steadily稳定地；D. neutrally中立地。根据后文“They’ll put mre mney and time int making lw-emissins prducts”指公司对人们的需求迅速做出反应。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们将投入更多的资金和时间生产低排放产品，这将压低这些产品的价格。A. push up提高；B. drive dwn压低；C. check ut检验；D. settle dwn定居。根据上文“They’ll put mre mney and time int making lw-emissins prducts”可知，投入更多的资金和时间生产低排放产品，即产出的产品增加，故压低了产品价格。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它会使投资者对融资新公司更有信心突破。A. breakthrughs突破；B. cnclusins结论；C. calculatins计算；D. cnsequences结果。根据上文“It will make investrs mre cnfident abut funding new cmpanies that are making the”指有信心做出突破，make the breakthrughs“做出突破”。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有这种需求信号，政府和企业投资的创新就会束之高阁。A. ffice办公室；B. field领域；C. trade交易；D. shelf架子。根据后文“Or they wn’t get develped in the first place”可知，没有这种需求信号，政府和企业投资的创新就会束之高阁。stay n the shelf表示“束之高阁”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：或者它们一开始就不会被开发出来，因为没有经济动力去开发它们。A. pssible可能的；B. alternative可替代的；C. ecnmic经济的；D. efficient效率高的。结合上文可知，没有消费者的需求，公司就不会投入资金和时间来生产产品，故因为没有经济动力去开发它们。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据你所能节省的金钱和时间，你可以把白炽灯换成LED灯，把窗户隔热，或者把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。A. purchase购买；B. recycle回收；C. abandn抛弃；D. replace取代。根据后文“yur incandescent lightbulbs with LEDs”指把白炽灯换成LED灯，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据你所能节省的金钱和时间，你可以把白炽灯换成LED灯，把窗户隔热，或者把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。A. bin垃圾桶；B. pump泵；C. ven烤箱；D. cler冷却器。根据上文“r replace yur heating and cling system with a heat”可知，指把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管电动汽车不适合大量的长途公路旅行，在家充电也不是每个人都方便，但它们正变得越来越便宜。A. transprting运输；B. manufacturing制造；C. maintaining维持；D. charging充电。根据上文“Buy an electric vehicle.”可知这里指给电动汽车充电的情况，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尝试植物做的汉堡。A. Imprve改善；B. Search搜索；C. Try尝试；D. Prhibit禁止。根据后文“but the new generatin f plant-based prtein alternatives is clser t the taste f meat than befre(但新一代的植物蛋白替代品比以前更接近肉类的味道)”可知在建议尝试植物做的汉堡。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认素食汉堡的味道并不总是很好，但新一代的植物蛋白替代品比以前更接近肉类的味道。A. great好的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. strange奇怪的；D. riginal起初的。后文but表示转折，说明之前素食汉堡的味道并不总是很好，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，每周吃一两次肉类替代品将减少你所负责的排放。A. In brief简言之；B. Fr example例如；C. In additin此外；D. By cmparisn相比之下。后文是对上文的补充说明，故用in additin。故选C。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
In 1823, a yung wman nticed a strange fssil n a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug ut the bnes and had them carried t her hme. She carefully arranged the skeletn n a table. Then she saw smething extrardinary. The creature’s neck was a meter lng — mre than half the length f its bdy. It was unlike any animal living n Earth.
Even at a yung age, Mary Anning had a talent fr sptting unusual r curius fssils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, s Mary began selling her fssils t cllectrs. A year later, aged just 12, she made her first majr discvery — a crcdile-like skull with a lng skeletn. It turned ut t be a sea creature that lived lng ag. Named ichthysaur, r “fish-lizard”, it was the first extinct animal knwn t science.
Fssil hunting brught in mney, but it was a dangerus ccupatin. One day, a rck fall killed her dg and almst buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she cntinued t lk fr new finds. The lng-necked fssil she uncvered in 1823 was anther lng-dead sea reptile (爬行动物). Knwn as a plesisaur, it wuld inspire legends — including that f the Lch Ness Mnster. Five years later, she fund a fssil with wing bnes and a lng tail. It was ne f the first examples f a ptersaur — a flying creature that disappeared millins f years ag.
Mary was nt nly a skilled fssil hunter; she als carefully examined and recrded her finds. Hwever, she received little credit frm ther scientists. Only ne f her scientific writings was published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was als nt allwed t jin Lndn’s Gelgical Sciety, as nly men culd becme members.
Mary Anning died in 1847, but her cntributins have nt been frgtten. Her finds are nw displayed in museums in Lndn and Paris. The beach near her hme is a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site, knwn as the Jurassic Cast. Her life cntinues t inspire visitrs hping t find their wn fssil wnders. Accrding t Britain’s Natural Histry Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fssil hunter the wrld has ever knwn”. She was als a scientist wh changed the way we think abut life n Earth.
36. Why did Mary Anning start selling fssils?
A. T establish her name as a scientist.B. T raise public interest in her articles.
C. T gain mney t start a museum.D. T earn mney t supprt her family.
37. Which f the fllwing is true abut Mary Anning?
A. She published several scientific articles in her lifetime.
B. She was nearly killed by a rck fall near the beach.
C. She was a member f the Lndn Gelgical Sciety.
D. The beach near her hme is named after her.
38. What is true abut the ptersaur find?
A. It lked similar t the Lch Ness Mnster.
B. It was the first discvery f an extinct animal.
C. It shwed that sme extinct creatures had wings.
D. It demnstrated that Mary Anning was an expert in fssil finds.
39. What wuld be the prper title fr the passage?
A. Lng-Necked Creatures frm the PastB. The Wrld’s Greatest Fssil Hunter
C. The Discvery f the First PtersaurD. Treasure f Fssils
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, s Mary began selling her fssils t cllectrs.(她的父亲在1810年去世，让她的家庭负债累累，所以Mary开始把她的化石卖给收藏家。)”可知，Mary之所以要开始卖化石是因为家中负债累累，她得卖化石养家。故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One day, a rck fall killed her dg and almst buried Mary. (一天，落石砸死了她的狗，差点把Mary埋了。)”可知，Mary差点被落石砸中活埋。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Five years later, she fund a fssil with wing bnes and a lng tail. It was ne f the first examples f a ptersaur — a flying creature that disappeared millins f years ag.(五年后，她发现了一块有翼骨和长尾巴的化石。这是翼龙的首批样本之一，翼龙是一种数百万年前消失的飞行生物。)”可知，翼龙化石的发现表明了一些已经灭绝的生物是有翅膀的。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Accrding t Britain’s Natural Histry Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fssil hunter the wrld has ever knwn”. She was als a scientist wh changed the way we think abut life n Earth.( 英国自然历史博物馆称，Mary Anning是“世界上最伟大的化石猎人”。她还是一位科学家，她改变了我们对地球生命的看法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。所以“The Wrld’s Greatest Fssil Hunter(世界上最伟大的化石猎人)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
(B)
Friendship, like any ther relatinship, needs t be nurtured. T develp a gd friendship, yu need t be cmmitted, and a wrd f gratitude ges a lng way tward sealing bnds. Thank yur friends fr being there fr yu r helping yu rediscver yurself. On Friendship Day, reach ut t yur friends in every crner f the wrld. Use these thank-yu qutes fr friends in cards and messages.
40. Expressing yur gratitude t yur friends may help ________.
A. rediscver yurselfB. cmmit yurself t smething new
C. prmte friendshipD. display yur sincerity
41. Which persn shares the same idea with Oprah Winfrey in terms f friendship?
A. Jhn Lenard.B. Euripides.
C. Ralph Wald Emersn.D. Albert Schweitzer.
42. ________ cmpares life withut friends t ne n a lnely island.
A. Richard BachB. Ralph Wald Emersn
C. Baltasar GraciánD. Albert Schweitzer
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些给朋友表达感谢的名人名言。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“T develp a gd friendship, yu need t be cmmitted, and a wrd f gratitude ges a lng way tward sealing bnds.(要发展一段良好的友谊，你需要有承诺，一句感谢的话对巩固友谊大有帮助)”可知，向朋友表达你的感激之情可能有助于增进友谊。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Euripides部分中“Friends shw their lve in times f truble, nt in happiness.(朋友是在困难时候，而不是在幸福的时候才表达他们的爱)”以及Oprah Winfrey 部分中“Lts f peple want t ride with yu in the lim, but what yu want is smene wh will take the bus with yu when the lim breaks dwn.(很多人都想和你一起坐豪华轿车，但你想要的是，当你的豪华轿车坏了的时候，有人会和你一起坐公共汽车)”可知，在友谊方面，Euripides和Oprah Winfrey有相同的想法。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Strive t have friends, fr life withut friends is like life n a desert island ...(努力拥有朋友，因为没有朋友的生活就像生活在荒岛上……)”可知，Baltasar Gracián把没有朋友的生活比作孤岛上的生活。故选C。
(C)
If yu are a parent f yung children wh brwses parenting websites, yu will at sme pint be invited, thrugh targeted advertising, t enrl yur child in a Glbal Maths Skill Assessment — “t see hw they cmpare t peers glbally”. Yu may be urged t cnsider the pssibility — n, prbability — that they are “gifted” in sme way, if nt in maths, then in music r art. It’s windw-dressing (门面粉饰) fr subscriptin (订阅) services, but the ther day, a line caught my eye that I haven’t been able t frget. “Talent isn’t everything; the imprtant thing is t teach yur child t be kind.”
This psitining f “kindness” as the ppsite f “talent” is cmmn nce yu start lking fr it. Kindness is, everywhere: the cnslatin (安慰) prize, the award fr perfect attendance. A few years ag, nne f this wuld have struck me as ntewrthy. I believed a tendency twards kindness wasn’t smething we were brn with, but instead smething entirely reliant n cultivatin. These days I wnder abut that, and abut ur determinatin t see it that way.
It brings us t the prblem f kindness; nt nly the fact that, in plenty f settings, it can be a cde fr weakness r neediness, but the fact that the wrd itself has been emptied ut thrugh misuse. Real kindness is nt this. Kindness, I try t tell my children, is strength. My child wh is always kind t thers is frequently cnfused by the unfriendliness f thers, at which pint I have t bite my tngue. “Jessica was rude t yu because she’s silly” is nt what I’m ging t teach my seven-year-ld.
Can yu teach smene t be kind? Of curse, but als nly srt f, nt entirely. Yu can discipline them with reasn and rewards in the same way yu can send them t pian every week and eventually they’ll learn t play Twinkle Twinkle. The fact remains that sme peple are kinder than thers nt as a result f external frces but frm sme inbrn ability. The ancient Greek stryteller Aesp said, “N act f kindness, n matter hw small, is ever wasted.” Tw thusand years later, it remains a hard sell.
43. Parenting websites ften make use f varius assessments f children’s talent t ________.
A increase the click-thrugh rateB. prmte their targeted training
C. remind parents f their children’s talentD. have parents subscribe their services
44. In the secnd paragraph, the writer mentins “the cnslatin prize” t shw ________.
A. kindness is viewed as the ppsite f talent
B. cnslatin prize is a kind gesture that shuld be prmted
C. kind deeds are n easy t find
D. kindness deserves t be nticed in the cntemprary sciety
45. What des the underlined phrase “bite my tngue” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Say nthing.B. Let ut my anger.
C. Harm neself accidentally.D. Explain smething in pain.
46. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements des the writer mst prbably agree with?
A. Every child is talented, either in maths, music, art r kindness.
B. Kindness is yur strength t talk back when ffended.
C. Kindness is nt smething that can be easily taught.
D. Teaching can bring abut children’s tendency twards kindness.
【答案】43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者认为善良并不是能够被轻易教会的品质。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If yu are a parent f yung children wh brwses parenting websites, yu will at sme pint be invited, thrugh targeted advertising, t enrl yur child in a Glbal Maths Skill Assessment — “t see hw they cmpare t peers glbally”. Yu may be urged t cnsider the pssibility — n, prbability — that they are “gifted” in sme way, if nt in maths, then in music r art. It’s windw-dressing (门面粉饰) fr subscriptin (订阅) services (如果你是一名浏览育儿网站的孩子的父母，在某个时候，你会通过定向广告，被邀请让你的孩子参加全球数学技能评估——“看看他们与全球同龄人的比较情况”。你可能会被敦促考虑一种可能性——不，是概率——他们在某些方面有“天赋”，如果不是在数学方面，那就是在音乐或艺术方面。这只是订阅服务的门面粉饰。)”可知，这些育儿网站通过对孩子天赋的测评，目的是为了让家长订阅网站的服务。故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“This psitining f “kindness” as the ppsite f “talent” is cmmn nce yu start lking fr it.(一旦你开始寻找善良的对立面，你就会发现善良被定义为天赋的对立面。)”以及上文“Kindness is, everywhere(善良无处不在)”可推断，作者之所以提到“the cnslatin prize(安慰奖)”是为了告诉我们，善良被视作是天赋的对立面。故选A。
【45题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文““Jessica was rude t yu because she’s silly” is nt what I’m ging t teach my seven-year-ld. (“Jessica对你粗鲁是因为她傻”不是我要教我七岁的孩子的。)”可知，作者此时不得不保持沉默。所以bite my tngue为“保持沉默”之意。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Can yu teach smene t be kind? Of curse, but als nly srt f, nt entirely.(你能教一个人变得善良吗?当然，但也只是部分，不是全部。)”以及“The fact remains that sme peple are kinder than thers nt as a result f external frces but frm sme inbrn ability. (事实仍然是，有些人比其他人更善良，不是由于外界的力量，而是由于某些与生俱来的能力。)”可推断，作者认为善良并不是可以轻易教会的品质。故选C。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences in the bx. Each sentence can nly be used nce. Nte that there are tw sentences mre than yu need.
The night sky has been an endless surce f fascinatin since the start f human histry. Fr example, the mysterius large-eyed, brnze statues f the ancient Shu Kingdm, discvered at the Chinese archelgical site at Sanxingdui, were believed t have been able t lk acrss great distances int the stars. In reality, humans can see very little f the night sky with the naked eye. And, fr a lng while, peple were unable t understand what they culd see. ____47____
Our pwer t investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescpe (望远镜) was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the pwer f the human eye and enabling us t understand that the universe is far larger than was previusly imaginable. The planets were seen t be wrlds similar t ur wn, many f them even having their wn mns.
____48____ Sme 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just ne galaxy amng billins f thers, spread acrss the blackness f space like great islands f light and matter flating in a vast csmic cean.
Almst 400 years after the first Earth-based telescpe was invented, the Hubble Space Telescpe was launched int rbit, giving astrnmers indeed all f us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images f ur universe taken frm beynd Earth. ____49____ It has als helped us t wrk ut the age and nature f the universe, and discver the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
____50____ Currently, China perates the wrld’s largest and mst pwerful radi telescpe, the FAST telescpe, cmpleted in 2016. The 500-metre dish f the “Eye f Heaven”, as it is knwn, is being used in the search fr dark matter. This vast dish als has the ability t explre regins f space billins f light years away, right at the edge f the visible universe.
A. The success f the Hubble has depended n teams f engineers, technicians, scientists, and astrnauts wrking tgether n high perfrmance challenges fr the cause.
B. Sn, it was understd that the Sun was just ne star amng billins in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
C. Nt knwing what the stars were, peple in ancient times used their imaginatins t create a wrld in the sky.
D. T see even further int the universe, many cuntries are nw engaged in building ever mre advanced telescpes.
E. S much f the Milky Way remains unexplred that we are still clse t the start f this incredible jurney f discvery.
F. Nthing in histry has allwed us t see s much ver such great distances, frm cluds f gas where stars are being brn t new planets where we might find life.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们探索宇宙的发展过程。
【47题详解】
根据前文“The night sky has been an endless surce f fascinatin since the start f human histry. Fr example, the mysterius large-eyed, brnze statues f the ancient Shu Kingdm, discvered at the Chinese archelgical site at Sanxingdui, were believed t have been able t lk acrss great distances int the stars.In reality, humans can see very little f the night sky with the naked eye. And, fr a lng while, peple were unable t understand what they culd see. ”（自人类历史开始以来，夜空一直是无穷无尽的魅力之源。例如，在三星堆中国遗迹发现的古蜀国神秘的大眼青铜雕像，被认为可以遥望星空。事实上，人类用肉眼只能看到夜空中很小的一部分，并且在很长一段时间里，人们无法理解他们所看到的东西）可知，空处应承接前文，讲述人们对自己所看到的无法解释的这些东西，产生了一种想象，构造了一个空中的景象。选项C.“由于不知道星星是什么，古代的人们用他们的想象力在天空中创造了一个世界。”，切题，故选C。
【48题详解】
根据后文“Sme 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just ne galaxy amng billins f thers, spread acrss the blackness f space like great islands f light and matter flating in a vast csmic cean.”（大约300年后，我们了解到，银河系本身只是数十亿个星系中的一个，它散布在黑暗的太空中，就像漂浮在浩瀚宇宙海洋中的光与物质的巨大岛屿。）提到了人们逐步对银河系的理解有了深入，所以，空处可以描述在此之前，人们对银河系的认识的情形。选项B.“很快，人们就认识到太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿星系中的一颗。”，选项中“galaxy”为原词重现，切题，故选B。
【49题详解】
根据前文“Almst 400 years after the first Earth-based telescpe was invented, the Hubble Space Telescpe was launched int rbit, giving astrnmers indeed all f us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images f ur universe taken frm beynd Earth.”（在第一架地球望远镜发明近400年后，这架哈勃空间望远镜被发射进入轨道，给天文学家们以及我们所有人带来了第一张从地球以外拍摄的宇宙美得令人惊叹的照片。）讲述了哈勃望远镜带给人们对宇宙的认识。后文“It has als helped us t wrk ut the age and nature f the universe, and discver the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.”（它还帮助我们计算出宇宙的年龄和性质，并发现宇宙正在以不断增长的速度膨胀这一令人难以置信的事实。）als一词表明，空处的内容应同样讲述哈勃望远镜的应用的意义。选项F.“从恒星诞生的气体云到我们可能发现生命的新行星，历史上没有什么能让我们在如此遥远的距离上看到如此多的东西。”，肯定了哈勃望远镜的使用，丰富了人们对宇宙的认知，切题，故选F。
【50题详解】
根据后文“Currently, China perates the wrld’s largest and mst pwerful radi telescpe, the FAST telescpe, cmpleted in 2016. The 500-metre dish f the “Eye f Heaven”, as it is knwn, is being used in the search fr dark matter. ”（目前，中国运营着世界上最大、最强大的射电望远镜—— FAST 望远镜，于2016年完工。众所周知，500米长的“天眼”碟形天线被用于寻找暗物质。）举例说明了在认知宇宙方面，中国发明了射电望远镜。空处总领整段，应提出在探索宇宙问题上，许多国家都在建造更先进的望远镜。选项D.“为了更深入地观察宇宙，许多国家正致力于建造更先进的望远镜。”切题，故选D。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Parents, teachers, and anyne wh regularly deals with teenagers knw hw difficult the adlescent years can be. Adlescents have always been knwn t d wild — even dangerus — thing. Nw, brain-imaging technlgy allws scientists t study the physical develpment f the brain in mre detail than ever befre. Their discveries have led t a new thery f why teens act the way they d.
Recently, scientists discvered that thugh ur brains are almst at their full size by the age f six, they are far frm fully develped. Only during adlescence d ur brains truly “grw up”. During this time, they g thrugh great changes, like a cmputer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was nce thught t be finished by abut age 12. Nw, scientists have cncluded that ur brains cntinue t change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing ur impulses (冲动) with the need t fllw rules. Hwever, a brain that is still develping des this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavir seen in teenagers.
The studies cnfirm that teens are mre likely t take risks and behave in extreme ways. Frtunately, the news isn’t all negative. As brain scientist B.J. Casey pints ut, the teen brain inspires such behavir in rder t help teenagers prepare fr adult life.
One way the brain des this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards. Researchers fund that when teens think abut rewards, their brains release mre f the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain wuld. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem mre imprtant than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement f new experiences mre keenly than adults d.
Research int the structure f the teen brain als fund that it makes scial cnnectins seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need t meet new peple. It, therefre, cnnects scial rewards with even mre pleasure. In this way, the brain encurages teens t have a wide circle f friends, which is believed t make them mre successful in life.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
Scientists discvered the cause f teenagers’ unpredictable behavirs thanks t brain-imaging technlgy. Studies shw that brains cntinue t grw until age 25, s teenagers’ still-develping brains causes them t take risks. Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains d and stimulate them t have mre scial cnnectins, paving the way fr their future success.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，多亏了大脑成像技术，科学家们发现了青少年不可预测行为的原因。研究表明，大脑在25岁之前会继续生长，所以青少年仍在发育的大脑会让他们冒险。青少年的大脑衡量风险和回报的方式与成年人不同，这刺激他们建立更多的社会联系，为他们未来的成功铺平道路。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Nw, brain-imaging technlgy allws scientists t study the physical develpment f the brain in mre detail than ever befre. Their discveries have led t a new thery f why teens act the way they d.
②Nw, scientists have cncluded that ur brains cntinue t change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing ur impulses (冲动) with the need t fllw rules.
③Hwever, a brain that is still develping des this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavir seen in teenagers.
④One way the brain des this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards.
⑤Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem mre imprtant than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement f new experiences mre keenly than adults d.
⑥It, therefre, cnnects scial rewards with even mre pleasure. In this way, the brain encurages teens t have a wide circle f friends, which is believed t make them mre successful in life.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3和4、5、6几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Scientists discvered the cause f teenagers’ unpredictable behavirs thanks t brain-imaging technlgy.
Studies shw that brains cntinue t grw until age 25, s teenagers’ still-develping brains causes them t take risks.
Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains d and stimulate them t have mre scial cnnectins, paving the way fr their future success.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Studies shw that brains cntinue t grw until age 25, s teenagers’ still-develping brains causes them t take risks.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]：Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains d and stimulate them t have mre scial cnnectins, paving the way fr their future success. (运用了现在分词作状语)
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 诗歌是一面镜子，让我们反思自己的生活。(serve as) （汉译英）
【答案】Petry serves as a mirrr that allws us t reflect n ur lives.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态和定语从句。分析句子可知，“诗歌是一面镜子”是主句，主语“诗歌”用petry表示，抽象名词不可数，“是，充当”是谓语，可用动词短语serve as表示，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态单数形式serves as，“一面镜子”是宾语，用a mirrr表示；“让我们反思自己的生活”可处理为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a mirrr，先行词在定语从句中充当主语，可用关系代词that引导该从句，“让……”是从句谓语动词，一般现在时单数形式，用动词allws，“我们”是宾语，用us表示，“反思自己的生活”是宾语补足语，用不定式短语t reflect n ur lives。综上，全句译为：Petry serves as a mirrr that allws us t reflect n ur lives.
53. 究竟是什么导致了古希腊文明的兴衰?(n earth) （汉译英）
【答案】What n earth cntributed t/led t/ caused the rise and fall f the civilizatin f ancient Greece?
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。结合句意表示“究竟是什么”可知短语为what n earth；表示“导致”短语为cntribute t/lead t/ cause，表示“古希腊文明的兴衰”翻译为the rise and fall f the civilizatin f ancient Greece。句子用一般过去时。故翻译为What n earth cntributed t/led t/ caused the rise and fall f the civilizatin f ancient Greece?
54. 这次社会实践的初衷是鼓励那些依赖手机的学生们远离手机，激发他们去发现身边的美。(intend)（汉译英）
【答案】This scial practice is intended t encurage thse students wh rely/depend n their mbile phnes t put aside/stay away frm their mbile phnes and inspire them t discver beauty arund them.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。scial practice社会实践；be intended t意图，初衷； encurage sb. t d sth.鼓励某人做某事；rely/depend n依赖；put aside/stay away frm远离；mbile phne手机；inspire sb. t d sth.激励某人做某事。句中先行词thse students，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词wh引导。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为This scial practice is intended t encurage thse students wh rely/depend n their mbile phnes t put aside/stay away frm their mbile phnes and inspire them t discver beauty arund them.
55. 尽管教授由于疫情无法亲临会议现场，但他依然为在校师生们做了一场围绕科技发展的精彩绝伦的在线演讲。(such) （汉译英）
【答案】Althugh the prfessr wasn’t able t cme t the meeting/ attend the meeting in persn due t the crna-virus utbreak/ pandemic / epidemic, he still gave/ delivered such a fantastic nline speech as clsely centered n the develpment f science and technlgy t students and teachers in schl.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和从句。表示“尽管……但是”应用althugh引导让步状语从句，表示“教授”用prfessr；表示“由于”用because f；表示“疫情”用the crna-virus utbreak/pandemic/epidemic；故从句“尽管教授由于疫情无法亲临会议现场”表达为althugh the prfessr wasn’t able t cme t the meeting/ attend the meeting in persn due t the crna-virus utbreak/ pandemic / epidemic；表示“一场精彩绝伦的演讲”用such a fantastic speech；表示“在线”用nline；表示“科技发展”的短语为develpment f science and technlgy，表示“发表”用gave/deliver；表示“全校师生”用students and teachers in schl。根据语境本句说明一件过去发生的事情，应使用过去时来表达。故翻译为Althugh the prfessr wasn’t able t cme t the meeting/ attend the meeting in persn due t the crna-virus utbreak/ pandemic / epidemic, he still gave/ delivered such a fantastic nline speech as clsely centered n the develpment f science and technlgy t students and teachers in schl.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120—150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假定你是李敏，你班计划组织主题为“培养毅力、快乐学习”的远足活动，请你写一封电子邮件，邀请外教Edisn一起参加。内容包括：
(1)本次活动的目的和意义；
(2)活动的具体安排，如时间、地点、远足路线和相关活动；
(3)所需物品和注意事项。
(文中不要出现真实姓名和学校名称)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Edisin
Hw is everything ging with yu? Our class has planned t rganize an uting, the theme f which is “Develping Perserverance, Learning Happily”. In terms f its great significance, I am writing t invite yu t take part in it.
Intended t aruse the affectin t nature and strengthen ur bdy and mind, this sightseeing will start at 8:00 a.m. this Sunday frm ur schl gate. The hikers cnsist f almst all the schl staff and students. As it is planned, we’re t visit the Natinal Park at abut ten ’clck and next, enjy the beautiful scenery utdrs and admire the natural wnders thrughut the Park, where lts f unique and special designs were built fr decades by the natural frce.
If yu’re interested in the uting, yu’d better prepare yurself s pair f cmfrtable shes, a twel and sme snacks in case yu are hungry. Last but nt the least, it’s f great imprtance t be n time s that yu will nt be left behind.
Hpefully, yu can participate in the uting. Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Min
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生邀请外教Edisn一起参加班级计划组织主题为“培养毅力、快乐学习”的远足活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
计划，安排：plan → arrange
参加：take part in → jin in
开始：start → begin
由……组成：cnsist f → be cmpsed f
2. 句式拓展
句式转换
原句：Our class has planned t rganize an uting, the theme f which is “Develping Perserverance, Learning Happily”.
转换句：Our class has planned t rganize an uting, whse theme is “Develping Perserverance, Learning Happily”.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Intended t aruse the affectin t nature and strength ur bdy and mind, this sightseeing will start at 8:00 a.m. this Sunday frm ur schl gate.（运用了过去分词作状语）
【高分句型2】
As it is planned, we’re t visit the Natinal Park at abut ten ’clck and next, enjy the beautiful scenery utdrs and admire the natural wnders thrughut the Park, where lts f unique and special designs were built fr decades by the natural frce.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）A.abard B. alarmed C. eventually D. apparently E. huses F. launching
G. leading H. missins I. rush J. speedy K. split
Jhn Lenard
“It takes a lng time t grw an ld friend.”
Henry David Threau
“The language f friendship is nt wrds, but meanings.”
Richard Bach
“Every gift frm a friend is a wish fr yur happiness."
Euripides
“Friends shw their lve in times f truble, nt in happiness.”
Lucius Annaeus Seneca
“One f the mst beautiful qualities f true friendship is t understand and t be understd.”
Oprah Winfrey
“Lts f peple want t ride with yu in the lim, but what yu want is smene wh will take the bus with yu when the lim breaks dwn.”
Ralph Wald Emersn
“The glry f friendship is nt the utstretched hand, nr the kindly smile, nr the jy f cmpaninship; it is the spiritual inspiratin that cmes t ne when he discvers that smene else believes in him and is willing t trust him.”
Baltasar Gracián
“True friendship multiplies the gd in life and divides its evils. Strive t have friends, fr life withut friends is like life n a desert island ... T find ne real friend in a lifetime is gd frtune; t keep him is a blessing.”
Albert Schweitzer
“In everyne’s life, at sme time, ur inner fire ges ut. It is then burst int flame by an encunter with anther persn. We shuld all be thankful fr thse peple wh rekindle (重新点燃) the inner spirit.”
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