2021-2022学年福建省厦门第一中学高二下学期三月月考英语试卷(含解析)

这是一份2021-2022学年福建省厦门第一中学高二下学期三月月考英语试卷(含解析)，共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， 16 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

英语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When is the weather reprt?
A. At 8:35. B. At 9:00. C. At 9:25.
2. What des the man need?
A. A new cmputer. B. A new keybard. C. A new muse.
3. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. At a wedding. B. At a birthday party. C. At a baby shwer.
4. What des the man say abut his new jb?
A. It’s very stressful. B. It’s a psitin in a bank. C. The pay isn’t that satisfying.
5. What des the man think the wman shuld d?
A. Cmpletely rewrite her paper.
B. Remve the marked places.
C. Make a few crrectins.
第二节（共15小题；小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What relatin prbably is Ms. Leska t the wman?
A. Her rmmate. B. Her clleague. C. Her cusin.
7. What will Tara d at 3:00 pm?
A. Meet Prfessr Albee. B. Pick up Kevin. C. Teach Claudia's class.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What did the man like abut the film?
A. Its stry and lines. B. Its plt and characters. C. Its music and scenes.
9. What kind f mvie des David like best?
A. Adventure. B. Cmedy. C. Drama.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the tw speakers mainly talking abut?
A. An article. B. A newspaper. C. A reprter.
11. Why was the girl lying n the rad?
A. She tripped ver smething.
B. She was kncked ver by a car.
C. She slipped because f the wet rad.
12. Wh flew ut nt the rad in the accident?
A. A car driver. B. A truck driver. C. A minibus passenger.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Which crp des the man nt grw ften?
A. Crn. B. Cttn. C. Wheat.
14. Hw des the man pay the emplyees?
A. Hurly. B. Weekly. C. Mnthly.
15. What wrk des the man need t d?
A. Irrigate his fields. B. Fix his machines. C. Apply farm chemicals.
16. What d we knw abut the man?
A. He wrks 12 hurs a day in the winter.
B. He has three full-time emplyees.
C. He will start a new business.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What will the listeners d after 9:30 am?
A. Enjy a shw. B. Meet the headmaster. C. Listen t a speech.
18. When will the guided tur arund the schl end?
A. At 10:30 am. B. At 11:00 am. C. At 11:30 am.
19. Hw lng will the exhibitin last?
A. Fr half an hur. B. Fr frty minutes. C. Fr an hur.
20. Where will the speaker prbably lead the listeners nw?
A. The schl library. B. The dining hall. C. The schl hall.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Mark felt that it was time fr him, t take part in his cmmunity, s he went t the neighbrhd meeting after wrk. The area’s city cuncilwman(女议员) was leading a discussin abut hw the quality f life was decreasing. The neighbrhd faced many prblems.
Mark lked at the charts taped t the walls. There are charts fr parking prblems, crime, and fr prblems in vacant buildings. Peple were suppsed t suggest slutins t the cuncilwman.
It was t much fr Mark. “The prblems are t big,” he thught. He turned t the man next t him and said, “I think this is a waste f my time. Nthing I culd d wuld make a difference here.”
Mark thught sme mre n his way t the bus stp. “Peple shuld just take care f themselves,” he decided. “That’s enugh t d. I can’t take n all the prblems f the wrld.”
As he neared the bus stp, Mark saw a wman carrying a grcery bag and a baby. She was trying t unlck her can but she didn’t have a free hand. As Mark gt clser her ther child, a little by, suddenly darted int the street. The wman tried t reach fr him, but as she mved, her bag shifted and the grceries started t fall ut. Mark ran t take the by’s arm and led him back t his mther. Then he picked up the grceries while the wman smiled in relief. “Thanks!” she said. “Yu’ve gt great timing!”
“Just being neighbrly,” Mark said. As he rde hme, he glanced at the walls f the bus. On ne f them was “Small acts f kindness add up.” Mark smiled and thught, “Maybe that’s a gd place t start.”
1．In Mark’s pinin, ______.
A．nbdy was s able as t slve the prblems
B．he was nt in the psitin t slve such prblems
C．many peple were t selfish t think abut thers
D．he already had mre than enugh wrk t d
2．What is the implicatin f the Wrds n the bus wall?
A．Yu shuld be kind t yur neighbrs and they will treat yu the same way.
B．Everyne can play his wn part t make things better.
C．All small acts will add up t kindness.
D．It’s a small act t help a persn in need.
3．The passage is mainly abut ______.
A．hw individuals can help make a difference
B．running a neighbrhd meeting t slve its prblems
C．citizens’ reactins t the prblems they face
D．slving prblems thrugh grup actin
B
The grass swung gently abve a crack in the limestne (石灰岩) and Ludvik Husu realized he had fund what he was searching fr: a new cave in Slvenia’s dramatic Karst (喀斯特) regin.
The cave enthusiast, with mre than 50 years f experience, tld AFP that “the cnditins were perfect ... all the signs pinted t smething beneath” as he felt the air current push up frm belw.
The 63-year-ld had cme acrss a new, 60-meter-deep limestne cave, a discvery that made the headlines this summer in a cuntry that prides itself n its 14,000 undergrund caves.
The tiny Alpine natin is unusually rich in caves, which are a majr turist attractin. Perhaps the best knwn is the Pstjna cave system, the lngest in Eurpe, discvered by anther amateur enthusiast tw centuries ag. It extends fr 24 kilmeters and has ffered up valuable finds fr bilgists.
Stanislav Glazar, a Pstjna cave guide, tld AFP that mre than 150 species have been discvered in the system.
Glazar said Pstjna is ne f the richest caves in the wrld “in limestne frmatins.” The cave, lcated abut 50 kilmeters suth f the capital Ljubljana, was als hme t the wrld’s first cave turist train, which began transprting visitrs in 1872.
Elsewhere in the Karst regin, the cave systems are f histrical, cultural and even extraterrestrial interest. Fr instance, the UNESCO-listed Skcjan system was where the Eurpean Space Agency sent sme astrnauts t prepare fr life in space.
“Astrnauts knw that the Karst wrld is exceptinal, in a similar way t the envirnment in space: yu dn’t knw what t expect at yur next step,” said Skcjan Caves directr Tmaz Zrman.
But fr Husu, it’s the explratin that prves mst rewarding. Once he knws there is smething beneath, he digs arund the crack t widen it and alerts fellw cavers t help gain access. He then uses rpes and a lamp t g dwn t what are vertical entrances in mst caves. But desn’t he feel scared t enter such unexplred depths?
“Yu enter a cave ut f curisity — there is n fear! Thse wh feel fear shuld stay hme,” he said.
4．What was peple’s attitude twards Ludvik Husu’s new finding this summer?
A．Critical.B．Psitive.C．Dubtful.D．Indifferent.
5．What can be learned abut the Pstjna cave system frm Stanislav Glazar’s wrds?
A．It has little bilgical value.
B．It has diverse limestne frmatins.
C．It is the mst famus cave system in Eurpe.
D．It has been pen t the public fr tw centuries.
6．What des the underlined wrd “extraterrestrial” in the seventh paragraph prbably mean?
A．Financial.B．Plitical.C．Alien.D．Bilgical.
7．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．Slvenia is knwn fr its Karst landfrms.
B．Ludvik Husu started explring caves befre he was 13.
C．Slvenia has the mst undergrund caves in the wrld.
D．Ludvik Husu is ften upset abut entering unexplred caves.
C
When evaluating peple n varius psychlgical tests, psychlgists ften distinguish between markers f abslute perfrmance and relative perfrmance. Abslute perfrmance reflects the raw measurement f smething, like the time it takes t run a mile. Relative perfrmance is hw a persn rates in relatin t their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use t evaluate urselves are almst always relative, as we cmpare urselves t ur peers and the standards that are mst familiar t us. Fr instance, in my private practice, I have ne patient I will call “Omar” wh is dependent n scial services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his jb. While this level f pverty wuld lead mst peple t wake up depressed each day, Omar is ne f the mst ptimistic and appreciative individuals I knw. Why? Because mst f his clsest peers — his siblings and friends frm childhd — have lives far wrse than his.
In cntrast t Omar, I have anther patient, an adlescent I’ll call “Lena”, whse family has prperty ver $5 millin. Lena, hwever, lives in an upper-class neighbrhd where her family is at the lwer end f the incme level. Thugh Lena's family allws her t enjy pssessins and experiences that less than I percent f her peers acrss the wrld can share, she cnsistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena desn't cmpare herself t the rest f the wrld; This is t abstract an exercise fr her, as it wuld be fr mst f us.
Accrdingly, whether a psychlgist is psychdynamic r cgnitive-behaviral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situatinal r psychlgical depressin aims t slve the prblems assciated with basing ne's self-wrth n cmparisns with thers. Psychlgists try t help peple fcus n persnal grwth arund the achievement f cncrete gals in line with their values. independent f the achievement f thers. Fr all f us, defining these gals, especially during Perids f emtinal calm, can g a lng way in helping us t avid the trap f relativity that ften leads t situatinal and psychlgical depressin.
8．What is the functin f Paragraph 1?
A．T shw the significance f evaluating peple.
B．T mtivate readers t study psychlgical tests.
C．T help peple perfrm well in psychlgical tests.
D．T prvide sme backgrund infrmatin n evaluating peple.
9．Why des the authr mentin his tw patients?
A．T measure different achievement.
B．T intrduce the standards t evaluate peple.
C．T explain relative perfrmance with examples.
D．T cntrast relative perfrmance and abslute perfrmance.
10．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Setting gals in life is essential fr everyne.
B．It's imprtant t avid unhealthy cmparisns.
C．A sense f achievement can affect ne's happiness,
D．Imprving self-wrth can help get rid f depressin.
11．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Happiness: Is it all relative?
B．Self-wrth: Is it measurable?
C．Self-wrth: Is it based n effrts?
D．Happiness: Is it assciated with achievement?
D
The values f artistic wrks, accrding t cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflectins f lcal scial and ecnmic cnditins. Such a view, hwever, fails t explain the ability f sme wrks f art t excite the human mind acrss cultures and thrugh centuries.
Histry has witnessed the endless prductins f Shakespearean plays in every majr language f the wrld. It is never rare t find that Mzart packs Japanese cncert halls, as Japanese painter Hirshige des Paris galleries, Unique wrks f this kind are different frm tday’s ppular art, even if they began as wrks f ppular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will prbably be enjyed fr centuries int the future.
In a 1757 essay, the philspher David Hume argued that because“the general principles f taste are unifrm(不变的) in human nature,”the value f sme wrks f art might be essentially permanent. He bserved that Hmer was still admired after tw thusand years. Wrks f this type, he believed, spke t deep and unvarying features f human nature and culd cntinue t exist ver centuries.
Nw researchers are applying scientific methds t the study f the universality f art. Fr example, evlutinary psychlgy is being used by literary schlars t explain the lng-lasting themes and plt devices in fictin. The structures f musical pieces are nw pen t experimental analysis as never befre. Research findings seem t indicate that the creatin by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discvery by a great scientist.
12．Accrding t the passage, what d we knw abut cultural relativism?
A．It intrduces different cultural values.
B．It explains the histry f artistic wrks.
C．It relates artistic values t lcal cnditins.
D．It excites the human mind thrughut the wrld.
13．In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentined in rder t shw that _____ .
A．great wrks f art can g beynd natinal bundaries
B．histry gives art wrks special appeal t set them apart
C．ppular arts are hardly distinguishable frm great arts
D．great artists are skilled at cmbining varius cultures
14．Accrding t Hume, sme wrks f art can exist fr centuries because_____ .
A．they are results f scientific study
B．they establish sme general principles f art
C．they are created by the wrld’s greatest artists
D．they appeal t unchanging features f human nature
15．Which f the fllwing can best serve as the title f the passage?
A．Are Artistic Values Universal?
B．Are Ppular Arts Permanent?
C．Is Human Nature Unifrm?
D．Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?
第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is the best sprt fr yur bdy type?
Just because smene has dreamt f playing ftball frm childhd des nt mean it is the best sprt fr him r her. Finding the sprt yur bdy is best suited t can make a big difference t hw much yu enjy it and hw gd at it yu are.
A persn with an ectmrph bdy type is tall and slim with little fat r muscle. This persn has narrw shulders and hips, and thin arms and legs. Ectmrphs have difficulty putting n weight because f a fast metablism (新陈代谢). 16 . What suits ectmrphs is endurance sprts. Marathn running, swimming, and ftball are excellent chices fr them. 17 , basketball may als be a great ptin.
Mesmrph bdy types are the typical image f an athlete. Their arms and legs are muscular and they have brad shulders and narrw hips. Mesmrphs can put n r lse weight easily and build muscle quickly. 18 . Pssibilities range frm weightlifting and bxing t cycling fr shrter distances.
A persn wh is an endmrph naturally carries mre bdy fat. They are ften shrt, with a high waist, and well develped upper arms and thighs. 19 , they can be very gd at pwer sprts because f their larger mass. This bdy type is nt suited fr agility (敏捷) and speed, but strength activities like wresting r pwerlifting can be a great fit.
It is imprtant t nte that the three bdy types are extremes. N ne is 100% ectmrph r cmpletely endmrph. 20 . Anther key pint is that diet and envirnment als cntribute t athletic ability and genetics plays a large part. And the mst imprtant thing is t chse a sprt yu enjy.
A．Everyne is a bit f a mix
B．If yu want t be a wrld champin
C．If a persn with this bdy type is very tall
D．A persn with this bdy type has mre chice f sprts
E．Fr the same reasn, it takes them lnger t build muscle
F．While it may seem that an endmrph will nt be very athletic
G．Endmrphs must wrk a little harder t maintain a perfect bdy weight
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下而短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Gumah, grwing up in Zanzibar, an island ff the cast f Tanzania, was awarded the Nbel Prize in Literature n Thursday.
He is the first Black writer t 21 the prize since Tni Mrrisn in 1993, and sme bservers saw his 22 as a lng delayed crrective(矫正) after years f Eurpean and American Nbel laureates(获得者). In his 10 nvels, Gurnah has ften explred the 23 f exile(流放), identity and belnging. They 24 “Memry f Departure” “Pilgrims Way” and “Dttie”, which all deal with the immigrant experience in Britain.
Gurnah’s first language is Swahili, but he 25 English as his literary language. He drew n the imagery and stries frm the Quran, 26 frm Arabic and Persian petry, particularly “The Arabian Nights”. The news f Gumah’s Nbel 27 by fellw nvelists and academics wh have lng argued that his 28 deserve a wider audience.
Gumah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw 29 f Tanzania, in 1948. Then, in 1964, he fled t England. 30 , pr; hmesick, he began t write scraps(片段) in his diary, then 31 entries, then stries abut ther peple. In his 20s, he started 32 fictin. Then he finished his first nvel, “Memry f Departure”, abut a yung man wh flees a failed uprising, at the same time he was writing his Ph. D. dissertatin(论文). 33 , he became a prfessr f English.
Thugh Gurnah hasn’t lived in Tanzania since he was a 34 , his hmeland always inspires him f his imaginatin, 35 , he said “my hmeland always asserts myself in my imaginatin, even when I deliberately try t set my stries elsewhere”.
21．A．receiveB．cnfirmC．searchD．appreciate
22．A．sectinB．selectinC．cllectinD．cnsultatin
23．A．themesB．pininsC．passagesD．suggestins
24．A．expldeB．cncludeC．prvideD．include
25．A．advisedB．adaptedC．adptedD．affected
26．A．as much asB．as lng asC．as ften asD．as well as
27．A．was awardedB．was discussedC．was celebratedD．was suspected
28．A．jbsB．wrksC．labrsD．careers
29．A．partB．nameC．hmeD．cuntry
30．A．AdmirableB．RespectableC．FashinableD．Miserable
31．A．higherB．lngerC．strngerD．heavier
32．A．readingB．hearingC．writingD．watching
33．A．AfterwardsB．FrwardsC．BackwardsD．Frntwards
34．A．writerB．teenagerC．schlarD．prfessr
35．A．As a resultB．At the same timeC．On the ther handD．In his wn wrd
第二节（10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is Yur Schl Safe?
Yur schl can be a dangerus place, but 36 making it safer yu can prevent accidents.
The Playgrund
·Make sure that there are n small rcks, tree branches, 37 glass n the playgrund.
·Dn’t climb n playgrund equipment. Use playgrund equipment nly as it was designed 38 (use).
·N running except in areas set aside fr it.
The Gym and Sprts Field
·Always wear the prper sprts clthes and equipment when 39 (take) part in sprts activities r exercises.
·Fllw the directins f the 40 (cach) and sprts teachers.
·Pay clse attentin t the peple arund yu, r else yu can hurt them.
The Bathrms
·Be careful 41 the flrs are wet.
·D nt use electrical appliances, such as hairdryers, in the schl bathrms.
·If the plumbing r electricity des nt wrk r is nt wrking 42 (prper), reprt it t the schl staff.
The Hallways and Classrms
·N running r pushing.
·D nt blck drways with bx r furniture, and d nt use the hallways fr 43 (stre).
The Science Labs
·Wear safety gear as yu 44 (instruct).
·Fllw the instructins f the teachers and staff.
·Put equipment away when yu are dne with 45 .
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假设你和同学李华从锅炉房打开水返回寝室的路上，李华的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了李华的脚。你对此进行了必要的急救。请你结合此事，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文，向学校英文报（Energetic Teens）投稿，主要内容包括：
1. 事情发生的起因；
2. 如何实施急救；
3. 你对掌握急救知识重要性的认识。
参考词汇：锅炉房biler huse；热水瓶therms bttle
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was in my rm, unwilling t head t the cmmunity theatre with “my brther” Henry. He was just adpted by my parents recently. I was nt in the md fr being nstage with him.
“Kristie, cme here,” my mm called. Fllwing her vice, I fund her utside the bathrm, hlding a wet bk. She gave the bk a shake. “Henry’s bk was in the bathtub. Did yu put it there?” She glared at me—smething she never did befre Henry came t ur hme. I didn’t wet his bk n purpse. Tears f hurt cluded my eyes. Wrse still, she prmised t buy him a new cpy. My heart ached. Henry was stealing my mther’s lve. He was ruining my life.
Meanwhile, Henry was just nearby, absrbed in wrking n a cmplicated rpe knt (绳结) as usual. Why did a by like him d the girly wrk? Far frm manly!
Sn, it was time t have t set ff fr the cmmunity theatre. As Henry walked ahead f us t the car, my mm tk me aside and said in a lw vice, “It’s the first time fr Henry t be nstage. Be kind t him, Hney.” I ndded but sighed. Being kind didn’t use t be hard. But after Henry mved in, everything felt different. The theatre used t be a special place fr my parents and me. With Henry invlved, it didn’t seem s special any mre.
Finally, it was ur stage time. My heart beat wildly. I frgt my annyance at Henry fr a while. As we kids lined up, ready t act ut ur shrt play, I realized hw lsely I had tied the drawstring (束带) n my skirt. Sure enugh, my skirt began t drp. Laughter frm the audience culd be heard, and even thugh I was wearing shrts under my skirt, I culd feel my face burst int flames. Hwever, my hands were full. If nly smene culd help me ut!
注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Right then, Henry sensed my embarrassment.
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After the perfrmance, I fund Henry and tapped him n the arm gratefully.
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1．B 2．B 3．A
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了，马克曾经认为自己的力量薄弱，解决不了世界性的难题，照顾好自己就够了后来通过在公交车站碰到的事情才明白是小小的善举会产生影响，积少成多，积小成大，才会让世界变得更美好。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段提到“Mark lked at the charts taped t the walls .There are charts fr crime，parking prblems, and fr prblems in vacant(空置的) buildings . Peple were suppsed t suggest slutins t the cuncilman.”（马克看到了贴在墙上的图表。各种图表涉及犯罪，停车，空置建筑物的问题，人们应该向议员提出解决方案。）以及第三段第一句“It was t much fr Mark. ‘The prblems are t big, ’he thught.”（这件事对马克来说负担太大。他认为，这些问题太大了。）。由此可知，马克自己认为，犯罪、停车和空置建筑物之类的问题太复杂，太大，不是他作为普通民众应该解决的，应该让议员来思考解决。故选B项。
2．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As he rde hme, .he glanced at the walls f the bus. On ne f them was‘Small acts f kindness add up.’”（当他坐车回家时，看到了公交车车身，其中一辆车的车身上写着“小小善举，积少成多。”）。同时通读全文，结合Mark的行为变化及文章第四段“ ‘That’s enugh t d. I can’t take n all the prblems f the wrld.’”（这就足够了。我不能解决世界上的所有问题。）由此可知，虽然我们不能解决很大的问题，但每个人都可以发挥自己的作用，使事情变得更好。故选B项。
3．主旨大意题。根据文中第三段“Nthing l culd d wuld make a difference here.”（无论我做什么，对事情都没有影响。）直到，马克看到公共汽车车身上的公益广告“Small acts f kindness add up.”态度而发生转变，由此可推测，本文凸显的主题是，在建设更美好的一个世界时，每个人都有大作用。故选A项。
4．B 5．B 6．C 7．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了毗邻阿尔卑斯山山脉的国家Slvenia（斯洛文尼亚）有着丰富的石灰岩洞穴，吸引着全世界的洞穴探险家、生物学家以及游客。
4．推理判断题。A. Critical.批判的；B. Psitive.积极的；C. Dubtful.怀疑的；D. Indifferent.漠不关心的；根据文章第三段“The 63-year-ld had cme acrss a new, 60-meter-deep limestne cave, a discvery that made the headlines this summer in a cuntry that prides itself n its 14,000 undergrund caves. ”（这位63岁的老人发现了一个新的60米深的石灰岩洞穴，这个发现在这个以拥有14000个地下洞穴而自豪的国家成为了今年夏天的头条新闻。）可知，大众对Ludvik Husu在这个夏天发现的新洞穴非常感兴趣，都成了新闻头条了。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Glazar said Pstjna is ne f the richest caves in the wrld “in limestne frmatins. ”（Glazar 说Pstjna（斯洛文尼亚的一个城市）是世界上最丰富的石灰岩洞穴之一。）可知，Pstjna这里石灰岩洞穴非常多。所以B项“It has diverse limestne frmatins. ”（它有各种各样的石灰岩构造。）符合题意。故选B项。
6．词义猜测题。A. Financial.金融的；B. Plitical.政治的；C. Alien.外星的；D. Bilgical.生物的；根据第七段中“Fr instance, the UNESCO-listed Skcjan system was where the Eurpean Space Agency sent sme astrnauts t prepare fr life in space. ”（例如，被联合国教科文组织列入名单的Skcjan系统是欧洲航天局派出一些宇航员为太空生活做准备的地方。）可知，这里列举了一个跟航天有关的例子，可推测出前文extraterrestrial的意思是“地球外的”。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“The cave enthusiast, with mre than 50 years f experience, ”（这位拥有50多年经验的洞穴爱好者）以及第三段中“The 63-year-ld had cme acrss a new, 60-meter-deep limestne cave”（这位63岁的老人发现了一个新的60米深的石灰岩洞穴）可推断出Ludvik Husu在13岁之前就已经开始探索洞穴了。故选B项。
8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍幸福与比较的关系，文章通过对比两个例子介绍了两个收入不同，幸福感不同的人说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。对于那些患有情境性或心理抑郁症的人经常会落入相对论的陷阱，并对自己的价值有一种扭曲的看法。建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“When evaluating peple n varius psychlgical tests, psychlgists ften distinguish between markers f abslute perfrmance and relative perfrmance. Abslute perfrmance reflects the raw measurement f smething, like the time it takes t run a mile. Relative perfrmance is hw a persn rates in relatin t their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.(当通过各种心理测试来评估一个人时，心理学家通常会区分绝对表现和相对表现的标志。绝对性表现能反映了对某些东西的原始衡量，比如跑一英里所需的时间。相对性表现是指一个人在与其同伴的比较中如何评价自己，比如一个跑步者在比赛中所处的位置)”可知，第一段提供了一些信息：心理学家用“绝对性表现“和“相对性表现”来做评估区分。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“While this level f pverty wuld lead mst peple t wake up depressed each day, Omar is ne f the mst ptimistic and appreciative individuals I knw. Why? Because mst f his clsest peers — his siblings and friends frm childhd — have lives far wrse than his.(虽然这种贫困水平会导致大多数人每天醒来都很沮丧，奥马尔是我认识的最乐观、最有欣赏力的人之一。为什么?因为他最亲密的同龄人——他的兄弟姐妹和童年朋友——的生活比他糟糕得多)”可知，Omar尽管收入不高，但是他是他的圈子里钱最多的，所以他乐观；第三段第一句“In cntrast t Omar, I have anther patient, an adlescent I’ll call ‘Lena’, whse family has prperty ver $5 millin. Lena, hwever, lives in an upper-class neighbrhd where her family is at the lwer end f the incme level.Thugh Lena's family allws her t enjy pssessins and experiences that less than 1 percent f her peers acrss the wrld can share, she cnsistently feels ‘less than’. (与奥马尔不同的是，我还有一个病人，我称她为“莉娜”，她的家庭财产超过500万美元。然而，莱娜住在一个上流社会的社区，她的家庭收入在这个社区里属于水平较低的。虽然莉娜的家庭允许她享受不到世界上1%的同龄人能分享的财产和经历，但她始终感到‘不足’)”可知，Lena在她的社区里属于下层地位，尽管她已经很有钱。通过两个案例，作者介绍了什么叫做幸福和收入的相对性表现。故选C项。
10．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Fr all f us, defining these gals, especially during Perids f emtinal calm, can g a lng way in helping us t avid the trap f relativity that ften leads t situatinal and psychlgical depressin.(对我们所有人来说，确定这些目标，特别是在情绪平静的时期，可有利于我们避免落入相对型表现的陷阱，它经常导致情境性心理抑郁)”可知，情境性心理抑郁是不健康的比较方式造成的，所以我们得避免陷入它的陷阱。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文分析文章结构可知，第一段介绍各种心理测试评估一个人时，心理学家通常会区分绝对性表现和相对性表现的标志。第二、三段通过对比两个例子介绍了两个收入不同，幸福感不同的人：穷的人过得很开心，富有的人感觉不到幸福，说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。第四段做出总结，对于那些患有情境性或心理抑郁症的人经常会落入相对论的陷阱，并对自己的价值有一种扭曲的看法。建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。因此推断，文章主要介绍幸福与比较的关系，所以A项“Happiness: Is it all relative?(幸福：是相对的吗?)”，符合题意。故选A项。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．A
【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话The values f artistic wrks, accrding t cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflectins f lcal scial and ecnmic cnditins.可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的社会经济条件结合在一块，故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，在日本的音乐厅里发现莫扎特，就像在巴黎的画廊发现日本画家弘之治一样，这并不罕见。因此推断，提到这些艺术家是为了说明艺术作品可以超越国界，故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话In a 1757 essay, the philspher David Hume argued that because“the general principles f taste are unifrm(不变的) in human nature,”the value f sme wrks f art might be essentially permanent. 可知David认为由于“品味的一般原则在人性中是不变的”，某些艺术作品的价值可能本质上是永恒的。所以一些艺术是可能会永生的，故选D项。
15． 主旨大意题。本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，作者提出不同的观点，探讨了艺术是普遍的观点。故A项“艺术价值是普遍的吗？”故选A。
16．E 17．C 18．D 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了三种不同的体型和与其相匹配的不同运动。
16．上文“Ectmrphs have difficulty putting n weight because f a fast metablism. (瘦型体质者很难增加体重，因为新陈代谢很快)”分析了瘦型体质者难增加体重的原因是因为新陈代谢很快，E项“Fr the same reasn, it takes them lnger t build muscle (同样的原因，他们需要更长的时间来锻炼肌肉)”介绍了因为同样的原因，瘦型体质者需要更长的时间来锻炼肌肉，句中“the same reasn”与上文“because f a fast metablism”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
17．结合设空处后逗号，分析句子结构可知，设空处应为从句，与下文构成完整句意；下文“basketball may als be a great ptin. (篮球也是一个不错的选择)”中提到瘦型体质者的一种运动选择，C项“If a persn with this bdy type is very tall (如果这种体型的人很高)”作为这一选择的前提，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
18．下文“Pssibilities range frm weightlifting and bxing t cycling fr shrter distances.(从举重、拳击到短途自行车都有可能)”中例举了多项可以选择的运动，正是对D项“A persn with this bdy type has mre chice f sprts (这种体型的人有更多的运动选择)”中“has mre chice f sprts”的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
19．结合设空处后逗号，分析句子结构可知，设空处应为从句，与下文构成完整句意；F项“While it may seem that an endmrph will nt be very athletic (虽然胖型体质者看起来不会擅长运动)”和下文“they can be very gd at pwer sprts because f their larger mass. (他们非常擅长力量运动，因为他们更重)”构成转折关系，说明了胖型体质者的优势运动项目。故选F项。
20．根据上文“N ne is 100% ectmrph r cmpletely endmrph. (没有人是100%的瘦型胖型体质者或完全胖型体质者)”可知，瘦型与胖型并不是绝对的，A项“Everyne is a bit f a mix (每个人都是不同类型的混合体)”表达了相同的意思，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
21．A 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2021年度诺贝尔文学奖获得者，坦桑尼亚作家古尔纳(Gurnah)的生平及作品。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳是自1993年托妮·莫里森(Tni Mrrisn)以来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人作家，一些观察人士认为，多年来诺贝尔奖的获得者都是欧洲人和美国人，古尔纳的入选是一种拖延已久的（对此现象的）纠正。A. receive得到，收到；B. cnfirm确认；C. search搜查；D. appreciate欣赏。根据第一段“Gurnah, grwing up in Zanzibar, an island ff the cast f Tanzania, was awarded the Nbel Prize in Literature n Thursday.（古尔纳在坦桑尼亚海岸附近的桑给巴尔岛长大，周四被授予诺贝尔文学奖）”可知，古尔纳被授予诺贝尔文学奖，所以他“收到”奖了。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳是自1993年托妮·莫里森以来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人作家，一些观察人士认为，多年来诺贝尔奖的获得者都是欧洲人和美国人，古尔纳的入选是一种拖延已久的（对此现象的）纠正。A. sectin部分，部门；B. selectin选择；C. cllectin收藏品；D. cnsultatin咨询。根据后句“as a lng delayed crrective(矫正) after years f Eurpean and American Nbel laureates(获得者)（作为欧洲和美国诺贝尔奖得主多年后姗姗来迟的纠正）”可知，诺贝尔文学奖的甄选委员“选择”古尔纳为诺贝尔文学奖的获得者。故选B项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他的10部小说中，古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题。A. themes主题；B. pinins意见；C. passages段落；D. suggestins建议。根据下文“They __4__“Memry f Departure” “Pilgrims Way” and “Dttie”, which all deal with the immigrant (移民) experience in Britain.（其中包括《朝圣之路》和《多蒂》，都是关于在英国的移民经历）”可知，古尔纳的作品，包括《离开的记忆》，《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》，都是围绕移在英国的移民经历而展开，即以流亡、身份和归属感为“主题”。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们包括《离开的记忆》，《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》，这些作品都是围绕移在英国的移民经历而展开。A. explde爆炸；B. cnclude总结；C. prvide提供；D. include包括。根据前文“In his 10 nvels, Gurnah has ften explred the ___3___ f exile (流放)，identity and belnging.（在他的10部小说中，古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题）”可知，古尔纳有10个作品，其中“包括”这三个。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳的第一语言是斯瓦希里语，但他采用英语作为他的文学语言。A. advised建议；B. adapted适应；C. adpted采用；D. affected影响。根据第四段第一句“Gurnah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw ___9___ f Tanzania, in 1948.（古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分）”可知，桑给巴尔当年是英国殖民地，可以推知，古尔纳少年时在国内接受的就是英语教育。且根据下文“___13___, he became a prfessr f English.（后来，他成了一名英语教授）”可知，古尔纳是英语教授，他能“采用”英语搞创作。故选C项。
26．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他借鉴了《古兰经》中的意象和故事，以及阿拉伯和波斯诗歌（的意向和故事），尤其是《一千零一夜》。A. as much as多达；B. as lng as只要，和……一样长；C. as ften as尽可能经常；D. as well as而且，和。根据后句“frm Arabic and Persian petry, particularly “The Arabian Nights”.（ 来自阿拉伯和波斯诗歌，特别是《一千零一夜》）”可知，他的作品中有《古兰经》和阿拉伯和波斯诗歌的元素。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖的消息受到了小说家同行和学者们的庆祝，他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者。A. was awarded颁发；B. was discussed讨论；C. was celebrated庆祝；D. was suspected怀疑。根据后句“by fellw nvelists and academics wh have lng argued that his ___8___ deserve a wider audience.（他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者）”，小说家同行和学者们一直认为古尔纳的小说就是好，值得推广，所以古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖，值得庆贺一下。故选C项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖的消息受到了小说家同行和学者们的庆祝，他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者。A. jbs工作；B. wrks作品，工厂；C. labrs任务，工作；D. careers 职业，事业。根据后句“deserve a wider audience.（应该有更多的观众。）”可知，读者阅读的是“wrks”，意为“作品”。故填B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分。A. part部分；B. name名称；C. hme家；D. cuntry国家。可知，短语“part f ”，意为“……的一部分”。故选A项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事。A. Admirable令人钦佩的；B. Respectable可敬的；C. Fashinable时髦的；D. Miserable悲惨的。根据并列词汇“pr”和“hmesick”，设空处应该也是表消极性、负面的词汇。故选D项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事。A. higher更高的； B. lnger更长的；C. strnger更强的；D. heavier 更重的。根据上句“he began t write scraps(片段) in his diary,（他开始在日记里写零零碎碎的东西）”以及“then stries abut ther peple.（然后是其他人的故事）”可知，古尔纳的写作是一步步培养的，先零碎片段，接着“长一点”的简短记录，接着再长一点的真人真事。故选B项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20多岁时，他开始写小说。A. reading阅读；B. hearing听力；C. writing写作；D. watching观察。根据上文“___10___ , pr, hmesick, he began t write scraps（片段）in his diary, then___11___ entries, then stries abut ther peple.（悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事）”可知，“write”为复现词。根据语境可知，古尔纳的写作是一步步培养的，先零碎片段，接着“长一点”的简短记录，接着再长一点的真人真事，然后“写”虚构小说。故选C项。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，他成了英语教授。A. Afterwards然后；B. Frwards向前；C. Backwards向后；D. Frntwards向前。根据上句“In his 20s, he started ___12___ fictin. Then he finished his first nvel, “Memry f Departure,” abut a yung man wh flees a failed uprising, at the same time he was writing his Ph. D. dissertatin(论文).（20多岁时，他开始写小说。然后他完成了他的第一部小说《离别的记忆》，讲述了一个年轻人从失败的起义中逃离的故事，同时他还在写他的博士论文）”，本段介绍了古尔纳的文学创作的发展过程，有明显的时间顺序。故选A项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管古尔纳从青少年起，就没有在坦桑尼亚生活过，但是他的祖国总是激发他的想象力。A. writer作家；B. teenager青少年；C. schlar学者；D. prfessr教授。根据第四段“Gurnah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw ___9___ f Tanzania, in 1948. Then, in 1964, he fled t England.（古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分。1964年，他逃到英国）”可知，16岁时，古尔纳离开了坦桑尼亚，逃难到英国，就没回坦桑尼亚去生活过。故选B项。
35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他说:“我的祖国总是在我的想象中维护我自己，即使我故意把我的故事放在别的地方”。A. As a result结果；B. At the same time同时；C. On the ther hand另一方面；D. In his wn wrd用他自己的话。根据语境，这句话是古尔纳对上文“his hmeland always inspires him f his imaginatin（他的祖国总是激发他的想象力）”的诠释，以说明他的小说中时时处处有着他的祖国的影子。故选D项。
36．by 37．r 38．t be used 39．taking 40．caches 41．that 42．prperly 43．strage 44．are instructed 45．it
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。学校可能是一个危险的地方，但通过使它更安全，就可以防止事故。本文主要介绍了使学校成为更安全的地方，需要注意的一些方面。
36．考查介词。句意：你的学校可能是一个危险的地方，但通过使它更安全，你可以防止事故。设空处后为动名词的形式，结合句意，设空处应为介词，by表示通过。故填by。
37．考查连词。句意：确保操场上没有小石头、树枝或玻璃。设空处和前面的名词small rcks, tree branches为并列的关系，因此句为否定句，应用r。故填r。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：只在操场上使用设计好的设备。根据design sth t d sth“设计……做”可知，此处该短语的被形式,即be designed t d sth.，用不定式作主语补足语；use和逻辑主语it之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式t be dne。故填t be used。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：参加体育活动或运动时，应穿戴适当的运动服及器材。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子暗含的主语yu之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语。故填taking。
40．考查名词。句意：听从教练和体育老师的指导。设空处和and后的teachers并列，应用名词复数的形式。故填caches。
41．考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：小心地板湿了。设空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，应用连接词that。故填that。
42．考查副词。句意：如果管道或电力不工作或不正常工作，向学校工作人员报告。设空处在句中应用副词的形式修饰动词wrk，故填prperly。
43．考查名词。句意：不要用盒子或家具堵住门口，不要用走廊存放东西。设空处作介词fr的宾语，应用名词形式。故填strage。
44．考查谓语动词。句意：按照指示穿戴安全装备。设空处在从句中作谓语，和主语yu之间是被动关系。叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。设空处为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为yu，结合主谓一致。故填are instructed。
45．考查代词。句意：用完设备后要把它收起来。设空处指代本句中的不可数名词equipment，应用it。故填it。
46．Dear editr,
I’m writing t share my experience with yu.
Last night, my classmate Li Hua and I was n the way back t drm frm the biler huse when his therms bttle explded. The ht water in the bttle pured ut and nt his feet. They blistered immediately. We were shcked very much. I knew that we must take sme emergent steps t save his feet. With the first aid measures in my mind, I hurried him t the cld tap and put his feet in the running water fr a lng time until he didn’t feel that hurt. Finally, I tk him t the schl clinic and he gt sme prfessinal treatment.
It was at that time that I realized the first aid was f great imprtance.
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生向学校英文报投稿，主要讲述因同学李华被开水烫伤了脚而对此进行必要的急救的过程。
【详解】1.词汇积累
立刻，马上：immediately→instantly
震惊的：shcked→surprised
采取措施：take steps→take measures
重要的：f great imprtance→imprtant
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The ht water in the bttle pured ut and nt his feet. They blistered immediately.
拓展句：The ht water in the bttle pured ut and nt his feet, which blistered immediately.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last night, my classmate Li Hua and I was n the way back t drm frm the biler huse when his therms bttle explded.（由when引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】I knew that we must take sme emergent steps t save his feet.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】With the first aid measures in my mind, I rushed him t the cl water tap and put his feet in the running water fr a lng time until he didn’t feel that hurt.（由until引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型4】It was at that time that I realized the first aid was f great imprtance.（由It was…that引导的强调句型）
47．One pssible versin:
Right then, Henry sensed my embarrassment. He immediately came t my aid. He pulled up my skirt and skillfully tied the drawstring with a beautiful knt. Seeing what Henry did fr me, smething deep in my mind began t change. It seemed as if my cld heart began t melt slwly and my annyance at him gradually gave way t guilt. I regretted having treated him as a stranger. While my mind was wandering, ur perfrmance time came. It turned ut a great success, thunderus applause filling the whle theatre.
After the perfrmance, I fund Henry and tapped him n the arm gratefully. “Thanks,” I said with a grateful smile n my face. I had t admit that but fr his timely help, I wuld have been extremely embarrassed. Withut his kntting skill, the perfrmance wuld have been quite different. “KNOT a prblem. Yu are my sister,” he grinned inncently, saying humrusly. Surrunded by the cheerful atmsphere, I felt a fld f warmth f a big family. Maybe it wuldn’t be s bad t have a new persn in my crner f the wrld after all.
【导语】本文以人物为线索，主要讲述了作者因为家里新收养的孩子，觉着母亲不再关注自己，觉得新收养的孩子偷了母亲对自己的爱而内心备受伤害。却在一次戏剧演出中，自己的裙子束带松了，这个男孩帮助了作者，避免了在舞台上裙子掉落的尴尬。通过这件事，作者也才意识到家里有了这个新成员也是一件不错的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“在那时，亨利察觉出了我的尴尬。”可知，第一段可描写亨利如何帮助作者避免尴尬和作者的内心感受。
②由第二段首句内容“演出结束后，我找到了亨利，并感激地拍了拍他的手臂。”可知，第二段可描写作者对亨利的感谢和感悟。
2.续写线索：裙子束带松了，察觉尴尬——帮助系紧，避免尴尬——内心被温暖——演出后表示感谢——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①帮助：cme t ne’s aid/give sb. a hand
②改变：change/alter
③将……视为：treat…
情绪类
①后悔：regret/feel srry fr
②感激的：grateful/appreciative
【点睛】【高分句型1】It seemed as if my cld heart began t melt slwly and my annyance at him gradually gave way t guilt.(运用了as if引导的表语从句)
【高分句型2】Withut his kntting skill, the perfrmance wuld have been quite different.(运用了虚拟语气)