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2021-2022学年福建省厦门市同安第一中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（含解析）
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这是一份2021-2022学年福建省厦门市同安第一中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37，词汇激活等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一学期期中考试
高三年英语试卷
一． 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A
New Yrk Public Library
This impressive lcatin, prudly guarded by ryal-lking marble lins, amng the city's mst splendid public spaces. Of curse the Rse Reading Rm-wh wuldn't be inspired by all thse crystal chandeliers? But if yu're here fr the bks, yu wn't be disappinted either: there are sme 50 millin items spread ut acrss these piles.
New Yrk Academy f Medicine
Established in 1847 and pened t the public in 1878, this library hlds a thrugh catalgue f medical jurnals, dcuments and ther materials. The library subscribes t mre than 1,000 jurnals, and there are mre than 800,000 issues. Its histrical cllectins even cntain dcumentatin abut an 18th-century smallpx utbreak in the U.K.
The Mrgan Library & Museum
Originally the private library f nne ther than Jhn Pierpnt Mrgan - this amazing building was first intended fr bkish pursuits in 1910. In 2006, a massive redecratin brught mre natural light int the building and dubled the size f the exhibitin space. Tday, the museum welcmes visitrs t see cllectins f riginal Michelangel drawings and its theater regularly hsts cncerts.
The Center fr Fictin
The Center fr Fictin recently pened a new lcatin in Dwntwn Brklyn that brings the ld-wrld charm f fictin tgether. While members are required t take advantage f its upstairs library and they can get discunts n reading grups, the public is free t check ut the grund flr where a part f its library sits as well as its bkstre. It's a beautifully quiet space fr literature lvers t sit and read.
1．What's special abut New Yrk Public Library?
A．It has a very lng histry.B．It sells bks as well.
C．It can meet readers’ different tastes fr bks.D．It is the city's mst splendid public space.
2．Which library may appeal t music lvers?
A．The Center fr Fictin.B．New Yrk Public Library
C．New Yrk Academy f Medicine.D．The Mrgan Library & Museum.
3．What can a reader d in The Center fr Fictin?
A．Make friends with music lversB．Get invlved in reading grups
C．Admire sme famus drawings.D．Learn abut medical dcuments
B
When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language. Having said that, I did nt knw fr a lng time what I was lking fr. It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing. With sme encuragement frm my clleagues, I had ne f my pems published. This bit f success, hwever, was the pint where my prblem began.
Back in 1978, I had t travel between three different campuses in the mrning, teaching freshman cmpsitin. Afternns I spent taking my daughter t her ballet and hrse-riding lessns. T cmpsed my lectures n the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.
As a way ut, decided t get up tw hurs befre my usual time. My alarm was set fr 5:00 A.M. The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm’s reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway. I had t jump ut f bed and run t silence it befre my family was awken. This was when my mrning writing began.
Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing. I wrte my pems in this manner fr nearly ten years befre my first bk was published. When I decided t write a nvel, I divided my tw hurs: the first fr petry, the secnd fr fictin. Well r badly, I wrte at least tw pages a day. This is hw my nvel, The Line f the Sun, was finished. If I had waited t have the time, I wuld still be waiting t write my nvel.
What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl. Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if it's the nly way.
4．What mtivated the authr t start her writing career?
A．Her strng wish t share.B．Her urgent need t make a living
C．Her keen interest in writing.D．Her passinate desire fr fame.
5．What prblem did the authr face when she decided t begin her writing?
A．She had truble in deciding n her writing style.
B．She was t exhausted t write after a busy day
C．She had t take time t discipline her daughter.
D．She was unsure abut her writing skills.
6．Why did the authr place an alarm clck in the hallway?
A．T frce herself ut f bed.B．T wake up her family.
C．In case the clck in her rm brke dwn.D．In case she failed t hear the ringing.
7．What can we learn frm the authr's success in her writing career?
A．It is never t late t change yur jb.B．Imaginative ideas die away if nt taken in time.
C．Daily life prvides ideas fr creative writingD．A tight schedule is n excuse fr lack f actin.
C
It is universally acknwledged that renewable energy surces such as slar, wind and hydrpwer are all much better fr the climate than fssil fuels. It is true fr wind and slar. Hwever, the picture fr hydrpwer is mre cmplicated than we think.
A new study by the Envirnmental Defense Fund analyzed the climate impacts f 1,500 hydrpwer facilities acrss the glbe. That accunts fr abut half f hydrpwer generatin wrldwide. The researchers lked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhuse gas sink r as a surce. T figure this ut, they lked int all the different cmpnents that help determine a hydrpwer facility's greenhuse gas emissins (排放).
“There are s many cntributrs t greenhuse gas emissins frm hydrpwer — but essentially, the majrity f greenhuse gas emissins arise frm the reservir (水库) itself, as vegetatin and sils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used fr the hydrpwer generatin.” said lissa Ock, a senir climate scientist at the Envirnmental Defense Fund and c-authr f the study. As the submerged vegetatin breaks dwn, it releases greenhuse gases such as CO2.
“The larger the surface area f the reservir, the mre greenhuse gases are ging t be given ut frm that reservir. Als, the temperature plays a rle as well hw warm the reservir is will affect hw much greenhuse gases are prduced and given ut frm the reservir.” added Ock.
Thrugh their analysis, Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg, als with the Envirnmental Defense Fund, discvered that the climate impacts f hydrpwer cver a cmplete range. The gd news is that sme facilities perfrm just as well as wind and slar. But shckingly, mre than 100 facilities are actually wrse fr the climate than fssil fuels. The study is in the jurnal Envirnmental Science and Technlgy.
This finding desn't mean we shuld frget abut hydrpwer. “But we just need t be careful t make sure that we have climate benefits. There are a lt f situatins where hydrpwer can be equal t wind and slar. S it really depends n the specific facility." said Ock.
8．Hw d scientists prve hydrpwer facilities' effect n the climate?
A．By making cmparisns.B．By cnducting experiments.
C．By referring t previus studies.D．By analyzing causes and effects.
9．What are the main surces f greenhuse gases frm hydrpwer?
A．Vegetatin and sils.B．Heat and sunlight.
C．Pllutants in the reservir.D．Cmpnents f the generatrs.
10．What have Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg fund?
A．The surface area f a reservir decides the climate.
B．Hydrpwer ften influences the climate in all aspects.
C．Sme facilities perfrm much better than wind and slar.
D．Fssil fuels are wrse fr the climate than ver 100 facilities.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Scientists urge an end t hydrpwer.
B．Hydrpwer is nt necessarily green.
C．Hydrpwer is wrse than fssil fuels.
D．Renewable energy is a cmplicated issue.
D
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Fundatin f the General Thery f Relativity” is the first and still the best intrductin t the subject, and I recmmend it as such t students. But it prbably wuldn’t be publishable in a scientific jurnal tday.
Why nt? After all, it wuld pass with flying clurs the tests f crrectness and significance. And while ppular belief hlds that the paper was incmprehensible t its first readers, in fact many papers in theretical physics are much mre difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrte, “There was a time when the newspapers said that nly 12 men understd the thery f relativity. I d believe there might have been a time when nly ne man did, because he was the nly guy wh caught n, befre he wrte his paper. But after peple read the paper a lt understd the thery f relativity in sme way r ther, certainly mre than 12.”
N, the prblem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philsphical discussin f space and time and then cntinues with an expsitin f knwn mathematics. Thse tw sectins, which wuld be cnsidered extraneus tday, take up half the paper. Wrse, there are zer citatins f previus scientists’ wrk, nr are there any graphics. Thse features might make a paper nt even get past the first editrs.
A similar prcess f prfessinalizatin has transfrmed ther parts f the scientific landscape. Requests fr research time at majr bservatries r natinal labratries are mre rigidly structured. And anything invlving wrk with human subjects, r putting instruments in space, invlves piles f paperwrk.
We see it als in the Regenern Science Talent Search, the Nbel Prize f high schl science cmpetitins. In the early decades f its 78-year histry, the winning prjects were usually the srt f clever but naive, amateurish effrts ne might expect f talented beginners wrking n their wn. Tday, plished wrk cming ut f internships(实习) at established labratries is the nrm.
These prfessinalizing tendencies are a natural cnsequence f the explsive grwth f mdern science. Standardizatin and system make it easier t manage the rapid flw f papers, applicatins and peple. But there are serius dwnsides. A lt f unprductive effrt ges int jumping thrugh bureaucratic hps(繁文缛节), and utsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of curse, Einstein wuld have fund his way t meeting mdern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific cre wuldn’t have changed, but the paper might nt be the same taste t read.
12．Accrding t Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A．was a classic in theretical physics
B．turned ut t be cmprehensible
C．needed further imprvement
D．attracted few prfessinals
13．What des the underlined wrd “extraneus” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Unrealistic.B．Irrelevant.
C．Unattractive.D．Imprecise.
14．Accrding t the authr, what is affected as mdern science develps?
A．The applicatin f research findings.
B．The principle f scientific research.
C．The selectin f yung talents.
D．The evaluatin f labratries.
15．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．What makes Einstein great?
B．Will science be prfessinalized?
C．Culd Einstein get published tday?
D．Hw will mdern science make advances?
第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Vlunturism-A New Trend in Travel
Vlunteering t help peple in need cmbined with travelling t faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called vlunturism, peple travel t ther cuntries, learn languages and ther cultures and gain new experiences. 16
Recent statistics shw that in the past few years vlunturism has been ne f the fastest-grwing areas f turism. 17 They wrk in rphanages, help build schls, assist in hspitals and d farming wrk in develping cuntries. Sme f them establish lasting bnds with peple far away.
18 Students see it as a gap year after schl, thers simply want t take time ut frm a jb and d smething else. Then there are thse wh are bred and merely seek adventure. 19
They think it is a cheap way f traveling and dn't really want t get invlved in hard wrk.
Nt everyne sees vlunturism in a psitive way. Critics say that if peple really want t help thse in need there are many pprtunities in their wn cmmunity t d this. 20 Travel experts pint ut that in sme cases vlunturists are explited by the rganizatin that sets up the trips.
A．Vlunturism has been arund fr ver a century.
B．There are many reasns why peple want t engage in vlunturism.
C．Hwever, many vlunturists d nt see vlunteering as what it is.
D．Vlunturism is a great way fr vlunturists t braden their hrizns.
E．In additin, vlunteers are ften nt skilled enugh fr the tasks that they d.
F．On the ther side, they vlunteer t help thers wh are nt as well ff as they are.
G．Mre than 1.6 millin peple arund the wrld are vlunteers in ther cuntries.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题:小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We mved there n my third birthday. My first 21 is ur neighbr Arlene handing me strawberries frm her garden thrugh a hle in the chain-link fence. She and her husband, Bill, lived next dr.
One day, my parents asked Bill and Arlene whether they’d watch me 22 they were ut n a date. This 23 well fr everyne, s it became a smewhat mnthly ccurrence. Arlene and Bill didn’t have kids. They had a 24 rm in their huse, which became “my” rm. I had a cabinet and bxes f tys and bks in that rm. Arlene and I wuld d crafts tgether. Bill taught me hw t 25 the lawn tractr and eventually a car (stick and autmatic).
When I was abut five, I had an idea. My parents were watching TV when I spit it ut: “What if I adpt Bill and Arlene as my 26 ?” My parents said I culd g ver and ask them. I 27 n Bill and Arlene’s dr, sat dwn in their living rm, and said, “Will yu guys be my grandparents?” They started crying and 28 accepted. Sn after, they printed ut an adptin 29 , and it hung n their living rm wall frm then n.
I remember being surprised that they tk my 30 s seriusly — nt because I wasn’t serius but because I was just a kid. They culd have 31 it ff. Thinking f that mment still brings tears t my eyes. There is smething truly magnificent abut a child ffering up her lve and 32 being s excited t accept it. Every child in this wrld 33 enthusiastically respnded lve.
Arlene passed away in 2013, tw days befre ur adptin anniversary. Bill gave her eulgy (悼词). At the end, he said, “Arlene 34 her husband, Bill. And the greatest jy f her life, her granddaughter, Katie.”
After the funeral, Bill gave me the ring he’d gifted t Arlene n their 25th wedding anniversary. It’s a simple gld band that I wear n my ring finger as a 35 f the kind f lve I wish t put int this wrld.
21．A．thughtB．impressinC．memryD．cmmunicatin
22．A．whileB．thughC．unlessD．because
23．A．imprvedB．wrkedC．perfrmedD．functined
24．A．privateB．spareC．publicD．smth
25．A．driveB．buildC．streD．select
26．A．relatinsB．friendsC．childrenD．grandparents
27．A．bservedB．calledC．knckedD．strke
28．A．reluctantlyB．enthusiasticallyC．vluntarilyD．unwillingly
29．A．academyB．cmmitmentC．certificateD．prcedure
30．A．chargeB．fferC．sentenceD．favr
31．A．kickedB．laughedC．keptD．wiped
32．A．pepleB．parentsC．adultsD．friends
33．A．refusesB．hpesC．receivesD．deserves
34．A．submits tB．cunts nC．gives awayD．leaves behind
35．A．reminderB．suggestinC．prfD．present
第二节语篇填空(共10小题;每小题15分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ancient architecture in China stands ut 36 its fine wden structures, the elegant utside and beautiful decratin. T survive the frequent flds and ther natural disasters, wd 37 (prefer) fr mst architectural structures in ancient China. China's 38 (traditin) wden structures were quite cmplicatedly frmed, smetimes withut any nails! Apart frm this, existing examples f ancient Chinese architecture are als 39 (wide) praised fr its elegant utlines and varius features, such as verhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned rf crners, and different 40 (shape) f rfs. The unique utside nt nly satisfied a practical functin, but als made 41 pssible fr the buildings t have wnderful appearances. Architects in ancient China, 42 paid special attentin t decratin, used different clrs r paintings accrding t particular building functins r lcal custms. Carved beams, painted rafters(椽子), varius patterns, carved bards and wall paintings were used 43 (add) a clrful and beautiful style t the inside. 44 utside f buildings was decrated with stne lins, screen walls, decrative clumns, as well as flwers. Many ancient buildings 45 (design) by famus architects attract a number f turists every year.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46．假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校足球队将与来自伦敦的学生进行一场友谊赛，请你代表全体师生用英语写一篇欢迎辞，内容包括：
1.校队简介；2.比赛意义；3.表达祝愿。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear guests, teachers and fellw students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everything abut mving day was a puzzle. I didn't knw anything abut ur new building n a new street. Our ld life was brken int pieces and packed up in piled bxes. I wndered if it wuld ever fit back tgether again.
Mm intrduced me t ur new neighburs, the Chens. Mrs Chen wrked with Mm at the jb she'd just started. Mr Chen was a famus craftsman(匠人) frm China.
Mm said it was a fresh start, but it felt brken t me. I just wanted things t g back t hw they had been befre.
After the first day at my new schl, I walked hme alne. Mm had tld me she had t wrk. I was still hping she'd meet me after the bell. I had t pen the dr myself with the new key. I felt a bit hungry and went straight int the kitchen, ripping tape frm the packed bxes while I searched fr a clean plate. My fingers slipped, and smething went crashing t the grund.
“Benjamin” cried Mm frm the drway. I didn't hear her cme in. “What just brke?” she asked, kneeling t pick up the pieces. In her hands, I recgnized the shattered pieces. It was Grandma's bwl. “I can't believe yu brke this,” she said.
“Well, I can't believe we have t live here nw! I can't believe I have t switch schls, and I can't believe yu didn't even meet me after my first day” I ran int my rm, slamming the dr behind me.
The brm swept acrss the kitchen flr. Then the click f Mm's bedrm dr clsed behind her. I sneaked ut int the kitchen and fund the fragments in the dustbin. There were s many pieces in here, but maybe I culd put them back tgether. Turning the pieces, I tried t match them,but this bwl wuld never lk the same again.
“I'm srry I yelled,” said Mm, as she pened her dr. “Please just thrw ut the pieces. We can't make a fresh start with brken things.”
As I wandered dwn the hall, Mr Chen was emptying his garbage.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：
“Are yu sure yu want t thrw that ut?” he asked.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I brught the repaired bwl int her rm.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1．D 2．D 3．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个拥有藏书的地方以及它们各自的特色。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This impressive lcatin, prudly guarded by ryal-lking marble lins, amng the city's mst splendid public spaces.(这个令人印象深刻的地方，由皇家模样的大理石狮子自豪地守卫着，是这座城市最壮观的公共空间之一)”可知，纽约公共图书馆的特别之处是它是这个城市最精彩的公共空间。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据The Mrgan Library & Museum部分中“Tday, the museum welcmes visitrs t see cllectins f riginal Michelangel drawings and its theater regularly hsts cncerts.(今天，博物馆欢迎游客参观收藏的米开朗基罗原画，它的剧院定期举办音乐会)”可知，The Mrgan Library & Museum可能会吸引音乐爱好者。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While members are required t take advantage f its upstairs library and they can get discunts n reading grups, the public is free t check ut the grund flr where a part f its library sits as well as its bkstre.(虽然会员被要求利用其楼上的图书馆，他们可以获得阅读小组的折扣，但公众可以免费参观一楼，图书馆的一部分和书店都坐落在那里)”可知，读者能在小说中心参加读书会。故选B。
4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者写作的原因和现实的困难以及解决办法。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing.(直到我追寻这种感觉的源头，我才发现自己对写作有了热情)”可知，是作者对写作的强烈兴趣促使她开始写作生涯。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.(当我回到家，在工作了一整天之后，我已经没有足够的时间写作了)”可知，当作者决定开始写作时，她面临着忙碌了一天筋疲力尽无法再写作的困难。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway.(第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上)”可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if it’s the nly way.(对许多人来说，最初的紧迫感很容易就消失了，因为它需要做出艰难的决定：花时间去创造，如果这是唯一的方法，那么从自己身上偷走它)”可推断，从作者的写作生涯中我们能学到，紧凑的时间表不是不采取行动的借口。故选D。
8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，主要研究水力发电对气候的影响，并得出结论并不是所有水力发电都是清洁能源。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers lked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhuse gas sink r as a surce. T figure this ut, they lked int all the different cmpnents that help determine a hydrpwer facility's greenhuse gas emissins (排放). （研究人员观察了这些设施是作为温室气体汇还是作为温室气体源。为了弄清楚这一点，他们研究了所有有助于确定水力发电设施温室气体排放的不同组成部分。） ”由此可知研究人员是通过分析原因和结果来证明水电设施对气候的影响。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“ “There are s many cntributrs t greenhuse gas emissins frm hydrpwer — but essentially, the majrity f greenhuse gas emissins arise frm the reservir (水库) itself, as vegetatin and sils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used fr the hydrpwer generatin.” said lissa Ock, a senir climate scientist at the Envirnmental Defense Fund and c-authr f the study. As the submerged vegetatin breaks dwn, it releases greenhuse gases such as CO2.（水电排放的温室气体有很多，但基本上，大部分温室气体排放来自水库本身，因为用于水电发电的大坝将植被和土壤淹没在水下。环境保护基金(Envirnmental Defense Fund)的资深气候科学家、该研究的合著者丽莎·奥科(lissa Ock)说。当被淹没的植被分解时，会释放出二氧化碳等温室气体。） ”由此可知，水电排放的温室气体主要来源是植被和土壤，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Thrugh their analysis, Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg, als with the Envirnmental Defense Fund, discvered that the climate impacts f hydrpwer cver a cmplete range.（通过他们的分析，Ock和她的合著者Steven Hamburg(也是环境保护基金的成员)发现，水力发电对气候的影响涵盖了一个完整的范围。） ”由此可知Ock和她的合著者Steven Hamburg发现水力发电对气候的影响包含各个方面，故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is universally acknwledged that renewable energy surces such as slar, wind and hydrpwer are all much better fr the climate than fssil fuels. It is true fr wind and slar. Hwever, the picture fr hydrpwer is mre cmplicated than we think.（众所周知，太阳能、风能和水力发电等可再生能源对气候的影响都比化石燃料好得多。风能和太阳能也是如此。然而，水电的前景比我们想象的要复杂得多。） ”以及下文的研究描述，可知水电对气候的影响很多，并不一定都是绿色的，故选B。
12．B 13．B 14．C 15．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用物理学家的话以及现代科学爆炸式发展带来的专业化趋势来介绍爱因斯坦1915年的名著《广义相对论的基础》，这篇论文读起来不一样的地方以及它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表的原因。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrte, “There was a time when the newspapers said that nly 12 men understd the thery f relativity. I d believe there might have been a time when nly ne man did, because he was the nly guy wh caught n, befre he wrte his paper. But after peple read the paper a lt understd the thery f relativity in sme way r ther, certainly mre than 12.（正如物理学家理查德·费曼所写：“曾经有一段时间，报纸上说只有12个人理解相对论。我相信或许确实有过只有一个人懂相对论的时候——因为在这篇论文之前，只有爱因斯坦理解这个问题。但当人们读了这篇论文，有很多人，绝对超过12个，或多或少都对相对论有了一定理解）”可知，爱因斯坦1915年的论文证明是可以理解的。故选B。
13．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后句“Wrse, there are zer citatins f previus scientists’ wrk, nr are there any graphics. Thse features might make a paper nt even get past the first editrs.”可知，更糟的是，文章没有对前人科学研究进行任何引用，也没有任何图。这些缺失对如今的科学论文来说是致命的。这样的文章甚至都不会被编辑送审，这说明爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的，因此此处是说他在论文中花大量篇幅进行的哲学讨论和张量微积分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要的，所以画线词词义为“无关紧要的”。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第七段“A lt f unprductive effrt ges int jumping thrugh bureaucratic hps(繁文缛节), and utsiders face entry barriers at every turn.（它从一个关于空间和时间的轻松的大量无用功都耗费在了突破官僚形式的层层桎梏上，也抬高了新人的准入门槛。）”可推断，在作者看来，现代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But it prbably wuldn’t be publishable in a scientific jurnal tday.（但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。）”可知，第一段是总起句，文章围绕着这个问题展开论述，所以这篇文章最好的题目是——“Culd Einstein get published tday?( 爱因斯坦的《相对论》今天能出版吗？)”故选C。
16．F 17．G 18．B 19．C 20．E
【分析】本文属于议论文，讲述志愿者旅行最近很受大家的欢迎，不同的人对此的态度和目的不同，有利也有弊。
16．根据上文“Vlunteering t help peple in need cmbined with travelling t faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called vlunturism, peple travel t ther cuntries, learn languages and ther cultures and gain new experiences.(志愿帮助需要帮助的人结合到遥远的地方旅游是旅游业的新趋势。这被称为志愿旅游，人们到其他国家旅游，学习语言和其他文化，并获得新的经验)”可知，上文提到了志愿旅游可以学习语言和其他文化，并获得新的经验，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明志愿旅游的好处。故F选项“另一方面，他们志愿去帮助那些没有他们那么富裕的人”符合语境，故选F。
17．根据上文“Recent statistics shw that in the past few years vlunturism has been ne f the fastest-grwing areas f turism.(最近的统计数据显示，在过去的几年里，志愿旅游已经成为旅游业发展最快的领域之一)”以及后文“They wrk in rphanages, help build schls, assist in hspitals and d farming wrk in develping cuntries. Sme f them establish lasting bnds with peple far away.(他们在孤儿院工作，帮助建立学校，帮助医院，在发展中国家做农业工作。他们中的一些人与远方的人建立了持久的联系)”可知，后文列举了志愿者在不同的地方工作，可推测从事志愿者的人数很多，故G选项“世界上有160多万人是其他国家的志愿者”符合语境，故选G。
18．根据后文“Students see it as a gap year after schl, thers simply want t take time ut frm a jb and d smething else. Then there are thse wh are bred and merely seek adventure.(学生们把这视为毕业后的间隔年，其他人只是想从工作中抽出时间做点别的事情。也有一些人感到无聊，只想寻求冒险)”可知，后文列举了从事志愿旅游的原因。故B选项“人们参与志愿旅游的原因有很多”符合语境，故选B。
19．根据后文“They think it is a cheap way f traveling and dn't really want t get invlved in hard wrk. (他们认为这是一种便宜的旅行方式，并不是真的想参与艰苦的工作)”可知，后文提到一些只是把志愿旅游当作便宜的旅游方式，可见他们并没有看到志愿服务的实质，故本句与上文构成转折，故C选项“然而，许多志愿者游客并没有看到志愿服务是什么”符合语境，故选C。
20．根据上文“Nt everyne sees vlunturism in a psitive way. Critics say that if peple really want t help thse in need there are many pprtunities in their wn cmmunity t d this.(并不是每个人都从积极的角度看待志愿旅游。批评人士说，如果人们真的想帮助那些需要帮助的人，在他们自己的社区有很多机会这样做)”以及后文“Travel experts pint ut that in sme cases vlunturists are explited by the rganizatin that sets up the trips.(旅游专家指出，在某些情况下，志愿游客被组织旅行的组织所利用)”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明批评人士对于志愿者的批评观点，故E选项“此外，志愿者通常没有足够的技能来完成他们所做的任务”符合语境，故选E。
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者和邻居两老人（无孩子）的慢慢相处，最后确立了祖孙关系，向读者讲述了一个暖心又令人感动的故事。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个记忆是我们的邻居阿琳通过铁丝网篱笆上的一个洞把她花园里的草莓递给我。A. thught想法；B. impressin印象；C. memry记忆；D. cmmunicatin交流。由上文的“We mved there n my third birthday.”可知，这是作者搬到那里之后的最早的记忆（三岁时的记忆，年纪非常小）。故选C项。
22．考查连词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我父母问比尔和阿琳，他们出去约会时是否可以照看我。A. while在……期间；B. thugh尽管；C. unless除非；D. because因为。由下文的“they were ut n a date”可知，作者父母要出去约会，怕孩子没人照看，所以问邻居，他们出去约会时是否可以照看作者。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对每个人都很管用，所以它成了每月都会发生的事情。A. imprved改善；B. wrked使产生效果、起作用；C. perfrmed表演；D. functined运转。由下文的“s it became a smewhat mnthly ccurrence”和下文语境可知，比尔和阿琳照看作者成了每月都会发生的事情，说明让比尔和阿琳照看作者对每个人都起作用，无孩子的比尔和阿琳生活中有了乐趣，作者父母可以出去约会，作者有人照看。故选B项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的房子里有一个空余的房间，后来成了“我的”房间。A. private私有的；B. spare空余的；C. public公共的；D. smth光滑的。由上文的“Arlene and Bill didn’t have kids.”和下文的“which became “my” rm”可知，比尔和阿琳无孩子，作者后来在比尔和阿琳家有了自己的房间，说明比尔和阿琳家有空余的房间。故选B项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：比尔教我如何驾驶草坪拖拉机，最后教我开一辆汽车（手动式和自动式）。A. drive驾驶；B. build建立；C. stre储存；D. select选择。由下文的“the lawn tractr”和“a car”可知，此处指比尔教作者驾驶拖拉机和汽车。故选A项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母正在看电视，我吐出一句话：“如果我让比尔和阿琳作我的祖父母呢？”A. relatins关系；B. friends朋友；C. children孩子；D. grandparents祖父母。由下文的“Will yu guys be my grandparents?”可知，作者想让比尔和阿琳作自己的祖父母。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我敲了敲比尔和阿琳的门，坐在他们的客厅里，说：“你们愿意做我的祖父母吗？”A. bserved观察；B. called叫；C. kncked敲；D. strke轻抚。由上文的“ n Bill and Arlene’s dr”可知，父母同意作者去问问邻居比尔和阿琳，可推断出作者去敲邻居门了。故选C项。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们哭了起来，热情地接受了。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. enthusiastically热情地；C. vluntarily自愿地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“They started crying”、下文的“being s excited t accept it”和下文语境可知，作者小时候提议想要无孩子的比尔和阿琳当自己的祖父母，他们感动哭了，之后还弄了一张收养证明挂在客厅的墙上，可推断出他们热情地接受了。故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，他们打印了一份收养证明，从此就挂在客厅的墙上。A. academy学院；B. cmmitment承诺；C. certificate证明；D. prcedure程序。由上文的“What if I adpt Bill and Arlene as my 6 ?”和下文的“and it hung n their living rm wall frm then n”可知，作者小时候提议想收养比尔和阿琳做自己的祖父母，比尔和阿琳欣然接受，为了表达喜悦之情，所以打印了一份收养证明挂在客厅的墙上。故选C项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得很惊讶他们如此认真地对待我的提议，不是因为我不是认真的，而是因为我还是个孩子。A. charge收费；B. ffer建议；C. sentence句子；D. favr喜爱。由上文语境和下文的“a child ffering up her lve”可知，作者小时候提议想收养比尔和阿琳做自己的祖父母（这是一种爱的表现），比尔和阿琳欣然接受，还弄了一张收养证明挂在客厅的墙上，非常认真地对待作者的提议，下文ffer原词复现。故选B项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们本可以一笑置之。A. kicked踢；B. laughed大笑；C. kept保持；D. wiped擦。由上文的“but because I was just a kid”可知，作者小时候提议想收养比尔和阿琳做自己的祖父母，常识可知，孩子不能收养成人，成人听到孩子这么说，都会笑一下，当作玩笑话。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个孩子献出自己的爱，而大人们却如此兴奋地接受，这真是太美妙了。A. peple人；B. parents父母；C. adults成人；D. friends朋友。由上文的“They started crying and 8 accepted.”可知，作者小时候提议想要无孩子的比尔和阿琳当自己的祖父母，比尔和阿琳感动哭了且热情地接受了，比尔和阿琳是成年人。故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界上每一个孩子都应该得到热烈的爱。A. refuses拒绝；B. hpes希望；C. receives接受；D. deserves应得、值得。由上文的“There is smething truly magnificent abut a child ffering up her lve and 12 being s excited t accept it.”可知，作者献出自己的爱，大人们兴奋地接受了，所以作者感慨世界上每一个孩子都应该得到热烈的爱。故选D项。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：阿琳留下了她的丈夫比尔。A. submits t使某人忍受某事；B. cunts n依靠；C. gives away赠送；D. leaves behind留下。由上文的“Arlene passed away in 2013”可知，阿琳过世了，所以留下她的丈夫比尔在世上。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的金戒指，我戴在我的无名指上，以提醒把爱带入这个世界。A. reminder提醒人的事物；B. suggestin建议；C. prf证据；D. present礼物。由上文语境和下文的“the kind f lve I wish t put int this wrld”可知，作者的爱得到了大人们热烈地回应，比尔把他在他们结婚25周年纪念日送给阿琳的戒指给了作者，作者戴在手上，是把戒指作为一个提醒的事物，以提醒自己要把爱爱带入这个世界。故选A项。
36．fr 37．was preferred 38．traditinal 39．widely 40．shapes 41．it 42．wh 43．t add 44．The 45．designed
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的古建筑，介绍了其特点和独特的外观等情况。
36．考查介词。句意：中国古代建筑因其精致的木结构、优雅的外观和美丽的装饰而著称。结合句意表示“因为”应用介词fr。故填fr。
37．考查动词时态语态。句意：为了在频繁的洪水和其他自然灾害中幸存下来，中国古代的大多数建筑结构首选木材。根据后文in ancient China可知应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为wd，谓语动词用单数。故填was preferred。
38．考查形容词。句意：中国的传统木结构是相当复杂的，有时没有钉子！修饰后文名词structures应用形容词traditinal，作定语。故填traditinal。
39．考查副词。句意：除此之外，现存的中国古代建筑也因其优美的外形和各种不同的特征而广受赞誉，如悬垂的屋檐、翘起的屋角和不同形状的屋顶。修饰动词praise应用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，wide作副词时表示“宽地”不符合语境。故填widely。
40．考查名词的数。句意同上。shape为可数名词，由different修饰应用复数。故填shapes。
41．考查形式宾语。句意：独特的外观不仅满足了建筑的实用功能，也使其外观美观成为可能。make后跟it作形式宾语为固定用法，短语make it pssible fr“使……成为可能”。故填it。
42．考查定语从句。句意：中国古代的建筑师特别注重装饰，根据特定的建筑功能或地方习俗使用不同的色彩或绘画。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Architects，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词wh。故填wh。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：雕刻的梁，画的椽，各种图案，雕刻的板和壁画被用来增加一个丰富多彩的和美丽的风格内部。表示“被用来做某事”短语为be used t d sth.。故填t add。
44．考查冠词。句意：建筑物的外面装饰有石狮、屏风、装饰柱和鲜花。此处特指古建筑的外部，utside前应用定冠词the。句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多由著名建筑师设计的古建筑每年都吸引着许多游客。分析句子结构可知design在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语buildings构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填designed。
46．One pssible versin:
Dear guests, teachers and fellw students,
I’m Li Hua, chairman f the Students’ Unin. First, please allw me, n behalf f ur schl, t extend the warmest welcme t ur distinguished guests frm Lndn. And we are hnred t have the chance t play a friendly match with yu.
Established in the 1950s, ur ftball team enjys a gd reputatin as ne f the tp teams thrughut the prvince, winning ne champinship after anther. Nw it has 50 members and 4 caches. Tday’s friendly match is a glden pprtunity fr yung players frm Britain and China t develp ftballing skills and enhance ur friendship.
Finally, I heartily wish the match a remarkable success. Thank yu!
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇欢迎辞，欢迎来自伦敦的参加友谊赛的学生、简单介绍校足球队并对比赛表达祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：first→first f all
增强：enhance→strengthen
最后：finally→at last
衷心地，真诚地：heartily→sincerely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：And we are hnred t have the chance t play a friendly match with yu.
拓展句：And we are hnred t have the chance that we can play a friendly match with yu.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Established in the 1950s, ur ftball team enjys a gd reputatin as ne f the tp teams thrughut the prvince, winning ne champinship after anther.（句中运用了过去分词和现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】Tday’s friendly match is a glden pprtunity fr yung players frm Britain and China t develp ftballing skills and enhance ur friendship.（句中运用了不定式的复合结构fr sb. t d sth.）
47．Paragraph 1：
“Are yu sure yu want t thrw that ut?” he asked. My thrat twisted int a knt. “It's brken,” I murmured. “That's a simple repair. Cme.” In their apartment, Mr Chen spread the brken pieces ut like a jigsaw puzzle. After finding each match, he taught me t delicately rebuild the bwl, filling in the crack lines with a special paint. Finally, the bwl was tgether again. I held it gently in the palm f my hand and admired it fr lng. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as befre. I culdn't wait t shw it t Mm and rushed back hme.
Paragraph 2：
I brught the repaired bwl int her rm. Obviusly, she was mre than surprised t see the bwl again. “It's amazing” she marveled, running her fingertip ver the fixed cracks. “Mr Chen helped me mend it. He is a superb craftsman,” I said with a grin. “Definitely. After being repaired, it lks much strnger than befre” said Mm, smiling radiantly. I sat n the edge f her bed, and Mm reached ut t me. Our hands jined with crisscrssed fingers, we bth knew this was a new beginning.
【分析】本文以一个举家迁移的小男孩人主要人物，展开描写。主要讲述了一个名叫本杰明的小男孩因搬入新的居所，感到很不适应，对妈妈很不理解。因为一只摔碎的碗，与妈妈发生了争吵。然后，在陈先生的帮助下，修复了这只碗，从而消除了母子之间的隔阂。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他问我是否确定要扔掉那些碎片。”可知，第一段可描写作者在中国匠人陈先生的帮助下，修复了摔碎的碗。
②由第二段首句内容“我把修复好的碗拿给妈妈看”可知，第二段可描写作者将修复好的碗给妈妈展示，从而消除了母子之间的隔阂。
2.续写线索：修复——完成——喜出望外——向妈妈展示——微笑——心贴心
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.散开：spread ut/fan ut/scatter
②.欣赏：admire/appreciate/enjy
③.猛冲：rush/strm/run
情绪类
①.惊叹：marvel/amaze
②.喜气洋洋地：radiantly/cheerfully/brightly
【点睛】[高分句型1]. She marveled, running her fingertip ver the fixed cracks.（由running现在分词短语作状语）
[高分句型2]. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as befre.（由形容词different作状语）
[高分句型3]. Our hands jined with crisscrssed fingers, we bth knew this was a new beginning.（名词hands+过去分词jined构成的独立主格结构）
第一学期期中考试
高三年英语试卷
一． 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A
New Yrk Public Library
This impressive lcatin, prudly guarded by ryal-lking marble lins, amng the city's mst splendid public spaces. Of curse the Rse Reading Rm-wh wuldn't be inspired by all thse crystal chandeliers? But if yu're here fr the bks, yu wn't be disappinted either: there are sme 50 millin items spread ut acrss these piles.
New Yrk Academy f Medicine
Established in 1847 and pened t the public in 1878, this library hlds a thrugh catalgue f medical jurnals, dcuments and ther materials. The library subscribes t mre than 1,000 jurnals, and there are mre than 800,000 issues. Its histrical cllectins even cntain dcumentatin abut an 18th-century smallpx utbreak in the U.K.
The Mrgan Library & Museum
Originally the private library f nne ther than Jhn Pierpnt Mrgan - this amazing building was first intended fr bkish pursuits in 1910. In 2006, a massive redecratin brught mre natural light int the building and dubled the size f the exhibitin space. Tday, the museum welcmes visitrs t see cllectins f riginal Michelangel drawings and its theater regularly hsts cncerts.
The Center fr Fictin
The Center fr Fictin recently pened a new lcatin in Dwntwn Brklyn that brings the ld-wrld charm f fictin tgether. While members are required t take advantage f its upstairs library and they can get discunts n reading grups, the public is free t check ut the grund flr where a part f its library sits as well as its bkstre. It's a beautifully quiet space fr literature lvers t sit and read.
1．What's special abut New Yrk Public Library?
A．It has a very lng histry.B．It sells bks as well.
C．It can meet readers’ different tastes fr bks.D．It is the city's mst splendid public space.
2．Which library may appeal t music lvers?
A．The Center fr Fictin.B．New Yrk Public Library
C．New Yrk Academy f Medicine.D．The Mrgan Library & Museum.
3．What can a reader d in The Center fr Fictin?
A．Make friends with music lversB．Get invlved in reading grups
C．Admire sme famus drawings.D．Learn abut medical dcuments
B
When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language. Having said that, I did nt knw fr a lng time what I was lking fr. It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing. With sme encuragement frm my clleagues, I had ne f my pems published. This bit f success, hwever, was the pint where my prblem began.
Back in 1978, I had t travel between three different campuses in the mrning, teaching freshman cmpsitin. Afternns I spent taking my daughter t her ballet and hrse-riding lessns. T cmpsed my lectures n the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.
As a way ut, decided t get up tw hurs befre my usual time. My alarm was set fr 5:00 A.M. The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm’s reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway. I had t jump ut f bed and run t silence it befre my family was awken. This was when my mrning writing began.
Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing. I wrte my pems in this manner fr nearly ten years befre my first bk was published. When I decided t write a nvel, I divided my tw hurs: the first fr petry, the secnd fr fictin. Well r badly, I wrte at least tw pages a day. This is hw my nvel, The Line f the Sun, was finished. If I had waited t have the time, I wuld still be waiting t write my nvel.
What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl. Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if it's the nly way.
4．What mtivated the authr t start her writing career?
A．Her strng wish t share.B．Her urgent need t make a living
C．Her keen interest in writing.D．Her passinate desire fr fame.
5．What prblem did the authr face when she decided t begin her writing?
A．She had truble in deciding n her writing style.
B．She was t exhausted t write after a busy day
C．She had t take time t discipline her daughter.
D．She was unsure abut her writing skills.
6．Why did the authr place an alarm clck in the hallway?
A．T frce herself ut f bed.B．T wake up her family.
C．In case the clck in her rm brke dwn.D．In case she failed t hear the ringing.
7．What can we learn frm the authr's success in her writing career?
A．It is never t late t change yur jb.B．Imaginative ideas die away if nt taken in time.
C．Daily life prvides ideas fr creative writingD．A tight schedule is n excuse fr lack f actin.
C
It is universally acknwledged that renewable energy surces such as slar, wind and hydrpwer are all much better fr the climate than fssil fuels. It is true fr wind and slar. Hwever, the picture fr hydrpwer is mre cmplicated than we think.
A new study by the Envirnmental Defense Fund analyzed the climate impacts f 1,500 hydrpwer facilities acrss the glbe. That accunts fr abut half f hydrpwer generatin wrldwide. The researchers lked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhuse gas sink r as a surce. T figure this ut, they lked int all the different cmpnents that help determine a hydrpwer facility's greenhuse gas emissins (排放).
“There are s many cntributrs t greenhuse gas emissins frm hydrpwer — but essentially, the majrity f greenhuse gas emissins arise frm the reservir (水库) itself, as vegetatin and sils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used fr the hydrpwer generatin.” said lissa Ock, a senir climate scientist at the Envirnmental Defense Fund and c-authr f the study. As the submerged vegetatin breaks dwn, it releases greenhuse gases such as CO2.
“The larger the surface area f the reservir, the mre greenhuse gases are ging t be given ut frm that reservir. Als, the temperature plays a rle as well hw warm the reservir is will affect hw much greenhuse gases are prduced and given ut frm the reservir.” added Ock.
Thrugh their analysis, Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg, als with the Envirnmental Defense Fund, discvered that the climate impacts f hydrpwer cver a cmplete range. The gd news is that sme facilities perfrm just as well as wind and slar. But shckingly, mre than 100 facilities are actually wrse fr the climate than fssil fuels. The study is in the jurnal Envirnmental Science and Technlgy.
This finding desn't mean we shuld frget abut hydrpwer. “But we just need t be careful t make sure that we have climate benefits. There are a lt f situatins where hydrpwer can be equal t wind and slar. S it really depends n the specific facility." said Ock.
8．Hw d scientists prve hydrpwer facilities' effect n the climate?
A．By making cmparisns.B．By cnducting experiments.
C．By referring t previus studies.D．By analyzing causes and effects.
9．What are the main surces f greenhuse gases frm hydrpwer?
A．Vegetatin and sils.B．Heat and sunlight.
C．Pllutants in the reservir.D．Cmpnents f the generatrs.
10．What have Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg fund?
A．The surface area f a reservir decides the climate.
B．Hydrpwer ften influences the climate in all aspects.
C．Sme facilities perfrm much better than wind and slar.
D．Fssil fuels are wrse fr the climate than ver 100 facilities.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Scientists urge an end t hydrpwer.
B．Hydrpwer is nt necessarily green.
C．Hydrpwer is wrse than fssil fuels.
D．Renewable energy is a cmplicated issue.
D
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Fundatin f the General Thery f Relativity” is the first and still the best intrductin t the subject, and I recmmend it as such t students. But it prbably wuldn’t be publishable in a scientific jurnal tday.
Why nt? After all, it wuld pass with flying clurs the tests f crrectness and significance. And while ppular belief hlds that the paper was incmprehensible t its first readers, in fact many papers in theretical physics are much mre difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrte, “There was a time when the newspapers said that nly 12 men understd the thery f relativity. I d believe there might have been a time when nly ne man did, because he was the nly guy wh caught n, befre he wrte his paper. But after peple read the paper a lt understd the thery f relativity in sme way r ther, certainly mre than 12.”
N, the prblem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philsphical discussin f space and time and then cntinues with an expsitin f knwn mathematics. Thse tw sectins, which wuld be cnsidered extraneus tday, take up half the paper. Wrse, there are zer citatins f previus scientists’ wrk, nr are there any graphics. Thse features might make a paper nt even get past the first editrs.
A similar prcess f prfessinalizatin has transfrmed ther parts f the scientific landscape. Requests fr research time at majr bservatries r natinal labratries are mre rigidly structured. And anything invlving wrk with human subjects, r putting instruments in space, invlves piles f paperwrk.
We see it als in the Regenern Science Talent Search, the Nbel Prize f high schl science cmpetitins. In the early decades f its 78-year histry, the winning prjects were usually the srt f clever but naive, amateurish effrts ne might expect f talented beginners wrking n their wn. Tday, plished wrk cming ut f internships(实习) at established labratries is the nrm.
These prfessinalizing tendencies are a natural cnsequence f the explsive grwth f mdern science. Standardizatin and system make it easier t manage the rapid flw f papers, applicatins and peple. But there are serius dwnsides. A lt f unprductive effrt ges int jumping thrugh bureaucratic hps(繁文缛节), and utsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of curse, Einstein wuld have fund his way t meeting mdern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific cre wuldn’t have changed, but the paper might nt be the same taste t read.
12．Accrding t Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A．was a classic in theretical physics
B．turned ut t be cmprehensible
C．needed further imprvement
D．attracted few prfessinals
13．What des the underlined wrd “extraneus” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Unrealistic.B．Irrelevant.
C．Unattractive.D．Imprecise.
14．Accrding t the authr, what is affected as mdern science develps?
A．The applicatin f research findings.
B．The principle f scientific research.
C．The selectin f yung talents.
D．The evaluatin f labratries.
15．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．What makes Einstein great?
B．Will science be prfessinalized?
C．Culd Einstein get published tday?
D．Hw will mdern science make advances?
第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Vlunturism-A New Trend in Travel
Vlunteering t help peple in need cmbined with travelling t faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called vlunturism, peple travel t ther cuntries, learn languages and ther cultures and gain new experiences. 16
Recent statistics shw that in the past few years vlunturism has been ne f the fastest-grwing areas f turism. 17 They wrk in rphanages, help build schls, assist in hspitals and d farming wrk in develping cuntries. Sme f them establish lasting bnds with peple far away.
18 Students see it as a gap year after schl, thers simply want t take time ut frm a jb and d smething else. Then there are thse wh are bred and merely seek adventure. 19
They think it is a cheap way f traveling and dn't really want t get invlved in hard wrk.
Nt everyne sees vlunturism in a psitive way. Critics say that if peple really want t help thse in need there are many pprtunities in their wn cmmunity t d this. 20 Travel experts pint ut that in sme cases vlunturists are explited by the rganizatin that sets up the trips.
A．Vlunturism has been arund fr ver a century.
B．There are many reasns why peple want t engage in vlunturism.
C．Hwever, many vlunturists d nt see vlunteering as what it is.
D．Vlunturism is a great way fr vlunturists t braden their hrizns.
E．In additin, vlunteers are ften nt skilled enugh fr the tasks that they d.
F．On the ther side, they vlunteer t help thers wh are nt as well ff as they are.
G．Mre than 1.6 millin peple arund the wrld are vlunteers in ther cuntries.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题:小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We mved there n my third birthday. My first 21 is ur neighbr Arlene handing me strawberries frm her garden thrugh a hle in the chain-link fence. She and her husband, Bill, lived next dr.
One day, my parents asked Bill and Arlene whether they’d watch me 22 they were ut n a date. This 23 well fr everyne, s it became a smewhat mnthly ccurrence. Arlene and Bill didn’t have kids. They had a 24 rm in their huse, which became “my” rm. I had a cabinet and bxes f tys and bks in that rm. Arlene and I wuld d crafts tgether. Bill taught me hw t 25 the lawn tractr and eventually a car (stick and autmatic).
When I was abut five, I had an idea. My parents were watching TV when I spit it ut: “What if I adpt Bill and Arlene as my 26 ?” My parents said I culd g ver and ask them. I 27 n Bill and Arlene’s dr, sat dwn in their living rm, and said, “Will yu guys be my grandparents?” They started crying and 28 accepted. Sn after, they printed ut an adptin 29 , and it hung n their living rm wall frm then n.
I remember being surprised that they tk my 30 s seriusly — nt because I wasn’t serius but because I was just a kid. They culd have 31 it ff. Thinking f that mment still brings tears t my eyes. There is smething truly magnificent abut a child ffering up her lve and 32 being s excited t accept it. Every child in this wrld 33 enthusiastically respnded lve.
Arlene passed away in 2013, tw days befre ur adptin anniversary. Bill gave her eulgy (悼词). At the end, he said, “Arlene 34 her husband, Bill. And the greatest jy f her life, her granddaughter, Katie.”
After the funeral, Bill gave me the ring he’d gifted t Arlene n their 25th wedding anniversary. It’s a simple gld band that I wear n my ring finger as a 35 f the kind f lve I wish t put int this wrld.
21．A．thughtB．impressinC．memryD．cmmunicatin
22．A．whileB．thughC．unlessD．because
23．A．imprvedB．wrkedC．perfrmedD．functined
24．A．privateB．spareC．publicD．smth
25．A．driveB．buildC．streD．select
26．A．relatinsB．friendsC．childrenD．grandparents
27．A．bservedB．calledC．knckedD．strke
28．A．reluctantlyB．enthusiasticallyC．vluntarilyD．unwillingly
29．A．academyB．cmmitmentC．certificateD．prcedure
30．A．chargeB．fferC．sentenceD．favr
31．A．kickedB．laughedC．keptD．wiped
32．A．pepleB．parentsC．adultsD．friends
33．A．refusesB．hpesC．receivesD．deserves
34．A．submits tB．cunts nC．gives awayD．leaves behind
35．A．reminderB．suggestinC．prfD．present
第二节语篇填空(共10小题;每小题15分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ancient architecture in China stands ut 36 its fine wden structures, the elegant utside and beautiful decratin. T survive the frequent flds and ther natural disasters, wd 37 (prefer) fr mst architectural structures in ancient China. China's 38 (traditin) wden structures were quite cmplicatedly frmed, smetimes withut any nails! Apart frm this, existing examples f ancient Chinese architecture are als 39 (wide) praised fr its elegant utlines and varius features, such as verhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned rf crners, and different 40 (shape) f rfs. The unique utside nt nly satisfied a practical functin, but als made 41 pssible fr the buildings t have wnderful appearances. Architects in ancient China, 42 paid special attentin t decratin, used different clrs r paintings accrding t particular building functins r lcal custms. Carved beams, painted rafters(椽子), varius patterns, carved bards and wall paintings were used 43 (add) a clrful and beautiful style t the inside. 44 utside f buildings was decrated with stne lins, screen walls, decrative clumns, as well as flwers. Many ancient buildings 45 (design) by famus architects attract a number f turists every year.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46．假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校足球队将与来自伦敦的学生进行一场友谊赛，请你代表全体师生用英语写一篇欢迎辞，内容包括：
1.校队简介；2.比赛意义；3.表达祝愿。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear guests, teachers and fellw students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everything abut mving day was a puzzle. I didn't knw anything abut ur new building n a new street. Our ld life was brken int pieces and packed up in piled bxes. I wndered if it wuld ever fit back tgether again.
Mm intrduced me t ur new neighburs, the Chens. Mrs Chen wrked with Mm at the jb she'd just started. Mr Chen was a famus craftsman(匠人) frm China.
Mm said it was a fresh start, but it felt brken t me. I just wanted things t g back t hw they had been befre.
After the first day at my new schl, I walked hme alne. Mm had tld me she had t wrk. I was still hping she'd meet me after the bell. I had t pen the dr myself with the new key. I felt a bit hungry and went straight int the kitchen, ripping tape frm the packed bxes while I searched fr a clean plate. My fingers slipped, and smething went crashing t the grund.
“Benjamin” cried Mm frm the drway. I didn't hear her cme in. “What just brke?” she asked, kneeling t pick up the pieces. In her hands, I recgnized the shattered pieces. It was Grandma's bwl. “I can't believe yu brke this,” she said.
“Well, I can't believe we have t live here nw! I can't believe I have t switch schls, and I can't believe yu didn't even meet me after my first day” I ran int my rm, slamming the dr behind me.
The brm swept acrss the kitchen flr. Then the click f Mm's bedrm dr clsed behind her. I sneaked ut int the kitchen and fund the fragments in the dustbin. There were s many pieces in here, but maybe I culd put them back tgether. Turning the pieces, I tried t match them,but this bwl wuld never lk the same again.
“I'm srry I yelled,” said Mm, as she pened her dr. “Please just thrw ut the pieces. We can't make a fresh start with brken things.”
As I wandered dwn the hall, Mr Chen was emptying his garbage.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：
“Are yu sure yu want t thrw that ut?” he asked.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I brught the repaired bwl int her rm.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1．D 2．D 3．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个拥有藏书的地方以及它们各自的特色。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This impressive lcatin, prudly guarded by ryal-lking marble lins, amng the city's mst splendid public spaces.(这个令人印象深刻的地方，由皇家模样的大理石狮子自豪地守卫着，是这座城市最壮观的公共空间之一)”可知，纽约公共图书馆的特别之处是它是这个城市最精彩的公共空间。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据The Mrgan Library & Museum部分中“Tday, the museum welcmes visitrs t see cllectins f riginal Michelangel drawings and its theater regularly hsts cncerts.(今天，博物馆欢迎游客参观收藏的米开朗基罗原画，它的剧院定期举办音乐会)”可知，The Mrgan Library & Museum可能会吸引音乐爱好者。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While members are required t take advantage f its upstairs library and they can get discunts n reading grups, the public is free t check ut the grund flr where a part f its library sits as well as its bkstre.(虽然会员被要求利用其楼上的图书馆，他们可以获得阅读小组的折扣，但公众可以免费参观一楼，图书馆的一部分和书店都坐落在那里)”可知，读者能在小说中心参加读书会。故选B。
4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者写作的原因和现实的困难以及解决办法。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing.(直到我追寻这种感觉的源头，我才发现自己对写作有了热情)”可知，是作者对写作的强烈兴趣促使她开始写作生涯。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.(当我回到家，在工作了一整天之后，我已经没有足够的时间写作了)”可知，当作者决定开始写作时，她面临着忙碌了一天筋疲力尽无法再写作的困难。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway.(第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上)”可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if it’s the nly way.(对许多人来说，最初的紧迫感很容易就消失了，因为它需要做出艰难的决定：花时间去创造，如果这是唯一的方法，那么从自己身上偷走它)”可推断，从作者的写作生涯中我们能学到，紧凑的时间表不是不采取行动的借口。故选D。
8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，主要研究水力发电对气候的影响，并得出结论并不是所有水力发电都是清洁能源。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers lked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhuse gas sink r as a surce. T figure this ut, they lked int all the different cmpnents that help determine a hydrpwer facility's greenhuse gas emissins (排放). （研究人员观察了这些设施是作为温室气体汇还是作为温室气体源。为了弄清楚这一点，他们研究了所有有助于确定水力发电设施温室气体排放的不同组成部分。） ”由此可知研究人员是通过分析原因和结果来证明水电设施对气候的影响。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“ “There are s many cntributrs t greenhuse gas emissins frm hydrpwer — but essentially, the majrity f greenhuse gas emissins arise frm the reservir (水库) itself, as vegetatin and sils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used fr the hydrpwer generatin.” said lissa Ock, a senir climate scientist at the Envirnmental Defense Fund and c-authr f the study. As the submerged vegetatin breaks dwn, it releases greenhuse gases such as CO2.（水电排放的温室气体有很多，但基本上，大部分温室气体排放来自水库本身，因为用于水电发电的大坝将植被和土壤淹没在水下。环境保护基金(Envirnmental Defense Fund)的资深气候科学家、该研究的合著者丽莎·奥科(lissa Ock)说。当被淹没的植被分解时，会释放出二氧化碳等温室气体。） ”由此可知，水电排放的温室气体主要来源是植被和土壤，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Thrugh their analysis, Ock and her c-authr Steven Hamburg, als with the Envirnmental Defense Fund, discvered that the climate impacts f hydrpwer cver a cmplete range.（通过他们的分析，Ock和她的合著者Steven Hamburg(也是环境保护基金的成员)发现，水力发电对气候的影响涵盖了一个完整的范围。） ”由此可知Ock和她的合著者Steven Hamburg发现水力发电对气候的影响包含各个方面，故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is universally acknwledged that renewable energy surces such as slar, wind and hydrpwer are all much better fr the climate than fssil fuels. It is true fr wind and slar. Hwever, the picture fr hydrpwer is mre cmplicated than we think.（众所周知，太阳能、风能和水力发电等可再生能源对气候的影响都比化石燃料好得多。风能和太阳能也是如此。然而，水电的前景比我们想象的要复杂得多。） ”以及下文的研究描述，可知水电对气候的影响很多，并不一定都是绿色的，故选B。
12．B 13．B 14．C 15．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用物理学家的话以及现代科学爆炸式发展带来的专业化趋势来介绍爱因斯坦1915年的名著《广义相对论的基础》，这篇论文读起来不一样的地方以及它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表的原因。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrte, “There was a time when the newspapers said that nly 12 men understd the thery f relativity. I d believe there might have been a time when nly ne man did, because he was the nly guy wh caught n, befre he wrte his paper. But after peple read the paper a lt understd the thery f relativity in sme way r ther, certainly mre than 12.（正如物理学家理查德·费曼所写：“曾经有一段时间，报纸上说只有12个人理解相对论。我相信或许确实有过只有一个人懂相对论的时候——因为在这篇论文之前，只有爱因斯坦理解这个问题。但当人们读了这篇论文，有很多人，绝对超过12个，或多或少都对相对论有了一定理解）”可知，爱因斯坦1915年的论文证明是可以理解的。故选B。
13．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后句“Wrse, there are zer citatins f previus scientists’ wrk, nr are there any graphics. Thse features might make a paper nt even get past the first editrs.”可知，更糟的是，文章没有对前人科学研究进行任何引用，也没有任何图。这些缺失对如今的科学论文来说是致命的。这样的文章甚至都不会被编辑送审，这说明爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的，因此此处是说他在论文中花大量篇幅进行的哲学讨论和张量微积分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要的，所以画线词词义为“无关紧要的”。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第七段“A lt f unprductive effrt ges int jumping thrugh bureaucratic hps(繁文缛节), and utsiders face entry barriers at every turn.（它从一个关于空间和时间的轻松的大量无用功都耗费在了突破官僚形式的层层桎梏上，也抬高了新人的准入门槛。）”可推断，在作者看来，现代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But it prbably wuldn’t be publishable in a scientific jurnal tday.（但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。）”可知，第一段是总起句，文章围绕着这个问题展开论述，所以这篇文章最好的题目是——“Culd Einstein get published tday?( 爱因斯坦的《相对论》今天能出版吗？)”故选C。
16．F 17．G 18．B 19．C 20．E
【分析】本文属于议论文，讲述志愿者旅行最近很受大家的欢迎，不同的人对此的态度和目的不同，有利也有弊。
16．根据上文“Vlunteering t help peple in need cmbined with travelling t faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called vlunturism, peple travel t ther cuntries, learn languages and ther cultures and gain new experiences.(志愿帮助需要帮助的人结合到遥远的地方旅游是旅游业的新趋势。这被称为志愿旅游，人们到其他国家旅游，学习语言和其他文化，并获得新的经验)”可知，上文提到了志愿旅游可以学习语言和其他文化，并获得新的经验，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明志愿旅游的好处。故F选项“另一方面，他们志愿去帮助那些没有他们那么富裕的人”符合语境，故选F。
17．根据上文“Recent statistics shw that in the past few years vlunturism has been ne f the fastest-grwing areas f turism.(最近的统计数据显示，在过去的几年里，志愿旅游已经成为旅游业发展最快的领域之一)”以及后文“They wrk in rphanages, help build schls, assist in hspitals and d farming wrk in develping cuntries. Sme f them establish lasting bnds with peple far away.(他们在孤儿院工作，帮助建立学校，帮助医院，在发展中国家做农业工作。他们中的一些人与远方的人建立了持久的联系)”可知，后文列举了志愿者在不同的地方工作，可推测从事志愿者的人数很多，故G选项“世界上有160多万人是其他国家的志愿者”符合语境，故选G。
18．根据后文“Students see it as a gap year after schl, thers simply want t take time ut frm a jb and d smething else. Then there are thse wh are bred and merely seek adventure.(学生们把这视为毕业后的间隔年，其他人只是想从工作中抽出时间做点别的事情。也有一些人感到无聊，只想寻求冒险)”可知，后文列举了从事志愿旅游的原因。故B选项“人们参与志愿旅游的原因有很多”符合语境，故选B。
19．根据后文“They think it is a cheap way f traveling and dn't really want t get invlved in hard wrk. (他们认为这是一种便宜的旅行方式，并不是真的想参与艰苦的工作)”可知，后文提到一些只是把志愿旅游当作便宜的旅游方式，可见他们并没有看到志愿服务的实质，故本句与上文构成转折，故C选项“然而，许多志愿者游客并没有看到志愿服务是什么”符合语境，故选C。
20．根据上文“Nt everyne sees vlunturism in a psitive way. Critics say that if peple really want t help thse in need there are many pprtunities in their wn cmmunity t d this.(并不是每个人都从积极的角度看待志愿旅游。批评人士说，如果人们真的想帮助那些需要帮助的人，在他们自己的社区有很多机会这样做)”以及后文“Travel experts pint ut that in sme cases vlunturists are explited by the rganizatin that sets up the trips.(旅游专家指出，在某些情况下，志愿游客被组织旅行的组织所利用)”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明批评人士对于志愿者的批评观点，故E选项“此外，志愿者通常没有足够的技能来完成他们所做的任务”符合语境，故选E。
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者和邻居两老人（无孩子）的慢慢相处，最后确立了祖孙关系，向读者讲述了一个暖心又令人感动的故事。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个记忆是我们的邻居阿琳通过铁丝网篱笆上的一个洞把她花园里的草莓递给我。A. thught想法；B. impressin印象；C. memry记忆；D. cmmunicatin交流。由上文的“We mved there n my third birthday.”可知，这是作者搬到那里之后的最早的记忆（三岁时的记忆，年纪非常小）。故选C项。
22．考查连词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我父母问比尔和阿琳，他们出去约会时是否可以照看我。A. while在……期间；B. thugh尽管；C. unless除非；D. because因为。由下文的“they were ut n a date”可知，作者父母要出去约会，怕孩子没人照看，所以问邻居，他们出去约会时是否可以照看作者。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对每个人都很管用，所以它成了每月都会发生的事情。A. imprved改善；B. wrked使产生效果、起作用；C. perfrmed表演；D. functined运转。由下文的“s it became a smewhat mnthly ccurrence”和下文语境可知，比尔和阿琳照看作者成了每月都会发生的事情，说明让比尔和阿琳照看作者对每个人都起作用，无孩子的比尔和阿琳生活中有了乐趣，作者父母可以出去约会，作者有人照看。故选B项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的房子里有一个空余的房间，后来成了“我的”房间。A. private私有的；B. spare空余的；C. public公共的；D. smth光滑的。由上文的“Arlene and Bill didn’t have kids.”和下文的“which became “my” rm”可知，比尔和阿琳无孩子，作者后来在比尔和阿琳家有了自己的房间，说明比尔和阿琳家有空余的房间。故选B项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：比尔教我如何驾驶草坪拖拉机，最后教我开一辆汽车（手动式和自动式）。A. drive驾驶；B. build建立；C. stre储存；D. select选择。由下文的“the lawn tractr”和“a car”可知，此处指比尔教作者驾驶拖拉机和汽车。故选A项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母正在看电视，我吐出一句话：“如果我让比尔和阿琳作我的祖父母呢？”A. relatins关系；B. friends朋友；C. children孩子；D. grandparents祖父母。由下文的“Will yu guys be my grandparents?”可知，作者想让比尔和阿琳作自己的祖父母。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我敲了敲比尔和阿琳的门，坐在他们的客厅里，说：“你们愿意做我的祖父母吗？”A. bserved观察；B. called叫；C. kncked敲；D. strke轻抚。由上文的“ n Bill and Arlene’s dr”可知，父母同意作者去问问邻居比尔和阿琳，可推断出作者去敲邻居门了。故选C项。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们哭了起来，热情地接受了。A. reluctantly不情愿地；B. enthusiastically热情地；C. vluntarily自愿地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“They started crying”、下文的“being s excited t accept it”和下文语境可知，作者小时候提议想要无孩子的比尔和阿琳当自己的祖父母，他们感动哭了，之后还弄了一张收养证明挂在客厅的墙上，可推断出他们热情地接受了。故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，他们打印了一份收养证明，从此就挂在客厅的墙上。A. academy学院；B. cmmitment承诺；C. certificate证明；D. prcedure程序。由上文的“What if I adpt Bill and Arlene as my 6 ?”和下文的“and it hung n their living rm wall frm then n”可知，作者小时候提议想收养比尔和阿琳做自己的祖父母，比尔和阿琳欣然接受，为了表达喜悦之情，所以打印了一份收养证明挂在客厅的墙上。故选C项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得很惊讶他们如此认真地对待我的提议，不是因为我不是认真的，而是因为我还是个孩子。A. charge收费；B. ffer建议；C. sentence句子；D. favr喜爱。由上文语境和下文的“a child ffering up her lve”可知，作者小时候提议想收养比尔和阿琳做自己的祖父母（这是一种爱的表现），比尔和阿琳欣然接受，还弄了一张收养证明挂在客厅的墙上，非常认真地对待作者的提议，下文ffer原词复现。故选B项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们本可以一笑置之。A. kicked踢；B. laughed大笑；C. kept保持；D. wiped擦。由上文的“but because I was just a kid”可知，作者小时候提议想收养比尔和阿琳做自己的祖父母，常识可知，孩子不能收养成人，成人听到孩子这么说，都会笑一下，当作玩笑话。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个孩子献出自己的爱，而大人们却如此兴奋地接受，这真是太美妙了。A. peple人；B. parents父母；C. adults成人；D. friends朋友。由上文的“They started crying and 8 accepted.”可知，作者小时候提议想要无孩子的比尔和阿琳当自己的祖父母，比尔和阿琳感动哭了且热情地接受了，比尔和阿琳是成年人。故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界上每一个孩子都应该得到热烈的爱。A. refuses拒绝；B. hpes希望；C. receives接受；D. deserves应得、值得。由上文的“There is smething truly magnificent abut a child ffering up her lve and 12 being s excited t accept it.”可知，作者献出自己的爱，大人们兴奋地接受了，所以作者感慨世界上每一个孩子都应该得到热烈的爱。故选D项。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：阿琳留下了她的丈夫比尔。A. submits t使某人忍受某事；B. cunts n依靠；C. gives away赠送；D. leaves behind留下。由上文的“Arlene passed away in 2013”可知，阿琳过世了，所以留下她的丈夫比尔在世上。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个简单的金戒指，我戴在我的无名指上，以提醒把爱带入这个世界。A. reminder提醒人的事物；B. suggestin建议；C. prf证据；D. present礼物。由上文语境和下文的“the kind f lve I wish t put int this wrld”可知，作者的爱得到了大人们热烈地回应，比尔把他在他们结婚25周年纪念日送给阿琳的戒指给了作者，作者戴在手上，是把戒指作为一个提醒的事物，以提醒自己要把爱爱带入这个世界。故选A项。
36．fr 37．was preferred 38．traditinal 39．widely 40．shapes 41．it 42．wh 43．t add 44．The 45．designed
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的古建筑，介绍了其特点和独特的外观等情况。
36．考查介词。句意：中国古代建筑因其精致的木结构、优雅的外观和美丽的装饰而著称。结合句意表示“因为”应用介词fr。故填fr。
37．考查动词时态语态。句意：为了在频繁的洪水和其他自然灾害中幸存下来，中国古代的大多数建筑结构首选木材。根据后文in ancient China可知应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为wd，谓语动词用单数。故填was preferred。
38．考查形容词。句意：中国的传统木结构是相当复杂的，有时没有钉子！修饰后文名词structures应用形容词traditinal，作定语。故填traditinal。
39．考查副词。句意：除此之外，现存的中国古代建筑也因其优美的外形和各种不同的特征而广受赞誉，如悬垂的屋檐、翘起的屋角和不同形状的屋顶。修饰动词praise应用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，wide作副词时表示“宽地”不符合语境。故填widely。
40．考查名词的数。句意同上。shape为可数名词，由different修饰应用复数。故填shapes。
41．考查形式宾语。句意：独特的外观不仅满足了建筑的实用功能，也使其外观美观成为可能。make后跟it作形式宾语为固定用法，短语make it pssible fr“使……成为可能”。故填it。
42．考查定语从句。句意：中国古代的建筑师特别注重装饰，根据特定的建筑功能或地方习俗使用不同的色彩或绘画。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Architects，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词wh。故填wh。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：雕刻的梁，画的椽，各种图案，雕刻的板和壁画被用来增加一个丰富多彩的和美丽的风格内部。表示“被用来做某事”短语为be used t d sth.。故填t add。
44．考查冠词。句意：建筑物的外面装饰有石狮、屏风、装饰柱和鲜花。此处特指古建筑的外部，utside前应用定冠词the。句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多由著名建筑师设计的古建筑每年都吸引着许多游客。分析句子结构可知design在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语buildings构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填designed。
46．One pssible versin:
Dear guests, teachers and fellw students,
I’m Li Hua, chairman f the Students’ Unin. First, please allw me, n behalf f ur schl, t extend the warmest welcme t ur distinguished guests frm Lndn. And we are hnred t have the chance t play a friendly match with yu.
Established in the 1950s, ur ftball team enjys a gd reputatin as ne f the tp teams thrughut the prvince, winning ne champinship after anther. Nw it has 50 members and 4 caches. Tday’s friendly match is a glden pprtunity fr yung players frm Britain and China t develp ftballing skills and enhance ur friendship.
Finally, I heartily wish the match a remarkable success. Thank yu!
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇欢迎辞，欢迎来自伦敦的参加友谊赛的学生、简单介绍校足球队并对比赛表达祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：first→first f all
增强：enhance→strengthen
最后：finally→at last
衷心地，真诚地：heartily→sincerely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：And we are hnred t have the chance t play a friendly match with yu.
拓展句：And we are hnred t have the chance that we can play a friendly match with yu.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Established in the 1950s, ur ftball team enjys a gd reputatin as ne f the tp teams thrughut the prvince, winning ne champinship after anther.（句中运用了过去分词和现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】Tday’s friendly match is a glden pprtunity fr yung players frm Britain and China t develp ftballing skills and enhance ur friendship.（句中运用了不定式的复合结构fr sb. t d sth.）
47．Paragraph 1：
“Are yu sure yu want t thrw that ut?” he asked. My thrat twisted int a knt. “It's brken,” I murmured. “That's a simple repair. Cme.” In their apartment, Mr Chen spread the brken pieces ut like a jigsaw puzzle. After finding each match, he taught me t delicately rebuild the bwl, filling in the crack lines with a special paint. Finally, the bwl was tgether again. I held it gently in the palm f my hand and admired it fr lng. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as befre. I culdn't wait t shw it t Mm and rushed back hme.
Paragraph 2：
I brught the repaired bwl int her rm. Obviusly, she was mre than surprised t see the bwl again. “It's amazing” she marveled, running her fingertip ver the fixed cracks. “Mr Chen helped me mend it. He is a superb craftsman,” I said with a grin. “Definitely. After being repaired, it lks much strnger than befre” said Mm, smiling radiantly. I sat n the edge f her bed, and Mm reached ut t me. Our hands jined with crisscrssed fingers, we bth knew this was a new beginning.
【分析】本文以一个举家迁移的小男孩人主要人物，展开描写。主要讲述了一个名叫本杰明的小男孩因搬入新的居所，感到很不适应，对妈妈很不理解。因为一只摔碎的碗，与妈妈发生了争吵。然后，在陈先生的帮助下，修复了这只碗，从而消除了母子之间的隔阂。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他问我是否确定要扔掉那些碎片。”可知，第一段可描写作者在中国匠人陈先生的帮助下，修复了摔碎的碗。
②由第二段首句内容“我把修复好的碗拿给妈妈看”可知，第二段可描写作者将修复好的碗给妈妈展示，从而消除了母子之间的隔阂。
2.续写线索：修复——完成——喜出望外——向妈妈展示——微笑——心贴心
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.散开：spread ut/fan ut/scatter
②.欣赏：admire/appreciate/enjy
③.猛冲：rush/strm/run
情绪类
①.惊叹：marvel/amaze
②.喜气洋洋地：radiantly/cheerfully/brightly
【点睛】[高分句型1]. She marveled, running her fingertip ver the fixed cracks.（由running现在分词短语作状语）
[高分句型2]. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as befre.（由形容词different作状语）
[高分句型3]. Our hands jined with crisscrssed fingers, we bth knew this was a new beginning.（名词hands+过去分词jined构成的独立主格结构）
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