精品解析：福建师范大学第二附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题（含答案）

这是一份精品解析：福建师范大学第二附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题（含答案），共22页。试卷主要包含了2020年8月被授予共和国勋章等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第二部分 阅读（20分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Milwaukee, Wiscnsin, is rad testing a new way t keep winter rads ice-free – by spreading n them cheese brine, the salty liquid used t make sft cheese, like mzzarella.
Wiscnsin, als called "America's Dairyland," is famus fr its cheese. The state prduced 2.8 billin punds f cheese last year! a result, there was a lt f leftver cheese brine. Dispsing f(处置)the brine can be expensive. S what shuld cheese makers d with the waste?
Nrmally, twns use rck salt t de-ice streets. The salt lwers waters' freezing pint, causing ice t melt(融化). But using cheese brine culd help bth cheese prducers and cities save mney, while keeping rads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rck salt, helps lwer water's freezing pint.
In additin t saving mney, cheese brine culd als be a mre envirnment-friendly ptin. Many peple suspect that all the rck salt used every winter is harming the envirnment.
Rck salt is made f sdium chlride, the sane cn-pund (化合物)in rdinary table salt. Sunds harmless, right? But while yu prbably add nly a small amunt f salt t yur fd, rad crews spread abut 20 millin tns f salt n U.S. Rads every year!
The chemical washes ff rads and ges int the grund. There it can pllute drinking water, harm plants. and eat away sil. By spreading cheese brine n streets befre adding a layer f rck salt, Milwaukee may be able t cut its rck salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a dwnside t – a shell similar t that f bad milk. "I dn't really mind it," Emil Nrby tld Mdern Farmer magazine. He wrks fr ne f Wiscnsin's cunty highway cmmissins and came up with the idea f using cheese brine. "Our rads smell like Wiscnsin!" he said.
1．Why can cheese brine help keep winter rads ice-free?
A．It is sft.B．It cntains salt.C．It is warm.D．It has milk in it.
2．What is a benefit f using cheese urine n rads?
A．Imprving air quality.B．Increasing sales f rck salt.
C．Reducing water pllutin.D．Saving the cheese industry.
3．Milwaukee's new way t de-ice streets may be an example f_______________.
A．barking up the wrng treeB．putting the cart befre the hrse
C．rbbing Peter t pay PaulD．killing tw birds with ne stne
B
A bks-fr-fd prgram in Guatemala is helping feed needy children as hunger rates rise during the pandemic(疫情). It is run by a lcal nnprfit rganizatin that aims t feed nearly 400 children.
The prgram is simple. Peple chse a bk they want frm a list f dnated titles, and in return give bags f Incaparina, a high-prtein drink mix. Bnifaz Diaz wrks fr the prgram. By bringing the bks-fr-fd prgram directly t peple's hmes, Diaz makes sure dnatins keep flwing. He has traveled mre than 2,000 kilmeters n his bicycle, delivered lads f bks and carried back thusands f kilgrams f Incaparina fr the nnprfit grup 32 Vlcanes. Diaz smetimes pulls a small cart that helps him carry up t 57 kilgrams f prduct. He has traveled as far as 60 kilmeters fr a delivery t a twn in the Western Highlands, where rad cnditins are pr.
Nearly a year int the bks-fr-fd prgram, tw mre cyclists have jined Diaz and dnatins keep flwing in. Ana Castill is a 29-year-ld high schl teacher wh recently received the scilgy bk frm Diaz. She dnates t the prgram ften. The 1.8 kilgrams f Incaparina she prvided will help ne family eat fr a mnth.
Castill lks frward t chsing her bks frm the titles Diaz psts n scial media. She als lves the feeling f a "grwing circle" f giving and receiving. "Yu might nt get t thse places, but yur help can. "she says.
Diaz says he plans t cntinue cycling against hunger as lng as the need exists. He has faced his wn ecnmic difficulties since the theater cmpany he c-funded clsed last spring. But the prgram has kept him active. "It's an pprtunity t serve in which we all benefit. "Diaz said.
4．What is the purpse f the prgram?
A．T serve the readers.
B．T prduce Incaparina.
C．T ffer pr children fd.
D．T fight the pandemic.
5．What did Diaz d fr the prgram?
A．He set up a scial media.
B．He made dnatins frequently.
C．He rented a cart t carry gds.
D．He traveled t deliver bks and fd.
6．Hw is the prgram ging nw?
A．Mre peple are invlved in it.
B．Only tw cyclists wrk fr it.
C．Over 400 adults benefit frm it.
D．Financial difficulties put it t an end.
7．Which wrd best describes Diaz's attitude twards the prgram?
A．Indifferent.
B．Supprtive.
C．Tlerant.
D．Unwilling
C
Imagine yu fund a wallet cntaining a stranger's cntact details but n cash. Wuld yu return it t its wner? Nw imagine the same wallet cntained a few bankntes. Wuld that change yur respnse? Des it depend n the amunt f mney? And hw d yu think ther peple wuld react?
Hnesty makes the wrld g rund. Withut peple trusting in ne anther, sciety wuld fall apart. Hnesty is therefre studied academically. Mst wrk,in the area thugh, takes place under cntrlled cnditins in labs, ften featuring( 以..为特点) well-ff and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By cntrast Alain Chn f the University f Michigan and his clleagues have taken such behaviral ecnmics arund the wrld, cvering 40 cuntries, 355 cities and mre than 17,000 peple.
As the team reprt this week in Science, Dr Chn's research assistants entered public buildings. They handed in a wallet t the receptinist, saying they had fund it n the street utside. Each wallet cntains cntact details. Imprtantly, sme wallets als included $13.45, while thers nt. Then, the team simply waited t see wh wuld return the wallet.
In 38 f the 40 cuntries, the wallets with mney were returned mre ften than thse withut (51% Vs 40%). In additin, wallets cntaining a larger sum f mney ($94.15) were even mre likely (by abut anther 10%) t be returned than thse with less.
With greater temptatin(诱惑), then, cmes greater hnesty-- at least when it cmes t lst wallets. Interestingly, thugh, such hnesty is nt reflected in peple's expectatins f thers. When surveyed, mst f 299 vlunteers predicted that the mre mney in a wallet, the less likely it wuld be returned.
A certain dubt abut the mtives f, thers is prbably gd fr survival. But the warm inner thught f “ding the right thing"” is als a pwerful mtivatin. Hw this altruism develped is much debated—particularly when it extends, as in Dr Chn's experiments, t strangers whm the altruist has n expectatin f ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shws, such altruism is real and universal.
8．Hw is Alain Chn's research different frm the previus?
A．It was carried ut in cntrlled situatins.
B．Mre scientists participated in the research.
C．It cvered varied subjects and backgrunds.
D．It tk n accunt f well-educated Westerners.
9．What can we learn frm the research?
A．Rate f hnesty varies amng cuntries.
B．Peple prefer returning wallets withut mney.
C．The less mney in a wallet, the higher rate f returning.
D．Wallets with mre mney are mre likely t be given back.
10．What des the underlined wrd“altruism”in the last paragraph mean?
A．Dubt f thers' mtivatins.B．Understanding f peple's dubt.
C．The mtivatin fr survival.D．Cncern fr thers' needs.
11．What's the best title fr the text?
A．Mney answers all things.B．Hnesty questined in face f mney.
C．Mney desn't make the wrld g rund.D．T be r nt t be, that's the questin.
D
Edward Wilsn is America’s, if nt the wrld’s, leading naturalist. In The Future f Life, he takes us n a tur f the wrld’s natural resurces. Hw are they used? What has been lst? What remains and is it able t cntinue with the present speed f use? Wilsn als pints ut the need t understand fully the bidiversity f ur earth.
Wilsn begins with an pen letter t the pineer in envirnment prtectin, Henry David Threau. He cmpares tday’s Walden Pnd with that f Threau’s day. Wilsn will use such cmparisns fr the rest f the bk. The prblem is clear：man has dne great damage t his hme ver the years. Can the earth, with human help, be made t return t bidiversity levels that will be able t supprt us in the future?
Bidiversity, Wilsn argues, is the key t settling many prblems the earth faces tday. Even ur agricultural crps can gain advantages frm it. A mere hundred species are the basis f ur fd supply, f which but twenty carry the lad. Wilsn suggests changing this situatin by lking int ten thusand species that culd be made use f, which will be a way t reduce the clearing f the natural hmes f plants and animals t enlarge farming areas.
At the end f the bk, Wilsn discusses the imprtance f human values in cnsidering the envirnment. If yu are t cntinue t live n the earth, yu may as well read and act n the ideas in this bk.
12．What des Wilsn care mst abut？
A．The bidiversity f ur earth.B．The envirnment fr plants.
C．The wastes f natural resurces.D．The imprtance f human values.
13．Hw many species are mst imprtant t ur present fd supply?
A．Ten thusand.B．One hundred.C．Twenty.D．Eighty.
14．What des Wilsn suggest t keep bidiversity?
A．Building hmes fr sme dying species.
B．Using mre species fr fd.
C．Learning hw t farm scientifically.
D．Making it clear what t eat.
15．What d yu think the text is?
A．An intrductin t a scientist.B．A descriptin f natural resurces.
C．A research reprt.D．A bk review.
第二节 七选五（10分）
Yur teen years are a time t learn abut yurself and start thinking abut yur future. Ding well in schl and leading a healthy scial and persnal life will make yu happier and mre likely t succeed. 16 . Instead, remember t have fun and live a life yu lve!
Becme a curius reader. G t yur schl library and check ut bks that interest yu. It can be anything frm petry t strybks—just get reading! 17 , ask the librarian fr suggestins.
Lk ahead t life after yu graduate frm high schl. Think ahead t what yu will d in the future, whether that’s getting a degree, vlunteering, r jumping right int the career f yur chice. 18 . Just start t think abut what yu might want t d in the future accrding t yur interests, passins and skills.
Take after-class activities yu enjy. 19 . Whether yu’re int film, theatre, pttery, painting, r playing music, yu can find classes at yur schl r curses at lcal recreatin (娱乐) centers.
20 . T feel a sense f achievement abut yur schl and persnal life, set realistic gals fr yurself. Fr example, yu might set a gal t achieve all A’s and B’s this term. As fr persnal gals, yu might plan t get really gd at shting 3-pint shts in basketball r learn hw t bake bread.
A．Set realistic academic and persnal gals
B．But yu shuldn’t get t crazy with success
C．Unless yu are in a library
D．Dn’t wrry, as yu dn’t have t chse a career right nw
E．Pay attentin and ask questins t further yur understanding
F．If yu dn’t knw where t start
G．Make them a chance fr yu t relax and express yurself
第三部分语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题:每小题1.5分， 满分30分)
Attentin frm strangers is nthing new t me. Questins abut my height 21 almst every interactin.
My friends say my height is just a physical quality and nt a(n) 22 trait. Hwever, I feel that my height has 23 my character in many ways and has helped t define the persn I am.
I learned hw t be 24 in my wn skin. I accepted early n that I am abnrmally tall and 25 in a crwd. It’s just the way it is. Being self-cnscius (难为情的) abut it wuld be 26 . I learned hw t be 27 . When I was yunger, sme parents in my neighbrhd cnsidered me a bully because I was s much 28 than children my age. I had t be extra welcming and gentle simply t 29 with ther children. I develped a sense f lightheartedness. When peple 30 my height, I laugh at myself t. On my first day f high schl, a girl drpped her bks in a hallway. I cruched (蹲下) dwn and gathered sme f her ntebks. As we bth std up, her eyes 31 as I kept rising ver her. Amazed, she 32 her bks again. 33 , we bth laughed and picked up the bks a secnd time.
All f these 34 have defined me. Lking back, I realize being a 7-fter is bth a blessing and a curse, but 35 wh yu are is the first step t happiness.
21．A．replaceB．dminateC．inspireD．imprve
22．A．appearanceB．mtivatinC．persnalityD．behavir
23．A．shapedB．examinedC．cntrlledD．challenged
24．A．independentB．cautiusC．interestedD．cmfrtable
25．A．stand utB．lk dwnC．set utD．shw ff
26．A．strangeB．pintlessC．nrmalD．awkward
27．A．patientB．carefulC．kindD．helpful
28．A．heavierB．largerC．ruderD．pruder
29．A．cmpeteB．argueC．meetD．play
30．A．talk abutB．wrry abutC．make fun fD．are curius abut
31．A．darkenedB．dampenedC．brightenedD．widened
32．A．threwB．drppedC．lstD．gathered
33．A．EmbarrassedB．CnfusedC．ExcitedD．Relieved
34．A．lessnsB．friendsC．chicesD．cncerns
35．A．discveringB．imaginingC．rememberingD．accepting
第二节 语法填空（15分）
语法填空
In real life, we usually frget 36 (lck) the dr r switch ff the lights r the gas, 37 will cause great prblems. Besides, we will als meet these things: the water pipe will start 38 (leak), the electrical wiring will shrt, and even yur health will have prblems, but yu needn't wrry abut them. In the nt-t- 39 (distance )future, the smart hmes will deal with them.
A smart hme is ne that 40 (integrate) cmputers int the structure f the building itself. In this way, many f the things that we nw d 41 (we) will becme available. Fr example, the smart hme culd cntrl the air cnditining and lights s that yu wuld n lnger have t turn switches n and ff, 42 (make) yur hme mre energy-efficient. The smart hme culd als mnitr itself t make sure that everything is wrking as it shuld, 43 send yu warning if there is a prblem. Such smart hmes culd even 44 (prgramme) t detect yur health prblems, and then give yu right advice as t the fd yu shuld eat r if yu shuld see a dctr. S, in 45 sense, smart hmes will lead us t living smarter lives. Luckily, sme new technlgy has been used in ur hmes.
第四部分 课内知识
I. 选用方框内合适的单词并用其正确形式填空(每项限用一次) 1*8
选词填空
46．It was a(n) that wuld take plice years t slve.
47．Last year, the tw natins tgether against the enemy.
48．They are nw under a great deal f pressure t imprve their airprt .
49．Her bks are always entertaining and this ne is n .
50．A lt f cancers can nw be cured if they are and treated early.
51．Since reading "Yur Mney r Yur Life" a few years ag, I've every penny I spent.
52．My included ging t the gym fr a wrkut befre ging t wrk.
53．It upset her when men her sister.
II.从括号内选出与各句中画线部分意思相同或相近的词或者短语(请填词序号字母) 1*7
从括号内选出与各句中画线部分意思相同或相近的词或者短语。
54．It's nt safe fr her t g ut alne at night. (A.secure/B.nrmal)
55．Later at night, yu shuld turn ff yur cell phne. (A.switch ff/B.put ff)
56．The pliceman has fllwed the thief fr many days. (A.caught/B.kept rack f)
57．In the early days peple made payment by the weight f their silver r gld. (A.later n/B.Early n)
58．She dreamed f spending the rest f her life n a faraway island. (A.lnely/B.remte)
59．Science and technlgy make it pssible fr scientists t explre the universe. (A.ptential/B.easy)
60．They were eventually cnvinced by the plice t give themselves up. (A.persuaded/B. ppsed)
II.英汉互译5*2=10
61．These smart hmes will keep us secure, save us energy, and prvide a mre cmfrtable envirnment t live in.(英译汉)
62．The future hme will use integrated sensrs t tell when yu leave hme each mrning, and then g int an energy-efficient mde all by itself. (英译汉)
63．All cntrls will respnd t vice cmmands, s if yu want t change yur rutine, yu just say alud what yu want and the hme system will bey. (英译汉)
64．通过这种方式，你就能在你的家被水淹没或着火之前就把问题解决。(汉译英)
65．然而，大多数新的家庭需要一些年才能开始使用这项新技术。(英译汉)
第一节应用文25分
66．你校英语报的The Admirable栏目正面向全校学生征稿。请你根据所给提示，用英语写一篇矩文，介绍你崇拜的人物钟南山，并投稿。
1.1936年出生于南京市一个医学世家;
2.2002年非典疫情发生后提出了有效的治疗方法;
3.2020年以来，为抗击新冠肺炎作出巨大的贡献；
4.2020年8月被授予共和国勋章。
注意:1.词数120左右;
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
secure, detect, except, crime, cmbine, daily rutine
keep in tuch with, keep track f, lead t, have a preference fr
1．B 2．C 3．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了威斯康辛州的密尔沃基市正在试验一种新的路面防冻方法——在路面上涂上奶酪盐水。文章说明了这种新方法的好处是，相比于常用的岩盐，奶酪盐水既可以帮助道路不结冰，同时又很省钱环保。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rck salt, helps lwer water's freezing pint.（奶酪盐水中含有盐，就像岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点）可知因为奶酪盐水含有盐，所以能帮助冬季道路不结冰。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中There it can pllute drinking water, harm plants. and eat away sil. By spreading cheese brine n streets befre adding a layer f rck salt, Milwaukee may be able t cut its rck salt use by 30 percent.（在那里它可以污染饮用水，伤害植物，侵蚀土壤。通过在街道上撒上奶酪盐水，然后再撒上一层岩盐，密尔沃基或许可以将岩盐的使用量减少30%）可知岩盐会污染饮用水，而在道路上使用奶酪盐水可以减少水污染。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rck salt, helps lwer water's freezing pint.（奶酪盐水中含有盐，就像岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点）以及第四段第一句In additin t saving mney, cheese brine culd als be a mre envirnment-friendly ptin.（除了省钱，奶酪盐水也是一个更环保的选择）可知相比于常用的岩盐，奶酪盐水既可以帮助道路不结冰，同时又很省钱环保，可知密尔沃基市的街道除冰新方法是一个“一石二鸟”的成功例子。故选D。
4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍疫情期间，当地一家非盈利组织用书籍换食物计划帮助危地马拉战胜饥饿。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It is run by a lcal nnprfit rganizatin that aims t feed nearly 400 children.(该项目由当地一家非盈利组织运营，旨在为近400名儿童提供食物。)”可知，该项目的目的是为贫困儿童提供食物。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He has traveled mre than 2,000 kilmeters n his bicycle, delivered lads f bks and carried back thusands f kilgrams f Incaparina fr the nnprfit grup 32 Vlcanes. Diaz smetimes pulls a small cart that helps him carry up t 57 kilgrams f prduct. He has traveled as far as 60 kilmeters fr a delivery t a twn in the Western Highlands, where rad cnditins are pr. (他骑自行车旅行了2000多公里，运送了大量书籍，为非营利组织“32 Vlcanes”带回了数千公斤的廉价蛋白食品。迪亚兹有时会拉着一辆小车，帮助搬运57公斤的商品。为了把货物送到西部高地的一个小镇，他长途跋涉了60公里，那里的路况很差。)”可知，迪亚兹在这个项目中负责运送书和食物。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nearly a year int the bks-fr-fd prgram, tw mre cyclists have jined Diaz and dnatins keep flwing in. (在“以书换粮”计划开展近一年之后，又有两名自行车手加入了迪亚兹的行列，捐款不断涌入。)”可知，更多的人参与到该项目中。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Diaz says he plans t cntinue cycling against hunger as lng as the need exists. (迪亚兹说，只要有需要，他就计划继续骑自行车对抗饥饿。)”可推断，迪亚兹对这个项目的态度是支持的。故选B。
8．C 9．D 10．D 11．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一个钱包实验表明，诱惑越大，人们越讲诚信，但这个结果却与人们对于他人是否诚信的预期相反，文章最后解释，这种利他主义是真实的、普遍的。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“By cntrast Alain Chn f the University f Michigan and his clleagues have taken such behaviral ecnmics arund the wrld, cvering 40 cuntries, 355 cities and mre than 17,000 peple.（相比之下，密歇根大学的 Alain Chn 和他的同事们在世界各地采用了这种行为经济学，覆盖了40个国家，355个城市和超过17000人。）”可知，Chn的研究涵盖了不同的人群和背景，与之前不同。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段“In 38 f the 40 cuntries, the wallets with mney were returned mre ften than thse withut (51% Vs 40%). In additin, wallets cntaining a larger sum f mney ($94.15) were even mre likely (by abut anther 10%) t be returned than thse with less.（在40个国家中的38个国家，有钱的钱包比没钱的钱包被归还的频率高(51% Vs 40%)。此外，钱包里的钱包数量(94.15美元)比钱包里的钱包更有可能被归还(大约还有10%)。）”可知，钱多的钱包更有可能被归还。故选D项。
10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“A certain dubt abut the mtives f, thers is prbably gd fr survival. But the warm inner thught f “ding the right thing" is als a pwerful mtivatin.（对他人的动机有一定的怀疑可能有利于生存。但是“做正确的事情”这种温暖的内在思想也是一种强大的动力。）”中的the warm inner thught f “ding the right thing”可推知，划线词应该是“利他主义”的意思，即关心他人的需要。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段提出了关于金钱的思考，第二段则提出“Hnesty makes the wrld g rund. Withut peple trusting in ne anther, sciety wuld fall apart.（诚实使世界运转。没有人们相互信任，社会就会分崩离析。）以及下文介绍了诱惑越大，人们越讲诚信。由此可推知，作者认为金钱不能使世界运转，并且科研团队做的钱包实验也证明了这一点。C项“金钱不能使世界运转”符合题意，适合作标题。故选C项。
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国著名生物学家Edward Wilsn的著作《生物圈的未来》中一些有关如何开发、利用和保护自然资源的情况。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Wilsn als pints ut the need t understand fully the bidiversity f ur earth.（威尔逊还指出，有必要充分了解我们地球上的生物多样性。）和文章第三段Bidiversity, Wilsn argues, is the key t settling many prblems the earth faces tday.（威尔逊认为，生物多样性是解决当今地球面临的许多问题的关键。）可知，Wilsn最关心的问题是我们地球的生物多样性。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段A mere hundred species are the basis f ur fd supply, f which but twenty carry the lad.（只有一百种物种是我们食物供应的基础，但其中只有二十种能承担这个重任。）可知，供给我们食物的物种最重要的有20种。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Wilsn suggests changing this situatin by lking int ten thusand species that culd be made use f, which will be a way t reduce the clearing f the natural hmes f plants and animals t enlarge farming areas.（Wilsn建议通过观察10,000种可以被利用的物种来改变这种情况，这将是一种减少砍伐植物和动物的自然家园，以扩大农业面积的方法。）可知，Wilsn建议保留地球生物多样性的方法之一就是寻求更多的可以利用的物种。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章开始的In The Future f Life, he takes us n a tur f the wrld’s natural resurces.在《生命的未来》一书中，他带我们游览了世界的自然资源。到结尾处的At the end f the bk, Wilsn discusses the imprtance f human values in cnsidering the envirnment.在书的最后，威尔逊讨论了人类价值观在考虑环境方面的重要性。由此判断出文章是一本书的评论。故选D。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。例如，本文中的第1小题和第2小题属于一一对应型，第3小题都属于语言转述型。第三小题选项中的Using mre species fr fd.和文章中的by lking int ten thusand species that culd be made use f进行了语义转化。
16．B 17．F 18．D 19．G 20．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。青少年时期是了解自己，考虑未来的重要阶段。本文就如何拥有一个有趣的，自己喜欢的的青少年时期，提供了一些建议。
16．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据前句可知在学校学习好，有一个健康的生活可以使你更快乐，更可能成功，接下来用instead引出Instead, remember t have fun and live a life yu lve!转移话题：拥有一个有趣的，自己喜欢的青少年时期。由instead可知题空出应该是作者不提倡做的事情，因此我们可以得出选项B. But yu shuldn’t get t crazy with success（但是你不能太过痴迷于成功）符合语境。故选B。
17．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据前句It can be anything frm petry t strybks—just get reading!（你可以读任何东西，从诗歌到故事书---开始读吧）可知作者建议开始读书。接下来一句ask the librarian fr suggestins.建议向图书管理员征求建议，因此选项F. If yu dn’t knw where t start（如果你不知道从哪里开始）符合语境。故选F。
18．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据首句Lk ahead t life after yu graduate frm high schl.可知本段中作者建议展望一下未来，接下来一句Just start t think abut what yu might want t d in the future作者建议只是开始考虑未来你想做什么。由此可知作者并不是让读者把自己的未来考虑非常周全。因此选项D. Dn’t wrry, as yu dn’t have t chse a career right nw（不用担心，你现在不必悬着一个职业）符合语境。故选D。
19．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据首句Take after-class activities yu enjy.可知本段中作者建议读者参与到自己喜欢的课后活动中。接下来应该是介绍参加课后获得的好处。因此选项G. Make them a chance fr yu t relax and express yurself（使它们成为你放松和表达自我的机会）符合语境。故选G。
20．考查句意理解和上下文语境理解。根据后句T feel a sense f achievement abut yur schl and persnal life, set realistic gals fr yurself.可知本段中作者建议设定现实的目标。因此选项A. Set realistic academic and persnal gals（设定现实的学习和个人目标）符合语境。故选A。
【点睛】七选五题型对学生的考察能力总体从两个方面来考察把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系。和微观信息间关联性。这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第3小题：根据首句Lk ahead t life after yu graduate frm high schl.可知本段中作者建议展望一下未来，接下来一句Just start t think abut what yu might want t d in the future作者建议只是开始考虑未来你想做什么。由此可知作者并不是让读者把自己的未来考虑非常周全。因此选项D. Dn’t wrry, as yu dn’t have t chse a career right nw（不用担心，你现在不必悬着一个职业）符合语境。故选D。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．A 35．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者由于身体高得不正常，生活中出现一些尴尬窘迫的现象。作者学会适应自己，逐渐养成一种轻松愉快的感觉，形成自己特有的性格，并意识到接受自己是走向幸福的第一步。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于我身高的问题几乎主导了每一次互动。A. replace替换；B. dminate支配，主导；C. inspire激励；D. imprve改进。通读全文可知，作者由于身体高得不正常，出现一些尴尬窘迫的现象，根据后文“All f these 14 have defined me.”可知，作者的身高问题主导了他和别人的互动。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友说我的身高只是一种身体素质而不是一种性格特征。A. appearance外表；B. mtivatin动机；C. persnality个性，性格；D. behavir行为。根据后文“Hwever, I feel that my height has 3 my character in many ways and has helped t define the persn I am.”转折的语义可知，朋友认为作者的身高不是性格特征。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我觉得我的身高在很多方面塑造了我的性格，帮助我定义了我自己。A. shaped塑造；B. examined检查；C. cntrlled控制；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“my character in many ways”以及“ has helped t define the persn I am.”可知，作者认为自己的身高塑造了自己的性格。故选A项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我学会了如何适应自己，使自己感到自在些。A. independent独立的；B. cautius谨慎的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. cmfrtable舒适的。根据后文“I accepted early n that I am abnrmally tall and 5 in a crwd.”可知，作者知道自己个子高得不正常，所以要学会适应自己，对自己的身高感到舒适自在些。故选D项。
25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我很早就接受了这个事实：我个子高得不正常，在人群中很突出。A. stand ut突出；B. lk dwn向下看，蔑视；C. set ut出发；D. shw ff炫耀。根据前文“I am abnrmally tall”可知，作者在人群中很突出。故选A项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对此感到难为情是毫无意义的。A. strange奇怪的；B. pintless毫无意义的；C. nrmal正常的；D. awkward令人尴尬的。基于上文分析可知，作者由于身体高得不正常，而努力让自己自在些，再结合后文“I develped a sense f lightheartedness.”可知，作者认为对自己的身高感到难为情是毫无意义的。故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我学会了如何友善。A. patient耐心的；B. careful细心的；C. kind友善的；D. helpful有益的。根据语境及后文“When I was yunger, sme parents in my neighbrhd cnsidered me a bully”可知，作者曾被邻居认为是恶霸，所以作者需要学会友善，这样才不会被邻居们误会。故选C项。
28．考查形容词比较级词词义辨析。句意：当我还小的时候，一些邻居认为我是个恶霸，因为我比同龄的孩子个子大得多。A. heavier更重的；B. larger更大的；C. ruder更粗鲁的；D. pruder更骄傲的。根据语境及上文“I am abnrmally tall”可知，作者比同龄的孩子更高大。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只是为了和其他孩子一起玩，我就得特别热情和温柔。A. cmpete比赛；B. argue争论；C. meet会见；D. play玩耍。根据语境以及“I had t be extra welcming and gentle”和“with ther children”可知，作者为了和别的孩子一起玩耍，特别热情温柔。故选D项。
30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当人们取笑我的身高时，我也嘲笑自己。A. talk abut谈论；B. wrry abut担心；C. make fun f取笑；D. are curius abut好奇。根据后文“I laugh at myself t”可知，人们取笑作者的时候，作者也进行自嘲。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都站了起来，当我站起来超过她时，她的眼睛睁得大大的。A. darkened变暗；B. dampened变湿；C. brightened照亮；D. widened加宽。根据语境及后文“I kept rising ver her”以及“Amazed”可知，因为作者身体太高，站起来超过女孩很多，女孩惊讶地睁大眼睛。故选D项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她惊讶地又把书掉在地上了。A. threw投掷；B. drpped掉下；C. lst丢失；D. gathered聚集。根据后文“we bth laughed and picked up the bks a secnd time”可知，她惊讶地又把书掉地上了。故选B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尴尬的是，我们都笑了起来，又一次把书捡起来。A. Embarrassed尴尬的，窘迫的；B. Cnfused困惑的；C. Excited激动的；D. Relieved宽慰的。基于前文的分析可知，作者的身高让女孩惊讶，并又一次把书掉在地上，根据后文“we bth laughed and picked up the bks a secnd time.”可知，此时，作者感到很尴尬。故选A项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些教训定义了我的性格。A. lessns功课，教训；B. friends朋友；C. chices选择；D. cncerns关心。基于前文分析可知，作者由于身体高得不正常，需要更加亲和对待周围的人可知，作者认为这些生活教训形成了他现在的性格。故选A项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回首过去，我意识到成为一个七英尺高的人既是一种祝福也是一种诅咒，但接受自己是走向幸福的第一步。A. discvering发现；B. imagining想象；C. remembering记住；D. accepting接受。基于前文分析可知，作者由于身体高得不正常，需要适应自己，逐渐养成一种轻松愉快的感觉，形成自己特有的性格，根据后文“wh yu are is the first step t happiness”可知，作者认为接受自己才能走向幸福。且上文的“I accepted early n that I am abnrmally tall and 5 in a crwd.”也是提示。故选D项。
36．t lck 37．which 38．leaking##t leak 39．distant 40．integrates 41．urselves 42．making 43．and 44．be prgrammed 45．a
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在不太遥远的未来，智能家居能够做很多事情以及避免许多家庭问题。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：在现实生活中，我们经常忘记锁门或关灯或煤气，这将造成很大的问题。结合句意表示“忘记做某事”可知短语为frget t d sth.。故填t lck。
37．考查定语从句。句意：在现实生活中，我们经常忘记锁门或关灯或煤气，这将造成很大的问题。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。故填which。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，我们也会遇到这些事情：水管会漏水，电线会短路，甚至你的健康会有问题，但你不必担心。结合句意表示“开始做某事”短语为start ding/t d sth.。故填leaking/t leak。
39．考查形容词。句意：在不太遥远的未来，智能家居将会解决这些问题。修饰后文名词future应用形容词nt-t-distant，作定语。故填distant。
40．考查主谓一致。句意：智能家居是一种将电脑集成到建筑结构本身的家居。根据上文is可知为一般现在时，且定语从句修饰先行词ne，先行词在从句中作主语，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填integrates。
41．考查反身代词。句意：这样，我们现在自己做的许多事情就会变得可行。结合上文we可知指“我们自己”应用反身代词urselves。故填urselves。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，智能家居可以控制空调和电灯，这样你就不必再开或关开关，使你的家更节能。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the smart hme culd cntrl the air cnditining and lights构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填making。
43．考查连词。句意：智能家居还可以自我监控，以确保一切正常运行，并在出现问题时向你发出警告。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，故应用连词and。故填and。
44．考查语态。句意：这种智能家庭甚至可以通过编程来检测你的健康问题，然后给你正确的建议，比如你应该吃什么，或者是否应该去看医生。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，且culd后跟动词原形。故填be prgrammed。
45．考查冠词。句意：所以，在某种意义上，智能家居将引领我们过上更智能的生活。结合句意表示“在某种意义上”可知短语为in a sense。故填a。
46．crime 47．cmbined 48．security 49．exceptin 50．detected 51．kept track f 52．daily rutine 53．had a preference fr
【解析】46．考查名词。句意：这是一起需要警察花费数年时间才能解决的犯罪。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应使用可数名词单数crime，作was的表语，表达“犯罪”之意。故填crime。
47．考查动词。句意：去年，两国联合起来对付敌人。分析句子并结合时间状语Last year可知，句子应使用一般过去时，空处应使用cmbined，作谓语，表达“联合”之意。故填cmbined。
48．考查名词。句意：他们现在面临着改善机场安全的巨大压力。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应使用不可数名词security，作imprve的宾语。故填security。
49．考查名词。句意：她的书总是很有趣，这本书也不例外。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应使用不可数名词exceptin和n搭配，表达“不例外”之意。故填exceptin。
50．考查动词。句意：如果及早发现和治疗，许多癌症现在都可以治愈。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应使用动词detected，与are构成被动语态，表达“被检测”之意。故填detected。
51．考查动词短语。句意：自从几年前读了《你的钱还是你的生活》之后，我一直在记录我花掉的每一分钱。结合句意可知，空处应使用keep track f，表达“记录”之意，结合语境可知，句子应使用现在完成时have dne。故填kept track f。
52．考查名词短语。句意：我的日常事务包括上班前去健身房锻炼。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应使用名词短语daily rutine，作句子主语，表达“日常事务”之意。故填daily rutine。
53．考查动词短语。句意：当男人偏爱她的妹妹时，她很不高兴。分析句子并结合句意可知，句子应使用一般过去时，空处应使用动词短语have a preference fr，表达“对……偏爱”之意。故填had a preference fr。
54．A 55．A 56．B 57．B 58．B 59．A 60．A
【解析】54．考查形容词。句意：她晚上一个人出去不安全。A. secure安全的；B. nrmal正常的。结合句意可知，晚上出去应该是不安全的（secure）。故选A项。
55．考查动词短语。句意：晚上晚些时候，你应该关掉你的手机。A. switch ff关闭；B. put ff推迟。结合句意可知，晚上应该关掉手机，而不是推迟。故选A项。
56．考查动词。句意：警察已经跟踪小偷很多天了。A. caught抓住；B. kept track f记录，追踪。结合句意可知，警察应该是跟踪小偷好几天了，抓住是瞬间动作，不应该好几天。故选B项。
57．考查固定搭配。句意：在早期，人们是以金银的重量来支付货款的。A. later n之后；B. Early n早期。结合句意可知，早期人们以金银重量来付款。故选B项。
58．考查形容词。句意：她梦想着在一个遥远的岛屿上度过她的余生。A. lnely孤单的；B. remte遥远的。结合句意可知，岛屿应该是遥远的，而不是孤单的。故选B项。
59．考查形容词。句意：科学技术使科学家探索宇宙成为可能。A. ptential潜在的，可能的；B. easy容易的。结合句意可知，探索宇宙应该是可能的，而不是容易的。故选A项。
60．考查形容词。句意：他们最终被警察说服投案自首。A. persuaded说服；B. ppsed反对。结合句意可知，他们应该是被警察说服，而不是反对。故选A项。
61．这些智能家居将保证我们的安全，节省我们的能源，并提供一个更舒适的生活环境。
【详解】考查英译汉。此处主语These smart hmes意为“这些智能家居”；keep us secure表示“保证我们的安全”；save us energy表示“节省我们的能源”；prvide a mre cmfrtable envirnment t live in表示“提供一个更舒适的生活环境”。句子为一般将来时。故翻译为“这些智能家居将保证我们的安全，节省我们的能源，并提供一个更舒适的生活环境。”
62．未来的家庭将使用集成传感器告诉你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自动进入节能模式。
【详解】考查句子结构。本句是包含宾语从句的复合句。The future hme“未来的家庭”是主句主语，will use “将使用”为主句谓语，integrated sensrs “集成传感器”为主句宾语，t tell “来告诉”是不定式作目的状语，when yu leave hme “你什么时候离开家”为when引导的宾语从句，其中yu为从句主语，leave hme为从句谓宾，each mrning “每天早上”为从句时间状语，and then”然后”作为连词，连接两个并列的不定式，g int“进入”前的t省略，an energy-efficient mde“节能模式”为介词int的宾语，all by itself“自行”为状语。故翻译为：未来的家庭将使用集成传感器告诉你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自动进入节能模式。
63．所有的控制器都会响应语音命令，所以如果你想改变你的日常程序，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句前半句是简单的主谓宾结构，主语是All cntrls “所有的控制器”，will respnd t“将会响应”是谓语，vice cmmands “语音指令”是宾语；后半句是有if引导的条件句加主句，条件句的主语是yu“你”，want t change意为“想要改变”，yur rutine意为“你的日常程序”，作change的宾语，第二个yu“你”，作分句的主语，just“仅仅”为副词，say alud“大声说”为分句谓语，what yu want “你想要什么”作say的宾语，the hme system “你的家庭系统”是and之后分句的主语，will bey “将服从”为本分句的谓语。故本句可译为：所有的控制器都会响应语音命令，所以如果你想改变你的程序，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。
64．In this way, yu can slve prblems befre yur hme is flded r n fire.
【详解】考查介词(短语) 、动词（短语）、名词（短语）及时态等。表达“通过这种方式”应使用介词短语in this way，用逗号与主句隔开；表达“你”应使用yu，作句子主语；表达“能”应使用情态动词can，其后跟动词原形；表达“解决问题”应使用动词短语slve prblems，作主句谓语和宾语；表达“在……之前”应使用befre引导的时间状语；表达“你的家”应使用名词短语yur hme（第三人称单数），作从句的主语；表达“被水淹没”应使用is flded，作从句系表；表达“着火”应使用is n fire，用r与is flded并列，is重复，因此可以省略掉。句子首字母大写。故翻译为In this way, yu can slve prblems befre yur hme is flded r n fire.
65．Hwever, it will take years fr mst new families t start using the new technlgy.
【详解】考查it作形式主语、动词（短语）、名词（短语）及时态等。根据句意可知，句子应使用一般将来时，主句可使用it作形式主语。表达“然而”应使用hwever，用逗号与主句隔开；表达“（对于）大多数新的家庭”应使用短语fr mst new families；表达“需要好多年”应使用动词短语take years t d sth.，用在情态动词will之后，用原形，其中t d作真正的主语；表达“开始做某事”应使用动词短语start ding sth.；表达“使用这项新技术”应使用use the new technlgy。句子首字母大写。故翻译为Hwever, it will take years fr mst new families t start using the new technlgy.
66．The persn I respect mst is Zhng Nanshan, ne f the premier and greatest medical scientists in the 21st century. Brn in 1936 in Nanjing and graduated frm Beijing Medical Cllege, this rdinary but great man has been wrking in the medical field fr ver 50 years.
In the spring f 2003, the SARS epidemic brke ut in China. Dangerus as it was, Zhng Nanshan wrked hard day and night treating SARS patients. Thrugh their hard wrk fr several mnths, sn the SARS epidemic was stpped in its track. In 2020, Zhng Nanshan aged 84, as head f a high- level expert team, fught against COVID-19. In August, 2020, he was bestwed the Medal f the Republic fr his utstanding cntributins in China's fight against COVID-19.
In all, Zhng Nanshan is devted t the medical cause. He is a gd dctr in the patients' eyes and a kind medical prfessr in his students' eyes.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校报投稿，介绍自己崇拜的人物--钟南山。
【详解】1.词汇积累
普通的：average→rdinary
终止：end →stp
授予：reward→bestw
杰出的：great→utstanding
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In all, Zhng Nanshan is devted t the medical cause.
拓展句：In all, Zhng Nanshan is devted t the medical cause, which is thught highly f by the whle natin.
【点睛】[高分句型1]The persn I respect the mst is Zhng Nanshan, ne f the premier and greatest medical scientists in the 21st century.（运用了省略that的定语从句）
[高分句型2]Dangerus as it was, Zhng Nanshan wrked hard day and night treating SARS patients.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句）