专题03 阅读理解C篇（说明文）-2023年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）

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（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇）
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
28. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
30. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
31. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
重点词汇：
1. minimalism 2. philsphy 3. fundatin 4. increasingly 5. intlerable 6. cnclude
7. adpt 8. ptinal9. massive
10. encunter 11. sustainable 12. leisure
13. mindless 14. tlbx 15. minimalist
16. particular 17. circumstance
语篇解读
主旨概要
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
原文出处
Digital Minimalism_ Chsing a Fcused Life in a Nisy Wrld [2019] -- Cal Newprt
语言知识
词汇默写
1. minimalism 2. philsphy 3. fundatin
4. increasingly 5. intlerable 6. cnclude
7. adpt 8. ptinal 9. massive
10. encunter 11. sustainable 12. leisure
13. mindless 14. tlbx 15. minimalist
16. particular 17. circumstance
词汇答案
1. minimalism n. (艺术)极简主义
2. philsphy n. 哲学；哲理
3. fundatin n. 根基；基础；根据；创建；基金(会)
4. increasingly adv. 逐渐地；越来越多地
5. intlerable adj. 无法忍受的；难耐的
6. cnclude vt. 推断出；缔结；使结束vi. 结束；总结；作决定；作协议
7. adpt v. 采用；收养；接受
8. ptinal adj. 任选的
9. massive adj. 巨大的；大量的；大规模的；大范围的；严重的
10. encunter n. 意外的相见；邂逅；遭遇v. 遭遇；遇到；偶然碰到
11. sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的；养得起的；可承受的
12. leisure n. 闲暇；休闲
13. mindless adj. 不留神的；不顾虑的；无需动脑的；愚蠢的
14. tlbx n. 工具箱
15. minimalist n. 最低限要求者
16. particular adj. 特定的；专指的；特殊的；特别的；挑剔的n. 详情；细节
17. circumstance n. 环境；详情；事件；(复数)境况
重点短语
1. divide sth int 把……分为
2. mve n 接着，继续
3. step away frm 远离
4. carry ut施行；实现
5. draw n凭借；动用；引用
6. take a clser lk at深度探索
长难句分析
1. The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
句意为：这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学。
句型分析：该句式简单句，主干为“The gal f this bk is t…, and then t teach…”,其中“including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks”非谓语动词结构是对前面的名词“digital minimalism”进行补充说明。
2. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
句意为：在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先检查了使如此多的人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量，然后进入了数字极简主义哲学的详细讨论。
句型分析：句子主干为“I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism”，其中starting非谓语结构为伴随状语，定语从句“that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable”修饰名词frces，“befre mving n t”作为时间状语。
3. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
句意为：在三十天结束时，你将添加一小部分精心挑选的在线活动，你相信这些活动会给你所珍视的东西带来巨大的好处
句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“yu will then add back nline activities”，其中定语从句“that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.”修饰前面的名词activities。
4. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.
句意为：在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理。
【答案】28.B 29.A 30.C 31.A
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a
detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu
decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后
如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
【29题详解】句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“I’ll draw n an experiment”，其中定语从句“I ran in 2018”省略了引导词that，修饰experiment ，另一个定语从句“in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.”同样修饰experiment，表示在这个实验中……
5. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
句意为：您将听到这些参与者的故事，并了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的哪些陷阱您应该避免。
句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn”，其中and连接两个宾语从句“what strategies wrked well fr them”和“what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid”，都作learn的宾语。
6. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter.
句意为：每一章都以一系列实践作为结尾，这些实践旨在帮助您实现本章的宏伟构想。
句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices,”，其中非限制性定语从句“which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter”修饰前面的名词practices。
7. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
句意为：你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。
句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为Yu can view these practices as a tlbx，其中“meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle”非谓语结构为目的状语，定语从句“that wrds fr yur particular circumstances”修饰前面的名词lifestyle。
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty
days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that
yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活
动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”
可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a
minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助
你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部
分中提及的实践。故选A。
（2023·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇）
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
28. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.D. A review f mdern paintings.
29. What are the selected artwrks abut?
A. Wealth and intellect.B. Hme and schl.
C. Bks and reading.D. Wrk and leisure.
30 What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
31. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
全文大意
《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品的庆祝——书籍，它在来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品中均有体现。读者的形象在历史上始终存在，即使在我们现在所熟知的书籍问世之前，艺术家们就已经以书籍和阅读为题材进行创作。在艺术家们对书籍和阅读的描绘中，我们可以看到超越文化和时代的共享人性的瞬间。
在这本"书中之书"中，艺术作品被精选并以一种强调不同时代和文化之间联系的方式进行编排。我们可以看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，书籍成为代表不同代际关系的焦点。成年人在许多场景和姿势中被描绘成独自一人——沉浸在一本书中，深思或陶醉于休闲的时刻。这些场景可能绘制于几百年前，但记录了我们都能产生共鸣的瞬间。
书籍本身在绘画中可以被象征性地使用，以展示主题的才智、财富或信仰。在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍就是珍贵的物品，本身可以成为艺术品。最近，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可以随意丢弃，艺术家们将它们作为艺术品的原材料——将封面、页码甚至整本书转化为绘画和雕塑。
通信技术的不断发展曾一度被认为使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看，印刷书肯定是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有交互性。为了发挥其功能，书籍必须由使用者激活：打开封面，翻开页面，审阅内容，也许写下笔记或划线。与我们日益网络化的生活形成对比的是，我们消费的信息受到监控和追踪，而印刷书仍然提供了一个完全私密的、"脱机"的活动机会。
语言知识
词汇默写
1.representatin 2. shared 3. humanity 4. selected 5. emphasize
6.prtray 7. absrbed 8.vlume 9. symblically 10.demnstrate
intellect 12. faith 13. treasured 14. inexpensive 15.thrwaway
raw 17. transfrm 18. sculpture 19 .utdated 20. interactive
battery-pwered 22.activate 23. increasingly 24.cnsume
mnitr 26.track 27. whlly 28. netwrked
词汇答案
1.代表, 描述 2.共享的，共同的 3.人性 4.被挑选，精选的 5.强调
6.描绘 7. 被吸引，专注于 8.卷 9.象征性地 10.展示
11.智力 12.信仰 13.珍贵的 14.廉价的 15.可随意丢弃的
16.原始的 17.转变 18.雕塑 19.过时的 20.互动的
21.电池驱动的 22.激活 23.越来越多 24.消费
25. 监控 26.跟踪 27.完全 28. 网络化的
重点短语
arund the wrld 全世界 2 came int being 产生 3. relate t 涉及，和...有关
4.in cntrast t 与...形成对照 5 cme int being 出现，存在 6 g beynd sth 超过（或超出）某事；7. (be)absrbed in sth 被•…吸引住，全神贯注 8. deep in thught 陷入沉思 9. be lst in 陷入⋯⋯10. printing press 11. wrk f art 艺术品 12 in ne’ s wn right 凭借自身的资格 13.raw material 原材料，素材；14 cmmunicatin technlgy 通信技术 15 pint f view 观点，看
长难句分析
1.Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.
句意为：《阅读艺术：献给书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一个日常物品——书籍的庆祝，这里用来代表该书籍的是来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品。
句型分析：主语：Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers谓语：is 表语a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk。 “represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld” 为过去分词做定语修饰the bk。
The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being．
句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就己
展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。
句型分析：主语The image谓语appears. “thrughut histry”和 “in art ...” 作状语，made lng befre bks came int being 作后置定语，修饰 art; as we nw knw them 为插入语。
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. (Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-readerMre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks - transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们己经将书籍用作艺术品的
原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。本句为主从复合句，主句的主语 artists 谓语have used 宾语them 介词短语as the raw material fr art wrk做状语 s as 引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词-ing 短语作伴随状语。
(它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
【命题意图】
试卷所选阅读语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境。2023年新课标I卷阅读理解C篇讲述了讲述数字时代的极简生活，文章中提到的30天不用手机，用这个时间发展自己的兴趣爱好，回归极简生活，专业词汇多，解题有一定难度。阅读素材，考查整体阅读与深度阅读的能力，需要从头到尾理解文章，而不单单从字面搜寻信息。C篇，提到了 digital minimalism“数码极简”以及 slitude 独处的妙处，是对现在人们过度依赖数码产品，依赖网络以及把过多时间消耗在缺乏思考的设备之上的一种反思，也是改变这样生活方式的一种温和呼吁。2023年新课标II卷阅读阅读C篇说明文，主要介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的的一本书--Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景，论述了在通信技术发达的现在，纸质书仍然具有互动性，并没有过时。引导学生养成喜爱读书、善于求知的学习习惯。
【考查要点】
2023年新课标I卷阅读C篇文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。主要考查学生细节理解能力、词义猜测能力和推理判断能力；细节理解题1题，词义猜测1题、推理判断题2题。2023年新课标II卷阅读C篇，文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。主要考查学生细节理解能力和推理判断能力、词义猜测能力。细节理解题1道题，推理判断题2道，词义猜测题1道。
【课标链接】
依据新课程标准阅读理解部分试题考查的就是对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解和推断能力。深入考查基础语言知识旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语言知识，了解基础文化知识；引导学生深入学习和理解语篇所表达的主题意义，养成一定的语言意识和英语语感。

【1】（2022·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇）
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing, It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
29. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.D. She has develped a strng persnality.
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
【2】（2022·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇）
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."28. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【解析】【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
【3】（2021·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
【4】（2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇）
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children. Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
28. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie.B. Build new schls.
C. Run a prject.D. Help lcal musicians.
29. What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A. It is particularly difficult.B. It increases artists' incme.
C. It pens children's mind.D. It deserves greater attentin.
30. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles.B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities.D. Psitive wrldviews.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. C 31. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafiraku打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段Craig-Martin 说的话“Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.（Andria的把各个领域的艺术学家请到学校教学这个聪明的项目很受学生欢迎，在学校忽视艺术教育的时期。把艺术看出不必要是错误的。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学不应该被忽视，而应该被重视。故选D。【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
分析近三年的高考试题，可以发现阅读理解C篇考查说明文为主，但是每年的话题侧重点不同，如：2022·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇，主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目；2022·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇，为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机；2021·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇，讲述了美国鸭票的故事，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽；2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇，文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。试题设置考点以推理判断为主，其次是词义猜测、细节理解。对于2024年高考C篇预测，很可能仍然会是说明文为主，话题可能涉及到科技、环保、生物等主题相关，需重点关注这些方面内容信息。
【1】（2023年5月江苏苏州高三调研试题）
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
8. Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B. T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C. T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D. T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
9. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments.B. Dubts.C. Errrs.D. Differences.
10. What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A. Create rules.B. Cmprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently.D. Identify difficult wrds.
11. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B. The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C. Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Prject Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Na Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Na Ovadia的目的是展示Prject Debater的聪明。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.(尽管Prject Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will n dubt be irned ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errrs意思相近，故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammnd所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammnd的说法，Prject Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
【2】（2023年5月重庆市高三第三次诊断调研试题）
Aasritha Duriseti recently nticed her grandmther’s difficulty pening a bttle cap. Frtunately, she fund a slutin in her eighth-grade engineering class at Carsn Middle Schl in Herndn, Virginia, whse assignment was t adapt existing prducts t make daily life easier fr peple with challenges.
Aasritha’s creativity kicked in as she researched existing bttle-pening devices. She used a piece f wd shaped like a cellphne and put three hles n it, each in different sizes and lined with a layer f dried, sticky ht glue, which prvided firm grips (防滑力) fr cmmn bttle caps. With a simple twisting (拧) mtin, her grandmther culd pen bttles withut assistance.
“Students in the class used mre than their math, physics and tl skills. They als learned t lk at prblems frm anther’s pint f view,” said Teacher Mark Blt, “Engineers need t put themselves in their prduct users’ shes t build effective slutins.”
Other students in the class als shwed sensitivity as they watched friends and family struggle with daily tasks.
Michael Kuwashima nticed hw dyslexia—a reading disrder that the brain tends t cnfuse the rder f numbers, letters and ther images-made it difficult fr a friend t fllw alng n pages full f text. Therefre, Michael created a small adjustable windw-blind-style device. “My friend culd islate (分离) small sectins f text while reading,” he said.
Arjan Garg fcused n a different prblem. Smetimes putting n clthes can be hard fr peple with a limited range f mtin. Arjan created a “dressing stick” using fur wd sticks f different sizes t fit different clthing.
The students tried different versins f their prducts alng the way t make the best ne t shw the class.
Rather than requiring step-by-step directins fr creating their prjects, Blt preferred t leave students’ creative paths pen. “If we want t d better, we have t have a chance t fail,” he said.
28. Why did Aasritha create a new bttle-pening device?
A. She hped t get a higher scre.
B. She was interested in engineering.
C. She had difficulty pening bttle caps.
D. She wanted t help her grandmther.
29. What did students learn frm the class?
A. Wrking with thers.
B. Cnducting field experiments.
C. Understanding thers’ feelings.
D. Cmmunicating with prduct users.
30. Hw did students finish their assignment?
A. With the aid f a guidebk.
B. Thrugh trial and errr.
C. With the help f classmates.
D. Under the detailed instructin.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. An inspiring class.
B. An excellent teacher.
C. Sme scientific methds.
D. Sme talented students.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了在Carsn Middle Schl八年级的机械工程课上，学生们不仅学会了通过对现有设备的改造使周围人的生活更加便利，而且还学会了站在他人角度去思考，关心他们的需求。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“Aasritha Duriseti recently nticed her grandmther’s difficulty pening a bttle cap. Frtunately, she fund a slutin in her eighth-grade engineering class at Carsn Middle Schl in Herndn, Virginia, whse assignment was t adapt existing prducts t make daily life easier fr peple with challenges. (Aasritha Duriseti最近注意到她的祖母很难打开瓶盖。幸运的是，她在弗吉尼亚州Herndn的Carsn中学的八年级工程课上找到了解决办法，该课的任务是改造现有产品，使有挑战的人的日常生活更容易。)”可知，Aasritha要发明一种新的开瓶装置是因为她想帮助她的祖母。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“They als learned t lk at prblems frm anther’s pint f view (他们还学会了从别人的角度看问题)”可知，该课程教会学生们理解他人的感受，故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Rather than requiring step-by-step directins fr creating their prjects, Blt preferred t leave students’ creative paths pen. (Blt不要求学生一步一步地指导他们创建项目，而是让学生的创意之路保持开放。)”可知，学生是通过自主探索、试验来完成创造的，故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Aasritha Duriseti recently nticed her grandmther’s difficulty pening a bttle cap. Frtunately, she fund a slutin in her eighth-grade engineering class at Carsn Middle Schl in Herndn, Virginia, whse assignment was t adapt existing prducts t make daily life easier fr peple with challenges. (Aasritha Duriseti最近注意到她的祖母很难打开瓶盖。幸运的是，她在弗吉尼亚州Herndn的Carsn中学的八年级工程课上找到了解决办法，该课的任务是改造现有产品，使有挑战的人的日常生活更容易。)”和第三段的“Students in the class used mre than their math, physics and tl skills. They als learned t lk at prblems frm anther’s pint f view (学生们在课堂上运用的不仅仅是数学、物理和工具技能。他们还学会了从别人的角度看问题)”可知，该篇文章主要讲述Carsn Middle Schl八年级的机械工程课帮助学生们创造了一些设备，同时教会学生从他人角度去思考问题，也就是主要是关于一堂有启发性的
【3】（2023年5月浙江北斗星盟阶段性考试试题）
Last September, several hundred tmat lvers gathered n a sunny, breezy day in Prtland, Ore. fr Tmat Fest. Agricultural researcher Matt Davis was handing ut samples f experimental tmates which were dry-farmed.
Dry-farming, a frm f agriculture that desn’t require irrigatin, has rts stretching back millennia. But in the 20th century, the practice largely fell ut f widespread use. Tday, hwever, farmers are nce again experimenting with dry farming as they struggle with water shrtages, which are being exacerbated by rising temperatures and mre frequent and intense drughts linked t climate change.
It’s a cmmn miscnceptin that dry farming means grwing plants withut water. Instead, dry-farmed plants take up misture stred in the grund rather than sprinkled (洒) frm abve. Thus, sites must generally receive mre than 50 centimeters f annual precipitatin (降水量) t create misture in the sil, and the sil must be cmpsed f fine grains that help preserve that water ver time.
Dry farming wn’t slve all f agriculture’s wes, but it ffers a way frward. Farmers have nticed that dry-farmed plts cntain nly abut a fifth f the weeds that grw in irrigated plts. Nt having t pull up as many weeds can translate int labr savings. Cupled with nt having t manage irrigatin facilities, dry farming can simplify a grwing peratin.
In 2016 and 2017, Alex Stne and Jennifer Wetzel frm Oregn State University grew different varieties f winter squash in Crvallis. The pair irrigated sme vegetable fields and dry-farmed thers. After harvesting the squash and leaving them in strage fr fur mnths, they fund that abut 80% f the rughly 1,250 dry-farmed winter squash were still marketable while the number drpped t 50% ut f the rughly 1,150 irrigated winter squash.
“Yu get t really learn what the envirnment gives yu, and yu learn t respnd accrdingly.” Michael Jhnsn, a specialist at the University f Arizna says, “A relatinship develps between the crpping system and the farmer. It’s a beautiful thing that needs t be cherished.”
28. What des the underlined wrd “exacerbated” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Highlighted.B. Wrsened.C. Relieved.D. Imprved.
29. What can we knw abut dry-farming?
A. It helps grw plants withut water.
B. It enjyed great ppularity in the 20th century.
C. It has certain requirements fr the cmpsitin f sil.
D. It is an effective methd t address envirnmental prblems.
30. What did Stne and Wetzel discver abut dry-farming in their experiment?
A. Its prduce cntains less water.B. Its verall yields tend t be higher.
C. It makes the grwing prcess simpler.D. It tends t yield lnger-preserved prduce.
31. What is Jhnsn’s attitude twards dry farming?
A. Cnservative.B. Indifferent.C. Supprtive.D. Skeptical.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旱作农业的历史以及种植特点。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“they struggle with water shrtages(他们正在与水资源短缺作斗争)”以及后文“by rising temperatures and mre frequent and intense drughts linked t climate change（由于气温上升和与气候变化有关的更频繁和更强烈的干旱）”可知，农民在努力解决水资源短缺问题，而气温上升和与气候变化有关的更频繁和更严重的干旱使得水资源短缺问题更糟糕了。故划线词意思是“更糟”。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Thus, sites must generally receive mre than 50 centimeters f annual precipitatin (降水量) t create misture in the sil, and the sil must be cmpsed f fine grains that help preserve that water ver time.(因此，这些地点通常每年必须有超过50厘米的降水来为土壤创造水分，而且土壤必须由细颗粒组成，以帮助长期保存水分)”可知，旱作农业对土壤成分有一定的要求。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“After harvesting the squash and leaving them in strage fr fur mnths, they fund that abut 80% f the rughly 1,250 dry-farmed winter squash were still marketable while the number drpped t 50% ut f the rughly 1,150 irrigated winter squash.(在收获南瓜并将其储存四个月后，他们发现大约1250个旱作南瓜中约有80%仍然可以销售，而在大约1150个灌溉南瓜中，这一数字下降到50%)”可知，斯通和韦策尔在他们的实验中发现了旱作农业常常可以生产保存时间更长的农产品。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“A relatinship develps between the crpping system and the farmer. It’s a beautiful thing that needs t be cherished.(在耕作制度和农民之间形成了一种关系。这是一件需要珍惜的美好的事情)”可推知，约翰逊对旱作农业的态度是支持。故选C。
【技巧点拨】
1.加强词汇的积累，尤其关注新课标词汇的派生词的运用。每年阅读中都会出现一些高难度的词汇，2023新高考全国I卷亦如此，尤其是新课标词汇的派生词，如minimal→minimalism，tlerate→intlerable，capital→capitalizes，estimate→verestimate，estimate→underestimate ，relate→crrelate， dminate→dminant，imply→implicatins等。
2. 注重英语思维能力的培养，包括判断和推理两个方面。推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 是阅读理解中层次较高的题目, 因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。