人教版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第2册UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS课时学案

这是一份人教版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第2册UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS课时学案，共17页。


1 suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
①Plice have asked residents t keep an eye ut fr anything suspicius(suspect)．
②These seven villagers were suspected f having(have) links with several extremist grups.
③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ改)On his way t Bukhara Mr Bissell gt a taste f plice methds when suspected(suspect) f drug dealing.
When we started whispering tgether, she frwned and cast a suspicius lk at us/lked at us suspiciusly(向我们投来怀疑的目光)．
◎suspect sb. f (ding) sth.怀疑某人有……罪/做了某事
◎suspect that...怀疑……
◎suspicius adj.怀疑的；可疑的
◎be suspicius f/abut怀疑……；对……起疑心
◎arrest a murder suspect逮捕一个杀人嫌疑犯
◎suspect him f betraying state secrets怀疑他泄露国家机密
◎be suspicius f/abut his behaviur怀疑他的行为
2 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
①Lts f peple find it hard t get up in the mrning, and put the blame n the alarm clck.
②Mr Green std up in defence f the 16­year­ld by, saying that he was nt the ne t blame(blame)．
③(2021·全国甲卷改)It's the seaside birds that deserve part f the blame fr getting Nick blacklisted at the Fairmnt Empress Htel.
Despite the fact that my parents didn't blame me fr my bad perfrmance(没有责怪我的糟糕表现), I still felt guilty and was in lw spirits fr several days.
◎blame sb. fr (ding) sth.为(做)某事责备某人
◎blame sth. n sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
◎be t blame (fr...)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
◎lay/put/place the blame n...把责任归咎于……
◎bear/take/get the blame fr为……承担责任/背黑锅
◎take the blame fr the mistake为错误承担责任
◎blame the accident n dangerus driving把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶
◎blame me fr nt keeping my muth shut责怪我多嘴
3 link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
①(2021·北京卷)When yu sleep, yur brain srts thrugh everything that happened during the day, trying t link new experiences t/with ld memries.
②A study fund that deaths linked(link) t alchl accunted fr almst 4% f the wrld's deaths in 2019.
③There is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in weight prblems.
(普通表达)Many children's health prblems have smething t d with pr diet and lack f exercise.
(高级表达)Many children have health prblems linked with/t pr diet and lack f exercise.
◎a link ……和……之间的联系
◎a link with sth.与某物有关系
◎link... t/with...把……与……连接/联系起来
◎link up with...与……连接或结合
◎be linked t/with...和……连接；与……有联系
◎link the vide camera t a cmputer把摄像机连接到电脑上
◎be clsely linked t yur diet与你的饮食密切相关
◎establish trade links with Eurpe与欧洲建立贸易关系
4 defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
①The weasel is a timid animal but will fight like a tiger in defence f its yung.
②When facing a theft charge, yu must figure ut hw t defend yurself against/frm the charge.
③When in a nvel envirnment, the brain partly remains alert s that humans can defend themselves(they) against any ptential danger.
Seeing a fierce snake suddenly appear, he rushed ut like an arrw t defend his sn frm/against its attack(去保护儿子免遭它的攻击)．
◎保护……以免受……
◎defend neself为自己辩解；自卫
◎in defence f为了保卫……
◎defend itself frm/against its natural enemies防御它的天敌
◎take actin t defend the members' rights采取措施来维护会员们的权利
◎defend her Olympic title successfully成功蝉联奥运冠军
5 cme dwn患(病)；染上(小病)
①That night she came dwn with a fever and was suspected f getting infected with a virus.
② (2021·全国甲卷改)Walking up a path thrugh the frest, I came acrss a small clearing and nticed dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw.
③In the weeks that fllwed, the slutin which had cme up in my uncnscius mind prved crrect at every step.
Shelly­Ann, a little wman with a big smile, has a mental tughness that/which did nt cme abut by chance(这不是偶然才有的)．
◎cme acrss(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解
◎cme abut产生；发生(无被动形式)
◎cme ut出版；结果是；(花)开放
◎cme t (neself)苏醒
◎cme up走近；上来；被提及
◎cme up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)
◎cme dwn with bird flu得了禽流感
◎cme up with a new slutin想出一个新的解决方案
◎a bk that will cme ut next week下周要出版的书
6 [教材原句]Thrugh Snw's tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售清洁水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅下降。
①The turnver(营业额) f e­cmmerce saw(see) a substantial gain frm apprximately 800 billin in 2011 t 2，500 billin in 2014.
②The 25­year perid witnessed(witness) a fall in the cnsumptin f beef and lamb t apprximately 100 grams and 55 grams per persn per week respectively.
③The last three decades have/has seen(see) steady grwth in East Asia, making the regin the mst dynamic and fastest grwing in the wrld.
The sixth day saw his arrival at his hmetwn(第六天他来到自己的家乡), where he stayed fr nly ne night befre he hurried back t wrk.
see，witness的主语有时可以是表示“时间、地点或某事物”的名词或名词短语，这是一种拟人的修饰手法，此时see，witness意为“见证；发生”，虽然是物作主语，但see，witness却要用主动语态。
That year saw the first Festival with Lrd Harewd as directr, and the featured cmpser was Schenberg.那年举办了第一届音乐节，导演是哈伍德勋爵，主要作曲家是勋伯格。
7 [教材原句]When asked “Can we Chinese pssibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why nt? We Chinese are able t make the same things that ther peple make.”有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的？外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。”
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff “switch” where the glw wuld fade when expsed(expse) t daylight.
②After evaluatin, dctrs believe that the illness will becme wrse if left(leave) untreated.
(普通表达)Generally speaking, the drug has n side effect when yu take it accrding t the directins.
(高级表达)Generally speaking, when taken accrding t the directins, the drug has n side effect.(使用过去分词)
教材原句中的When asked，相当于When he was asked，意为“当被问到”。在“when＋dne”结构中，过去分词与句子的主语是被动关系，而在“when＋ding”结构中，现在分词与主语是主动关系。与when的这种用法类似的连词还有while, if, unless, nce, thugh, whenever, as if等。
When asked abut the secret f his success, Steven Spielberg said that he wes much f his success and happiness t his wife and children.当被问到他成功的秘诀时，史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格说他的成功和快乐很大程度上要归功于他的妻子与孩子。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．Martin knew clearly what it wuld cst t defend(defend) the rights f all black peple.
2．Sme peple still claim that there is n slid evidence linking(link) smking with lung cancer.
3．The mther didn't knw wh t blame(blame) fr the brken glass as it happened while she was ut.
4．The fur decades since the refrm and pening up have/has seen(see) the dramatic changes in China.
5．(2019·浙江6月改)T much praise, when given(give) in a way that's insincere, can make kids afraid t try new things r take a risk.
6．Suspecting(suspect) the traveller f carrying drugs，the Custms fficial stpped him and went thrugh his suitcase.
7．The birth rate decreasing(decrease) rapidly, the gvernment has t take measures t encurage yung peple t have mre children.
8．The plice nly suspected the man f cmmitting/having cmmitted(cmmit) a crime, but there was n definite evidence.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．Scientists nw link certain types f cancer t/with the amunt f junk fd that peple eat.
2．It is the test system that is t blame fr the heavy burden f middle schl students nwadays.
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Where d yu start? Here's a handful f ways that/which will set yu in the right directin.
4．Tw men, suspected f receiving stlen prperty, were taken t the plice statin fr questining.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．The wman liked the water s much that she had it delivered(deliver) t her huse every day.
2．He read a lt and was extremely knwledgeable(knwledge), especially in the area f frntier science research.
3．Besides being(be) brilliant, he was brave, thugh smetimes careless in what he said r did.
4．Qian Xuesen, described(describe) as a man with great scientific thught and spirit, is well­respected by the Chinese peple.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．Fr this jb, experience is what matters—age is f secndary imprtance.
2．Nevertheless, Qian Xuesen didn't let that discurage him frm taking n the challenge.
3．The peple wh drank this pumped water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.
4．In the 1950s, large numbers f verseas Chinese scientists returned t China t participate in its recnstructin.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·天津卷)I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new. B
A．未煮的 B．娇嫩的 C．无经验的
2．(2020·江苏卷)They shifted their viewpints frequently. C
A．转移 B．轮班 C．改变
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The ecsystem dwn there can't handle this nn­native species. A
A．应付；处理 B．操纵；驾驶 C．搬动；触摸
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·全国乙卷)By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher­value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为：By , drnes fr railways, detecting they can 句中的By using...是介词短语作方式状语，后面的detecting...是现在分词短语作伴随状语，befre引导时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译]通过使用最新的技术，无人机还开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在铁路或道岔出现任何安全问题之前检测出故障。
2．(2021·浙江6月)As cl as it may be t receive a pstcard written in Chinese, the cncept desn't wrk if ne desn't understand it.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为：As cl as it may be t..., the cncept desn't wrk if...。句中的As cl as it may be...是让步状语从句，意为“虽然可能很酷”，其中的it是形式主语，后面的不定式t receive...是从句的真正主语。句末的it代指前面的a pstcard written in Chinese。另外，句中的wrk意为“行得通；奏效”。
[尝试翻译]虽然收到一张用中文写的明信片可能很酷，但如果你看不懂，也就酷不起来(想酷的想法就行不通)。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Many peple have been infected with the virus since the pandemic 1.brke(break) ut. China's utstanding specialists in epidemilgy in charge f tracing the surce f the virus 2.initially(initial) suspected that wild bats were t blame. But the cncrete 3.prf(prve) cllected has made them finally subscribe t the view that it is nt directly linked t bats. Thrugh bservatin with 4.micrscpes(micrscpe), scientists have btained multiple reliable statistics, enabling them t understand the structure f the virus. But 5.what frustrates them is that they're still unable t find its rigin, which casts a shadw n their research. T defend against the deadly threat, sme scientists are stepping up effrts 6.t develp(develp) vaccines in the hpe f slving the prblem nce and fr all. Other scientists have shifted their fcus twards the appraches 7.t preventing its further spread. In China, effective measures have been taken t handle the crisis. Fr example, we avid 8.ging(g) ut frequently and wear masks when having t g ut. Furthermre, nce smene 9.cmes(cme) dwn with the disease, he will sn be islated. Thanks t these interventins, the threat f virus has seen 10.a substantial decrease in China.
Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①屠呦呦是一位杰出的女科学家，年轻时就对医学产生了兴趣。
Tu Yuyu is an utstanding female scientist. She became interested in medicine when very yung.
②她天资聪慧，1951年考入北京大学。
She was s gifted that she was admitted t Beijing University in 1951.
③毕业后，她把精力转向传统中医的研究。
After graduatin, she switched her energy t the study f traditinal Chinese medicine.
④经过多次失败后，她成功地发现了青蒿素。
Fllwing multiple failures, she succeeded in discvering artemisinin.
⑤青蒿素是一种抗疟疾的新药物，疟疾曾导致大量的人死亡。
Artemisinin is a new drug defending against malaria, which has caused a large number f deaths.
⑥由于她的发现，很多生命被拯救，所以，她获得了2015年的诺贝尔医学奖。
Thanks t her findings, many lives were saved, s she was awarded the 2015 Nbel Prize fr Medicine.
⑦这也彻底地证明了中国女性也能为人类做出非凡的贡献。
This prves nce and fr all that Chinese wmen can als make brilliant cntributins t humans.
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Tu Yuyu is an utstanding female scientist, wh became interested in medicine when very yung. She was s gifted that she was admitted t Beijing University in 1951. After graduatin, she switched her energy t the study f traditinal Chinese medicine. Fllwing multiple failures, she succeeded in discvering artemisinin, a new drug defending against malaria, which has caused a large number f deaths. Thanks t her findings，many lives were saved, s she was awarded the 2015 Nbel Prize fr Medicine, which prves nce and fr all that Chinese wmen can als make brilliant cntributins t humans.
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
有人怀疑我偷了那条项链，这给我平静的生活蒙上了一层阴影。我很懊恼，眼里涌出了泪水。“我为什么要给别人背锅呢？”我自言自语地说。我开始为自己辩白，追查谁是真正的小偷，并寻找确凿的证据证明我是冤枉的。面对严峻的挑战，我鼓励自己要更加坚强。后来，在朋友们的帮助下，我找到了足够的与盗窃案有关联的证据，最终真正的小偷被抓住了。
参考答案：
I was suspected f stealing that necklace, which cast a shadw ver my quiet life. I was very frustrated and tears welled up in my eyes. “Why shuld I take the blame fr smene else？” I said t myself. I began t defend myself by tracing wh the real thief was and lking fr slid evidence t prve that I had been wrnged. Faced with the severe challenge, I encuraged myself t be strnger. Later, with the assistance f my friends, I fund enugh prf linked t the theft, leading t the real thief being caught.
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·珠海市测试)I culdn't hear what he was saying, but I saw the way he was laughing and rlling his eyes in his typical pking­fun­at­yu way.
2．(心理描写)(2022·重庆市适应性考试)The mment he arrived at his father's huse, a surge f sadness and regret welled up in his heart.
3．(景物描写)(2022·滨州市模拟)Hwever, there was nt a blade f grass anywhere, r even a small bush.
(2022·长沙市适应性考试)I dragged myself ut f the bed and all the rutines began early. I drpped my tw lder children at schl with relief and unwillingly headed t the supermarket t buy grceries with my yungest. I wasn't feeling any sense f appreciatin fr my cmfrtable hme r lvely family.
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
2．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
3．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
4．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
5．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
6．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
7．pur vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
8．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
9．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
10．furthermre adv.此外；再者
11．fault n．弱点；过错
1．She suspected(suspect) that ne f her three daughters had picked the ring up, but the girls said they hadn't.
2．As a matter f fact, the driver was nt t blame(blame) fr the accident which happened yesterday.
3．Misunderstandings may lead t serius prblems unless they are handled(handle) prperly.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ改)The purpse f the HUNCH prgram is t link(link) space technlgy with schl educatin.
5．With the birth rate decreasing(decrease) rapidly, the cuntry will face labr shrtage in the future.
6．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)It's better t leave yur listeners wishing fr mre than shifting(shift) restlessly in their seats waiting fr yur speech finally t end.
7．(2022·全国甲卷)He pured(pur) water frm a bttle int his hand and ffered it t my dgs.
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧；挫败；阻止→frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustratingadj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→frustratin n．懊恼；沮丧；受阻；挫败
2．infect vt.使感染；传染→infectin n．感染；传染→infected adj.(身体部位或伤口)受感染的；(食品、水等)受细菌污染的；(电脑)受病毒感染的
3．prve v．证明→prf n．证据；证明；检验
4．transfrm vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transfrmatin n．转化；变化；改变
5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense n．防御；保卫；防守；辩护→defensive adj.防御的；防守的；戒备的
6．assist vi.& vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．协助；援助
7．gift n．礼物；天赋→gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
1．Wei Fang has a real gift fr vivid descriptin, which will make her a uniquely gifted Chinese language teacher.(gift)
2．He has prved himself capable f handling cmplex situatins, and these results are a further prf f his utstanding ability.(prve)
3．T defend the brders, the ancient Chinese tk many defensive measures and these walls were built as a defense against the enemy's attacks.(defend)
4．It's frustrating t be trapped in the situatin where yu feel frustrated at being unable t help smene wh is vercme with frustratin．(frustrate)
5．China is transfrming its ecnmic grwth mdel, which is ne f the mst astnishing ecnmic transfrmatins seen since 1978. (transfrm)
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1．nce and fr all
最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe t
同意；赞同；订阅
3．thanks t
幸亏；由于
4．break ut
(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in charge f
主管；掌管
6．cme dwn
患(病)；染上(小病)
7．abve all
最重要的是；尤其是
1．All the scientists subscribe t the view that it is human activity that has caused the glbal warming.
2．My sn must have cme dwn with a bad cld, fr he has gt a sre thrat.
3．A fierce cnflict brke ut at the brder between the tw cuntries, resulting in six deaths and many injuries.
4．With high­speed trains, peple will set up factries and business centres in the west nce and fr all．
5．Officials in charge f the investigatin nly prvided sme facts f the case fr jurnalists.
6．Thanks t the spread f mdern technlgy, trained wrkers are mre vital than ever.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1．until引导时间状语从句
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme.
我决定扔掉磨破的鞋子，光着脚走路，直到能够返回村子里。
I decided t thrw away my wrn shes and walk bareft until I culd return t the village．(续写之动作描写)
2．have sth./sb. dne
Accrdingly，he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used.
她感到很难为情，双手捂住脸，不敢与别人眼神接触。
She felt s awkward that she had her face buried in her hands, nt daring t make eye cntact with thers.(续写之动作描写)
用于情感描写的词汇
用于动作描写的词汇
shadw; frustrated; slid; severe; prf
suspect; cast; blame; defend; trace; assistance; link