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译林版高考英语一轮复习必修第2册UNIT4 Exploring literature课时学案
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这是一份译林版高考英语一轮复习必修第2册UNIT4 Exploring literature课时学案，共33页。
①(2021·天津3月卷)The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January．
②We appealed t all students and teachers t keep (keep) the envirnment clean and t make ur schl a beautiful hme．
③The plice are appealing t the public fr infrmatin abut the crime．
④I am writing t appeal/make an appeal t everyne t take an active part in(呼吁大家积极参加) building a beautiful campus．
appeal t 呼吁；上诉；恳求；对……有吸引力，使……感兴趣
appeal t sb．t d sth．呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appeal t sb．fr sth．＝make an appeal t sb．fr sth．为某事而向某人呼吁
make an appeal t sb．t d sth．呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appealing adj．吸引人的；引起兴趣的
appeal fr mercy/sympathy请求宽恕/同情
have much appeal fr me 对我有很大的吸引力
appeal t his cuntrymen nt t lse heart呼吁他的同胞不要丧失信心
①(2021·浙江1月卷)Unfrtunately we frgt t weigh them befre taking ut their insides，but I was determined t prve(prve) my pint．
②I have determined n/upn wrking as a vlunteer teacher in the cuntryside after graduatin．
③With strng determinatin，ne is able t vercme whatever hardships and dangers he may encunter．
④(2021·浙江6月卷)Hearing my parents quarreling abut hw t cver next mnth's family expenses，I (was) determined t cntribute the 119 dllars t my family(决定把这119美元贡献给家人)．
determine n/upn(ding) sth．决定(做)某事
determine t d sth．决定做某事(表示动作)
be determined t d sth．决心做某事(表示状态)
determinatin n．决心；确定；查明
with determinatin坚决地；果断地
determine the exact cause f the illness 断定致病的确切原因
determine me t drink and smke n mre使我决定不再抽烟喝酒
determine n/upn ging t the cuntryside after graduatin 决定毕业后到农村去
①I decided t sit back and relax，reflecting n/upn the wnderful mments that I did have．
②She culd see her face reflected(reflect) in the water．
③(2021·浙江卷)I verheard my parents quarreling abut family expenses，and n/upn reflectin(再三思考之后)，I tk ut the mney and presented it t my dad．
reflect．．．in．．．在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflect n/upn sth．认真思考/反省某事
reflectin n．思考；映射；反射；倒影
n reflectin 经再三考虑
be reflected in the water 倒映在水中
reflect n what answer t give 仔细考虑怎么答复
reflect the pinins f the children 反映儿童们的看法
①The bx cntains(cntain) a number f letters，including(include) thse frm her admirers and her husband's letters included(include) as well．
②He was s excited that he culd hardly cntain himself(he)．
③Unable t cntain his anger(无法克制自己的愤怒)，he turned arund and rared angrily，“Wh n earth did it？”
cntain neself 克制自己
cntainer n．容器；集装箱；货柜
include＋n．/prn．/动词ing包括……
including＋被包括的一部分＝被包括的一部分＋included 包括……
cntain his fear抑制住他的恐惧
cntain prtein and fat含蛋白质和脂肪
cntain tw hundred students容纳200名学生
①She is s particular abut her husewrk that servants will nt wrk fr her．
②When yu attend yur friend's dinner party in China，yu'd better behave prperly，particularly paying attentin t yur table manners/paying attentin t yur table manners in particular(尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪)．
be particular abut．．．对……讲究/挑剔
in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别；格外
a particular case一种特殊情况
be particular abut what ne eats and drinks讲究吃喝
a particular accunt f the accident一份全面而详尽的事故报告
①Jim had prepared carefully fr his driving test s that he culd be sure f passing it at the first attempt．
②The man was being questined abut the attempted (attempt) murder last night．
③We made an attempt t/attempted t make ut the way(试图认出路) back hme in the darkness，but in vain．
attempt t d sth．＝make an attempt t d sth． 打算/企图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
attempted adj．未遂的，企图的
after repeated attempts反复尝试之后
attempt t get in tuch with them 试图和他们联系
make a desperate attempt t find survivrs f the accident 拼命寻找事故幸存者
①Peple are cnfused abut all the different labels n fd these days．
②What yu said at the meeting was really cnfusing(cnfuse)．
③The ld man is always cnfusing the by with his twin brther(总是把这个男孩和他的双胞胎弟弟弄混)．
④(普通表达)He was cnfused with the present situatin s he was at a lss what t d next．
(高级表达)Cnfused with the present situatin，he was at a lss what t d next．(形容词短语作状语)
be/get cnfused abut．．．对……感到迷惑
cnfuse vt．使迷惑；混淆
cnfuse sb．with sth．因某事而使某人糊涂
cnfuse A and/with B 把A跟B混淆
cnfusing adj．令人迷惑的
cnfusin n．迷惑，混乱；令人迷惑的事情
be cnfusing t the user让使用者迷惑不解
cnfuse frm and/with substance把形式同实质混淆
be cnfused abut what had just happened对刚发生的事完全摸不着头脑
①Befre the exam，I devted myself t preparing(prepare) fr it．
②Only when we realize the imprtance f helping each ther can we be devted t building a harmnius sciety．
③(普通表达)The yung lady devtes herself t teaching the deaf children，s she has little time t care fr her wn daughter．
(高级表达)Devting herself t teaching the deaf children/Devted t teaching the deaf children，the yung lady has little time t care fr her wn daughter．(分词作状语)
devte t．．．从事于；奉献于……
devte．．．t．．．把……用于……
be devted t (ding) sth．专心于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事
devte everything we have 奉献我们的一切
devte neself t literature献身于文学
devte a great sum f mney t bks花了一大笔钱买书
devte urselves faithfully t the duties忠诚地献身于职责
①She was walking(walk) alng the bank f the river when she heard a cry fr help．
②I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang．
③I was abut t pick up/was n the pint f picking up the pieces f glass when I heard(刚要去捡起玻璃碎片就听到) my mm's vice，“What's happening？”
be ding．．．when．．．正在做……这时……
be abut t d．．．/ be n the pint f ding．．．when．．．正要做……这时……
had just dne．．．when．．．刚做了……这时……
She was n the pint f ging t bed when there was a pwer failure．她刚要去睡觉，这时突然停电了。
①Clse t the schl there was a beautiful park with many trees arund it．
②With a lcal guide leading(lead) the way，we gt there easily．
③With mre and mre trees cut(cut) dwn，sme animals are facing the danger f dying ut．
④(普通表达)I have an imprtant class meeting t attend，s I can't accmpany yu t the bkstre．
(高级表达)With an imprtant class meeting t attend，I can't accmpany yu t the bkstre．(with复合结构)
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构可构成with的复合结构，在句中常作伴随、原因、方式等状语。
with＋名词/代词＋ding (ding表主动或正在进行的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋dne (dne表被动或已完成的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋t d (t d表将来的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋介词短语/adj．/adv．(表宾语的性质或状态)
All f us were hard at wrk at the kitchen table，with my mm filming the annual event．我们所有人都在厨房的餐桌前忙碌，我妈妈在拍摄这个一年一度的活动。
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The gvernment is appealing t everyne t save (save) water．
2．They were determined t figure(figure) ut what was wrng with the machine with the help f Tm．
3．I am nt familiar with Jim，but his music reflects (reflect) his interest in African culture．
4．I dn't knw hw much il is in this ld cntainer(cntain)．
5．In India，particularly(particular) utside cities，yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband's family when they get married．
6．She was sentenced t twenty years' imprisnment fr attempted(attempt) murder．
7．The statement is really cnfusing(cnfuse) and many f us can't understand it．
8．Neighbrs devted their spare time t helping(help) thers rebuild hmes．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．Created by artists with great prestige，these wrks appeal t many peple wh have a preference fr abstract art．
2．I have determined n/upn spending my hliday at hme．
3．She ften spends sme time reflecting n/upn her successes and failures．
4．She lves the sng in particular，because her mther used t sing it．
5．I will make an attempt t answer all yur questins．
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．T draw(draw) maps prperly，yu need a special pen．
2．Whether the building shuld be pulled (pull) dwn has remained cntrversial．
3．There were times when the challenges f writing such a huge nvel almst defeated(defeat) her．
4．She usually writes abut sme envirnmental issues (issue)．
5．The new mdel will be launched (launch) in July next year．
6．This species has nearly died ut because its habitat is being destryed (destry) nw．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．T her jy，there was a flash f light in the distance．
2．There is n dubt that the cnsumers are still very sensitive t the classic nvels．
3．I am lking fr my glasses，withut which I can't watch TV clearly．
4．Dn't reach fr a cffee! Instead，take a nap—a very shrt sleep．
5．He's always been mean with mney，which makes him have few friends．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·全国乙卷)In Wickenden's bk．．．A hairraising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads，which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies，ften in blinding snwstrms．C
A．部门
B．部件，散件
C．(书、报等的)章节
2．(2020·江苏卷)In lking int the stries f bilgical discvery，I als began t find smething else，a cllectin f scientists，usually brilliant，ccasinally halfmad，wh made the discveries．C
A．(同类)收藏品
B．募捐
C．一批物品；一群人
3．(2020·江苏卷)Humr als transprts yur mind away frm yur daily trubles．A
A．使产生身临其境的感觉
B．运输，运送
C．交通车辆
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·全国乙卷)First annunced in April，2016，the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml，was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖)．
句中 First annunced in April，2016为过去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语为tax；which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 tax；cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml是动词ing形式短语作后置定语；t help reduce childhd besity是不定式短语表目的。
[尝试翻译]该税收政策于2016 年4月首次宣布，适用于每100 毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，实施该政策旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)Yet prperly understd，the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam，which began a century earlier．
句中which began a century earlier为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the age f steam。
[尝试翻译]然而，准确地说，电力时代只是一个世纪前开始的蒸汽时代的第二个阶段。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Marines is a nble man 1．belnging(belng) t the upper class．He devtes 2．himself(he) t literature and has made significant 3．achievements(achieve)．He has 4．a large cllectin f bks，cntaining sme classic nvels 5．written(write) by famus writers．He has a sensitive sul and believes that n ne knws what life has in stre 6．fr them．Therefre，he appeals t ther authrs 7．t dnate(dnate) sme f their bks t lcal libraries fr the benefit f ther residents，as knwledge is the surce f scial develpment．Peple in his twn admire him fr his 8．genersity(generus)．They recmmend that a bigraphy shuld 9．be written(write) fr him after his death，10．which reflects their earnest respect fr him．
Step 1．写作要点(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①五年前，一场非常大的地震袭击了这座城市。
Five years ag，an extremely big earthquake struck the city．
②它摧毁了许多建筑物，造成了许多伤亡。
It destryed many buildings and caused many deaths and injuries．
③高尚的士兵们清理了废墟，并尽力帮助当地人民。
The nble sldiers cleared up the ruins and attempted t d all they culd t help the lcal peple．
④他们相信他们一定能战胜这场自然灾害。
They believed that they were sure t defeat the natural disaster．
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Five years ag，an extremely big earthquake struck the city．As a result，it destryed many buildings and caused many deaths and injuries．The nble sldiers cleared up the ruins and attempted t d all they culd t help the lcal peple．Therefre，they believed that they were sure t defeat the natural disaster．
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
为了买他最喜欢的乐器，约翰决定利用这个假期来赚些钱。所以他致力于做农场的工作。两周后，工作结束了。看着自己的收入，他既欣喜又兴奋。但父亲的话摧毁了他的梦想。他很困惑，并且自言自语道：“为什么我的收入不是我的？”敏感的母亲意识到了这一点。她拍了拍他的肩膀说：“你可以自由地使用自己的薪水。”听到这些，约翰兴奋得一句话都说不出来。他很感激母亲的慷慨和理解。
In an attempt t buy his favurite instrument，Jhn determined t draw n this hliday t earn sme mney．S he devted himself t ding the farm wrk．Tw weeks later，the wrk was ver．Seeing his earnings，he was verjyed and excited．But his father's wrds destryed his dream．He was cnfused，and said t himself，“Why my earnings nt be mine？”The sensitive mther was aware f this．She patted him n the shulder and said，“Yu can use yur wn salary freely．”Hearing this，Jhn was t excited t say a wrd．He appreciated his mther's genersity and understanding．
课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
eq \a\vs4\al(A) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时6分钟）)
(2022·泉州市高中毕业班质量监测)
San Francisc Bay Area is a great place t visit if yu're a sprts fan，as yu'll find several events all year rund and plenty f team pride．If yu are anywhere clse t the area during a game，these fantastic sprts events are here fr yu．
San Francisc Giants Baseball
The San Francisc Giants Baseball team plays in San Francisc at Oracle Park．This is a fun ballpark because it's always packed with great energy and ffers views f the bay．It's ne f the mst ppular San Francisc sprts events．The Giants are part f the Natinal League West Divisin．Since their arrival here in 1958，they have been Wrld Series Champins three times．
Glden State Warrirs Basketball
The fan base f the Glden State Warrirs is distributed in the whle San Francisc Bay Area as it is this regin's nly NBA team．Their regular seasn runs frm late Octber thrugh mid April，and all hme games are played at the Chase Center in San Francisc．In ttal，the Warrirs has wn seven NBA champinships．
San Francisc 49ers Ftball
The 49ers are San Francisc's NFL team，thugh they have recently mved t Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara，abut an hur's drive t suth f San Francisc．The ftball team was named fr the prspectrs (探矿者) wh arrived in the area in 1849 fr the Gld Rush．They've wn 5 Super Bwl champinships，all between 1981 and 1994．
San Jse Sharks Hckey
The San Jse Sharks represent the Bay Area in hckey (曲棍球)．They were funded in 1991 as the nly Bay Area team t cmpete in the NHL．Sharks' fans lve ging t these San Francisc sprts events at the SAP Center，which they call the Shark Tank，lcated abut an hur's drive t sutheast f San Francisc．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是有关旧金山湾区体育赛事地点的介绍。
1．Which team nce wn the wrld champinship?
A．The Giants．B．The Glden State Warrirs．
C．The 49ers．D．The San Jse Sharks．
A [细节理解题。根据San Francisc Giants Baseball部分中的尾句可知，自1958年以来，The Giants已经三次获得世界职业棒球大赛冠军。故A项正确。]
2．Which f the fllwing is basketball fans' favurite?
A．Oracle Park．B．The Chase Center．
C．Levi's Stadium．D．The SAP Center．
B [细节理解题。根据题干中的basketball定位到Glden State Warrirs Basketball部分。该部分中出现的the Chase Center就是篮球迷们最喜欢的地方。故B项正确。]
3．Wh is the text intended fr?
A．Tur guides．B．Caches．
C．Team leaders．D．Sprts fans．
D [推理判断题。根据第一段首句可知，本文是在为运动爱好者推荐好去处。故文章是为运动迷们写的。故D项正确。]
eq \a\vs4\al(B) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·郑州市高中毕业班第二次质量预测)
My mther's phne des strange things．It rings in the middle f the night，and by the time she gets t it，there's n ne there．The last time we were talking abut this，my mther said，“It never used t happen with the ld phne．”
“Yu mean the rtary (转动的) phne? The black ne? Yu still have that？”
“Oh yeah，I have it．”
We had tw f them．One was at the bar dwnstairs and the ther was near the kitchen table upstairs．When the phne rang，I ran t answer it．I wanted t answer it．Smene smewhere thught f me，r they needed me．They tk the time t lk up my number，sit dwn and talk t me．
I remember rlling the phne crd between my fingers as I talked，just like sme ther girls．Smetimes，my eyes wuld dance as my brain drew the stry a friend was telling．I wasn't ging anywhere r ding anything because I was already smewhere and ding smething imprtant．I was listening and cnnecting．I was saying yes t this cnversatin and saying n t anything else．
When the landline was the nly line，lngdistance charges used t kick in at the city limits．My mther wuld ften say，“Yu pay by the wrd，s pick a few and say them fast．” My parents used t get up at 4 in the mrning t call relatives back hme．My memries f thse cnversatins are warm and lving．In thse few mments，there was nthing else mre imprtant．That black phne was their nly way t be tgether．
Nw we take it fr granted that we can talk t anyne anywhere．Yet we frget that making that call is abut the cnnectin．It's abut human hearts thirsting fr their lifebld．
S if yu are planning t call smene t talk，cry，celebrate r whatever，then call them．But shw them that talking t them is mre valuable than anything else．Devte yurself t the phne call fr 5 minutes，r 10 r 60．Give yurself ver t it．Fill peple's hearts and let them fill yurs．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。人们打电话是为了保持联系、联络感情，所以打电话时要用心专注。
4．What can be learned abut the authr's mther frm paragraphs 1－3?
A．She is nt satisfied with her phne．
B．She will start t use her ld phne again．
C．She can't keep up with the changing times．
D．She is surprised at the calls in the middle f the night．
A [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It never used t happen with the ld phne．”可以推断，作者的母亲借助于“旧电话从来不这样”来表达自己对新手机的不满，故A项正确。]
5．What can be inferred abut the authr while she was using her ld phne?
A．She was absentminded during calls．
B．She fcused her mind n the cnversatins．
C．She thught by playing with the phne crd．
D．She enjyed sharing stries with her friends．
B [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I was listening ．．．t anything else．”可以推断，作者用旧电话的时候专注于电话通话，故B项正确。]
6．Why did the authr's mther urge her t speak fast ver the phne?
A．She was waiting fr calls frm her relatives．
B．She wished t cut dwn n the phne bill．
C．The authr had nthing imprtant t say at all．
D．The phne was their nly way t cnnect thers．
B [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“．．．lngdistance charges used．．．‘Yu pay by the wrd，s pick a few and say them fast．’”可以推断，母亲之所以让作者打电话的时候讲快点是为了省话费，故B项正确。]
7．What des the authr want t express at the end f the passage?
A．Peple shuld make devted phne calls．
B．Peple shuld nt take anything fr granted．
C．Peple shuld call their lved nes mre ften．
D．Peple shuld nt frget their days f ld phnes．
A [写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“Devte yurself t ．．．ver t it．”可以推断，作者在最后一段想要告诉读者在打电话的时候要用心专注，故A项正确。]
eq \a\vs4\al(C) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·长春市高三质量监测)
Recently，scientific research suggests that mental health disrders affect up t 35 percent f tp athletes at sme stage f their careers．This can range frm tiredness and eating disrders t depressin and anxiety．The causes can be highly varied，with studies pinting t a range f cntributing factrs frm pr sleep t selectin pressures and early retirement due t injury．
American Simne Biles is widely cnsidered t be the greatest gymnast(体操运动员) in the United States．When the Tky 2020 Olympic Games began，she was expected t win five gld medals．But n July 27th，she pulled ut f the team final．She made the chice after having truble landing after her vault (跳跃) in the cmpetitin's first rund．Later she said her mind was nt in the right place t let her safely perfrm the difficult mves she is knwn fr．In ther wrds，her mind was nt letting her bdy d what it needed t d．Cameras caught her telling her trainers during the team final，“I just dn't trust myself．”
Biles is nt the nly Olympian in recent mnths t talk abut the pressure and mental effects f cmpeting at the highest level．Japanese tennis star Nami Osaka lst in the secnd rund f Olympic cmpetitin．She said she felt extreme pressure t win fr Japan，where the Olympics were taking place．
Few caches and fficials in sprts have an expert n understanding f mental health and the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee (IOC) als recgnizes that there is a great need fr practical assessment tls that can be used by medical prfessinals and anyne lking after athletes t prtect athletes' mental health．
“Mental health issues shuld be discussed mre penly in sprt，because athletes are always cncerned abut selectin，and they want t appear as strng as pssible，”Scientific Directr Dr．Richard Budgett says．“But in the end this may have negative effects，s we need t recgnize the symptms s that athletes can get prper management and help when they need them．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以东京奥运会美国体操名将Simne Biles退出团体决赛引出话题，谈论了运动员的心理健康问题，并呼吁相关机构多关注运动员的心理健康并给予帮助。
8．What is the scientific research abut?
A．Athletes' living habits．
B．Athletes' mental health．
C．Causes f athletes' injuries．
D．Ways t reduce athletes' pressure．
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Recently，scientific research suggests that mental health disrders．．．f their careers．”可知，本次研究是关于运动员的心理健康的，故B项正确。]
9．Why did Simne Biles quit the team final?
A．She was in a bad state f mind．
B．She was badly hurt in the first rund．
C．She was nt gd at the difficult mves．
D．She did nt live up t her trainers' requirements．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中讲到的“Later she said her mind was nt in the right place．．．she is knwn fr”可知，Biles退出团体决赛的原因是她的精神状态不好，故A项正确。]
10．What can be a slutin t athletes' mental health issues accrding t the IOC?
A．Recgnizing the symptms．
B．Discussing the issues privately．
C．Adpting suitable evaluatin tls．
D．Offering prfessinal training t caches．
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“there is a great need．．．t prtect athletes' mental health”可知，可以使用一些实用的评估工具来保护运动员的心理健康，故C项正确。]
11．What is the authr's purpse f writing the text?
A．T intrduce tw utstanding athletes．
B．T warn athletes abut the danger f anxiety．
C．T draw peple's attentin t athletes' mental health．
D．T explain the imprtance f hard training t success．
C [写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段中的“Mental health issues shuld be discussed mre penly in sprt”和“s we need t．．．when they need them”可知，本文主要讲到了对运动员心理健康的研究，旨在唤起人们对运动员心理健康的关注，故C项正确。]
Ⅱ．完形填空 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)
(2022·潍坊市高三上学期考试)
With s many flks frced t stay at hme during the pandemic，Mary O'Neill，99，was n exceptin．But as lckdwn 1 ，Mary managed t create a special friendship with her neighbur—Benjamin Olsn，aged 2．
Over time，Mary 2 thrugh the chainlink fence as Benjamin learned t walk，talk，and 3 run and play．Despite the huge difference in their 4 ， Benjamin was drawn t his elderly neighbur， 5 in her presence．
Between the tw，they 6 a game they culd play ver the chainlink fence．Benjamin wuld pass her a ball and she'd 7 it back t him with her walking stick．
“He's been 8 her ‘Mimi’，”Benjamin's mm Sarah tld CBS News．“She'll call ut‘Hey Benjamin！’when she sees him，and it's just been s 9 t watch it．”
As pandemic restrictins have 10 ， Mary and Benjamin's 11 cntinues t blssm n bth sides f the fence—nly nw，the gate pened．
Benjamin 12 Mary n her backyard steps t play games，blw bubbles，and enjy the activities that bring jy t bth the yung and the yung 13 ．
“Friendships can just 14 in s many different ways，” Sarah tld CBS．“I'm just really happy they were able t 15 this ne—quarantine (隔离) r nt，the pandemic r nt．I'm happy，because it means a lt t her and it means a lt t him t．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了由于流行病，人们被迫待在家里。在此期间，99岁的老人和邻居2岁的小孩成了朋友，他们有着一份特殊的友谊。
1．A．wre nB．caught n
C．fell apartD．brke thrugh
A [前文讲到由于流行病，许多人被迫待在家里，99岁的Mary也不例外。虽然封锁还在继续，但她有了一份特殊的友谊，故选A项。wear n“慢慢地过去，(光阴)荏苒”。]
2．A．gtB．watched
C．draggedD．escaped
B [根据空后的“Benjamin learned t walk，talk”和“run and play”可知，这是孩子的成长过程，由此可推知Mary看着(watched) Benjamin成长。故选B项。]
3．A．apparentlyB．carefully
C．attentivelyD．eventually
D [根据语境和常识可知，Benjamin先学会了走路、说话，最终(eventually)学会了跑和玩耍。故选D项。]
4．A．agesB．respnses
C．viewsD．habits
A [根据语境可知，他们一个99岁，一个2岁，尽管年龄(ages)相差很大，Benjamin还是被这位年长的邻居吸引住了，在她面前他很高兴(jyful)。故选A项。]
5．A．restlessB．prud
C．jyfulD．awkward
C [参见上题解析。]
6．A．develpedB．wn
C．selectedD．prvided
A [根据空后的“they culd play ver the chainlink fence”可知，这一老一少开发了(develped)一个他们可以通过钢丝网眼栅栏玩的游戏。故选A项。]
7．A．fetchB．hit
C．thrwD．put
B [根据前面的“pass her a ball”可推知，孩子把球传给她，她就用手杖把球击回给他。故选B项“击(球)”。]
8．A．askingB．calling
C．makingD．chsing
B [根据语境和下文的“She'll call ut”可知，孩子一直称呼Mary为“Mimi”。故选B项。]
9．A．bviusB．easy
C．cuteD．unique
C [根据生活常识和前文的“She'll call ut‘Hey Benjamin！’when she sees him”可知，当我们看到这一幕的时候，我们会觉得非常可爱(cute)，故选C项。]
10．A．wrsenedB．begun
C．liftedD．risen
C [根据本段中的“nly nw，the gate pened”可推知，流行病封锁解除(lifted)了。故选C项。]
11．A．faithB．passin
C．leisureD．bnd
D [根据空后的“cntinues t blssm n bth sides f the fence”可知流行病封锁解除后，老人Mary和孩子Benjamin的关系(bnd)在栅栏两边继续发展。故选D项。]
12．A．cnsultsB．fllws
C．pursuesD．jins
D [根据空后的“n her backyard steps t play games，blw bubbles”可推知，孩子 Benjamin加入(jins)进来，与Mary一起在她家后院的台阶上玩游戏、吹泡泡。故选D项。]
13．A．at heartB．n ft
C．by handD．in sight
A [根据语境可知，老人Mary和孩子Benjamin一起玩游戏、吹泡泡，心态比较年轻。此处表示给年轻人和内心(at heart)年轻的人都带来快乐的活动，故选A项。]
14．A．deepenB．happen
C．ceaseD．renew
B [根据语境可知，友谊有很多种不同的形成方式，故选B项。]
15．A．treasureB．keep
C．frmD．cntinue
C [根据语境可知，这一老一少结下了(frm)这一特殊的友谊。故选C项。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时13分钟）)
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测)
假定你是李华，你校开展了社会实践系列活动，你参加了其中的烹饪课。请你写一封邮件，向你的外国笔友Thmas介绍以下内容：
1．活动目的；
2．课程介绍；
3．感悟收获。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
[参考范文]
Dear Thmas，
Hw are yu recently? Nw I'm delighted t share my schl life with yu．
In rder t enrich ur scial experiences，varius activities were held and I picked the cking class where we culd learn surces f fd，basic knife skills，fd decrating and traditinal cking methds．Thrugh this class，we can really experience hw valuable a dish is frm a seed t fd．Nw we're becming mre aware f fd waste prblems．
Hw is yur schl life? Lking frward t hearing frm yu．
Yurs，
Li Hua
课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·太原市高三统考)
My phne beeped as I clsed the passenger dr．I knew that the text was frm my friend，Rbin，a pet．But I did nt want t read it．
Rbin had recently submitted her manuscript t several publishers and she expected a respnse frm ne sn．Frm my view，her writing life was already charmed：wrk at a celebrated wrkshp and publish articles in literary jurnals．I was waiting t hear back frm sme bk cnsultants．Three weeks had passed since I had sent them sme manuscript pages．I'd returned t my state f frustratin (沮丧) and the familiar misery．
I needed my phne fr navigatin，s I had n chice but t lk at the screen．“I have news．” It was Rbin．“Gd news ．．．” My insides shk as I sat waiting fr my husband．Can we escape?
As I lnged fr sme f Rbin's magic t wear ff，I had t figure ut hw t respnd t her text，hw t be a friend．“Is it abut yur manuscript？”“Yes！” she answered．“We can talk later but I have a bk cming ut next year! I'm in shck！”I cried，quietly．I dug deep t find the wrds friendship called fr —“wnderful”“amazing”“extremely talented”．But as I texted，each wrd felt pathetic．This time，jealusy had put a valuable friendship at risk．T vercme it，I had t face the fact that Rbin had achieved smething I culd nt．Nne f my excuses—the demands f mtherhd，financial pressure，“I'm nt gd at this”—seemed t hld up anymre．
Tw days later，I wrte t the cnsulting cmpany again．They respnded，“The writing is really gd．” I was verjyed．Rbin and I are still stairs apart n the writingsuccess ladder，but all fur f ur feet are mving upward．After her bk was released，she and I met ver beers．I asked abut her writing prcess；hw did she create her bk． A clue: it wasn't magic．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的朋友Rbin是一名诗人，她常在文学期刊上发表文章，明年将出版新书。与她相比，作者的投稿常石沉大海。受到朋友成功的鼓励，作者决定继续投稿，并得到了回复。
1．Why was the authr unwilling t read the text?
A．Because she was t busy t read it．
B．Because she knew Rbin's respnse well．
C．Because she feared Rbin's gd news．
D．Because she didn't knw it was frm Rbin．
C [推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，当作者得知Rbin有好消息时，心里直打颤，想逃避；根据第四段中的“This time，jealusy had put a valuable friendship at risk．”可知，这一次嫉妒把一段宝贵的友谊置于危险之中。据此可以推知，作者不愿意看Rbin的信息是因为心怀嫉妒，害怕Rbin的好消息。]
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Rbin's achievements in her writing life．
B．The huge gap between Rbin and the authr．
C．Rbin's cntributin t the authr's success．
D．The authr's feelings abut Rbin's literature．
B [段落大意题。通读第二段可知，该段描写了作者和她的朋友Rbin之间的巨大差距：Rbin常在文学期刊上发表文章，而作者的投稿常石沉大海，这让作者处于沮丧和熟悉的痛苦状态。]
3．What des the underlined wrd “pathetic” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Delightful．B．Astnishing．
C．Cnfusing．D．Useless．
D [词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句“This time，jealusy had put a valuable friendship at risk．”可知，这一次嫉妒把一段宝贵的友谊置于危险之中；结合画线词所在的句子可知，当作者回复她朋友的短信时，会想到一些赞美的词。但当她编辑信息时，发现这些词都没有用。useless意为“无用的”。]
4．What can we infer abut Rbin's bk frm the last paragraph?
A．It was abut magic．
B．It tk great effrts．
C．It made the authr jealus．
D．It was an immediate success．
B [推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句可知，当作者问及Rbin如何创作这本书时，她告诉作者这不是魔法。据此可以判断，Rbin创作这本书需要很大的努力。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·豫北名校联考)
Are peple less r mre happy when they get lder? A study in 2018 fund that peple generally became happier and experienced less wrry after the age f 50．In fact，it fund that by the age f 85，peple were happier with their life than they were at 18．
Arthur Stne in the Department f Psychiatry and Behaviral Science at Stny Brk University in New Yrk led the study．His team fund that levels f stress were the highest amng adults between the ages f 22 and 25． 1
Happiness was the highest amng the yungest adults and thse in their early 70's．But the peple least likely t reprt feeling negative emtins were thse in their 70's and 80's．The survey als fund that men and wmen had similar emtinal patterns as they grew lder． 2
The researchers als cnsidered pssible influences like having yung children，being unemplyed r being single．But they fund that influences like these did nt affect the levels f happiness and wellbeing related t age．
3 One thery is that，as peple get lder，they becme mre thankful fr what they have and have better cntrl f their emtins．They als spend less time thinking abut bad experiences．
4 In anther study，peple in their 80's reprted the fewest prblems with the quality f their sleep．The riginal gal was t cnfirm the ppular belief that aging is cnnected with increased sleep prblems． 5 But except fr that，peple reprted that they felt their sleep quality imprved as they gt lder．
A．S why will happiness increase with age?
B．Researchers surveyed mre than 150，000 American adults．
C．At that time，the peple were between the age f 18 and 25．
D．Stress levels drpped sharply after peple reached their 50's．
E．Happiness is nt the nly thing that apparently imprves with age．
F．The survey did find an increase during middle age，especially in wmen．
G．Hwever，wmen at all ages reprted mre sadness，stress and wrry than men．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人们在年老之后更加快乐、更少担心。
1．D [考查上下文衔接。设空处位于第二段最后一句，设空前一句说了研究团队关于压力水平的发现，即最高的压力水平出现在哪些年龄段，所以该空可能与压力水平的下降有关。故选D。]
2．G [考查上下文衔接。该空前一句说的是随着年龄的增长，男人和女人有相似的情绪模式，所以此处应接着说基于男女对比的研究发现。故选G。]
3．A [考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首。根据后面的解释(一个理论认为，人变老时会变得对他们所拥有的事物更加感激，而且能更好地控制情绪)可知，A项“那么为什么幸福感会随着年龄增加？”符合语境。故选A。]
4．E [考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首，根据后面的内容可知，人们到了80多岁的时候，睡眠质量问题最少，这是随着变老出现的又一个好处。故选E。]
5．F [考查上下文衔接。前一句说，有个流行的观点认为，随着年龄的增长，睡眠问题应该增加。而空后“But”表转折，故可推知此空和前一句为顺承关系，应与睡眠问题的增加有关，故选F。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·石家庄市毕业班教学质量检测)
Originating in the Yuan Dynasty (12711368)，Kunqu Opera is said t be the mther f all Chinese peras and is ne f the ldest frms f pera still 1． (exist) in China．This traditinal art was named fr its birthplace，Kunshan，2． is near the city f Suzhu in tday's Jiangsu Prvince．
The develpment f Kunqu Opera went thrugh several 3． (stage)．In the early days，the sngs were 4． (main) cmpsed f lng and shrt lines．In the Ming Dynasty (13681644)，5． (refrm) by Wei Liangfu，Kunqu Opera became mild，smth and 6． (attract)．The perfrmers attached great 7． (imprtant) t clear recitatin，crrect singing and pure tunes．Meanwhile，the cmpsers wrte the musical scres after wrking ut the tunes，and the sngs 8． (write) in sevencharacter r tencharacter lines．Mrever，three types f musical instruments (stringed instruments，bamb flutes，and drums and clappers) frmed the accmpaniment．
Kunqu Opera is acknwledged as 9． elegant pera．Carrying frward the traditin f ancient petry and cmmn speech，the art is als 10． very high literary value．
In 2001，the United Natins Educatinal，Scientific and Cultural Organizatin (UNESCO) annunced Kunqu Opera as a masterpiece f the Oral and Intangible Heritage f Humanity．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昆曲的起源和发展。
1．existing [考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语，exist与其逻辑主语pera之间是主谓关系，所以空处填existing。]
2．which [考查关系词。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示“物”的名词Kunshan，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处应该填which。]
3．stages [考查名词复数。stage“阶段，时期”是可数名词，根据空前的“several”可知，此处需要用名词复数，所以空处填stages。]
4．mainly [考查副词。此处修饰动词短语were cmpsed f，需要用副词，所以空处填mainly。]
5．refrmed [考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语动词，refrm与其逻辑主语Kunqu Opera之间构成动宾关系，所以空处填refrmed。]
6．attractive [考查词性转换。此处与前面的mild和smth并列，同作became的表语，所以空处填attractive。]
7．imprtance [考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达attach great imprtance t，意为“高度重视”，所以空处填imprtance。]
8．were written [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作and后的并列分句的谓语。根据前面的并列分句的时态可知，此处需用一般过去时；主语the sngs与write之间为被动关系；主语the sngs为复数形式，所以空处填were written。]
9．an [考查冠词。此处表示昆曲被认为是一种高雅的歌剧，表泛指；空后的elegant的发音以元音音素开头，所以空处填an。]
10．f [考查介词。此处考查固定搭配be f＋n．，相当于“be＋adj．”结构，所以空处填f。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·福州检测)
It was my twelfth birthday，and what I really wanted mst was a new bicycle．But I knew that my family culdn't affrd ne，s I settled fr a bedside table with lckable drawers，safe places t keep my private stuff．
We went t the charity shp where we fund an ld dark ne．It didn't lk t cl，but I thught that I wuld paint it t make it lk better．
After we tk it hme，I was getting ready t paint it．When I pulled the drawers ut，I felt smething stuck t the back f a drawer．I reached in the drawer all the way，and guess what? A sealed bag with sme papers was in it．
When I pened the bag，I realized that the papers were fficial dcuments．And，wrapped in them was a bunch f ten and twenty dllar bills! Talk abut finding a treasure！And n my birthday!
“Is this sme kind f jke？”I said alud．I went ahead and read the papers，and they turned ut t be a will．Sme ld lady was leaving her savings fr her sn and grandchildren．
I was ging crazy．Was I the luckiest twelveyearld ever? With this mney I culd buy the clest bicycle．Wh knws?
I began cunting．When I reached a thusand dllars，my mther was kncking n my bedrm dr．I quickly clsed the drawer with the mney in it．
“D yu want sme help? Is everything all right？” she asked．
N，everything was nt right．Actually，my stmach was grwling(低吼)．
“I'm kay，” I lied．
When my mther left my rm，I lay n my bed，starting thinking．What a dilemma (窘境)! I wished there were smene I culd talk with．Culd I keep it and get all kinds f stuff fr me and my family? It wuldn't be t bad fr me t keep it，if I shared it．．．right? Thughts ran thrugh my mind．But I really didn't need smene else t give me the answer．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I finally made a decisin and called my parents int my bedrm．
Thugh surprised，the shp wner helped find the family's telephne number．
【写作思路】
文章大意：作者12岁生日之际想要买一辆自行车，可是家里不够富裕，于是作者只好接受床头柜作为生日礼物。作者和家人从慈善商店买了一个旧的床头柜，回家以后，作者发现里面有一份遗嘱，且有很多钞票。正当作者数到1 000美元的时候，作者的妈妈敲门了……这些钱该何去何从呢？
谋篇布局：续写第一段——结合所给提示句可知，作者做出了决定，于是把父母叫进了自己的卧室。因此，本段应首先描述父母看到这些钱时的反应以及作者一家人对如何处理这些钱进行的商讨。
续写第二段——结合所给提示句可知，商店老板答应帮作者寻找钱的主人。再结合故事发展脉络可知，本段应该会讲到商店老板帮作者找到了钱的主人，遗产最终物归原主。考生在续写的时候应注意在保持故事逻辑性的同时升华主题。
[参考范文]
I finally made a decisin and called my parents int my bedrm．They bth were ttally shcked when they saw the dllar bills lying n the table．Then I briefly explained what had happened and asked abut what we shuld d with the mney．After sme brief thinking，Mm said，“We'd better return the mney t her sn r grandchildren．” We all agreed and decided t turn t the shp wner fr help．Dad shwed the will and mney t the shp wner，asking him t help find the cntact infrmatin f the lady's family．
Thugh surprised，the shp wner helped find the family's telephne number． The ne wh answered the phne was the lady's grandsn．He culdn't believe what he had heard as his grandmther had passed away fr frty years．I tld him the address f my hme．Tw hurs later，he arrived．He recgnized the bedside table the mment he saw it．He thanked us and insisted that we shuld keep sme mney but was declined．There culdn't be a better birthday gift than returning smething t its riginal wner especially after frty years．
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2021·北京卷)The man jumped up and grabbed the child just befre he fell ut．
2．(心理描写)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Nervusness and fear were replaced with jy．
3．(景物描写)(2022·台州市质量评估)It was a cld yet sunny Saturday mrning in February．
(2022·潍坊市阶段性监测)Withut thinking twice，Steven jumped int the water and swam twards the tw kids with all his effrts．But after realizing he culdn't keep up with bth kids，he was faced with a heartbrken decisin．
核心单词·语境运用小检测
1．They talked easily abut a range f tpics(tpic)．
2．Her eyes flashed(flash)，but she held up a hand．“Let me finish．”
3．The wrld champin has nly had tw defeats(defeat) in 20 fights．
4．Our hrse had t be destryed(destry) after breaking his right freleg．
5．This is just ne f a whle cmplex f issues(issue)．
6．He always stayed after schl t straighten(straighten) chairs and mp the flr．
7．He pcketed a wallet cntaining(cntain) ￡40 cash frm the bedside f a dead man．
8．Unfrtunately，grandma always seems t awaken(awaken) at awkward mments．
9．The bk was launched(launch) last year in paperback with an initial print run f 7，000 cpies．
10．It is a great film and it features(feature) a Spanish actr wh is ging t be a wrld star within a year．
派生单词·语境运用小检测
1．He described the rbbery in detail t the pliceman and his descriptin was very valuable—the plice caught the rbber in a shrt time．(describe)
2．He knew I cllected match bxes and asked me whether my cllectin was grwing．(cllect)
3．And，even if I weren't excited enugh abut free credits，news abut ur instructr was appealing (appeal) enugh t me．
4．(2021·全国甲卷)Furthermre，guzheng is f great significance(significant)t Chinese flk music, leading yu t a fantastic wrld f music．
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Regardless f the risk f getting infected，Uncle Li is respnsible and devted (devte) t his jb．
6．(2022·浙江1月卷)I hped he wuldn't assign me t wrk with the fiercely cmpetitive and extremely(extreme) serius fellw wh always wre dark clthes．
7．It's an amazing accmplishment(accmplish) and ne we cannt achieve withut generus supprt．
8．He was really cnfused by the cnfusing prblem which als cnfused ther peple fr a lng time．(cnfuse)
9．Uncle Wang is a kind and generus ld man and he generusly cntributed a lt f mney t the village primary schl last week．His genersity is wrth admiring．(generus)
10．Frm the determined expressin n his face，we knew that he was determined t take up the jb，which needed great patience and determinatin．(determine)
高频短语·语境运用小检测
devte neself t，in stre fr，draw n，in summary，be n the pint f，clear up，appeal t，be capable f，be gd at，hld n
1．In summary，this was a disappinting perfrmance．
2．If he can just hld n a little lnger，we can get help t him．
3．I was n the pint f ding my wrk when the light went ut．
4．If we devte urselves t a task，we have every reasn t d it well．
5．He is nt gd at talking but he gets alng well with ther peple．
6．If she had knwn what lay in stre fr her，she wuld never have agreed t g．
7．He drew n his experience as a mnitr t cmmunicate with all the teachers．
8．In summary，Internet literature appeals t mre and mre peple at present．
9．Human beings differ frm animals in that the frmer is capable f using language．
10．Mrs．Smith finds it hard t clear up the mess，as her children are always in the way whenever she tries t．
重点句式·语境运用小检测
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)最让我印象深刻的是以绿色为主题的艺术表演，我欣赏了你们的民族舞蹈和世界著名的爱尔兰竖琴表演。(what引导主语从句)
What impressed me mst was the greenthemed artistic perfrmance，where I enjyed yur flk dance and wrldfamus Irish Harp perfrmance．
2．她正在厨房准备晚餐，这时她听到有人尖声喊救命。(be ding．．．when．．．)
She was preparing supper in the kitchen when she heard smene screaming fr help．
3．我们国家以前从未像现在这么繁荣富强过。(否定词位于句首的部分倒装)
Never befre has ur cuntry been s prsperus and pwerful as it is tday．
4．随着冬天的临近，是时候买保暖的衣服了。(with复合结构)
With winter appraching，it's time t buy warm clthes．
1
appeal [课本义]vi．有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁 [增补义]vi．恳请n．恳求
2
determine [课本义]vt．确定；支配；决心 vi．决心 [增补义]vt．查明；裁决
3
reflect [课本义]vt．& vi．反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 [增补义]vi．思考 vt．映射；思考
4
cntain vt．[课本义]包含，含有，容纳 [增补义]防止……蔓延(或恶化)；控制，克制；抑制
5
particular[课本义]adj．特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的 [增补义]adj．详尽的；特定的 n．详情；细目
6
attempt vt．& n．努力，尝试，试图
7
cnfused adj．[课本义]糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 [增补义](人)不能清晰思考的；不知所措的
8
devte neself t [课本义]致力，专心，献身 [增补义]从事于……
9
[教材原句]A child and a man were walking n the beach when the child fund a shell and held it t his ear．一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，并把它放到了耳边。
10
[教材原句]The fish righted himself and swam ff again slwly with the great tail weaving in the air．鱼挺直身子，又慢慢地游开了，大尾巴在海面上摇摆着。
人物描写
动作描写
sensitive，mean，
genersity，cnfused
devte neself t，determine，
draw n，destry，attempt，
accmplish
①(2021·天津3月卷)The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January．
②We appealed t all students and teachers t keep (keep) the envirnment clean and t make ur schl a beautiful hme．
③The plice are appealing t the public fr infrmatin abut the crime．
④I am writing t appeal/make an appeal t everyne t take an active part in(呼吁大家积极参加) building a beautiful campus．
appeal t 呼吁；上诉；恳求；对……有吸引力，使……感兴趣
appeal t sb．t d sth．呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appeal t sb．fr sth．＝make an appeal t sb．fr sth．为某事而向某人呼吁
make an appeal t sb．t d sth．呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appealing adj．吸引人的；引起兴趣的
appeal fr mercy/sympathy请求宽恕/同情
have much appeal fr me 对我有很大的吸引力
appeal t his cuntrymen nt t lse heart呼吁他的同胞不要丧失信心
①(2021·浙江1月卷)Unfrtunately we frgt t weigh them befre taking ut their insides，but I was determined t prve(prve) my pint．
②I have determined n/upn wrking as a vlunteer teacher in the cuntryside after graduatin．
③With strng determinatin，ne is able t vercme whatever hardships and dangers he may encunter．
④(2021·浙江6月卷)Hearing my parents quarreling abut hw t cver next mnth's family expenses，I (was) determined t cntribute the 119 dllars t my family(决定把这119美元贡献给家人)．
determine n/upn(ding) sth．决定(做)某事
determine t d sth．决定做某事(表示动作)
be determined t d sth．决心做某事(表示状态)
determinatin n．决心；确定；查明
with determinatin坚决地；果断地
determine the exact cause f the illness 断定致病的确切原因
determine me t drink and smke n mre使我决定不再抽烟喝酒
determine n/upn ging t the cuntryside after graduatin 决定毕业后到农村去
①I decided t sit back and relax，reflecting n/upn the wnderful mments that I did have．
②She culd see her face reflected(reflect) in the water．
③(2021·浙江卷)I verheard my parents quarreling abut family expenses，and n/upn reflectin(再三思考之后)，I tk ut the mney and presented it t my dad．
reflect．．．in．．．在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflect n/upn sth．认真思考/反省某事
reflectin n．思考；映射；反射；倒影
n reflectin 经再三考虑
be reflected in the water 倒映在水中
reflect n what answer t give 仔细考虑怎么答复
reflect the pinins f the children 反映儿童们的看法
①The bx cntains(cntain) a number f letters，including(include) thse frm her admirers and her husband's letters included(include) as well．
②He was s excited that he culd hardly cntain himself(he)．
③Unable t cntain his anger(无法克制自己的愤怒)，he turned arund and rared angrily，“Wh n earth did it？”
cntain neself 克制自己
cntainer n．容器；集装箱；货柜
include＋n．/prn．/动词ing包括……
including＋被包括的一部分＝被包括的一部分＋included 包括……
cntain his fear抑制住他的恐惧
cntain prtein and fat含蛋白质和脂肪
cntain tw hundred students容纳200名学生
①She is s particular abut her husewrk that servants will nt wrk fr her．
②When yu attend yur friend's dinner party in China，yu'd better behave prperly，particularly paying attentin t yur table manners/paying attentin t yur table manners in particular(尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪)．
be particular abut．．．对……讲究/挑剔
in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别；格外
a particular case一种特殊情况
be particular abut what ne eats and drinks讲究吃喝
a particular accunt f the accident一份全面而详尽的事故报告
①Jim had prepared carefully fr his driving test s that he culd be sure f passing it at the first attempt．
②The man was being questined abut the attempted (attempt) murder last night．
③We made an attempt t/attempted t make ut the way(试图认出路) back hme in the darkness，but in vain．
attempt t d sth．＝make an attempt t d sth． 打算/企图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
attempted adj．未遂的，企图的
after repeated attempts反复尝试之后
attempt t get in tuch with them 试图和他们联系
make a desperate attempt t find survivrs f the accident 拼命寻找事故幸存者
①Peple are cnfused abut all the different labels n fd these days．
②What yu said at the meeting was really cnfusing(cnfuse)．
③The ld man is always cnfusing the by with his twin brther(总是把这个男孩和他的双胞胎弟弟弄混)．
④(普通表达)He was cnfused with the present situatin s he was at a lss what t d next．
(高级表达)Cnfused with the present situatin，he was at a lss what t d next．(形容词短语作状语)
be/get cnfused abut．．．对……感到迷惑
cnfuse vt．使迷惑；混淆
cnfuse sb．with sth．因某事而使某人糊涂
cnfuse A and/with B 把A跟B混淆
cnfusing adj．令人迷惑的
cnfusin n．迷惑，混乱；令人迷惑的事情
be cnfusing t the user让使用者迷惑不解
cnfuse frm and/with substance把形式同实质混淆
be cnfused abut what had just happened对刚发生的事完全摸不着头脑
①Befre the exam，I devted myself t preparing(prepare) fr it．
②Only when we realize the imprtance f helping each ther can we be devted t building a harmnius sciety．
③(普通表达)The yung lady devtes herself t teaching the deaf children，s she has little time t care fr her wn daughter．
(高级表达)Devting herself t teaching the deaf children/Devted t teaching the deaf children，the yung lady has little time t care fr her wn daughter．(分词作状语)
devte t．．．从事于；奉献于……
devte．．．t．．．把……用于……
be devted t (ding) sth．专心于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事
devte everything we have 奉献我们的一切
devte neself t literature献身于文学
devte a great sum f mney t bks花了一大笔钱买书
devte urselves faithfully t the duties忠诚地献身于职责
①She was walking(walk) alng the bank f the river when she heard a cry fr help．
②I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang．
③I was abut t pick up/was n the pint f picking up the pieces f glass when I heard(刚要去捡起玻璃碎片就听到) my mm's vice，“What's happening？”
be ding．．．when．．．正在做……这时……
be abut t d．．．/ be n the pint f ding．．．when．．．正要做……这时……
had just dne．．．when．．．刚做了……这时……
She was n the pint f ging t bed when there was a pwer failure．她刚要去睡觉，这时突然停电了。
①Clse t the schl there was a beautiful park with many trees arund it．
②With a lcal guide leading(lead) the way，we gt there easily．
③With mre and mre trees cut(cut) dwn，sme animals are facing the danger f dying ut．
④(普通表达)I have an imprtant class meeting t attend，s I can't accmpany yu t the bkstre．
(高级表达)With an imprtant class meeting t attend，I can't accmpany yu t the bkstre．(with复合结构)
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构可构成with的复合结构，在句中常作伴随、原因、方式等状语。
with＋名词/代词＋ding (ding表主动或正在进行的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋dne (dne表被动或已完成的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋t d (t d表将来的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋介词短语/adj．/adv．(表宾语的性质或状态)
All f us were hard at wrk at the kitchen table，with my mm filming the annual event．我们所有人都在厨房的餐桌前忙碌，我妈妈在拍摄这个一年一度的活动。
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The gvernment is appealing t everyne t save (save) water．
2．They were determined t figure(figure) ut what was wrng with the machine with the help f Tm．
3．I am nt familiar with Jim，but his music reflects (reflect) his interest in African culture．
4．I dn't knw hw much il is in this ld cntainer(cntain)．
5．In India，particularly(particular) utside cities，yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband's family when they get married．
6．She was sentenced t twenty years' imprisnment fr attempted(attempt) murder．
7．The statement is really cnfusing(cnfuse) and many f us can't understand it．
8．Neighbrs devted their spare time t helping(help) thers rebuild hmes．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．Created by artists with great prestige，these wrks appeal t many peple wh have a preference fr abstract art．
2．I have determined n/upn spending my hliday at hme．
3．She ften spends sme time reflecting n/upn her successes and failures．
4．She lves the sng in particular，because her mther used t sing it．
5．I will make an attempt t answer all yur questins．
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．T draw(draw) maps prperly，yu need a special pen．
2．Whether the building shuld be pulled (pull) dwn has remained cntrversial．
3．There were times when the challenges f writing such a huge nvel almst defeated(defeat) her．
4．She usually writes abut sme envirnmental issues (issue)．
5．The new mdel will be launched (launch) in July next year．
6．This species has nearly died ut because its habitat is being destryed (destry) nw．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．T her jy，there was a flash f light in the distance．
2．There is n dubt that the cnsumers are still very sensitive t the classic nvels．
3．I am lking fr my glasses，withut which I can't watch TV clearly．
4．Dn't reach fr a cffee! Instead，take a nap—a very shrt sleep．
5．He's always been mean with mney，which makes him have few friends．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·全国乙卷)In Wickenden's bk．．．A hairraising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads，which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies，ften in blinding snwstrms．C
A．部门
B．部件，散件
C．(书、报等的)章节
2．(2020·江苏卷)In lking int the stries f bilgical discvery，I als began t find smething else，a cllectin f scientists，usually brilliant，ccasinally halfmad，wh made the discveries．C
A．(同类)收藏品
B．募捐
C．一批物品；一群人
3．(2020·江苏卷)Humr als transprts yur mind away frm yur daily trubles．A
A．使产生身临其境的感觉
B．运输，运送
C．交通车辆
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·全国乙卷)First annunced in April，2016，the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml，was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖)．
句中 First annunced in April，2016为过去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语为tax；which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 tax；cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml是动词ing形式短语作后置定语；t help reduce childhd besity是不定式短语表目的。
[尝试翻译]该税收政策于2016 年4月首次宣布，适用于每100 毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，实施该政策旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)Yet prperly understd，the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam，which began a century earlier．
句中which began a century earlier为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the age f steam。
[尝试翻译]然而，准确地说，电力时代只是一个世纪前开始的蒸汽时代的第二个阶段。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Marines is a nble man 1．belnging(belng) t the upper class．He devtes 2．himself(he) t literature and has made significant 3．achievements(achieve)．He has 4．a large cllectin f bks，cntaining sme classic nvels 5．written(write) by famus writers．He has a sensitive sul and believes that n ne knws what life has in stre 6．fr them．Therefre，he appeals t ther authrs 7．t dnate(dnate) sme f their bks t lcal libraries fr the benefit f ther residents，as knwledge is the surce f scial develpment．Peple in his twn admire him fr his 8．genersity(generus)．They recmmend that a bigraphy shuld 9．be written(write) fr him after his death，10．which reflects their earnest respect fr him．
Step 1．写作要点(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①五年前，一场非常大的地震袭击了这座城市。
Five years ag，an extremely big earthquake struck the city．
②它摧毁了许多建筑物，造成了许多伤亡。
It destryed many buildings and caused many deaths and injuries．
③高尚的士兵们清理了废墟，并尽力帮助当地人民。
The nble sldiers cleared up the ruins and attempted t d all they culd t help the lcal peple．
④他们相信他们一定能战胜这场自然灾害。
They believed that they were sure t defeat the natural disaster．
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Five years ag，an extremely big earthquake struck the city．As a result，it destryed many buildings and caused many deaths and injuries．The nble sldiers cleared up the ruins and attempted t d all they culd t help the lcal peple．Therefre，they believed that they were sure t defeat the natural disaster．
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
为了买他最喜欢的乐器，约翰决定利用这个假期来赚些钱。所以他致力于做农场的工作。两周后，工作结束了。看着自己的收入，他既欣喜又兴奋。但父亲的话摧毁了他的梦想。他很困惑，并且自言自语道：“为什么我的收入不是我的？”敏感的母亲意识到了这一点。她拍了拍他的肩膀说：“你可以自由地使用自己的薪水。”听到这些，约翰兴奋得一句话都说不出来。他很感激母亲的慷慨和理解。
In an attempt t buy his favurite instrument，Jhn determined t draw n this hliday t earn sme mney．S he devted himself t ding the farm wrk．Tw weeks later，the wrk was ver．Seeing his earnings，he was verjyed and excited．But his father's wrds destryed his dream．He was cnfused，and said t himself，“Why my earnings nt be mine？”The sensitive mther was aware f this．She patted him n the shulder and said，“Yu can use yur wn salary freely．”Hearing this，Jhn was t excited t say a wrd．He appreciated his mther's genersity and understanding．
课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
eq \a\vs4\al(A) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时6分钟）)
(2022·泉州市高中毕业班质量监测)
San Francisc Bay Area is a great place t visit if yu're a sprts fan，as yu'll find several events all year rund and plenty f team pride．If yu are anywhere clse t the area during a game，these fantastic sprts events are here fr yu．
San Francisc Giants Baseball
The San Francisc Giants Baseball team plays in San Francisc at Oracle Park．This is a fun ballpark because it's always packed with great energy and ffers views f the bay．It's ne f the mst ppular San Francisc sprts events．The Giants are part f the Natinal League West Divisin．Since their arrival here in 1958，they have been Wrld Series Champins three times．
Glden State Warrirs Basketball
The fan base f the Glden State Warrirs is distributed in the whle San Francisc Bay Area as it is this regin's nly NBA team．Their regular seasn runs frm late Octber thrugh mid April，and all hme games are played at the Chase Center in San Francisc．In ttal，the Warrirs has wn seven NBA champinships．
San Francisc 49ers Ftball
The 49ers are San Francisc's NFL team，thugh they have recently mved t Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara，abut an hur's drive t suth f San Francisc．The ftball team was named fr the prspectrs (探矿者) wh arrived in the area in 1849 fr the Gld Rush．They've wn 5 Super Bwl champinships，all between 1981 and 1994．
San Jse Sharks Hckey
The San Jse Sharks represent the Bay Area in hckey (曲棍球)．They were funded in 1991 as the nly Bay Area team t cmpete in the NHL．Sharks' fans lve ging t these San Francisc sprts events at the SAP Center，which they call the Shark Tank，lcated abut an hur's drive t sutheast f San Francisc．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是有关旧金山湾区体育赛事地点的介绍。
1．Which team nce wn the wrld champinship?
A．The Giants．B．The Glden State Warrirs．
C．The 49ers．D．The San Jse Sharks．
A [细节理解题。根据San Francisc Giants Baseball部分中的尾句可知，自1958年以来，The Giants已经三次获得世界职业棒球大赛冠军。故A项正确。]
2．Which f the fllwing is basketball fans' favurite?
A．Oracle Park．B．The Chase Center．
C．Levi's Stadium．D．The SAP Center．
B [细节理解题。根据题干中的basketball定位到Glden State Warrirs Basketball部分。该部分中出现的the Chase Center就是篮球迷们最喜欢的地方。故B项正确。]
3．Wh is the text intended fr?
A．Tur guides．B．Caches．
C．Team leaders．D．Sprts fans．
D [推理判断题。根据第一段首句可知，本文是在为运动爱好者推荐好去处。故文章是为运动迷们写的。故D项正确。]
eq \a\vs4\al(B) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·郑州市高中毕业班第二次质量预测)
My mther's phne des strange things．It rings in the middle f the night，and by the time she gets t it，there's n ne there．The last time we were talking abut this，my mther said，“It never used t happen with the ld phne．”
“Yu mean the rtary (转动的) phne? The black ne? Yu still have that？”
“Oh yeah，I have it．”
We had tw f them．One was at the bar dwnstairs and the ther was near the kitchen table upstairs．When the phne rang，I ran t answer it．I wanted t answer it．Smene smewhere thught f me，r they needed me．They tk the time t lk up my number，sit dwn and talk t me．
I remember rlling the phne crd between my fingers as I talked，just like sme ther girls．Smetimes，my eyes wuld dance as my brain drew the stry a friend was telling．I wasn't ging anywhere r ding anything because I was already smewhere and ding smething imprtant．I was listening and cnnecting．I was saying yes t this cnversatin and saying n t anything else．
When the landline was the nly line，lngdistance charges used t kick in at the city limits．My mther wuld ften say，“Yu pay by the wrd，s pick a few and say them fast．” My parents used t get up at 4 in the mrning t call relatives back hme．My memries f thse cnversatins are warm and lving．In thse few mments，there was nthing else mre imprtant．That black phne was their nly way t be tgether．
Nw we take it fr granted that we can talk t anyne anywhere．Yet we frget that making that call is abut the cnnectin．It's abut human hearts thirsting fr their lifebld．
S if yu are planning t call smene t talk，cry，celebrate r whatever，then call them．But shw them that talking t them is mre valuable than anything else．Devte yurself t the phne call fr 5 minutes，r 10 r 60．Give yurself ver t it．Fill peple's hearts and let them fill yurs．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。人们打电话是为了保持联系、联络感情，所以打电话时要用心专注。
4．What can be learned abut the authr's mther frm paragraphs 1－3?
A．She is nt satisfied with her phne．
B．She will start t use her ld phne again．
C．She can't keep up with the changing times．
D．She is surprised at the calls in the middle f the night．
A [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It never used t happen with the ld phne．”可以推断，作者的母亲借助于“旧电话从来不这样”来表达自己对新手机的不满，故A项正确。]
5．What can be inferred abut the authr while she was using her ld phne?
A．She was absentminded during calls．
B．She fcused her mind n the cnversatins．
C．She thught by playing with the phne crd．
D．She enjyed sharing stries with her friends．
B [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I was listening ．．．t anything else．”可以推断，作者用旧电话的时候专注于电话通话，故B项正确。]
6．Why did the authr's mther urge her t speak fast ver the phne?
A．She was waiting fr calls frm her relatives．
B．She wished t cut dwn n the phne bill．
C．The authr had nthing imprtant t say at all．
D．The phne was their nly way t cnnect thers．
B [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“．．．lngdistance charges used．．．‘Yu pay by the wrd，s pick a few and say them fast．’”可以推断，母亲之所以让作者打电话的时候讲快点是为了省话费，故B项正确。]
7．What des the authr want t express at the end f the passage?
A．Peple shuld make devted phne calls．
B．Peple shuld nt take anything fr granted．
C．Peple shuld call their lved nes mre ften．
D．Peple shuld nt frget their days f ld phnes．
A [写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“Devte yurself t ．．．ver t it．”可以推断，作者在最后一段想要告诉读者在打电话的时候要用心专注，故A项正确。]
eq \a\vs4\al(C) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·长春市高三质量监测)
Recently，scientific research suggests that mental health disrders affect up t 35 percent f tp athletes at sme stage f their careers．This can range frm tiredness and eating disrders t depressin and anxiety．The causes can be highly varied，with studies pinting t a range f cntributing factrs frm pr sleep t selectin pressures and early retirement due t injury．
American Simne Biles is widely cnsidered t be the greatest gymnast(体操运动员) in the United States．When the Tky 2020 Olympic Games began，she was expected t win five gld medals．But n July 27th，she pulled ut f the team final．She made the chice after having truble landing after her vault (跳跃) in the cmpetitin's first rund．Later she said her mind was nt in the right place t let her safely perfrm the difficult mves she is knwn fr．In ther wrds，her mind was nt letting her bdy d what it needed t d．Cameras caught her telling her trainers during the team final，“I just dn't trust myself．”
Biles is nt the nly Olympian in recent mnths t talk abut the pressure and mental effects f cmpeting at the highest level．Japanese tennis star Nami Osaka lst in the secnd rund f Olympic cmpetitin．She said she felt extreme pressure t win fr Japan，where the Olympics were taking place．
Few caches and fficials in sprts have an expert n understanding f mental health and the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee (IOC) als recgnizes that there is a great need fr practical assessment tls that can be used by medical prfessinals and anyne lking after athletes t prtect athletes' mental health．
“Mental health issues shuld be discussed mre penly in sprt，because athletes are always cncerned abut selectin，and they want t appear as strng as pssible，”Scientific Directr Dr．Richard Budgett says．“But in the end this may have negative effects，s we need t recgnize the symptms s that athletes can get prper management and help when they need them．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以东京奥运会美国体操名将Simne Biles退出团体决赛引出话题，谈论了运动员的心理健康问题，并呼吁相关机构多关注运动员的心理健康并给予帮助。
8．What is the scientific research abut?
A．Athletes' living habits．
B．Athletes' mental health．
C．Causes f athletes' injuries．
D．Ways t reduce athletes' pressure．
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Recently，scientific research suggests that mental health disrders．．．f their careers．”可知，本次研究是关于运动员的心理健康的，故B项正确。]
9．Why did Simne Biles quit the team final?
A．She was in a bad state f mind．
B．She was badly hurt in the first rund．
C．She was nt gd at the difficult mves．
D．She did nt live up t her trainers' requirements．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中讲到的“Later she said her mind was nt in the right place．．．she is knwn fr”可知，Biles退出团体决赛的原因是她的精神状态不好，故A项正确。]
10．What can be a slutin t athletes' mental health issues accrding t the IOC?
A．Recgnizing the symptms．
B．Discussing the issues privately．
C．Adpting suitable evaluatin tls．
D．Offering prfessinal training t caches．
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“there is a great need．．．t prtect athletes' mental health”可知，可以使用一些实用的评估工具来保护运动员的心理健康，故C项正确。]
11．What is the authr's purpse f writing the text?
A．T intrduce tw utstanding athletes．
B．T warn athletes abut the danger f anxiety．
C．T draw peple's attentin t athletes' mental health．
D．T explain the imprtance f hard training t success．
C [写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段中的“Mental health issues shuld be discussed mre penly in sprt”和“s we need t．．．when they need them”可知，本文主要讲到了对运动员心理健康的研究，旨在唤起人们对运动员心理健康的关注，故C项正确。]
Ⅱ．完形填空 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)
(2022·潍坊市高三上学期考试)
With s many flks frced t stay at hme during the pandemic，Mary O'Neill，99，was n exceptin．But as lckdwn 1 ，Mary managed t create a special friendship with her neighbur—Benjamin Olsn，aged 2．
Over time，Mary 2 thrugh the chainlink fence as Benjamin learned t walk，talk，and 3 run and play．Despite the huge difference in their 4 ， Benjamin was drawn t his elderly neighbur， 5 in her presence．
Between the tw，they 6 a game they culd play ver the chainlink fence．Benjamin wuld pass her a ball and she'd 7 it back t him with her walking stick．
“He's been 8 her ‘Mimi’，”Benjamin's mm Sarah tld CBS News．“She'll call ut‘Hey Benjamin！’when she sees him，and it's just been s 9 t watch it．”
As pandemic restrictins have 10 ， Mary and Benjamin's 11 cntinues t blssm n bth sides f the fence—nly nw，the gate pened．
Benjamin 12 Mary n her backyard steps t play games，blw bubbles，and enjy the activities that bring jy t bth the yung and the yung 13 ．
“Friendships can just 14 in s many different ways，” Sarah tld CBS．“I'm just really happy they were able t 15 this ne—quarantine (隔离) r nt，the pandemic r nt．I'm happy，because it means a lt t her and it means a lt t him t．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了由于流行病，人们被迫待在家里。在此期间，99岁的老人和邻居2岁的小孩成了朋友，他们有着一份特殊的友谊。
1．A．wre nB．caught n
C．fell apartD．brke thrugh
A [前文讲到由于流行病，许多人被迫待在家里，99岁的Mary也不例外。虽然封锁还在继续，但她有了一份特殊的友谊，故选A项。wear n“慢慢地过去，(光阴)荏苒”。]
2．A．gtB．watched
C．draggedD．escaped
B [根据空后的“Benjamin learned t walk，talk”和“run and play”可知，这是孩子的成长过程，由此可推知Mary看着(watched) Benjamin成长。故选B项。]
3．A．apparentlyB．carefully
C．attentivelyD．eventually
D [根据语境和常识可知，Benjamin先学会了走路、说话，最终(eventually)学会了跑和玩耍。故选D项。]
4．A．agesB．respnses
C．viewsD．habits
A [根据语境可知，他们一个99岁，一个2岁，尽管年龄(ages)相差很大，Benjamin还是被这位年长的邻居吸引住了，在她面前他很高兴(jyful)。故选A项。]
5．A．restlessB．prud
C．jyfulD．awkward
C [参见上题解析。]
6．A．develpedB．wn
C．selectedD．prvided
A [根据空后的“they culd play ver the chainlink fence”可知，这一老一少开发了(develped)一个他们可以通过钢丝网眼栅栏玩的游戏。故选A项。]
7．A．fetchB．hit
C．thrwD．put
B [根据前面的“pass her a ball”可推知，孩子把球传给她，她就用手杖把球击回给他。故选B项“击(球)”。]
8．A．askingB．calling
C．makingD．chsing
B [根据语境和下文的“She'll call ut”可知，孩子一直称呼Mary为“Mimi”。故选B项。]
9．A．bviusB．easy
C．cuteD．unique
C [根据生活常识和前文的“She'll call ut‘Hey Benjamin！’when she sees him”可知，当我们看到这一幕的时候，我们会觉得非常可爱(cute)，故选C项。]
10．A．wrsenedB．begun
C．liftedD．risen
C [根据本段中的“nly nw，the gate pened”可推知，流行病封锁解除(lifted)了。故选C项。]
11．A．faithB．passin
C．leisureD．bnd
D [根据空后的“cntinues t blssm n bth sides f the fence”可知流行病封锁解除后，老人Mary和孩子Benjamin的关系(bnd)在栅栏两边继续发展。故选D项。]
12．A．cnsultsB．fllws
C．pursuesD．jins
D [根据空后的“n her backyard steps t play games，blw bubbles”可推知，孩子 Benjamin加入(jins)进来，与Mary一起在她家后院的台阶上玩游戏、吹泡泡。故选D项。]
13．A．at heartB．n ft
C．by handD．in sight
A [根据语境可知，老人Mary和孩子Benjamin一起玩游戏、吹泡泡，心态比较年轻。此处表示给年轻人和内心(at heart)年轻的人都带来快乐的活动，故选A项。]
14．A．deepenB．happen
C．ceaseD．renew
B [根据语境可知，友谊有很多种不同的形成方式，故选B项。]
15．A．treasureB．keep
C．frmD．cntinue
C [根据语境可知，这一老一少结下了(frm)这一特殊的友谊。故选C项。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时13分钟）)
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测)
假定你是李华，你校开展了社会实践系列活动，你参加了其中的烹饪课。请你写一封邮件，向你的外国笔友Thmas介绍以下内容：
1．活动目的；
2．课程介绍；
3．感悟收获。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
[参考范文]
Dear Thmas，
Hw are yu recently? Nw I'm delighted t share my schl life with yu．
In rder t enrich ur scial experiences，varius activities were held and I picked the cking class where we culd learn surces f fd，basic knife skills，fd decrating and traditinal cking methds．Thrugh this class，we can really experience hw valuable a dish is frm a seed t fd．Nw we're becming mre aware f fd waste prblems．
Hw is yur schl life? Lking frward t hearing frm yu．
Yurs，
Li Hua
课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·太原市高三统考)
My phne beeped as I clsed the passenger dr．I knew that the text was frm my friend，Rbin，a pet．But I did nt want t read it．
Rbin had recently submitted her manuscript t several publishers and she expected a respnse frm ne sn．Frm my view，her writing life was already charmed：wrk at a celebrated wrkshp and publish articles in literary jurnals．I was waiting t hear back frm sme bk cnsultants．Three weeks had passed since I had sent them sme manuscript pages．I'd returned t my state f frustratin (沮丧) and the familiar misery．
I needed my phne fr navigatin，s I had n chice but t lk at the screen．“I have news．” It was Rbin．“Gd news ．．．” My insides shk as I sat waiting fr my husband．Can we escape?
As I lnged fr sme f Rbin's magic t wear ff，I had t figure ut hw t respnd t her text，hw t be a friend．“Is it abut yur manuscript？”“Yes！” she answered．“We can talk later but I have a bk cming ut next year! I'm in shck！”I cried，quietly．I dug deep t find the wrds friendship called fr —“wnderful”“amazing”“extremely talented”．But as I texted，each wrd felt pathetic．This time，jealusy had put a valuable friendship at risk．T vercme it，I had t face the fact that Rbin had achieved smething I culd nt．Nne f my excuses—the demands f mtherhd，financial pressure，“I'm nt gd at this”—seemed t hld up anymre．
Tw days later，I wrte t the cnsulting cmpany again．They respnded，“The writing is really gd．” I was verjyed．Rbin and I are still stairs apart n the writingsuccess ladder，but all fur f ur feet are mving upward．After her bk was released，she and I met ver beers．I asked abut her writing prcess；hw did she create her bk． A clue: it wasn't magic．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的朋友Rbin是一名诗人，她常在文学期刊上发表文章，明年将出版新书。与她相比，作者的投稿常石沉大海。受到朋友成功的鼓励，作者决定继续投稿，并得到了回复。
1．Why was the authr unwilling t read the text?
A．Because she was t busy t read it．
B．Because she knew Rbin's respnse well．
C．Because she feared Rbin's gd news．
D．Because she didn't knw it was frm Rbin．
C [推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，当作者得知Rbin有好消息时，心里直打颤，想逃避；根据第四段中的“This time，jealusy had put a valuable friendship at risk．”可知，这一次嫉妒把一段宝贵的友谊置于危险之中。据此可以推知，作者不愿意看Rbin的信息是因为心怀嫉妒，害怕Rbin的好消息。]
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Rbin's achievements in her writing life．
B．The huge gap between Rbin and the authr．
C．Rbin's cntributin t the authr's success．
D．The authr's feelings abut Rbin's literature．
B [段落大意题。通读第二段可知，该段描写了作者和她的朋友Rbin之间的巨大差距：Rbin常在文学期刊上发表文章，而作者的投稿常石沉大海，这让作者处于沮丧和熟悉的痛苦状态。]
3．What des the underlined wrd “pathetic” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Delightful．B．Astnishing．
C．Cnfusing．D．Useless．
D [词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句“This time，jealusy had put a valuable friendship at risk．”可知，这一次嫉妒把一段宝贵的友谊置于危险之中；结合画线词所在的句子可知，当作者回复她朋友的短信时，会想到一些赞美的词。但当她编辑信息时，发现这些词都没有用。useless意为“无用的”。]
4．What can we infer abut Rbin's bk frm the last paragraph?
A．It was abut magic．
B．It tk great effrts．
C．It made the authr jealus．
D．It was an immediate success．
B [推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句可知，当作者问及Rbin如何创作这本书时，她告诉作者这不是魔法。据此可以判断，Rbin创作这本书需要很大的努力。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·豫北名校联考)
Are peple less r mre happy when they get lder? A study in 2018 fund that peple generally became happier and experienced less wrry after the age f 50．In fact，it fund that by the age f 85，peple were happier with their life than they were at 18．
Arthur Stne in the Department f Psychiatry and Behaviral Science at Stny Brk University in New Yrk led the study．His team fund that levels f stress were the highest amng adults between the ages f 22 and 25． 1
Happiness was the highest amng the yungest adults and thse in their early 70's．But the peple least likely t reprt feeling negative emtins were thse in their 70's and 80's．The survey als fund that men and wmen had similar emtinal patterns as they grew lder． 2
The researchers als cnsidered pssible influences like having yung children，being unemplyed r being single．But they fund that influences like these did nt affect the levels f happiness and wellbeing related t age．
3 One thery is that，as peple get lder，they becme mre thankful fr what they have and have better cntrl f their emtins．They als spend less time thinking abut bad experiences．
4 In anther study，peple in their 80's reprted the fewest prblems with the quality f their sleep．The riginal gal was t cnfirm the ppular belief that aging is cnnected with increased sleep prblems． 5 But except fr that，peple reprted that they felt their sleep quality imprved as they gt lder．
A．S why will happiness increase with age?
B．Researchers surveyed mre than 150，000 American adults．
C．At that time，the peple were between the age f 18 and 25．
D．Stress levels drpped sharply after peple reached their 50's．
E．Happiness is nt the nly thing that apparently imprves with age．
F．The survey did find an increase during middle age，especially in wmen．
G．Hwever，wmen at all ages reprted mre sadness，stress and wrry than men．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人们在年老之后更加快乐、更少担心。
1．D [考查上下文衔接。设空处位于第二段最后一句，设空前一句说了研究团队关于压力水平的发现，即最高的压力水平出现在哪些年龄段，所以该空可能与压力水平的下降有关。故选D。]
2．G [考查上下文衔接。该空前一句说的是随着年龄的增长，男人和女人有相似的情绪模式，所以此处应接着说基于男女对比的研究发现。故选G。]
3．A [考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首。根据后面的解释(一个理论认为，人变老时会变得对他们所拥有的事物更加感激，而且能更好地控制情绪)可知，A项“那么为什么幸福感会随着年龄增加？”符合语境。故选A。]
4．E [考查段落主旨句。空处位于句首，根据后面的内容可知，人们到了80多岁的时候，睡眠质量问题最少，这是随着变老出现的又一个好处。故选E。]
5．F [考查上下文衔接。前一句说，有个流行的观点认为，随着年龄的增长，睡眠问题应该增加。而空后“But”表转折，故可推知此空和前一句为顺承关系，应与睡眠问题的增加有关，故选F。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·石家庄市毕业班教学质量检测)
Originating in the Yuan Dynasty (12711368)，Kunqu Opera is said t be the mther f all Chinese peras and is ne f the ldest frms f pera still 1． (exist) in China．This traditinal art was named fr its birthplace，Kunshan，2． is near the city f Suzhu in tday's Jiangsu Prvince．
The develpment f Kunqu Opera went thrugh several 3． (stage)．In the early days，the sngs were 4． (main) cmpsed f lng and shrt lines．In the Ming Dynasty (13681644)，5． (refrm) by Wei Liangfu，Kunqu Opera became mild，smth and 6． (attract)．The perfrmers attached great 7． (imprtant) t clear recitatin，crrect singing and pure tunes．Meanwhile，the cmpsers wrte the musical scres after wrking ut the tunes，and the sngs 8． (write) in sevencharacter r tencharacter lines．Mrever，three types f musical instruments (stringed instruments，bamb flutes，and drums and clappers) frmed the accmpaniment．
Kunqu Opera is acknwledged as 9． elegant pera．Carrying frward the traditin f ancient petry and cmmn speech，the art is als 10． very high literary value．
In 2001，the United Natins Educatinal，Scientific and Cultural Organizatin (UNESCO) annunced Kunqu Opera as a masterpiece f the Oral and Intangible Heritage f Humanity．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昆曲的起源和发展。
1．existing [考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语，exist与其逻辑主语pera之间是主谓关系，所以空处填existing。]
2．which [考查关系词。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示“物”的名词Kunshan，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处应该填which。]
3．stages [考查名词复数。stage“阶段，时期”是可数名词，根据空前的“several”可知，此处需要用名词复数，所以空处填stages。]
4．mainly [考查副词。此处修饰动词短语were cmpsed f，需要用副词，所以空处填mainly。]
5．refrmed [考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语动词，refrm与其逻辑主语Kunqu Opera之间构成动宾关系，所以空处填refrmed。]
6．attractive [考查词性转换。此处与前面的mild和smth并列，同作became的表语，所以空处填attractive。]
7．imprtance [考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达attach great imprtance t，意为“高度重视”，所以空处填imprtance。]
8．were written [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作and后的并列分句的谓语。根据前面的并列分句的时态可知，此处需用一般过去时；主语the sngs与write之间为被动关系；主语the sngs为复数形式，所以空处填were written。]
9．an [考查冠词。此处表示昆曲被认为是一种高雅的歌剧，表泛指；空后的elegant的发音以元音音素开头，所以空处填an。]
10．f [考查介词。此处考查固定搭配be f＋n．，相当于“be＋adj．”结构，所以空处填f。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·福州检测)
It was my twelfth birthday，and what I really wanted mst was a new bicycle．But I knew that my family culdn't affrd ne，s I settled fr a bedside table with lckable drawers，safe places t keep my private stuff．
We went t the charity shp where we fund an ld dark ne．It didn't lk t cl，but I thught that I wuld paint it t make it lk better．
After we tk it hme，I was getting ready t paint it．When I pulled the drawers ut，I felt smething stuck t the back f a drawer．I reached in the drawer all the way，and guess what? A sealed bag with sme papers was in it．
When I pened the bag，I realized that the papers were fficial dcuments．And，wrapped in them was a bunch f ten and twenty dllar bills! Talk abut finding a treasure！And n my birthday!
“Is this sme kind f jke？”I said alud．I went ahead and read the papers，and they turned ut t be a will．Sme ld lady was leaving her savings fr her sn and grandchildren．
I was ging crazy．Was I the luckiest twelveyearld ever? With this mney I culd buy the clest bicycle．Wh knws?
I began cunting．When I reached a thusand dllars，my mther was kncking n my bedrm dr．I quickly clsed the drawer with the mney in it．
“D yu want sme help? Is everything all right？” she asked．
N，everything was nt right．Actually，my stmach was grwling(低吼)．
“I'm kay，” I lied．
When my mther left my rm，I lay n my bed，starting thinking．What a dilemma (窘境)! I wished there were smene I culd talk with．Culd I keep it and get all kinds f stuff fr me and my family? It wuldn't be t bad fr me t keep it，if I shared it．．．right? Thughts ran thrugh my mind．But I really didn't need smene else t give me the answer．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I finally made a decisin and called my parents int my bedrm．
Thugh surprised，the shp wner helped find the family's telephne number．
【写作思路】
文章大意：作者12岁生日之际想要买一辆自行车，可是家里不够富裕，于是作者只好接受床头柜作为生日礼物。作者和家人从慈善商店买了一个旧的床头柜，回家以后，作者发现里面有一份遗嘱，且有很多钞票。正当作者数到1 000美元的时候，作者的妈妈敲门了……这些钱该何去何从呢？
谋篇布局：续写第一段——结合所给提示句可知，作者做出了决定，于是把父母叫进了自己的卧室。因此，本段应首先描述父母看到这些钱时的反应以及作者一家人对如何处理这些钱进行的商讨。
续写第二段——结合所给提示句可知，商店老板答应帮作者寻找钱的主人。再结合故事发展脉络可知，本段应该会讲到商店老板帮作者找到了钱的主人，遗产最终物归原主。考生在续写的时候应注意在保持故事逻辑性的同时升华主题。
[参考范文]
I finally made a decisin and called my parents int my bedrm．They bth were ttally shcked when they saw the dllar bills lying n the table．Then I briefly explained what had happened and asked abut what we shuld d with the mney．After sme brief thinking，Mm said，“We'd better return the mney t her sn r grandchildren．” We all agreed and decided t turn t the shp wner fr help．Dad shwed the will and mney t the shp wner，asking him t help find the cntact infrmatin f the lady's family．
Thugh surprised，the shp wner helped find the family's telephne number． The ne wh answered the phne was the lady's grandsn．He culdn't believe what he had heard as his grandmther had passed away fr frty years．I tld him the address f my hme．Tw hurs later，he arrived．He recgnized the bedside table the mment he saw it．He thanked us and insisted that we shuld keep sme mney but was declined．There culdn't be a better birthday gift than returning smething t its riginal wner especially after frty years．
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2021·北京卷)The man jumped up and grabbed the child just befre he fell ut．
2．(心理描写)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Nervusness and fear were replaced with jy．
3．(景物描写)(2022·台州市质量评估)It was a cld yet sunny Saturday mrning in February．
(2022·潍坊市阶段性监测)Withut thinking twice，Steven jumped int the water and swam twards the tw kids with all his effrts．But after realizing he culdn't keep up with bth kids，he was faced with a heartbrken decisin．
核心单词·语境运用小检测
1．They talked easily abut a range f tpics(tpic)．
2．Her eyes flashed(flash)，but she held up a hand．“Let me finish．”
3．The wrld champin has nly had tw defeats(defeat) in 20 fights．
4．Our hrse had t be destryed(destry) after breaking his right freleg．
5．This is just ne f a whle cmplex f issues(issue)．
6．He always stayed after schl t straighten(straighten) chairs and mp the flr．
7．He pcketed a wallet cntaining(cntain) ￡40 cash frm the bedside f a dead man．
8．Unfrtunately，grandma always seems t awaken(awaken) at awkward mments．
9．The bk was launched(launch) last year in paperback with an initial print run f 7，000 cpies．
10．It is a great film and it features(feature) a Spanish actr wh is ging t be a wrld star within a year．
派生单词·语境运用小检测
1．He described the rbbery in detail t the pliceman and his descriptin was very valuable—the plice caught the rbber in a shrt time．(describe)
2．He knew I cllected match bxes and asked me whether my cllectin was grwing．(cllect)
3．And，even if I weren't excited enugh abut free credits，news abut ur instructr was appealing (appeal) enugh t me．
4．(2021·全国甲卷)Furthermre，guzheng is f great significance(significant)t Chinese flk music, leading yu t a fantastic wrld f music．
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Regardless f the risk f getting infected，Uncle Li is respnsible and devted (devte) t his jb．
6．(2022·浙江1月卷)I hped he wuldn't assign me t wrk with the fiercely cmpetitive and extremely(extreme) serius fellw wh always wre dark clthes．
7．It's an amazing accmplishment(accmplish) and ne we cannt achieve withut generus supprt．
8．He was really cnfused by the cnfusing prblem which als cnfused ther peple fr a lng time．(cnfuse)
9．Uncle Wang is a kind and generus ld man and he generusly cntributed a lt f mney t the village primary schl last week．His genersity is wrth admiring．(generus)
10．Frm the determined expressin n his face，we knew that he was determined t take up the jb，which needed great patience and determinatin．(determine)
高频短语·语境运用小检测
devte neself t，in stre fr，draw n，in summary，be n the pint f，clear up，appeal t，be capable f，be gd at，hld n
1．In summary，this was a disappinting perfrmance．
2．If he can just hld n a little lnger，we can get help t him．
3．I was n the pint f ding my wrk when the light went ut．
4．If we devte urselves t a task，we have every reasn t d it well．
5．He is nt gd at talking but he gets alng well with ther peple．
6．If she had knwn what lay in stre fr her，she wuld never have agreed t g．
7．He drew n his experience as a mnitr t cmmunicate with all the teachers．
8．In summary，Internet literature appeals t mre and mre peple at present．
9．Human beings differ frm animals in that the frmer is capable f using language．
10．Mrs．Smith finds it hard t clear up the mess，as her children are always in the way whenever she tries t．
重点句式·语境运用小检测
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)最让我印象深刻的是以绿色为主题的艺术表演，我欣赏了你们的民族舞蹈和世界著名的爱尔兰竖琴表演。(what引导主语从句)
What impressed me mst was the greenthemed artistic perfrmance，where I enjyed yur flk dance and wrldfamus Irish Harp perfrmance．
2．她正在厨房准备晚餐，这时她听到有人尖声喊救命。(be ding．．．when．．．)
She was preparing supper in the kitchen when she heard smene screaming fr help．
3．我们国家以前从未像现在这么繁荣富强过。(否定词位于句首的部分倒装)
Never befre has ur cuntry been s prsperus and pwerful as it is tday．
4．随着冬天的临近，是时候买保暖的衣服了。(with复合结构)
With winter appraching，it's time t buy warm clthes．
1
appeal [课本义]vi．有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁 [增补义]vi．恳请n．恳求
2
determine [课本义]vt．确定；支配；决心 vi．决心 [增补义]vt．查明；裁决
3
reflect [课本义]vt．& vi．反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 [增补义]vi．思考 vt．映射；思考
4
cntain vt．[课本义]包含，含有，容纳 [增补义]防止……蔓延(或恶化)；控制，克制；抑制
5
particular[课本义]adj．特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的 [增补义]adj．详尽的；特定的 n．详情；细目
6
attempt vt．& n．努力，尝试，试图
7
cnfused adj．[课本义]糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 [增补义](人)不能清晰思考的；不知所措的
8
devte neself t [课本义]致力，专心，献身 [增补义]从事于……
9
[教材原句]A child and a man were walking n the beach when the child fund a shell and held it t his ear．一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，并把它放到了耳边。
10
[教材原句]The fish righted himself and swam ff again slwly with the great tail weaving in the air．鱼挺直身子，又慢慢地游开了，大尾巴在海面上摇摆着。
人物描写
动作描写
sensitive，mean，
genersity，cnfused
devte neself t，determine，
draw n，destry，attempt，
accmplish
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