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译林版高考英语一轮复习必修第3册UNIT1 Nature in the balance课时学案
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这是一份译林版高考英语一轮复习必修第3册UNIT1 Nature in the balance课时学案，共34页。
①I meant n harm t yu—nly t keep yu frm failing．
②There is n harm in writing(write) dwn yur name n the frm．
如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。
③If used imprperly，the medicine will d/cause harm t yu/d yu harm．(harm n．)
④If used imprperly，the medicine will harm yu．(harm vt．)
⑤If used imprperly，the medicine will be harmful t yu．(harmful)
cause harm t．．．对……造成伤害/损害
harm．．．＝d harm t ．．．＝d．．．harm 伤害……
There is n harm in ding sth．做某事没有害处
mean n harm t．．．对……没有恶意
harmful adj．有害的
be harmful t．．．对……有害
harmless adj．无害的
d mre harm than gd弊大于利；弊多利少
d a lt f harm t the crps给庄稼带来许多危害
①As we can see，the prices f vegetables vary with the seasn．
②Jin us t taste a variety f fresh lcal fd and drinks．
③I have a number f hbbies，varying frm playing basketball t playing the pian．
④(普通表达)He is always making up all kinds f jkes t make everyne laugh．
(高级表达)He is always making up a variety f/varieties f jkes t make everyne laugh．
a variety f＝varieties f种种，各种不同的；各种各样
varius adj．各种各样的；各种不同的
vary vt．改变；变更；变化；不同
vary with．．．随着……而变化
vary in在……方面不同/有差异
vary frm．．． t．．．从……到……不等
vary with the time随着时间而变化
vary in price在价格方面不同/有差异
vary frm place t place各个地方变化不同
①Sme strange custms have survived frm earlier times．
②I dn't knw hw yu all manage t survive n Jeremy's salary．
③It's said that the wman survived her husband by 10 years(比她的丈夫多活了10年)．
survive sth．幸免于，在……中幸存下来
survive n 靠……生存下来
survive frm从……留存下来
A survives B (by．．．) A比B活得长(几年)
survival n．生存；残存物
survive tw wrld wars经历了两次世界大战而幸存下来
survive n tree rts and berries 靠吃树根和浆果维持生命
①The traveller may fire at a wild beast t defend himself (he) in case he is attacked．
②Several peple spke in my defence at the meeting．
③The cuncil states that every child shuld be defended frm/against dangerus things．
④(2020·浙江卷)My wife and I used pepper spray t defend urselves frm/against being attacked(保护自己不受攻击) by the plar bear．
in defence f 保护；保卫
in ne's defence＝in defence f sb．为某人辩护
defend vt．& vi．保卫；防守
defend．．．frm/against．．．保护……免受……；为……辩护而反驳……
defend neself自卫
in defence f peple's interests保护人民的利益
defend neself successfully in curt在法庭上成功地为自己辩护
①We must answer fr the cnsequences f ur wn deed．
②My car brke dwn and cnsequently(cnsequent)I was late．
(普通表达)A great fire brke ut，and as a result，the huse was cmpletely destryed．
③(高级表达)A great fire brke ut，and as a cnsequence/in cnsequence，the huse was cmpletely destryed．
④(高级表达)As a cnsequence f/In cnsequence f a great fire，the huse was cmpletely destryed．
as a cnsequences(f sth．)＝in cnsequence(f sth．) 由于；作为……的结果
be f n/little cnsequence 无足轻重的，不重要的
cnsequent adj．作为结果的；随之发生的
cnsequently adv．因此；所以
in cnsequence f his bad wrk由于他工作表现不好
be f great cnsequence t all f us对我们所有人都非常重要
take the full cnsequences f yur behaviur 承担你的行为所引起的全部后果
Unfrtunately，the peace talks brke ①dwn in the end．As a result，a war brke ②ut between the tw cuntries．The native peple had t break away ③frm their hmes and suffered a lt frm the war．
④Mther brke int my rm(闯进我的房间) and tld me nt t stay up r I wuld break dwn(垮掉)．
break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入
break int．．． 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)
break ut (战争、火灾等)突然爆发
break away frm 脱离；逃脱
break dwn racial discriminatin消除种族歧视
break dwn the prject int sme smaller parts把项目分成几个小部分
①Greenhuse gases cntinue t build up in the atmsphere，causing the glbal temperature t g up．
②He drew the cnclusin by building n his wn investigatin．
③Their achievements built up my cnfidence(逐渐增强了我的信心) and determinatin in my career．
build sth．up 创建；开发
build sb．/neself up 增强某人或自身的体质
build sth． n sth．把……作为……的基础
build up ne's vcabulary 增加词汇量
build up ne's strength恢复体力，强身健体
build n earlier achievements建立在原来的成就之上
①Peple find it hard t put up with s much advertising in TV series that a rule has been made t ban it．
②Withut yur help，the experiment will end up with failure．
③After being ut f schl s lng，she had t wrk hard in rder t catch up with the thers．
④At the meeting they all came up with sme ideas(提出了一些想法) n hw t slve these prblems．
cme up升起；被提出；发生
keep up with与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with跟上(强调动作)
put up with忍耐，忍受；熬过
end up with以……结束
end up with nthing一无所得
cme up with new ways/ideas提出新的方法/想法
keep up with thse excellent students跟上那些优秀学生
①If my brther takes part in the cmpetitin t be held next week，s shall/will I．
②Henry is very clever but he desn't wrk hard at his lessns．S it is with his little brther．/It is the same with his little brther．
③He didn't knw what that wuld be，and nr/neither did I．
④(普通表达) His parents were nt satisfied with the results f the exam．His teacher was nt satisfied either．
(高级表达) His parents were nt satisfied with the results f the exam，and neither/nr was his teacher．(neither/nr)
“s＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示上文所述的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或物，意为“……也一样”。
“s＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示同意上文所述内容，意为“确实如此，的确如此”。
“neither/nr＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示上文的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也不……”。
如果表示前面两件事或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，则需用S it is/was with．．．或It is/was the same with．．．
When we begin cnversatins with new peple，we want t feel cmfrtable，and s d they．当我们开始与陌生人交谈时，我们希望感觉舒服，他们也一样。
①Sme f us were respnsible fr picking apples，while the thers packed them．
②After a while，she aplgized fr the way she behaved at the beginning．
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)While ur prgram was initiated last year(尽管我们的项目是去年开始的)，it has been gaining increasing ppularity amng the students as well as teachers．
④He kept in tuch with us while he was n vacatin(他度假期间)．
while当“虽然；尽管”讲时，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折。
while当“当……的时候”讲时，引导时间状语从句。
while当“而；可是”讲时，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。
while用作名词时，常与a连用，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。
While I was reading，I fell asleep．我读着读着就睡着了。
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Walking in the air full f smg is harmful(harm)t us．
2．N matter what yu like t d，there is a way t get invlved in varius(vary) activities n Earth Day．
3．There was a car crash yesterday，and f the six peple injured，nly tw survived(survive)．
4．All the peple，men and wmen，yung and ld，were fighting against the fld in defence (defend) f their wn hmes．
5．It rained yesterday，and cnsequently (cnsequent)，the match was cancelled．
6．T her surprise，smething unexpected came(cme) up at the meeting．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．There's n great harm in drinking a little beer t relieve tiredness after hard wrk．
2．Rms vary in size and are equipped with hairdryers，televisins and telephnes．
3．They can survive n very little mney．
4．She had t defend herself against/frm the guard dg．
5．She wrked hard at her lessns and as a cnsequence she gt high marks．
6．It may take a few weeks fr yu t build up yur strength again．
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Amng the peple is(be) a little by surviving the earthquake．
2．He is the persn tracking(track) me as far as the factry the ther day．
3．He decided t send his sn abrad fr further(far) educatin．
4．As a matter f fact，sme f their new prducts are highly prfitable(prfit)．
5．When I'm reading a bk，abslutely(abslute) nthing can get my attentin．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．The yung man was frced t leave the cmpany due t this mistake．
2．T be hnest，what yu said had n impact n the children here．
3．In fact，the yung vlunteers have breathed life int the ld club．
4．The villagers stayed in the shelter where enugh fd was ffered．
5．Hw many factry wrkers are in danger f lsing their jbs nw?
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国乙卷)Of thse Australians wh still have a landline，a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies．C
A．较远，更远
B．促进
C．另外的
2．(2018·天津卷)Future 3D fd printers culd make prcessed fd healthier．C
A．过程，进程
B．步骤
C．加工，处理
3．(2018·北京卷)14 hurs later the films had lst 13% f their mass—apparently brken dwn by enzymes (酶) frm the wrms' stmachs．A
A．质量
B．一大群
C．团，块，堆
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings，but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin．
句中we use为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词The set f speech sunds；that we find tday也是定语从句。
[尝试翻译]自从人类出现后，我们使用的这些语音并不是一成不变的。相反，我们今天发现的多种多样的语音正是多种事物如生物变化与文化演变相互交织、相互作用的产物。
2．(2022·全国甲卷)Shirley Fitzgerald，the city's fficial histrian，tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much f its past，including many f its finest buildings．
句中that引导宾语从句，the city's fficial histrian 是Shirley Fitzgerald 的同位语，对其补充说明，in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s是介词短语作时间状语。
[尝试翻译]悉尼的官方历史学家雪莉·菲茨杰拉德告诉我，20 世纪 70 年代悉尼在奔向现代化的过程中，摒弃了许多过去的东西，包括许多精美建筑。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
After arriving at the cntinent，he started t study 1．a variety f wildlife in sme regins．He was tld that there used t be masses f species there，but sme 2．disappeared(disappear) due t the bad climate．He fund that 3．it was entirely human activities that damaged the habitats f sme animals．Sme farmers pisned many animals while 4．using(use) chemicals．Sme peple tracked and killed animals t make a prfit．5．What they did really had a bad impact n sme animals，such as deer and frgs．He decided t d smething t prevent them frm 6．harming (harm) the animals，and thus he jined an rganizatin in defence f the animals clse t 7．extinctin (extinct)．In his spare time，he gave ut sme brchures and talked t sme lcal residents abut it．He als came up with sme 8．strategies (strategy) t help them recycle the ld materials and get rid f pllutin．He als tried his best 9．t get (get) them ut f pverty．As a cnsequence，mst f them stpped 10．prtesting(prtest) against his actin．Sme even set up sme shelters fr the animals n the hill．
Step 1．写作要点(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①2019年，被称为“地球之肺”的亚马孙(Amazn)热带雨林发生了特大火灾。
In 2019，a huge fire brke ut in the Amazn rainfrest knwn as the “lungs f the planet”．
②火灾可能对生态系统造成永久性破坏。
The fire culd cause permanent damage t the ecsystem．
③碳排放可能导致全球变暖。
Carbn emissin may cntribute t glbal warming．
④近年来由于人类的活动，亚马孙雨林一直在遭到破坏。
It has been destryed in recent years due t human activities．
⑤相关资料显示，在过去的30年里，亚马孙雨林已经缩小了六分之一。
Relevant infrmatin shws that in the past 30 years，the Amazn rainfrest has shrunk by ne sixth．
⑥如果这种现象没有得到遏制，在不久的将来，这片美丽的雨林将从地球上消失！
If this phenmenn is nt cntrlled，this beautiful rainfrest will disappear frm the earth in the near future!
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
In 2019，a huge fire brke ut in the Amazn rainfrest knwn as the “lungs f the planet”．The fire culd cause permanent damage t the ecsystem and carbn emissin may cntribute t glbal warming．In fact，it has been destryed in recent years due t human activities．Relevant infrmatin shws that in the past 30 years，the Amazn rainfrest has shrunk by ne sixth．If this phenmenn is nt cntrlled，this beautiful rainfrest will disappear frm the earth in the near future!
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
当我和我的朋友马克(Mac)正在长满阔叶树的丛林里走着时，我们看到一只美洲虎向我们走来。我完全快被吓死了。“谁会来保护我们呢？”我问道。过了一会儿，马克想出了一个好主意。他从包里拿出一些饼干，撕开包装，把它们朝四面八方扔了出去。结果，美洲虎没有追我们而是朝食物的方向走去了。我们沿着猎人的足迹走出了森林。我从这次经历中吸取了教训，那就是，面对危险我们应该冷静和勇敢。
My friend Mac and I were walking in the jungle full f hardwds when we saw a jaguar walking twards us．I was entirely frightened t death．“Wh will cme t defend us？” I asked．After a while，a gd idea sprang t Mac's mind．He tk ut sme biscuits frm his bag，tre the packages，and threw them away in all directins．As a cnsequence，the jaguar didn't chase after us．Instead，it walked twards the fd．We fllwed the hunter's tracks，walking ut f the frest．I learned a lessn frm this experience that when facing danger we shuld be calm and brave．
课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
eq \a\vs4\al(A) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时6分钟）)
(2022·开封市高三模拟考试)
Excellent films have a direct and prfund impact n kids f all ages．The fllwing is a list f wnderful mvies fr children．
Pkémn：Detective Pikachu
Pkémn：Detective Pikachu is a mystery adventure set in a fictinal city in which humans and Pkémn cexist．Starring Ryan Reynlds as the vice f a Pikachu wh can speak t nly ne human，Tim (Justice Smith)，the stry explres hw the tw team up t lk int the suppsedly accidental death f Tim's detective father．There's definitely sme vilence including a terrible car crash but nthing gets bldy．The main characters are frequently in danger，but n ne dies．The stry prmtes teamwrk，curage，and friendship and shws hw even the seemingly inexperienced can make a difference．
Artemis Fwl
Artemis Fwl is a scifi fantasy adventure based n the bestselling series by Ein Clfer．Artemis Fwl Ⅱ (Ferdia Shaw) is a 12yearld talent．When his father ges missing，Artemis frces fairy fficer Hlly Shrt (Lara McDnnell) t g with him int the dark，hidden wrld f magic and fairies t try t restre them bth．The bk series is tweenfriendly，s yu can expect the mvie t be friendly，t．
Frzen Ⅱ
Fr kids，Frzen Ⅱ is a highly expected 3D cmputeranimated musical fantasy film that cntinues the stry f Elsa (viced by Idina Menzel)，a queen with icy pwers，and her warmhearted sister，Anna (viced by Kristen Bell)．Althugh the details f the mvie haven't been annunced yet，it's safe t expect the return f Kristff (viced by Jnathan Grff) and kind snwman Olaf (viced by Jsh Gad)．
Star Wars：Episde IX－The Rise f Skywalker
Star Wars：Episde IX is the final mvie in the mst recent Star Wars series．Althugh the mvie's plt details are still cmpletely unknwn，it seems certain that many heres and villains (主要反面人物)will cme back．Expect anther thrilling，actinpacked scifi adventure；hpefully it will prvide a satisfying cnclusin fr tweens，teens，and up．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几部适合儿童观看的精彩电影。
1．What can we learn frm the first mvie?
A．Pkémn finally dies in the car crash．
B．Effective teamwrk can turn the tables．
C．It seems hard t make a lasting friendship．
D．There's a lt f bldy vilence in the mvie．
B [细节理解题。根据Pkémn：Detective Pikachu部分中的“The stry prmtes．．．can make a difference．”可知，Pkémn：Detective Pikachu这部电影展示了团队合作。故B项“有效的团队合作可以扭转形势”正确。turn the tables“扭转形势；转变局面；转弱为强”。]
2．Which f the fllwing mvies cmes frm Ein Clfer's bk series?
A．Frzen Ⅱ．
B．Artemis Fwl．
C．StarWars：Episde IX－The Rise f Skywalker．
D．Pkémn：Detective Pikachu．
B [细节理解题。根据Artemis Fwl部分中的“Artemis Fwl．．．by Ein Clfer．”可知，Artemis Fwl改编自Ein Clfer的畅销系列书，故B项正确。]
3．What similarity d the last tw mvies share?
A．They're scifi adventures．
B．They're musical fantasy films．
C．They're t vilent fr little kids．
D．They're keeping their plt details secret．
D [细节理解题。根据Frzen Ⅱ部分中的“the details f the mvie haven't been annunced yet”和Star Wars：Episde IX－The Rise f Skywalker部分中的“the mvie's plt details are still cmpletely unknwn”可知，后两部电影的共同之处在于电影细节尚未公布，故D项正确。]
eq \a\vs4\al(B) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·甘肃省第一次高考诊断考试)
It's n secret that walking is gd fr yu．Many f us are trying t get in thse recmmended 10，000 steps a day that ur wearable fitness technlgy urges us t achieve．But hw many calries are we actually burning，and hw can we get the mst ut f thse steps？Find answers in these ways．
D yu knw the truth abut calrieburning？Walking is a mderate intensity frm f exercise．T get the mst calrieburning benefits，then，it wuld seem that walking at a cnsistently light pace wuld make the mst sense．Pay attentin t yur heart rate and hw yu feel．Wearable technlgy can certainly prvide an idea f prgress tward yur calrieburning gals．Using fitness tracker equipment t help yu recgnize when yu reach yur target heart rate znes can help yu maximize the calrieburning．
Walking is ften cnsidered as a great fatburning exercise，and with gd reasn．Yu can't really walk at higher intensities because f the nature f the exercise；therefre，yu end up in lwintensity znes，where yu tend t burn mre fat．When yu're walking at a lighter intensity with yur heart rate in the 57% t 63% range，yu are mre likely t be using fat fr fuel．N matter what yur speed is，the frm matters．When dne with a gd frm，walking is an incredibly beneficial frm f exercise fr ttal health and wellness beynd mere calric burn．Mrever，walking is the mst accessible frm f exercise because it desn't require any special clthes，equipment r membership．
Whether yur gal is fat lss，increased fitness r simply enhancing yur verall health and wellness，walking ffers all these benefits and mre．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何在走路的时候以最恰当的方式最大程度地燃烧卡路里。
4．What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T intrduce the tpic．
B．T cmpare walking with ther exercise．
C．T explain the wearable fitness technlgy．
D．T shw the imprtance f 10，000 steps a day．
A [写作意图题。转折后面一般是叙述的重点，本段转折后面的问句设置悬念，又根据第一段最后一句“Find answers in these ways．”可知，下文应该会回答这些问题，因此，本段旨在引出下文，即本文的主题，故A项正确。]
5．What des the underlined wrd “intensity” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Depth． B．Strength．
C．Height．D．Distance．
B [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“When yu're walking．．．using fat fr fuel．”可知，当你以较小的“intensity”走路，心率在57%到63%之间时，你很可能用脂肪作燃料。由此可以推测，“intensity”的意思与B项较为接近。]
6．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．Walking at high intensities is recmmended．
B．Yur walking speed is the mst imprtant t calrieburning．
C．Walking can burn calries better if yu walk in a prper frm．
D．It is mre cnvenient t walk fr thse wh have gym membership．
C [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“N matter what ．．．beynd mere calric burn．”可知，无论你以什么样的速度，方式非常重要，如果以良好的方式进行，走路是一种非常有益的锻炼方式，不仅能燃烧卡路里，还能促进身体健康，故C项正确。]
7．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Walking 10，000 Steps a Day Matters
B．Walking Benefits Yur Heart
C．Hw t Best Burn Calries While Yu're Walking
D．Hw t Use Wearable Fitness Technlgy While Yu're Walking
C [标题归纳题。第一段最后一句“Find answers in these ways．”承上启下，再结合前面的问句可知，本文主要讲了“找到在你走路时如何最大化地燃烧卡路里的答案”，故C项“如何在你走路时最大程度地燃烧卡路里”适合作本文的标题。]
eq \a\vs4\al(C) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
The cling effect f trees reduces the surface temperature f Eurpean cities in the summer by up t 12℃ in sme regins．In cntrast，green spaces withut trees have an insignificant effect，accrding t a study that strengthens the case fr tree planting t help cities adapt t glbal warming．Jnas Schwaab at ETH Zurich in Switzerland and his clleagues used land surface temperature data cllected by satellite t cmpare the temperature differences between areas cvered by trees and treeless urban green spaces，such as parks and urban cnstructins such as rads and buildings．They analysed 293 cities frm acrss Eurpe．
The land surface temperature measured by satellite isn't the same as the air temperature，which is mre clsely linked t what humans wuld feel，says Schwaab．“Usually，the air temperature differences between treecvered areas and builtup areas wuld be much smaller than the land surface temperature differences，”he says．
The team fund that treecvered areas in cities have a much lwer land surface temperature cmpared with surrunding areas．The differences were between 8℃ and 12℃ in central Eurpe and between 0℃ and 4℃ in suthern Eurpe．
The cling effect f trees cmes largely frm shading and transpiratin(蒸腾)． This prcess takes heat energy frm the surrunding envirnment fr evapratin(蒸发)，lwering the surrunding temperature．In the warmer climate f suthern Eurpe，the sil is typically drier，s the cling effect f transpiratin is lwer than that in regins further nrth，says Schwaab．
The team als fund that the cling prvided by treeless green spaces is insignificant，and in sme instances green areas withut trees can even be warmer than the surrunding urban areas．
Extreme heat is a grwing prblem fr cities in Eurpe and elsewhere as the planet gets htter．The findings shw that trees can have a big influence n cities acrss Eurpe，but since the size f their effects varies，heat reductin strategies shuld be tailred t suit each regin，says Schwaab．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现树木可以帮助降低城市的地表温度，本文主要讲述了研究的结果、树木降温作用的原理和研究结果带给人们的反思。
8．What's the purpse f the study?
A．T measure land and air temperatures．
B．T suggest planting mre trees in cities．
C．T make peple aware f glbal warming．
D．T stress the imprtance f green spaces．
B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a study that strengthens the case fr tree planting t help cities adapt t glbal warming．”可以推断，研究的目的是号召人们多种树来帮助城市适应全球变暖，故B项正确。]
9．Why is the cling effect f transpiratin lwer in suthern Eurpe?
A．The sil is drier．
B．The climate is clder．
C．There are mre green spaces．
D．There are mre rads and buildings．
A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the warmer climate f suthern Eurpe，the sil is typically drier，s．．． in regins further nrth”可知，欧洲南部蒸腾冷却效果较差的原因是土壤通常较干燥，故A项正确。]
10．What might Schwaab suggest in the last paragraph?
A．Wetlands shuld be enlarged．
B．Dry sil shuld be reduced．
C．Mre rads shuld be built．
D．Slutins shuld be different．
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中Schwaab所说的“heat reductin strategies shuld be tailred t suit each regin”可以判断，Schwaab建议因地制宜，针对不同的区域采用不同的降温策略，故D项正确。]
11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Trees Cl the Land Surface Temperature f Cities
B．Researchers Raise Slutins t Extreme Weather
C．High Tech Lwers the Land Surface Temperature
D．Extreme Heat Des Harm t the Envirnment
A [标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“The cling effect ．．． f Eurpean cities”和最后一段中的“The findings shw that trees can have a big influence n cities”可知，本文主要讲述了树木可以降低城市地表温度，故A项适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)
(2022·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试)
I'd wrked fur mnths at a university when we had a gingaway party fr Sandy，wh was mving t Lndn．When I gt t wrk the next day，I was 1 t see Sandy there．“Aren't yu suppsed t be in Lndn？” I asked．She 2 me and said，“I'm Helen．”
I then fund ut that I have a rare disease—face blindness．This 3 sent me t the dctr．I didn't think much abut it． 4 ，I was a successful adult—wh wuld care if my 5 wasn't quite like everyne else's? Then，I met Dr Smith．“Yur ability t learn new faces is amng the wrst，”he said．“As fr cures，nthing s far has been very 6 ．” After a sad gdbye，I fled in tears．
I was 7 until Dad gave me sme imprtant advice．“Everyne just wants t talk abut themselves，”he said．“Just ask questins．” This 8 transfrmed my life．When walking n campus，if smene lked my way，I 9 ．If they smiled，I stpped t chat．Sn I became an expert at talking t 10 ．
This year，I celebrated my birthday with ver 60 friends，many f whm I wasn't able t 11 ．I was fine with that． 12 ，I can take curses t treat my illness，but I'd rather spend that time n smething I 13 ，like lking at birds．I get such a 14 identifying them． 15 my face blindness，I've learnt t see the wrld．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者偶然发现自己患有一种罕见的疾病——脸盲症。医生告知作者该疾病到目前为止没有治愈的可能性，作者因此很绝望。作者的父亲提了一些建议，这些建议改变了作者的生活。从那之后，作者变得更加健谈了，结识了很多朋友，学会了以新的视角看世界。
1．A．excited B．surprised
C．frightenedD．pleased
B [根据上文中的“a gingaway party fr Sandy”可知，空前讲举办派对为Sandy送行，第二天上班时作者又看到了“Sandy”，因此作者肯定很吃惊。故选B。]
2．A．stared atB．thught f
C．gt away frmD．reached ut fr
A [根据空前的“你难道现在不应该在伦敦吗？”和空后的“我是Helen”可推知，对方应是盯着作者看。故选A。]
3．A．disasterB．accident
C．discveryD．expectatin
C [根据空前的“fund ut”可知，此处是作者发现自己患有脸盲症，这一发现促使作者去看医生。disaster“灾难，灾害”；accident“(交通)事故”；discvery“发现”；expectatin“预期，期望”。故选C。]
4．A．HweverB．Smehw
C．AnywayD．Mrever
C [作者对这件事没想太多。因为不管怎样作者是一个成功的成年人，如果自己的大脑与其他人的不一样，谁又会在意呢？据此可知，anyway“无论如何，至少”符合语境，故选C。]
5．A．illnessB．grwth
C．faceD．brain
D [参见上题解析。]
6．A．prmisingB．ppular
C．cheapD．cmfrtable
A [根据空后的“After a sad gdbye，I fled in tears．”可推知，此处应是说医生认为作者的脸盲症没有治愈的希望。prmising“有希望的”，故选A。]
7．A．uncncernedB．impatient
C．desperateD．annyed
C [根据上文中的“After a sad gdbye，I fled in tears．”可推知，作者很绝望。uncncerned“不关心的”；impatient“没有耐心的”；desperate“绝望的”；annyed“生气，恼怒”。故选C。]
8．A．tipB．questin
C．explanatinD．warning
A [根据空前的“Dad gave me sme imprtant advice”以及作者的父亲所说的话可推知，此处表示父亲给作者的指点改变了作者的生活。tip“指点，实用的提示”；explanatin“解释”；warning“警告”。故选A。]
9．A．hesitatedB．smiled
C．panickedD．waited
B [根据语境可知，此处是如果有人看向作者，作者会微笑。hesitate“犹豫”；panic“(使)惊慌”。故选B。]
10．A．studentsB．strangers
C．clleaguesD．patients
B [根据语境可知，此处表达的是作者逐渐变得擅长与陌生人交谈。故选B。]
11．A．inviteB．trust
C．greetD．recgnise
D [根据上文中提到作者患有脸盲症可推知，来给作者庆祝生日的六十多位朋友当中，有很多人作者都辨认不出来。故选D。]
12．A．EventuallyB．Frtunately
C．ActuallyD．Hpefully
C [根据语境尤其是空后的but可知，此处表达的是“事实上，我能通过上课来治疗我的疾病，但我更想把时间花费在我喜爱的事情上，比如看鸟”。eventually“最后，终于”；frtunately“幸运地”；hpefully“有希望地”。故选C。]
13．A．rememberB．ignre
C．missD．enjy
D [参见上题解析。]
14．A．chanceB．thrill
C．shckD．truble
B [根据空前提到的内容可知，作者更想把时间花费在自己喜爱的事情上，而看鸟就是作者喜爱的事情之一，所以作者辨认这些鸟时会有一种兴奋的感觉。thrill“兴奋”。故选B。]
15．A．Accrding tB．Regardless f
C．In fear fD．Thanks t
D [根据上文内容尤其是空前的“I was fine with that．．．lking at birds．”可知，此处表达的是“由于脸盲症，作者学会了以新的视角看世界”。故选D。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时13分钟）)
(2022·天门市第三次质量检测)
假定你是校英文报English Sky的编辑李华，近期“文化古迹之旅”专栏向全校同学征集稿件。请你写一封征稿启事，内容包括：
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2．投稿方式(Englishsky@126．cm)；
3．截止期限。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：relic 古迹
Cntributins Wanted
[参考范文]
Cntributins Wanted
Intended t enhance cultural relics prtectin，English Sky is nw cllecting English articles fr the clumn—“Jurney f Cultural Relics”．
Cntributins are expected t be riginal and within 400 wrds．They can be essays，pems r stries．And thse cmbined with experiences f hw yu have helped with cultural heritage preservatin will gain mre favr．Please send yur article as an attachment t Englishsky@ 126．cm befre May 15th．
We welcme diverse fresh vices．Lking frward t yur participatin!
课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·成都市高三诊断性检测)
Edward O．Wilsn，knwn as “ant man”，was brn n June 10，1929，in Birmingham，Alabama．His parents divrced when he was yung，and he was mved frequently thrughut his childhd．Wilsn grew up explring the frests and wildlife．One f these adventures left him partly blind，but they als set ff his lifelng fascinatin with ants and their scial structure．
Wilsn earned his bachelr's and master's degrees frm The University f Alabama．In 1955，he received his Ph．D．frm Harvard University and wrked there until retirement．
Wilsn's early study f ants led t his first majr discvery in 1959：hw ants cmmunicate thrugh the release f chemical signals．
Later，in 1990，Wilsn and German bilgist Bert Hölldbler published their Pulitzerwinning The Ants．It detailed the insects' scial structure that was bth valued by schlars and accessible t general readers．
Anther f Wilsn's majr wrks started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Rbert MacArthur．The pair published The Thery f Island Bigegraphy，where they sught t explain why different places have different numbers f species．
What many cnsider t be Wilsn's mst imprtant cntributins t evlutinary bilgy came in 1975 when he published Scibilgy：The New Synthesis．The wrk explred the genetic rts f animal behavir and argued that genes shaped human behavir．
Wilsn faced accusatins fr these ideas but his wrk finally largely prved true．In 1978，his ideas n the rle bilgy plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature，which wn him a Pulitzer (普利策奖) Prize in 1979．
Wilsn published mre than 400 scientific papers and 20 bks．These accmplishments ffered him a type f superstar status，but friends and clleagues say the plite sutherner remained dwn t earth．“Prfessr Wilsn really listened and engaged with whmever he was interacting with，”said Crrie S．Mreau，wh was ne f Wilsn's final advisees．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了“蚁人”Edward O．Wilsn的成长经历及其伟大成就：自小父母离异，一次冒险经历使他部分失明，但他因此开始迷恋上了对蚂蚁的研究。他一生发表了多部著作和多篇论文，但仍谦逊礼貌。
1．What cntributed t Wilsn's passin fr ants?
A．His accidental disability．
B．The discvery he made abut ants．
C．The schl educatin he received．
D．His byhd time spent in nature．
D [细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Wilsn grew up explring the frests and wildlife．”并结合下文内容可知，由于在探索森林和野生动物中长大，他对蚂蚁格外感兴趣。]
2．What is Wilsn's first Pulitzerwinning bk abut?
A．The scial structure f ants．
B．The distributin f different species．
C．The links between bilgy and human culture．
D．The rle f chemical signals in cmmunicatin．
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“In 1978，his ideas n the rle bilgy plays in human culture．．．which wn him a Pulitzer Prize in 1979．”可知，Edward O．Wilsn在《论人性》一书中阐述了生物学在人类文化中的作用，并在1979年获得了普利策奖。故选C。]
3．Accrding t the last paragraph，which wrd best describes Wilsn?
A．Prductive． B．Humble．
C．Openminded．D．Independent．
B [推理判断题。根据尾段第二句中的“the plite sutherner remained dwn t earth”并结合下句别人对他的评价“Prfessr Wilsn really listened and engaged with whmever he was interacting with”可知，Edward O．Wilsn有礼貌并能脚踏实地，能真正倾听别人并与和他互动的人建立密切关系。据此可以推知，他是一位谦逊的人。]
4．What is the best title f this text?
A．The Pineering “Ant Man”
B．Discveries in Evlutinary Bilgy
C．A Leading Figure in Ppular Science
D．The Adventure f a Pulitzer Prize Winner
A [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首句中的“Edward O．Wilsn，knwn as ‘ant man’”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了“蚁人”Edward O．Wilsn的成长经历及其伟大成就，故A项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·郑州市高中毕业班第二次预测)
Nwadays scial media influencers have pwerful influence．The cncept f an influencer—a persn wh inspires r guides the actins f thers—has been arund fr centuries．Befre scial media，influencers were famus persns r pliticians far away frm ur lives． 1
2 A study undertaken in the US，the UK and Spain fund that yung peple spent 76% mre time n scial media in 2020 than in the previus year．
In an age when anyne can be an influencer，cntent creatrs use their cntent n scial media t influence thers arund the wrld． 3 They pst selfies in the latest fashin，livestream (网络直播) vide game sessins r inspire thers with mtivatinal persnal develpment advice．With their special knwledge r authrity in specific subjects，they attract thers in great numbers．
Because f this，yung peple can see themselves represented mre directly nline thrugh influencers．This can be imprtant fr the develpment f an adlescent's identity． 4 “It can be really helpful fr kids t see that there are peple like them，and if they are feeling hpeless there may be sme hpe that things are ging t be successful like their rle mdels，”Ellen Selkie，a researcher at the University f WiscnsinMadisn，tld the website Mashable．
5 When mdels talk abut size inclusivity (包容性) n their scial netwrking platfrms，fr example，it can develp a sense f cmmunity，which helps them shape their right attitude．
A．They can have rle mdels wh are like them and reachable．
B．It's pssible that yung peple use their scial netwrking platfrms．
C．On the cntrary，that kind f wrk and peple behind it shuld be celebrated．
D．Sme have even becme key pinin leaders，hlding great cultural influence．
E．The rise f influencers cmes as yung peple spend mre time nline than befre．
F．Hwever，the influence and pwer f tday's scial media influencers is mre nticeable．
G．Thugh sme influencers' actins affect the yuth's attitude t life，many can be psitive．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。当前在社交媒体上有影响力的人借助社交媒体平台发表的一些励志性的言论或观点给青少年的成长带来积极的影响。
1．F [根据本文的话题可知，本文主要介绍了现如今在社交媒体上有影响力的人，空前一句讲到了社交媒体出现之前的情况，下文讲到的是现在的情况，因此，本空应该形成转折，将话题转回现在，且与过去有影响力的人作比较，故F项符合语境。]
2．E [空处是本段的主旨句，结合本段的内容可知，本段主要讲了国外研究发现，2020年年轻人花在社交媒体上的时间比之前一年增加了很多，故E项适合作本段的主旨句。]
3．D [空前一句讲到了内容创作者用自己在社交媒体上的内容影响世界各地的人们，空后则阐述他们在社交媒体上有很大的影响力，故D项“一些人甚至已经成了主流观点领袖，有很大的文化影响力”承上启下，符合语境。]
4．A [空前一句讲到了“这对青少年的个性发展很重要”，而空后引用Ellen Selkie的话印证一些在社交媒体上有影响力的人对青少年有很大的影响，故A项“他们可以有像他们一样的、可接近的榜样”符合语境。其中They指代上文中的“yung peple”。]
5．G [空后是举例，根据例子可知，此处要说明榜样在社交媒体上的发言对青少年可以有积极的影响，故G项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·南充市高考适应性考试)
March 12th is China's annual Natinal Tree Planting Day．On this day，millins f Chinese，frm all walks f life，will put their wrk at hand aside 1． a mment，take spades and buckets as well as yung trees，and g ut 2． (green) their hmetwns．
China's Tree Planting Day culd date back t a prpsal 3． (make) by Ling Dayang and Qingming Festival (April 5th) 4． (adpt) as Tree Planting Day then．Hwever，April 5th was a late time fr treeplanting in Suthern China，s it was changed t March 12th in rder t memrize Sun Yatsen，5． passed away n March 12th．
In February 1979，the 5th Natinal Peple's Cngress f PRC made a 6． (decide) that March 12th wuld be taken as Tree Planting Day，requiring the whle cuntry t carry ut treeplanting 7． (activity) n this day．
Nw treeplanting in spring has becme a bit f traditin fr Chinese．Fr thse 8． (live) in big cities，Natinal Tree Planting Day is 9． excellent time fr skipping the city．They ften take the planting as a nice shrt tur back t nature with their family members．After their fieldwrk tgether，they nt nly harvest 10． (gd) envirnment but als mre harmnius family relatins as well as mre enthusiasm fr the future．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国的植树节的由来及其意义。
1．fr [考查介词。此处表示在这一天数百万中国人会暂时放下手中的工作，带上铁锹、水桶和树苗，走出家门绿化自己的家乡。fr a mment是固定短语，意为“暂时”。]
2．t green [考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式表示目的，green在此为动词，意为“绿化”。]
3．made [考查非谓语动词。此句谓语是culd date back t，空处为非谓语动词作定语，make与prpsal之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。]
4．was adpted [考查动词的时态和语态和主谓一致。此处描述过去的事情，又因主语与adpt之间是动宾关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。]
5．wh [考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指“人”，从句中缺少主语，故用wh引导非限制性定语从句。]
6．decisin [考查名词。冠词a后应用名词，make a decisin“作出决定”，是固定短语。]
7．activities [考查名词复数。activity在此表示“活动”是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故应用其复数形式。]
8．living [考查非谓语动词。对于生活在大城市的人来说，植树节是一个离开城市的绝佳时机。live与其逻辑主语thse之间是主谓关系，且含有进行的意义，故应用动词ing短语作后置定语。]
9．an [考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且excellent的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]
10．better [考查形容词比较级。根据空后的两个“mre”可知，此处是“nt nly．．．but als．．．”连接的并列成分，故此处应用比较级。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·济南市高考模拟考试)
Tw mnths ag，Ryder Killam，a 15yearld French by was registered in a new schl in Hawaii．He just mved there with his parents．Althugh he missed his ld friends very much，he managed t adapt t his new schl life and sn made a lt f friends．
Hwever，waiting fr the schl bus every mrning ften meant real suffering because Ryder was brn with spina bifida (脊柱裂) and he has t live in a wheelchair．Hawaii is ne f the rainiest places in the wrld．This is nt an issue fr ther students，but fr him this was a different stry．He ften gt wet all ver befre the schl bus arrived during the rainy days．In that case，he culd nly have classes with wet clthes n r call his parents t send dry clthes t schl and finding a place t get changed，which was als a big challenge fr this disabled by．
T keep Ryder prtected frm the bad weather while he was waiting fr the bus every mrning，the students in Ryder's schl decided t take actin．They first upladed a pst n scial media asking fr an unused bus shelter but gt n reply．
Nt being able t find ne，the students frm the cnstructin class decided t take n the challenge f building a custmized bus shelter fr him and quickly put their hands t wrk．
As part f the high schl's Career and Technical Educatin prgram，the cnstructin class teaches its students basic building skills．Its main gal is t prvide students with tls and skills that will have real applicatins in future jbs and a meaningful impact n their cmmunity．They had already perfrmed several building prjects fr the cmmunity．Tw years ag，they managed t build dzens f shelters fr stray cats in the lcal park．Sn enugh，they came up with an idea f building a twwindw shelter fr Ryder．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Hwever，these teenagers fund building this bus shelter was n easy jb．
The day finally came when the new bus shelter was put t use．
【写作思路】
文章大意：15岁的Ryder Killam是一个天生患有脊柱裂的男孩，他和父母搬到了夏威夷，他和同学们相处得很好。夏威夷多雨，Ryder Killam经常在等校车时衣服被淋湿，这给他带来很多困扰。为了帮助Ryder Killam，他的同学们在网上发帖想要找一个不用的公交车候车亭，但是，无人回应。于是，他们决定自己动手……
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句可知，本段应该会呈现这份工作具体的难处，以及针对这些难处的解决办法。考生可就难处进行设想，并合理构思解决方案。注意在续写的时候要做到合情合理。
根据续写第二段的提示句可知，本段应该会讲到同学们终于建好公交车候车亭并将其投入使用的情况。考生可增加一定的戏剧性，如采用给Ryder Killam制造惊喜的方式等。本段中，考生应注意对Ryder Killam的心理状态和动作进行刻画，并升华主题，呈现一个合情合理又富有意义的结尾。
[参考范文]
Hwever，these teenagers fund building this bus shelter was n easy jb． First，they needed t design a shelter suitable fr Ryder Killam's height．Then，the shelter shuld be strng enugh t prtect itself frm rain and strng winds．Mre imprtantly，they needed t have all the materials prepared．The infrmatin was psted n scial media，calling n peple t dnate materials．This time，they received active respnses．After several days' cntinuus effrts，they finally made it．
The day finally came when the new bus shelter was put t use．On a rainy day，as yu can guess，Ryder Killam burst int tears when he saw a custmized twwindw bus shelter in frnt f him in the rain．It was s pretty．Everyne in the schl bus smiled at him，and he smiled back．It was the first time that he had kept himself dry after mving t Hawaii．He culdn't feel mre grateful t his schlmates frm his heart．He felt it a privilege t be taken gd care f．
续写语
料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2021·全国乙卷)When she reached ne nurse，she tried t press a fivepund nte int her hand．
2．(心理描写)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She was displeased with abslutely everything，nthing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．
3．(人物描写)(2022·唐山市模拟)Sweet，quiet Jennifer，sandwiched between the thers，required almst nthing frm me．
(2022·唐山一中模拟)The elderly wman entered the stre，alng with her daughter，wh was displaying a serius case f impatience，rlling her eyes，sighing and checking her watch every few secnds．I guessed if she had pssessed a rpe，she wuld have fastened it t her mther t drag her alng t keep step with the rush f ther shppers．
核心单词·语境运用小检测
1．They have repaired the buildings damaged(damage) in the fire．
2．Her father's death impacted(impact) greatly n her childhd years．
3．All citizens shuld help the plice in tracking(track) the criminals dwn．
4．Befre the hunter culd take aim，thse deer(deer) jumped ut f sight．
5．He entered fr many cmpetitins，winning several gld medals(medal)．
6．Millins(millin) f wild flwers clur the valleys，especially in April and May．
7．The scientist is making a research n hw t recycle(recycle) dispsable prducts．
8．He said that the berries were prcessed(prcess) int juice r sauce in this factry．
9．Outside the hall were sme wrkers prtesting(prtest) against their pr cnditins．
10．The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses(mass) as far suth as Newfundland．
派生单词·语境运用小检测
1．(2022·全国甲卷)The next step，accrding t the researchers，is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely(entire) n visual clues (线索)．
2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival (survive) f ur natural resurces．
3．The red ruler is three times the length (lng) f the yellw ne．
4．Scientists d nt knw hw much and what kinds f nises are harmful (harm) t cean animals．
5．If she had been aware that the mushrms were pisnus (pisn)，she wuld nt have picked them fr dinner．
6．There are varius gds in the supermarket，and the prices vary frm cents t dllars．The variety attracts many custmers．(vary)
7．When he suddenly appeared in the classrm，the students were cncentrating n listening t their teacher．His sudden appearance surprised them．(appear)
8．The applicants wh want t apply fr the psitin shuld hand in their applicatins．(apply)
9．He jined the rganizatin which was rganized by the famus rganizer as sn as it was set up．(rganize)
10．One f the wrst cnsequences f smking fr a lng time is that yu may suffer frm lung cancer．Cnsequently，yu and yur family will suffer a lt．(cnsequent)
高频短语·语境运用小检测
in danger f，build up，breathe life int，due t，cme up with，break dwn，in turn，call fr，get rid f，spring t mind
1．After many years，rcks break dwn int dirt．
2．The new staff came up with a practical plan at the meeting．
3．Increased prductin will，in turn，lead t increased prfits．
4．As is knwn t all，the panda is in danger f becming extinct．
5．The prject had t be abandned due t a lack f gvernment funding．
6．The mther tried what she culd t help her sn get rid f the bad habit．
7．It is said that the newspaper articles call fr severe punishment fr this crime．
8．Film critics are hping the yung directr can breathe life int the film industry．
9．She has always been encuraged t swim t build up the strength f her muscles．
10．When we think f creative peple the names that prbably spring t mind are thse f men such as Albert Einstein and Pabl Picass．
重点句式·语境运用小检测
1．(2022·浙江卷)特别先进的是，它有两台性能优良的电脑和一个大屏幕，我们可以用它们来相互分享我们的想法。(“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句)
Especially advanced is that it has tw wellperfrming cmputers and a big screen，with which we can share ur thughts with each ther．
2．尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱来指引自己。(while引导让步状语从句)
While we can't predict what will happen in the future，we can guide urselves with determinatin and lve．
3．我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友们也喜欢。(s＋助动词＋主语)
I adred this mvie and s did all my friends．
4．(2022·全国甲卷)当然，承担这个职责是每个人的责任。(it's ne's duty t d．．．)
Of curse，it's everybdy's duty t shulder this respnsibility．
1
harm [课本义]n．& vt．伤害，损害 [增补义]vt．使……受到损害 n．危害
2
variety n．[课本义]不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 [增补义]品种；综艺节目
3
survive [课本义]vi．生存，存活 vt．幸存，幸免于难 [增补义]vt．艰难度过；比……活得长
4
defence n．[课本义]辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 [增补义]答辩
5
cnsequence n．[课本义]结果，后果；重要性 [增补义]重大意义
6
break dwn[课本义]使分解(为)，使变化(成) [增补义]出故障；抛锚；(身体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(谈判等)失败；打破，消除
7
build up [课本义]逐渐增加，扩大 [增补义]增强；增强……的体质；(使)积累；创建；开发；吹捧
8
cme up with [课本义]想出，想到 [增补义]找到(答案)；拿出(一笔钱等)
9
[教材原句]As the human ppulatin cntinues t grw，s des the effect we have n animals．随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
10
[教材原句]While a significant number f jaguars survive here，they are nly ne element f this frest's fd chain．尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
动作描写
环境描写
defence，defend，survive，
cme up with，call fr，
spring t mind
hardwd，jaguar，
track，cnsequence
①I meant n harm t yu—nly t keep yu frm failing．
②There is n harm in writing(write) dwn yur name n the frm．
如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。
③If used imprperly，the medicine will d/cause harm t yu/d yu harm．(harm n．)
④If used imprperly，the medicine will harm yu．(harm vt．)
⑤If used imprperly，the medicine will be harmful t yu．(harmful)
cause harm t．．．对……造成伤害/损害
harm．．．＝d harm t ．．．＝d．．．harm 伤害……
There is n harm in ding sth．做某事没有害处
mean n harm t．．．对……没有恶意
harmful adj．有害的
be harmful t．．．对……有害
harmless adj．无害的
d mre harm than gd弊大于利；弊多利少
d a lt f harm t the crps给庄稼带来许多危害
①As we can see，the prices f vegetables vary with the seasn．
②Jin us t taste a variety f fresh lcal fd and drinks．
③I have a number f hbbies，varying frm playing basketball t playing the pian．
④(普通表达)He is always making up all kinds f jkes t make everyne laugh．
(高级表达)He is always making up a variety f/varieties f jkes t make everyne laugh．
a variety f＝varieties f种种，各种不同的；各种各样
varius adj．各种各样的；各种不同的
vary vt．改变；变更；变化；不同
vary with．．．随着……而变化
vary in在……方面不同/有差异
vary frm．．． t．．．从……到……不等
vary with the time随着时间而变化
vary in price在价格方面不同/有差异
vary frm place t place各个地方变化不同
①Sme strange custms have survived frm earlier times．
②I dn't knw hw yu all manage t survive n Jeremy's salary．
③It's said that the wman survived her husband by 10 years(比她的丈夫多活了10年)．
survive sth．幸免于，在……中幸存下来
survive n 靠……生存下来
survive frm从……留存下来
A survives B (by．．．) A比B活得长(几年)
survival n．生存；残存物
survive tw wrld wars经历了两次世界大战而幸存下来
survive n tree rts and berries 靠吃树根和浆果维持生命
①The traveller may fire at a wild beast t defend himself (he) in case he is attacked．
②Several peple spke in my defence at the meeting．
③The cuncil states that every child shuld be defended frm/against dangerus things．
④(2020·浙江卷)My wife and I used pepper spray t defend urselves frm/against being attacked(保护自己不受攻击) by the plar bear．
in defence f 保护；保卫
in ne's defence＝in defence f sb．为某人辩护
defend vt．& vi．保卫；防守
defend．．．frm/against．．．保护……免受……；为……辩护而反驳……
defend neself自卫
in defence f peple's interests保护人民的利益
defend neself successfully in curt在法庭上成功地为自己辩护
①We must answer fr the cnsequences f ur wn deed．
②My car brke dwn and cnsequently(cnsequent)I was late．
(普通表达)A great fire brke ut，and as a result，the huse was cmpletely destryed．
③(高级表达)A great fire brke ut，and as a cnsequence/in cnsequence，the huse was cmpletely destryed．
④(高级表达)As a cnsequence f/In cnsequence f a great fire，the huse was cmpletely destryed．
as a cnsequences(f sth．)＝in cnsequence(f sth．) 由于；作为……的结果
be f n/little cnsequence 无足轻重的，不重要的
cnsequent adj．作为结果的；随之发生的
cnsequently adv．因此；所以
in cnsequence f his bad wrk由于他工作表现不好
be f great cnsequence t all f us对我们所有人都非常重要
take the full cnsequences f yur behaviur 承担你的行为所引起的全部后果
Unfrtunately，the peace talks brke ①dwn in the end．As a result，a war brke ②ut between the tw cuntries．The native peple had t break away ③frm their hmes and suffered a lt frm the war．
④Mther brke int my rm(闯进我的房间) and tld me nt t stay up r I wuld break dwn(垮掉)．
break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入
break int．．． 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)
break ut (战争、火灾等)突然爆发
break away frm 脱离；逃脱
break dwn racial discriminatin消除种族歧视
break dwn the prject int sme smaller parts把项目分成几个小部分
①Greenhuse gases cntinue t build up in the atmsphere，causing the glbal temperature t g up．
②He drew the cnclusin by building n his wn investigatin．
③Their achievements built up my cnfidence(逐渐增强了我的信心) and determinatin in my career．
build sth．up 创建；开发
build sb．/neself up 增强某人或自身的体质
build sth． n sth．把……作为……的基础
build up ne's vcabulary 增加词汇量
build up ne's strength恢复体力，强身健体
build n earlier achievements建立在原来的成就之上
①Peple find it hard t put up with s much advertising in TV series that a rule has been made t ban it．
②Withut yur help，the experiment will end up with failure．
③After being ut f schl s lng，she had t wrk hard in rder t catch up with the thers．
④At the meeting they all came up with sme ideas(提出了一些想法) n hw t slve these prblems．
cme up升起；被提出；发生
keep up with与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with跟上(强调动作)
put up with忍耐，忍受；熬过
end up with以……结束
end up with nthing一无所得
cme up with new ways/ideas提出新的方法/想法
keep up with thse excellent students跟上那些优秀学生
①If my brther takes part in the cmpetitin t be held next week，s shall/will I．
②Henry is very clever but he desn't wrk hard at his lessns．S it is with his little brther．/It is the same with his little brther．
③He didn't knw what that wuld be，and nr/neither did I．
④(普通表达) His parents were nt satisfied with the results f the exam．His teacher was nt satisfied either．
(高级表达) His parents were nt satisfied with the results f the exam，and neither/nr was his teacher．(neither/nr)
“s＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示上文所述的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或物，意为“……也一样”。
“s＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示同意上文所述内容，意为“确实如此，的确如此”。
“neither/nr＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示上文的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也不……”。
如果表示前面两件事或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，则需用S it is/was with．．．或It is/was the same with．．．
When we begin cnversatins with new peple，we want t feel cmfrtable，and s d they．当我们开始与陌生人交谈时，我们希望感觉舒服，他们也一样。
①Sme f us were respnsible fr picking apples，while the thers packed them．
②After a while，she aplgized fr the way she behaved at the beginning．
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)While ur prgram was initiated last year(尽管我们的项目是去年开始的)，it has been gaining increasing ppularity amng the students as well as teachers．
④He kept in tuch with us while he was n vacatin(他度假期间)．
while当“虽然；尽管”讲时，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折。
while当“当……的时候”讲时，引导时间状语从句。
while当“而；可是”讲时，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。
while用作名词时，常与a连用，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。
While I was reading，I fell asleep．我读着读着就睡着了。
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Walking in the air full f smg is harmful(harm)t us．
2．N matter what yu like t d，there is a way t get invlved in varius(vary) activities n Earth Day．
3．There was a car crash yesterday，and f the six peple injured，nly tw survived(survive)．
4．All the peple，men and wmen，yung and ld，were fighting against the fld in defence (defend) f their wn hmes．
5．It rained yesterday，and cnsequently (cnsequent)，the match was cancelled．
6．T her surprise，smething unexpected came(cme) up at the meeting．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．There's n great harm in drinking a little beer t relieve tiredness after hard wrk．
2．Rms vary in size and are equipped with hairdryers，televisins and telephnes．
3．They can survive n very little mney．
4．She had t defend herself against/frm the guard dg．
5．She wrked hard at her lessns and as a cnsequence she gt high marks．
6．It may take a few weeks fr yu t build up yur strength again．
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Amng the peple is(be) a little by surviving the earthquake．
2．He is the persn tracking(track) me as far as the factry the ther day．
3．He decided t send his sn abrad fr further(far) educatin．
4．As a matter f fact，sme f their new prducts are highly prfitable(prfit)．
5．When I'm reading a bk，abslutely(abslute) nthing can get my attentin．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．The yung man was frced t leave the cmpany due t this mistake．
2．T be hnest，what yu said had n impact n the children here．
3．In fact，the yung vlunteers have breathed life int the ld club．
4．The villagers stayed in the shelter where enugh fd was ffered．
5．Hw many factry wrkers are in danger f lsing their jbs nw?
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国乙卷)Of thse Australians wh still have a landline，a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies．C
A．较远，更远
B．促进
C．另外的
2．(2018·天津卷)Future 3D fd printers culd make prcessed fd healthier．C
A．过程，进程
B．步骤
C．加工，处理
3．(2018·北京卷)14 hurs later the films had lst 13% f their mass—apparently brken dwn by enzymes (酶) frm the wrms' stmachs．A
A．质量
B．一大群
C．团，块，堆
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings，but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin．
句中we use为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词The set f speech sunds；that we find tday也是定语从句。
[尝试翻译]自从人类出现后，我们使用的这些语音并不是一成不变的。相反，我们今天发现的多种多样的语音正是多种事物如生物变化与文化演变相互交织、相互作用的产物。
2．(2022·全国甲卷)Shirley Fitzgerald，the city's fficial histrian，tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much f its past，including many f its finest buildings．
句中that引导宾语从句，the city's fficial histrian 是Shirley Fitzgerald 的同位语，对其补充说明，in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s是介词短语作时间状语。
[尝试翻译]悉尼的官方历史学家雪莉·菲茨杰拉德告诉我，20 世纪 70 年代悉尼在奔向现代化的过程中，摒弃了许多过去的东西，包括许多精美建筑。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
After arriving at the cntinent，he started t study 1．a variety f wildlife in sme regins．He was tld that there used t be masses f species there，but sme 2．disappeared(disappear) due t the bad climate．He fund that 3．it was entirely human activities that damaged the habitats f sme animals．Sme farmers pisned many animals while 4．using(use) chemicals．Sme peple tracked and killed animals t make a prfit．5．What they did really had a bad impact n sme animals，such as deer and frgs．He decided t d smething t prevent them frm 6．harming (harm) the animals，and thus he jined an rganizatin in defence f the animals clse t 7．extinctin (extinct)．In his spare time，he gave ut sme brchures and talked t sme lcal residents abut it．He als came up with sme 8．strategies (strategy) t help them recycle the ld materials and get rid f pllutin．He als tried his best 9．t get (get) them ut f pverty．As a cnsequence，mst f them stpped 10．prtesting(prtest) against his actin．Sme even set up sme shelters fr the animals n the hill．
Step 1．写作要点(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①2019年，被称为“地球之肺”的亚马孙(Amazn)热带雨林发生了特大火灾。
In 2019，a huge fire brke ut in the Amazn rainfrest knwn as the “lungs f the planet”．
②火灾可能对生态系统造成永久性破坏。
The fire culd cause permanent damage t the ecsystem．
③碳排放可能导致全球变暖。
Carbn emissin may cntribute t glbal warming．
④近年来由于人类的活动，亚马孙雨林一直在遭到破坏。
It has been destryed in recent years due t human activities．
⑤相关资料显示，在过去的30年里，亚马孙雨林已经缩小了六分之一。
Relevant infrmatin shws that in the past 30 years，the Amazn rainfrest has shrunk by ne sixth．
⑥如果这种现象没有得到遏制，在不久的将来，这片美丽的雨林将从地球上消失！
If this phenmenn is nt cntrlled，this beautiful rainfrest will disappear frm the earth in the near future!
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
In 2019，a huge fire brke ut in the Amazn rainfrest knwn as the “lungs f the planet”．The fire culd cause permanent damage t the ecsystem and carbn emissin may cntribute t glbal warming．In fact，it has been destryed in recent years due t human activities．Relevant infrmatin shws that in the past 30 years，the Amazn rainfrest has shrunk by ne sixth．If this phenmenn is nt cntrlled，this beautiful rainfrest will disappear frm the earth in the near future!
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
当我和我的朋友马克(Mac)正在长满阔叶树的丛林里走着时，我们看到一只美洲虎向我们走来。我完全快被吓死了。“谁会来保护我们呢？”我问道。过了一会儿，马克想出了一个好主意。他从包里拿出一些饼干，撕开包装，把它们朝四面八方扔了出去。结果，美洲虎没有追我们而是朝食物的方向走去了。我们沿着猎人的足迹走出了森林。我从这次经历中吸取了教训，那就是，面对危险我们应该冷静和勇敢。
My friend Mac and I were walking in the jungle full f hardwds when we saw a jaguar walking twards us．I was entirely frightened t death．“Wh will cme t defend us？” I asked．After a while，a gd idea sprang t Mac's mind．He tk ut sme biscuits frm his bag，tre the packages，and threw them away in all directins．As a cnsequence，the jaguar didn't chase after us．Instead，it walked twards the fd．We fllwed the hunter's tracks，walking ut f the frest．I learned a lessn frm this experience that when facing danger we shuld be calm and brave．
课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
eq \a\vs4\al(A) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时6分钟）)
(2022·开封市高三模拟考试)
Excellent films have a direct and prfund impact n kids f all ages．The fllwing is a list f wnderful mvies fr children．
Pkémn：Detective Pikachu
Pkémn：Detective Pikachu is a mystery adventure set in a fictinal city in which humans and Pkémn cexist．Starring Ryan Reynlds as the vice f a Pikachu wh can speak t nly ne human，Tim (Justice Smith)，the stry explres hw the tw team up t lk int the suppsedly accidental death f Tim's detective father．There's definitely sme vilence including a terrible car crash but nthing gets bldy．The main characters are frequently in danger，but n ne dies．The stry prmtes teamwrk，curage，and friendship and shws hw even the seemingly inexperienced can make a difference．
Artemis Fwl
Artemis Fwl is a scifi fantasy adventure based n the bestselling series by Ein Clfer．Artemis Fwl Ⅱ (Ferdia Shaw) is a 12yearld talent．When his father ges missing，Artemis frces fairy fficer Hlly Shrt (Lara McDnnell) t g with him int the dark，hidden wrld f magic and fairies t try t restre them bth．The bk series is tweenfriendly，s yu can expect the mvie t be friendly，t．
Frzen Ⅱ
Fr kids，Frzen Ⅱ is a highly expected 3D cmputeranimated musical fantasy film that cntinues the stry f Elsa (viced by Idina Menzel)，a queen with icy pwers，and her warmhearted sister，Anna (viced by Kristen Bell)．Althugh the details f the mvie haven't been annunced yet，it's safe t expect the return f Kristff (viced by Jnathan Grff) and kind snwman Olaf (viced by Jsh Gad)．
Star Wars：Episde IX－The Rise f Skywalker
Star Wars：Episde IX is the final mvie in the mst recent Star Wars series．Althugh the mvie's plt details are still cmpletely unknwn，it seems certain that many heres and villains (主要反面人物)will cme back．Expect anther thrilling，actinpacked scifi adventure；hpefully it will prvide a satisfying cnclusin fr tweens，teens，and up．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几部适合儿童观看的精彩电影。
1．What can we learn frm the first mvie?
A．Pkémn finally dies in the car crash．
B．Effective teamwrk can turn the tables．
C．It seems hard t make a lasting friendship．
D．There's a lt f bldy vilence in the mvie．
B [细节理解题。根据Pkémn：Detective Pikachu部分中的“The stry prmtes．．．can make a difference．”可知，Pkémn：Detective Pikachu这部电影展示了团队合作。故B项“有效的团队合作可以扭转形势”正确。turn the tables“扭转形势；转变局面；转弱为强”。]
2．Which f the fllwing mvies cmes frm Ein Clfer's bk series?
A．Frzen Ⅱ．
B．Artemis Fwl．
C．StarWars：Episde IX－The Rise f Skywalker．
D．Pkémn：Detective Pikachu．
B [细节理解题。根据Artemis Fwl部分中的“Artemis Fwl．．．by Ein Clfer．”可知，Artemis Fwl改编自Ein Clfer的畅销系列书，故B项正确。]
3．What similarity d the last tw mvies share?
A．They're scifi adventures．
B．They're musical fantasy films．
C．They're t vilent fr little kids．
D．They're keeping their plt details secret．
D [细节理解题。根据Frzen Ⅱ部分中的“the details f the mvie haven't been annunced yet”和Star Wars：Episde IX－The Rise f Skywalker部分中的“the mvie's plt details are still cmpletely unknwn”可知，后两部电影的共同之处在于电影细节尚未公布，故D项正确。]
eq \a\vs4\al(B) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·甘肃省第一次高考诊断考试)
It's n secret that walking is gd fr yu．Many f us are trying t get in thse recmmended 10，000 steps a day that ur wearable fitness technlgy urges us t achieve．But hw many calries are we actually burning，and hw can we get the mst ut f thse steps？Find answers in these ways．
D yu knw the truth abut calrieburning？Walking is a mderate intensity frm f exercise．T get the mst calrieburning benefits，then，it wuld seem that walking at a cnsistently light pace wuld make the mst sense．Pay attentin t yur heart rate and hw yu feel．Wearable technlgy can certainly prvide an idea f prgress tward yur calrieburning gals．Using fitness tracker equipment t help yu recgnize when yu reach yur target heart rate znes can help yu maximize the calrieburning．
Walking is ften cnsidered as a great fatburning exercise，and with gd reasn．Yu can't really walk at higher intensities because f the nature f the exercise；therefre，yu end up in lwintensity znes，where yu tend t burn mre fat．When yu're walking at a lighter intensity with yur heart rate in the 57% t 63% range，yu are mre likely t be using fat fr fuel．N matter what yur speed is，the frm matters．When dne with a gd frm，walking is an incredibly beneficial frm f exercise fr ttal health and wellness beynd mere calric burn．Mrever，walking is the mst accessible frm f exercise because it desn't require any special clthes，equipment r membership．
Whether yur gal is fat lss，increased fitness r simply enhancing yur verall health and wellness，walking ffers all these benefits and mre．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何在走路的时候以最恰当的方式最大程度地燃烧卡路里。
4．What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T intrduce the tpic．
B．T cmpare walking with ther exercise．
C．T explain the wearable fitness technlgy．
D．T shw the imprtance f 10，000 steps a day．
A [写作意图题。转折后面一般是叙述的重点，本段转折后面的问句设置悬念，又根据第一段最后一句“Find answers in these ways．”可知，下文应该会回答这些问题，因此，本段旨在引出下文，即本文的主题，故A项正确。]
5．What des the underlined wrd “intensity” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Depth． B．Strength．
C．Height．D．Distance．
B [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“When yu're walking．．．using fat fr fuel．”可知，当你以较小的“intensity”走路，心率在57%到63%之间时，你很可能用脂肪作燃料。由此可以推测，“intensity”的意思与B项较为接近。]
6．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．Walking at high intensities is recmmended．
B．Yur walking speed is the mst imprtant t calrieburning．
C．Walking can burn calries better if yu walk in a prper frm．
D．It is mre cnvenient t walk fr thse wh have gym membership．
C [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“N matter what ．．．beynd mere calric burn．”可知，无论你以什么样的速度，方式非常重要，如果以良好的方式进行，走路是一种非常有益的锻炼方式，不仅能燃烧卡路里，还能促进身体健康，故C项正确。]
7．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Walking 10，000 Steps a Day Matters
B．Walking Benefits Yur Heart
C．Hw t Best Burn Calries While Yu're Walking
D．Hw t Use Wearable Fitness Technlgy While Yu're Walking
C [标题归纳题。第一段最后一句“Find answers in these ways．”承上启下，再结合前面的问句可知，本文主要讲了“找到在你走路时如何最大化地燃烧卡路里的答案”，故C项“如何在你走路时最大程度地燃烧卡路里”适合作本文的标题。]
eq \a\vs4\al(C) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
The cling effect f trees reduces the surface temperature f Eurpean cities in the summer by up t 12℃ in sme regins．In cntrast，green spaces withut trees have an insignificant effect，accrding t a study that strengthens the case fr tree planting t help cities adapt t glbal warming．Jnas Schwaab at ETH Zurich in Switzerland and his clleagues used land surface temperature data cllected by satellite t cmpare the temperature differences between areas cvered by trees and treeless urban green spaces，such as parks and urban cnstructins such as rads and buildings．They analysed 293 cities frm acrss Eurpe．
The land surface temperature measured by satellite isn't the same as the air temperature，which is mre clsely linked t what humans wuld feel，says Schwaab．“Usually，the air temperature differences between treecvered areas and builtup areas wuld be much smaller than the land surface temperature differences，”he says．
The team fund that treecvered areas in cities have a much lwer land surface temperature cmpared with surrunding areas．The differences were between 8℃ and 12℃ in central Eurpe and between 0℃ and 4℃ in suthern Eurpe．
The cling effect f trees cmes largely frm shading and transpiratin(蒸腾)． This prcess takes heat energy frm the surrunding envirnment fr evapratin(蒸发)，lwering the surrunding temperature．In the warmer climate f suthern Eurpe，the sil is typically drier，s the cling effect f transpiratin is lwer than that in regins further nrth，says Schwaab．
The team als fund that the cling prvided by treeless green spaces is insignificant，and in sme instances green areas withut trees can even be warmer than the surrunding urban areas．
Extreme heat is a grwing prblem fr cities in Eurpe and elsewhere as the planet gets htter．The findings shw that trees can have a big influence n cities acrss Eurpe，but since the size f their effects varies，heat reductin strategies shuld be tailred t suit each regin，says Schwaab．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现树木可以帮助降低城市的地表温度，本文主要讲述了研究的结果、树木降温作用的原理和研究结果带给人们的反思。
8．What's the purpse f the study?
A．T measure land and air temperatures．
B．T suggest planting mre trees in cities．
C．T make peple aware f glbal warming．
D．T stress the imprtance f green spaces．
B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a study that strengthens the case fr tree planting t help cities adapt t glbal warming．”可以推断，研究的目的是号召人们多种树来帮助城市适应全球变暖，故B项正确。]
9．Why is the cling effect f transpiratin lwer in suthern Eurpe?
A．The sil is drier．
B．The climate is clder．
C．There are mre green spaces．
D．There are mre rads and buildings．
A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the warmer climate f suthern Eurpe，the sil is typically drier，s．．． in regins further nrth”可知，欧洲南部蒸腾冷却效果较差的原因是土壤通常较干燥，故A项正确。]
10．What might Schwaab suggest in the last paragraph?
A．Wetlands shuld be enlarged．
B．Dry sil shuld be reduced．
C．Mre rads shuld be built．
D．Slutins shuld be different．
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中Schwaab所说的“heat reductin strategies shuld be tailred t suit each regin”可以判断，Schwaab建议因地制宜，针对不同的区域采用不同的降温策略，故D项正确。]
11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Trees Cl the Land Surface Temperature f Cities
B．Researchers Raise Slutins t Extreme Weather
C．High Tech Lwers the Land Surface Temperature
D．Extreme Heat Des Harm t the Envirnment
A [标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“The cling effect ．．． f Eurpean cities”和最后一段中的“The findings shw that trees can have a big influence n cities”可知，本文主要讲述了树木可以降低城市地表温度，故A项适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)
(2022·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试)
I'd wrked fur mnths at a university when we had a gingaway party fr Sandy，wh was mving t Lndn．When I gt t wrk the next day，I was 1 t see Sandy there．“Aren't yu suppsed t be in Lndn？” I asked．She 2 me and said，“I'm Helen．”
I then fund ut that I have a rare disease—face blindness．This 3 sent me t the dctr．I didn't think much abut it． 4 ，I was a successful adult—wh wuld care if my 5 wasn't quite like everyne else's? Then，I met Dr Smith．“Yur ability t learn new faces is amng the wrst，”he said．“As fr cures，nthing s far has been very 6 ．” After a sad gdbye，I fled in tears．
I was 7 until Dad gave me sme imprtant advice．“Everyne just wants t talk abut themselves，”he said．“Just ask questins．” This 8 transfrmed my life．When walking n campus，if smene lked my way，I 9 ．If they smiled，I stpped t chat．Sn I became an expert at talking t 10 ．
This year，I celebrated my birthday with ver 60 friends，many f whm I wasn't able t 11 ．I was fine with that． 12 ，I can take curses t treat my illness，but I'd rather spend that time n smething I 13 ，like lking at birds．I get such a 14 identifying them． 15 my face blindness，I've learnt t see the wrld．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者偶然发现自己患有一种罕见的疾病——脸盲症。医生告知作者该疾病到目前为止没有治愈的可能性，作者因此很绝望。作者的父亲提了一些建议，这些建议改变了作者的生活。从那之后，作者变得更加健谈了，结识了很多朋友，学会了以新的视角看世界。
1．A．excited B．surprised
C．frightenedD．pleased
B [根据上文中的“a gingaway party fr Sandy”可知，空前讲举办派对为Sandy送行，第二天上班时作者又看到了“Sandy”，因此作者肯定很吃惊。故选B。]
2．A．stared atB．thught f
C．gt away frmD．reached ut fr
A [根据空前的“你难道现在不应该在伦敦吗？”和空后的“我是Helen”可推知，对方应是盯着作者看。故选A。]
3．A．disasterB．accident
C．discveryD．expectatin
C [根据空前的“fund ut”可知，此处是作者发现自己患有脸盲症，这一发现促使作者去看医生。disaster“灾难，灾害”；accident“(交通)事故”；discvery“发现”；expectatin“预期，期望”。故选C。]
4．A．HweverB．Smehw
C．AnywayD．Mrever
C [作者对这件事没想太多。因为不管怎样作者是一个成功的成年人，如果自己的大脑与其他人的不一样，谁又会在意呢？据此可知，anyway“无论如何，至少”符合语境，故选C。]
5．A．illnessB．grwth
C．faceD．brain
D [参见上题解析。]
6．A．prmisingB．ppular
C．cheapD．cmfrtable
A [根据空后的“After a sad gdbye，I fled in tears．”可推知，此处应是说医生认为作者的脸盲症没有治愈的希望。prmising“有希望的”，故选A。]
7．A．uncncernedB．impatient
C．desperateD．annyed
C [根据上文中的“After a sad gdbye，I fled in tears．”可推知，作者很绝望。uncncerned“不关心的”；impatient“没有耐心的”；desperate“绝望的”；annyed“生气，恼怒”。故选C。]
8．A．tipB．questin
C．explanatinD．warning
A [根据空前的“Dad gave me sme imprtant advice”以及作者的父亲所说的话可推知，此处表示父亲给作者的指点改变了作者的生活。tip“指点，实用的提示”；explanatin“解释”；warning“警告”。故选A。]
9．A．hesitatedB．smiled
C．panickedD．waited
B [根据语境可知，此处是如果有人看向作者，作者会微笑。hesitate“犹豫”；panic“(使)惊慌”。故选B。]
10．A．studentsB．strangers
C．clleaguesD．patients
B [根据语境可知，此处表达的是作者逐渐变得擅长与陌生人交谈。故选B。]
11．A．inviteB．trust
C．greetD．recgnise
D [根据上文中提到作者患有脸盲症可推知，来给作者庆祝生日的六十多位朋友当中，有很多人作者都辨认不出来。故选D。]
12．A．EventuallyB．Frtunately
C．ActuallyD．Hpefully
C [根据语境尤其是空后的but可知，此处表达的是“事实上，我能通过上课来治疗我的疾病，但我更想把时间花费在我喜爱的事情上，比如看鸟”。eventually“最后，终于”；frtunately“幸运地”；hpefully“有希望地”。故选C。]
13．A．rememberB．ignre
C．missD．enjy
D [参见上题解析。]
14．A．chanceB．thrill
C．shckD．truble
B [根据空前提到的内容可知，作者更想把时间花费在自己喜爱的事情上，而看鸟就是作者喜爱的事情之一，所以作者辨认这些鸟时会有一种兴奋的感觉。thrill“兴奋”。故选B。]
15．A．Accrding tB．Regardless f
C．In fear fD．Thanks t
D [根据上文内容尤其是空前的“I was fine with that．．．lking at birds．”可知，此处表达的是“由于脸盲症，作者学会了以新的视角看世界”。故选D。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时13分钟）)
(2022·天门市第三次质量检测)
假定你是校英文报English Sky的编辑李华，近期“文化古迹之旅”专栏向全校同学征集稿件。请你写一封征稿启事，内容包括：
1．稿件要求；
2．投稿方式(Englishsky@126．cm)；
3．截止期限。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：relic 古迹
Cntributins Wanted
[参考范文]
Cntributins Wanted
Intended t enhance cultural relics prtectin，English Sky is nw cllecting English articles fr the clumn—“Jurney f Cultural Relics”．
Cntributins are expected t be riginal and within 400 wrds．They can be essays，pems r stries．And thse cmbined with experiences f hw yu have helped with cultural heritage preservatin will gain mre favr．Please send yur article as an attachment t Englishsky@ 126．cm befre May 15th．
We welcme diverse fresh vices．Lking frward t yur participatin!
课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·成都市高三诊断性检测)
Edward O．Wilsn，knwn as “ant man”，was brn n June 10，1929，in Birmingham，Alabama．His parents divrced when he was yung，and he was mved frequently thrughut his childhd．Wilsn grew up explring the frests and wildlife．One f these adventures left him partly blind，but they als set ff his lifelng fascinatin with ants and their scial structure．
Wilsn earned his bachelr's and master's degrees frm The University f Alabama．In 1955，he received his Ph．D．frm Harvard University and wrked there until retirement．
Wilsn's early study f ants led t his first majr discvery in 1959：hw ants cmmunicate thrugh the release f chemical signals．
Later，in 1990，Wilsn and German bilgist Bert Hölldbler published their Pulitzerwinning The Ants．It detailed the insects' scial structure that was bth valued by schlars and accessible t general readers．
Anther f Wilsn's majr wrks started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Rbert MacArthur．The pair published The Thery f Island Bigegraphy，where they sught t explain why different places have different numbers f species．
What many cnsider t be Wilsn's mst imprtant cntributins t evlutinary bilgy came in 1975 when he published Scibilgy：The New Synthesis．The wrk explred the genetic rts f animal behavir and argued that genes shaped human behavir．
Wilsn faced accusatins fr these ideas but his wrk finally largely prved true．In 1978，his ideas n the rle bilgy plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature，which wn him a Pulitzer (普利策奖) Prize in 1979．
Wilsn published mre than 400 scientific papers and 20 bks．These accmplishments ffered him a type f superstar status，but friends and clleagues say the plite sutherner remained dwn t earth．“Prfessr Wilsn really listened and engaged with whmever he was interacting with，”said Crrie S．Mreau，wh was ne f Wilsn's final advisees．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了“蚁人”Edward O．Wilsn的成长经历及其伟大成就：自小父母离异，一次冒险经历使他部分失明，但他因此开始迷恋上了对蚂蚁的研究。他一生发表了多部著作和多篇论文，但仍谦逊礼貌。
1．What cntributed t Wilsn's passin fr ants?
A．His accidental disability．
B．The discvery he made abut ants．
C．The schl educatin he received．
D．His byhd time spent in nature．
D [细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Wilsn grew up explring the frests and wildlife．”并结合下文内容可知，由于在探索森林和野生动物中长大，他对蚂蚁格外感兴趣。]
2．What is Wilsn's first Pulitzerwinning bk abut?
A．The scial structure f ants．
B．The distributin f different species．
C．The links between bilgy and human culture．
D．The rle f chemical signals in cmmunicatin．
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“In 1978，his ideas n the rle bilgy plays in human culture．．．which wn him a Pulitzer Prize in 1979．”可知，Edward O．Wilsn在《论人性》一书中阐述了生物学在人类文化中的作用，并在1979年获得了普利策奖。故选C。]
3．Accrding t the last paragraph，which wrd best describes Wilsn?
A．Prductive． B．Humble．
C．Openminded．D．Independent．
B [推理判断题。根据尾段第二句中的“the plite sutherner remained dwn t earth”并结合下句别人对他的评价“Prfessr Wilsn really listened and engaged with whmever he was interacting with”可知，Edward O．Wilsn有礼貌并能脚踏实地，能真正倾听别人并与和他互动的人建立密切关系。据此可以推知，他是一位谦逊的人。]
4．What is the best title f this text?
A．The Pineering “Ant Man”
B．Discveries in Evlutinary Bilgy
C．A Leading Figure in Ppular Science
D．The Adventure f a Pulitzer Prize Winner
A [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首句中的“Edward O．Wilsn，knwn as ‘ant man’”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了“蚁人”Edward O．Wilsn的成长经历及其伟大成就，故A项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·郑州市高中毕业班第二次预测)
Nwadays scial media influencers have pwerful influence．The cncept f an influencer—a persn wh inspires r guides the actins f thers—has been arund fr centuries．Befre scial media，influencers were famus persns r pliticians far away frm ur lives． 1
2 A study undertaken in the US，the UK and Spain fund that yung peple spent 76% mre time n scial media in 2020 than in the previus year．
In an age when anyne can be an influencer，cntent creatrs use their cntent n scial media t influence thers arund the wrld． 3 They pst selfies in the latest fashin，livestream (网络直播) vide game sessins r inspire thers with mtivatinal persnal develpment advice．With their special knwledge r authrity in specific subjects，they attract thers in great numbers．
Because f this，yung peple can see themselves represented mre directly nline thrugh influencers．This can be imprtant fr the develpment f an adlescent's identity． 4 “It can be really helpful fr kids t see that there are peple like them，and if they are feeling hpeless there may be sme hpe that things are ging t be successful like their rle mdels，”Ellen Selkie，a researcher at the University f WiscnsinMadisn，tld the website Mashable．
5 When mdels talk abut size inclusivity (包容性) n their scial netwrking platfrms，fr example，it can develp a sense f cmmunity，which helps them shape their right attitude．
A．They can have rle mdels wh are like them and reachable．
B．It's pssible that yung peple use their scial netwrking platfrms．
C．On the cntrary，that kind f wrk and peple behind it shuld be celebrated．
D．Sme have even becme key pinin leaders，hlding great cultural influence．
E．The rise f influencers cmes as yung peple spend mre time nline than befre．
F．Hwever，the influence and pwer f tday's scial media influencers is mre nticeable．
G．Thugh sme influencers' actins affect the yuth's attitude t life，many can be psitive．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。当前在社交媒体上有影响力的人借助社交媒体平台发表的一些励志性的言论或观点给青少年的成长带来积极的影响。
1．F [根据本文的话题可知，本文主要介绍了现如今在社交媒体上有影响力的人，空前一句讲到了社交媒体出现之前的情况，下文讲到的是现在的情况，因此，本空应该形成转折，将话题转回现在，且与过去有影响力的人作比较，故F项符合语境。]
2．E [空处是本段的主旨句，结合本段的内容可知，本段主要讲了国外研究发现，2020年年轻人花在社交媒体上的时间比之前一年增加了很多，故E项适合作本段的主旨句。]
3．D [空前一句讲到了内容创作者用自己在社交媒体上的内容影响世界各地的人们，空后则阐述他们在社交媒体上有很大的影响力，故D项“一些人甚至已经成了主流观点领袖，有很大的文化影响力”承上启下，符合语境。]
4．A [空前一句讲到了“这对青少年的个性发展很重要”，而空后引用Ellen Selkie的话印证一些在社交媒体上有影响力的人对青少年有很大的影响，故A项“他们可以有像他们一样的、可接近的榜样”符合语境。其中They指代上文中的“yung peple”。]
5．G [空后是举例，根据例子可知，此处要说明榜样在社交媒体上的发言对青少年可以有积极的影响，故G项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·南充市高考适应性考试)
March 12th is China's annual Natinal Tree Planting Day．On this day，millins f Chinese，frm all walks f life，will put their wrk at hand aside 1． a mment，take spades and buckets as well as yung trees，and g ut 2． (green) their hmetwns．
China's Tree Planting Day culd date back t a prpsal 3． (make) by Ling Dayang and Qingming Festival (April 5th) 4． (adpt) as Tree Planting Day then．Hwever，April 5th was a late time fr treeplanting in Suthern China，s it was changed t March 12th in rder t memrize Sun Yatsen，5． passed away n March 12th．
In February 1979，the 5th Natinal Peple's Cngress f PRC made a 6． (decide) that March 12th wuld be taken as Tree Planting Day，requiring the whle cuntry t carry ut treeplanting 7． (activity) n this day．
Nw treeplanting in spring has becme a bit f traditin fr Chinese．Fr thse 8． (live) in big cities，Natinal Tree Planting Day is 9． excellent time fr skipping the city．They ften take the planting as a nice shrt tur back t nature with their family members．After their fieldwrk tgether，they nt nly harvest 10． (gd) envirnment but als mre harmnius family relatins as well as mre enthusiasm fr the future．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国的植树节的由来及其意义。
1．fr [考查介词。此处表示在这一天数百万中国人会暂时放下手中的工作，带上铁锹、水桶和树苗，走出家门绿化自己的家乡。fr a mment是固定短语，意为“暂时”。]
2．t green [考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式表示目的，green在此为动词，意为“绿化”。]
3．made [考查非谓语动词。此句谓语是culd date back t，空处为非谓语动词作定语，make与prpsal之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。]
4．was adpted [考查动词的时态和语态和主谓一致。此处描述过去的事情，又因主语与adpt之间是动宾关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。]
5．wh [考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指“人”，从句中缺少主语，故用wh引导非限制性定语从句。]
6．decisin [考查名词。冠词a后应用名词，make a decisin“作出决定”，是固定短语。]
7．activities [考查名词复数。activity在此表示“活动”是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故应用其复数形式。]
8．living [考查非谓语动词。对于生活在大城市的人来说，植树节是一个离开城市的绝佳时机。live与其逻辑主语thse之间是主谓关系，且含有进行的意义，故应用动词ing短语作后置定语。]
9．an [考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且excellent的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]
10．better [考查形容词比较级。根据空后的两个“mre”可知，此处是“nt nly．．．but als．．．”连接的并列成分，故此处应用比较级。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·济南市高考模拟考试)
Tw mnths ag，Ryder Killam，a 15yearld French by was registered in a new schl in Hawaii．He just mved there with his parents．Althugh he missed his ld friends very much，he managed t adapt t his new schl life and sn made a lt f friends．
Hwever，waiting fr the schl bus every mrning ften meant real suffering because Ryder was brn with spina bifida (脊柱裂) and he has t live in a wheelchair．Hawaii is ne f the rainiest places in the wrld．This is nt an issue fr ther students，but fr him this was a different stry．He ften gt wet all ver befre the schl bus arrived during the rainy days．In that case，he culd nly have classes with wet clthes n r call his parents t send dry clthes t schl and finding a place t get changed，which was als a big challenge fr this disabled by．
T keep Ryder prtected frm the bad weather while he was waiting fr the bus every mrning，the students in Ryder's schl decided t take actin．They first upladed a pst n scial media asking fr an unused bus shelter but gt n reply．
Nt being able t find ne，the students frm the cnstructin class decided t take n the challenge f building a custmized bus shelter fr him and quickly put their hands t wrk．
As part f the high schl's Career and Technical Educatin prgram，the cnstructin class teaches its students basic building skills．Its main gal is t prvide students with tls and skills that will have real applicatins in future jbs and a meaningful impact n their cmmunity．They had already perfrmed several building prjects fr the cmmunity．Tw years ag，they managed t build dzens f shelters fr stray cats in the lcal park．Sn enugh，they came up with an idea f building a twwindw shelter fr Ryder．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Hwever，these teenagers fund building this bus shelter was n easy jb．
The day finally came when the new bus shelter was put t use．
【写作思路】
文章大意：15岁的Ryder Killam是一个天生患有脊柱裂的男孩，他和父母搬到了夏威夷，他和同学们相处得很好。夏威夷多雨，Ryder Killam经常在等校车时衣服被淋湿，这给他带来很多困扰。为了帮助Ryder Killam，他的同学们在网上发帖想要找一个不用的公交车候车亭，但是，无人回应。于是，他们决定自己动手……
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句可知，本段应该会呈现这份工作具体的难处，以及针对这些难处的解决办法。考生可就难处进行设想，并合理构思解决方案。注意在续写的时候要做到合情合理。
根据续写第二段的提示句可知，本段应该会讲到同学们终于建好公交车候车亭并将其投入使用的情况。考生可增加一定的戏剧性，如采用给Ryder Killam制造惊喜的方式等。本段中，考生应注意对Ryder Killam的心理状态和动作进行刻画，并升华主题，呈现一个合情合理又富有意义的结尾。
[参考范文]
Hwever，these teenagers fund building this bus shelter was n easy jb． First，they needed t design a shelter suitable fr Ryder Killam's height．Then，the shelter shuld be strng enugh t prtect itself frm rain and strng winds．Mre imprtantly，they needed t have all the materials prepared．The infrmatin was psted n scial media，calling n peple t dnate materials．This time，they received active respnses．After several days' cntinuus effrts，they finally made it．
The day finally came when the new bus shelter was put t use．On a rainy day，as yu can guess，Ryder Killam burst int tears when he saw a custmized twwindw bus shelter in frnt f him in the rain．It was s pretty．Everyne in the schl bus smiled at him，and he smiled back．It was the first time that he had kept himself dry after mving t Hawaii．He culdn't feel mre grateful t his schlmates frm his heart．He felt it a privilege t be taken gd care f．
续写语
料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2021·全国乙卷)When she reached ne nurse，she tried t press a fivepund nte int her hand．
2．(心理描写)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She was displeased with abslutely everything，nthing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．
3．(人物描写)(2022·唐山市模拟)Sweet，quiet Jennifer，sandwiched between the thers，required almst nthing frm me．
(2022·唐山一中模拟)The elderly wman entered the stre，alng with her daughter，wh was displaying a serius case f impatience，rlling her eyes，sighing and checking her watch every few secnds．I guessed if she had pssessed a rpe，she wuld have fastened it t her mther t drag her alng t keep step with the rush f ther shppers．
核心单词·语境运用小检测
1．They have repaired the buildings damaged(damage) in the fire．
2．Her father's death impacted(impact) greatly n her childhd years．
3．All citizens shuld help the plice in tracking(track) the criminals dwn．
4．Befre the hunter culd take aim，thse deer(deer) jumped ut f sight．
5．He entered fr many cmpetitins，winning several gld medals(medal)．
6．Millins(millin) f wild flwers clur the valleys，especially in April and May．
7．The scientist is making a research n hw t recycle(recycle) dispsable prducts．
8．He said that the berries were prcessed(prcess) int juice r sauce in this factry．
9．Outside the hall were sme wrkers prtesting(prtest) against their pr cnditins．
10．The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses(mass) as far suth as Newfundland．
派生单词·语境运用小检测
1．(2022·全国甲卷)The next step，accrding t the researchers，is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely(entire) n visual clues (线索)．
2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival (survive) f ur natural resurces．
3．The red ruler is three times the length (lng) f the yellw ne．
4．Scientists d nt knw hw much and what kinds f nises are harmful (harm) t cean animals．
5．If she had been aware that the mushrms were pisnus (pisn)，she wuld nt have picked them fr dinner．
6．There are varius gds in the supermarket，and the prices vary frm cents t dllars．The variety attracts many custmers．(vary)
7．When he suddenly appeared in the classrm，the students were cncentrating n listening t their teacher．His sudden appearance surprised them．(appear)
8．The applicants wh want t apply fr the psitin shuld hand in their applicatins．(apply)
9．He jined the rganizatin which was rganized by the famus rganizer as sn as it was set up．(rganize)
10．One f the wrst cnsequences f smking fr a lng time is that yu may suffer frm lung cancer．Cnsequently，yu and yur family will suffer a lt．(cnsequent)
高频短语·语境运用小检测
in danger f，build up，breathe life int，due t，cme up with，break dwn，in turn，call fr，get rid f，spring t mind
1．After many years，rcks break dwn int dirt．
2．The new staff came up with a practical plan at the meeting．
3．Increased prductin will，in turn，lead t increased prfits．
4．As is knwn t all，the panda is in danger f becming extinct．
5．The prject had t be abandned due t a lack f gvernment funding．
6．The mther tried what she culd t help her sn get rid f the bad habit．
7．It is said that the newspaper articles call fr severe punishment fr this crime．
8．Film critics are hping the yung directr can breathe life int the film industry．
9．She has always been encuraged t swim t build up the strength f her muscles．
10．When we think f creative peple the names that prbably spring t mind are thse f men such as Albert Einstein and Pabl Picass．
重点句式·语境运用小检测
1．(2022·浙江卷)特别先进的是，它有两台性能优良的电脑和一个大屏幕，我们可以用它们来相互分享我们的想法。(“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句)
Especially advanced is that it has tw wellperfrming cmputers and a big screen，with which we can share ur thughts with each ther．
2．尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱来指引自己。(while引导让步状语从句)
While we can't predict what will happen in the future，we can guide urselves with determinatin and lve．
3．我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友们也喜欢。(s＋助动词＋主语)
I adred this mvie and s did all my friends．
4．(2022·全国甲卷)当然，承担这个职责是每个人的责任。(it's ne's duty t d．．．)
Of curse，it's everybdy's duty t shulder this respnsibility．
1
harm [课本义]n．& vt．伤害，损害 [增补义]vt．使……受到损害 n．危害
2
variety n．[课本义]不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 [增补义]品种；综艺节目
3
survive [课本义]vi．生存，存活 vt．幸存，幸免于难 [增补义]vt．艰难度过；比……活得长
4
defence n．[课本义]辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 [增补义]答辩
5
cnsequence n．[课本义]结果，后果；重要性 [增补义]重大意义
6
break dwn[课本义]使分解(为)，使变化(成) [增补义]出故障；抛锚；(身体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(谈判等)失败；打破，消除
7
build up [课本义]逐渐增加，扩大 [增补义]增强；增强……的体质；(使)积累；创建；开发；吹捧
8
cme up with [课本义]想出，想到 [增补义]找到(答案)；拿出(一笔钱等)
9
[教材原句]As the human ppulatin cntinues t grw，s des the effect we have n animals．随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
10
[教材原句]While a significant number f jaguars survive here，they are nly ne element f this frest's fd chain．尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
动作描写
环境描写
defence，defend，survive，
cme up with，call fr，
spring t mind
hardwd，jaguar，
track，cnsequence
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