译林版高考英语一轮复习必修第3册UNIT4 Scientists who changed the world课时学案

这是一份译林版高考英语一轮复习必修第3册UNIT4 Scientists who changed the world课时学案，共33页。

①(2021·浙江卷)He had always intended t buy/buying(buy) a new truck but culdn't affrd it．
②This mney is intended fr the develpment f the turist industry．
③We cme here with the intentin f learning knwledge．
④I had intended t g/intended t have gne ut with yu(本打算和你一起出去) this weekend but smething unexpected happened．
⑤The prgram，(which was) intended t help the hmeless(为了帮助无家可归的人)，was set up．
intend t d sth．＝ intend ding sth．打算做某事
had intended t d sth．＝intended t d sth．本来打算做某事
intended adj．故意的，有意的；打算中的
be intended fr．．．为……打算/设计的
be intended t d sth．打算做某事
intentin n．意图，目的，企图
with the intentin f ding/t d．．．抱有做……的目的/打算
intend staying lng打算长期逗留
be intended fr children为儿童设计的
intend t pay fr the damage打算赔偿损失
①I came t realize that the key t success lay in trying t surrund myself with creative peple．
②He is a brilliant figure，wh was well educated and brught up in superir surrundings(surrund)．
③(2020·浙江卷)The hungry bear fllwed its nse t ur camp，which was surrunded with/by a high wire fence(被高高的铁丝篱笆包围着)．
surrund．．．with．．．用……把……围住
be surrunded by/with．．．被……包围
surrunding adj．周围的
surrundings n．环境(指周围具体的自然环境)
be surrunded by lve and kindness备受关爱
like pleasant/cmfrtable surrundings喜欢令人愉快的/舒适的环境
find himself surrunded by crwds f admirers发现他自己被成群的仰慕者团团围住
①Everyne present at the meeting was in favur f what he put frward．
②Please d me a favur and g t the shp fr me．
③I'm writing this letter，asking yu a favur/ ask a favur f yu(请你帮助我) with my cming interview．
④(普通表达)Culd yu help me take these bags in?
(高级表达)Culd yu d me the favur t take these bags in？
in favur f 赞同，支持
in sb．'s favur 对某人有利；有助于某人
d sb．the favur t d sth．帮助某人做某事
ask a favur f sb．＝ask sb．a favur 请某人帮忙
favurable adj．赞成的；有利的；讨人喜欢的
win the favur f the bss赢得老板的好感
g ut f favur已过时；失宠；不再受欢迎
①Hw much mney did the authrities charge yu fr running the shp withut a permit?
②The man wh had taken charge f the cmpany was charged (charge) with taking drugs．
他不能掌管这个项目，因为这超出了他的能力。
③He can't take charge f the prgramme because it is beynd his ability．
④The prgramme can't be in the charge f him because it's beynd his ability．
⑤He can't be in charge f the prgramme because it is beynd his ability．
charge sb．fr sth．为某物而向某人收费
charge sb．with (ding) sth．＝ accuse sb．f (ding) sth．指控某人(做)某事
in charge f．．．负责/主管……
in the charge f．．．由……掌管
take charge f 负责，掌管
free f charge 免费
charge int the rm冲进屋
deliver free f charge免费送货上门
dismiss the charge against him驳回对他的指控
charge tw dllars fr repairing the bike修自行车索价两美元
When an idea ccurred t him，he first applied it ①t his wrk．He als applied ②fr a patent abut it．Then he applied ③himself(he) t it and made necessary changes．
(普通表达)If yu apply yurself t the jb in hand，yu'll sn finish it．
④(高级表达)Applying yurself t the jb in hand，yu'll sn finish it．(动词­ing形式短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Apply yurself t the jb in hand，and yu'll sn finish it．(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
apply t 适用于；向……申请
apply (t．．．) fr．．．(向……)申请……
apply．．．t．．．把……运用于或涂抹于……
apply neself t 致力于，专心于
apply t d．．．申请做……
applicatin n．申请(书)；应用
applicant n．申请人
apply fr the jb 申请这项工作
apply a thery t practice把理论应用于实践
apply t the cnsulate fr a visa 向领事馆申请签证
apply ne's energies t finding a slutin 全力想出一个解决的办法
①I was permitted t talk (talk) t the prisner and the guards permitted me t bring (bring) my camera and tape recrder．
②The rules f the schl d nt permit parking (park) near the schl gate．
天气允许的话，我们将先乘计程车然后再飞往我们的目的地。
③Weather permitting，we will take a cab first and then fly t ur destinatin．(独立主格结构)
④If weather permits，we will take a cab first and then fly t ur destinatin．(条件状语从句)
permit (ding) sth．允许(做)某事
permit sb．(t d) sth．允许某人(做)某事
time/weather permitting＝if time/weather permits时间/天气允许的话
a driver's/driving permit驾驶执照
permissin n．允许；许可
withut permissin未经许可
apply fr a parking permit申请停车许可证
permit us t enter the rm允许我们进入该房间
give yu permissin t cme here批准你到这里来
ask fr permissin请求允许
①The persn referred t in the news is the president f the cmpany，wh is referred(refer) t as ne f the greatest entrepreneurs in China．
②In/With reference t yur questin abut the cst，the tickets fr the film are 35 yuan each．
③Please wait patiently fr a few days．We have referred yur cmplaint t(已将你们的投诉提交给) ur supplier．
refer t．．．as．．．把……称作……
refer．．．t．．．把……提交给……
reference n．谈到，提到；参考，查阅
in/with reference t 关于
refer t yur ntes/dictinary查阅你的笔记/词典
refer t the names f victims提到受害者的姓名
refer t the events f last year提到/涉及去年的事件
①It was when we were returning hme that I realized what a gd feeling it was t have helped smene in truble．
②Was it because Jack came late fr schl that Mr．Smith gt angry?
③(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)It was nt nly the gift but als the lve f the children fr her that(不仅是礼物，还有孩子们对她的爱) mved her very much．
④(普通表达)She didn't mentin her wn plan until near the end f the letter．
(高级表达)It was nt until near the end f the letter that she mentined her wn plan．
强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋句子其他成分．
强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋句子其他成分？
强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他成分？
nt．．．until．．．结构的强调句型：It is/was nt until．．．that．．．
It was nt until they pinted ut my fault that I realized it．直到他们指出了我的错误，我才意识到。
Why was it that they had t put ff their trip t Beijing？是什么原因使他们不得不推迟去北京的旅行的？
①I like it when she sings sngs t me．
②A teacher shuldn't take it fr granted that every student has understd what he said in class．
④(普通表达)Yu can rely n my helping yu when yu are in truble．
(高级表达)Yu can rely n it that I will help yu when yu are in truble．(it作形式宾语)
在“take it fr granted＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的有rely n/depend n/see t it＋that从句；appreciate it＋if从句；like/hate it＋when从句。
We shuldn't take it fr granted that ur parents will take care f us frever．不要认为父母永远照顾我们是一件理所当然的事。
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．They decided t pstpne the trip until the cnditins were mre favurable(favur)．
2．He was charged with stealing(steal) a car last week．
3．They went int twn with the intentin f visiting the library，where they culd brrw the bks intended(intend) fr children．
4．Once upn a time，a king lived in a castle surrunded(surrund) by many trees．
5．He charged(charge) int the crwd．“Break it up！” he shuted．
6．I'm applying fr a part­time jb at a freign cmpany，and I have just cmpleted my applicatin(apply) letter．
7．With yur permissin(permit)，I will carry ut the prject as sn as pssible．
8．It is said that he is referred(refer) t as a living Lei Feng．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．When Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn't intended fr him，he did smething special．
2．The ld prfessr lved t surrund himself with yung peple．
3．Nw I wnder whether yu culd d me a favur．
4．He charged me 50 yuan fr repairing the mbile phne．
5．If the cnstitutin said that all peple were free and equal，then she thught it shuld apply t her．
6．They wuld never refer t that matter again．
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．When his mther was yung，she wrked as a cnductr(cnduct) n a train．
2．He didn't tell us why he had pstpned revealing(reveal) the secret．
3．The new furniture in the cntainer(cntain) was fr the ld peple there．
4．He was searching fr sme data indicating(indicate) that the thery wasn't practical．
5．At the end f the cmpetitin，the judge declared Tm t be (be) the winner．
6．The reprt will be published(publish) n the Internet．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．All his debts paid ff，he sank int his chair，smiling with relief．
2．The man jumped ff a train which was ging at a high speed and was badly injured．
3．Scientific research shws that wmen tend t survive their husbands by 5－10 years．
4．The reference bk is f great imprtance t my writing．
5．I fund the key that I had lst fr a lng time by accident when I was cleaning the rm．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my secnd year at the city cllege，I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse，called Thinking Chess，fr three credits．A
A．学分
B．赞扬
C．信用
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me．B
A．充电
B．猛冲
C．控告
3．(2018·北京卷)T cnfirm that the wrms' chewing alne was nt respnsible fr the plyethylene breakdwn，the researchers made sme wrms int paste (糊状物) and applied it t plastic films．A
A．涂，敷
B．应用
C．申请
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area．
句中that live within the Giant Panda Range为定语从句，修饰先行词all the species；and连接并列不定式短语。
[尝试翻译]大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫所在区域内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。
2．(2022·全国乙卷)That is the very likely future f applying tday's “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis．
句中that引导宾语从句，动词­ing形式短语making sure．．．作介词t的宾语。
[尝试翻译]未来这是极有可能的，运用今天的 “空中之眼” 技术来确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候地安全运行。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
When he was yung，he was interested in traditinal Chinese medicine，1．intending(intend) t be a famus dctr．Once sme villagers develped a deadly disease he wuld refer t sme ancient bks and cure them using sme herbs．Their 2．survival(survive) encuraged him s greatly 3．that he began t d mre scientific experiments beneficial t the villagers' health，explring a brader wrld．At the time gd equipment was 4．limited(limit) and he culdn't get sufficient data，5．but he never gave up．Ten years later，his effrts paid ff！He gave lectures n traditinal Chinese medicine in different prvinces．He als wrte a nicely illustrated bk and had it 6．published(publish) when he was fifty and that bk permitted thse 7．wh were ignrant f traditinal Chinese medicine t learn a lt．After sme research，he put frward a new thery abut hw t deal with sme deadly diseases．Sme dctrs applied his thery t their wrk．He appreciated the 8．freedm(free) t d his scientific research and he als cnsidered it t be his 9．respnsibility(respnsible) t d smething 10．beneficial(benefit) t the peple．
Step 1．写作要点(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①在我们班，李华是一个很突出的学生。
Li Hua is a very standut student in ur class．
②他已经出版了一本他自己写的书，但他不喜欢炫耀自己的才能。
He has published a bk written by himself，but he desn't enjy shwing ff his talent．
③他说目前他的知识是非常有限的，他还需要去探索更多的科学领域。
He says his knwledge is limited at the mment，and there are mre scientific fields fr him t explre．
④他将参加更多的志愿活动，这对于他的未来是有益的。
He will invlve himself in mre vluntary activities，which is beneficial t his future．
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Li Hua is a very standut student in ur class．He has published a bk written by himself，but he desn't enjy shwing ff his talent．He says his knwledge is limited at the mment，and there are mre scientific fields fr him t explre．Besides，he will invlve himself in mre vluntary activities，which is beneficial t his future．
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
一天晚上，汤姆被闪电和雷雨惊醒了。当他经过父母的卧室时，碰巧听到他们在争吵。最后，他的父亲提出结束他们的婚姻，这让汤姆很震惊。他非常愤怒。他打开门冲出了房子。他觉得自己被愤怒和沮丧包围着。大约过了一个小时，天空中出现了一些星星。慢慢地，他平静下来。他对自己说：“一切都会好起来的。我是不会允许他们分手的。我相信他们不会让我失望的。”
One night，Tm was wken up by the lightning and thunderstrm．As he passed his parents' bedrm，he verheard them quarreling．Finally，his father put frward ending their marriage，which shcked Tm．He was very angry．Tm pened the dr and rushed ut f the huse．He felt he was surrunded by anger and depressin．After abut an hur，sme stars appeared in the sky．Slwly，he calmed dwn．He said t himself，“Everything will be all right．I wn't permit them t break up．I believe they wn't let me dwn．”
课时分层作业(二十三)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
eq \a\vs4\al(A) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时6分钟）)
(2022·南京市模拟考试)
With the wrld's attentin n vaccines (疫苗)，nw it feels like a gd mment t sing the praises f an ften frgtten cntributr t their develpment．Three hundred years ag this mnth，Lady Mary Wrtley Mntagu gt her daughter inculated (接种) against smallpx，making her child the first persn in the West t be prtected in this way．Withut Mntagu's willingness t adpt a practice she had learned frm ther cultures，the intrductin f vaccines arund 80 years later wuld never have taken place．
Mntagu first witnessed inculatin when she accmpanied her husband t Turkey．Inculatin had started in Asia，prbably in China，as early as the 10th century AD．Mntagu bserved hw lder wmen in Turkey tk a tiny amunt f pus (脓) frm a persn with smallpx．They then used needles t make cuts n peple's wrists and ankles and added the pus t their bldstream．This helped peple gain immunity frm future infectin．
Like ther visitrs t the cuntry，Mntagu tk steps t ensure that her sn was inculated．This wrked well，but she knew that trying it in England wuld be far mre challenging．Inculatin perfrmed by unlicensed amateurs wuld threaten dctrs' prfessinal standing and ptentially rb them f valuable incme．Sme peple als disagree with the practice，as they saw it as ging against nature．
Back in England，Mntagu bserved the increased severity f smallpx infectins．Eventually，in April 1721，she decided t use the Turkish practice t have her daughter inculated，because she believed that the rewards wuld utweigh the risks．After a safe time had passed fllwing the inculatin，Mntagu allwed dctrs t examine her daughter．
Dctrs in Britain gradually accepted the practice．Abut 80 years later，a pineering physician fund smallpx vaccines t destry smallpx cmpletely．As early as last century，academics argued that Mntagu was n mre than an enthusiastic amateur．In truth，she made a vital scientific cntributin twards finding the cure fr smallpx．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。三百年前，英国的Mary Wrtley Mntagu在土耳其目睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这项技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她克服重重阻力，终于成功为女儿接种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。
1．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．The rigin f smallpx inculatin．
B．Mntagu's first access t inculatin．
C．The benefits frm smallpx inculatin．
D．Turkish wmen's inventin f inculatin．
B [段落大意题。通读第二段可知，该段首句“Mntagu first witnessed inculatin when she accmpanied her husband t Turkey．”为第二段的主题句；结合下文内容可知，该段主要讲述了Mntagu在土耳其目睹当地人预防天花的经过，故B项正确。]
2．Mntagu fund it difficult t try inculatin in England because ．
A．it was against human nature
B．it might harm dctrs' interests
C．it was beynd dctrs' abilities
D．it might shake sme peple's belief
B [细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Inculatin perfrmed by unlicensed amateurs wuld threaten dctrs' prfessinal standing and ptentially rb them f valuable incme．”可知，由无执照的业余医师进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难是因为这损害了当地医生的利益，故B项正确。]
3．What led dctrs in Britain t accept inculatin?
A．The increased severity f smallpx infectins．
B．A physician's discvery f smallpx vaccines．
C．The result f Mntagu's daughter's inculatin．
D．Mntagu's fcus n its rewards rather than its risks．
C [细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“After a safe time had passed fllwing the inculatin，Mntagu allwed dctrs t examine her daughter．”可知，在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Mntagu同意医生为她的女儿进行检查。根据第五段首句“Dctrs in Britain gradually accepted the practice．”可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种天花疫苗。据此可知，由于Mntagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗，故英国医生开始接受接种疫苗。故C项正确。]
eq \a\vs4\al(B) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·太原市模拟考试)
Mre than half a trillin dllars．That's the estimated value f all the stuff that U．S．shppers bught last year nly t return it—mre than the ecnmy f Israel r Austria．We tried new brands with unfamiliar sizes after seeing them n shrt vide platfrms．We verbught fr the hlidays，and we shpped verly nline，where return is between tw and five times mre likely than that frm stres．
Where des it all g? Take the blanket I bught n hliday sales fr example．I pened the package，nly t discver it was just t small fr my new sfa．S I returned it．Srry，blanket！What will happen t it?
“Yur blanket is very likely t be in a landfill，”says Hitendra Chaturvedi，a supply chain management prfessr at Arizna State University．“That is what cnsumers dn't realize—the life f the returned prduct is a very，very sad path．” Value is the big threshld (门槛)：Is the prduct wrth the cst f shipping back and paying smene t inspect，clean，repair r test it? Experts estimate that retailers (零售商) thrw away abut 25% f their returned prducts．Every year，returned prducts in the U．S．create almst 6 billin punds f landfill waste．
Many thers get resld in discunt and utlet stres．Sme g t sellers n websites．Sme get dnated t charities r get recycled．“These ptins have increased ver the past decade，allwing mre and mre returned prducts t find a new hme，”says Marcus Shen，chief perating fficer f B­Stck，a platfrm where retailers can resell their returned prducts ften t smaller stres．
As cmpanies cmpete n flexible return plicies，technlgy is als slwly playing a part：helping shppers buy the right size sweater r picture a new blanket inside their rm．Mst imprtantly，Shen says，shppers themselves are getting mre and mre cmfrtable with buying stuff that's nt exactly brand new．
“The idea f that is n lnger scary fr us，right？”he says．On his hliday return agenda is an electric，self­heating cffee mug that he has never pened，and he feels cnfident it will find a happy new buyer．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。过度网购导致退货的可能性是实体店的二到五倍，如何处理这些被退回的商品？有的被扔到垃圾填埋场，这导致了大量的资源浪费；有的被打折出售；有的被捐赠给慈善机构或被回收利用等。
4．What is paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A．The challenge facing the American ecnmy．
B．The urgency t cut dwn n nline shpping．
C．The returning prblem caused by verbuying nline．
D．The cst f finding new hmes fr returned gds．
C [段落大意题。通读第一段可知，该段尾句“We verbught fr．．．that frm stres．”为本段主旨句，据此可知，该段主要介绍了过度网购导致的退货问题，故C项正确。]
5．Why d sme returned prducts end up in landfills?
A．It's required by the return plicies．
B．It saves retailers 6 billin punds a year．
C．It's impssible t put them t gd use．
D．It's mre ecnmically efficient fr retailers．
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Value is the big．．．repair r test it？”可知，价值是判断如何处理被退回产品的重要门槛，即被退回的产品是否值运费、检验费、清洁费、修理费或检测费等，故一些被退回的产品被扔进垃圾填埋场是因为对于零售商来说这样做更经济有效。]
6．Hw des technlgy cntribute t lessening returned prducts?
A．By helping shppers make better decisins．
B．By restring the newness in returned gds．
C．By imprving the return plicymaking prcess．
D．By drawing pictures f the gds fr the shppers．
A [细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“As cmpanies cmpete．．．inside their rm．”可知，技术在减少退货方面慢慢发挥了作用：能帮助购物者买到尺寸合适的毛衣，或者在屋内用图片显示一条新毯子。据此可知，技术可以帮助购物者作出更好的选择。]
7．Which f the fllwing examples can indicate a desirable end result fr returned prducts?
A．Items n shrt vide platfrms．
B．The cffee mug．
C．The blanket．
D．A right size sweater．
B [细节理解题。根据尾段特别是第二句“On his hliday return．．．a happy new buyer．”可知，自动加热的电咖啡杯从未被打开过，他很自信杯子能找到一个满意的新买家。据此可知，自动加热的电咖啡杯的例子能显示被退回的产品的理想的最终结果。]
eq \a\vs4\al(C) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·海口市高考调研考试)
When mst f us think f sand，we immediately think f sunny beaches and summer hlidays．But actually it's in pretty much everything that surrunds us in ur daily life．Frm the walls f ur hmes t the glass bttles in ur kitchens and even the mbile phnes in ur hands，sand is the secnd mst used resurce in the wrld after water: it accunts fr mre than tw­thirds f everything that's being dug ut f the grund．But there isn't a limitless supply．In fact，a UN reprt says we might be running ut f it．
Accrding t the reprt，we use an estimated 15 billin tns f sand every year in the cnstructin industry alne．That's enugh t build a 20m×20m wall arund the equatr every year．Hwever，sand can take tens f thusands f years t frm: the prcess starts with rck being erded(侵蚀) in the muntains and ends，eventually，with sand being in river beds and n the seaflr．
Sand is heavy and difficult t transprt，s in develping cuntries，sand is ften mined frm the nearest cnvenient surce，and quite ften that means a river bed r beach．But beaches and rivers are delicately balanced ecsystems and when a large amunt f sand is remved，the balance is upset．The smallest fish，which eat rganic matters n the sand in river beds，is frm the base f the fd chain in a river．If this sand is remved，s is the surce f fd fr the bttm feeders．All rganisms in a fd chain share the jys and the srrws．Thus，when they disappear，s des the fd fr the larger fish which wuld have been caught and eaten，r sld by fishermen．
It is high time we tk int cnsideratin the big prblems cncerning the tiny things．Mre and mre cnservatinists are calling fr alternatives t replace sand especially in the cnstructin industry．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一提到沙子，大家立马会想到沙滩和夏日假期，但是实际上沙子的用途非常广泛。于是，有人认为沙子是取之不尽的。但是，根据联合国的一份报告，大自然中的沙子需要很长时间才能形成，人们采沙的速度远快于此。大自然中的沙子快要用光了，这将影响鱼类的生存，需要引起我们的注意。
8．Why are the things in ur daily life mentined in the beginning?
A．T shw the uses f sand．
B．T indicate ur relatinship with nature．
C．T intrduce ur lifestyles．
D．T stress the cnvenience f mdern life．
A [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“sand is the secnd mst used resurce in the wrld after water．．．ut f the grund”可知，提到这些东西的目的是说明沙子的用途广泛。]
9．What des the UN reprt imply?
A．Sand is actually ur mst used natural resurce．
B．Sand is used mre quickly than it's frmed．
C．The cnstructin industry desn't use sand wisely．
D．The prblem f wasting sand is wrsening．
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Accrding t the reprt，we use an estimated 15 billin tns f sand every year in the cnstructin industry alne．．．t frm”可知，作者进行了数据对比，这份报告暗示我们使用沙子的速度远超过沙子形成的速度。]
10．What des the underlined phrase “the bttm feeders” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The river beds．B．The fishermen．
C．The larger fish．D．The smallest fish．
D [语义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The smallest fish．．．s is the surce f fd fr the bttm feeders．”可看出，最小的鱼是食物链的底端即the bttm feeders。]
11．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．The Wrld Is Running Out f Sand
B．Alternatives t Replace Sand Will Be Fund Sn
C．Sand Mining Is Unfriendly t Nature
D．Sand Is in Need f Immediate Cnservatin
A [标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“But there isn't a limitless supply．In fact，a UN reprt says we might be running ut f it．”可知，本篇主要是说沙子这一资源快消耗完了。]
Ⅱ．完形填空 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)
(2022·济南三模)
Chle Smith is a 6­year­ld girl frm Atlanta，Gergia．One day，while taking a walk with her father near their hme，she 1 smething shiny under a pile f rubbish．She picked up the 2 t take hme，as she ften did n her treasure­hunting walks．Chle was later 3 t discver she had fund a stlen Olympic gld medal．
The medal belnged t frmer caneist (划艇运动员) Je Jacbi，wh wn gld while 4 fr Team USA in the 1992 Barcelna Olympic Games．The medal，alng with ther persnal belngings，was 5 in May f 2016 when smene brke int Jacbi's car．Thugh plice managed t 6 sme f his stlen items，they hadn't been able t find his 7 Olympic medal．It may have been lst frever，if nt fr a 6­year­ld girl's treasure­hunting 8 ．
Chle's dad had seen Jacbi's stry n the news，and 9 realized it was his stlen prperty．He fund Jacbi's email and sent him pictures f the treasure．After 10 the medal，Jacbi was astnished，just speechless．
Chle was 11 t give it back after speaking with Jacbi n the phne． 12 ，Jacbi prmised t speak t her class when schl begins again this fall．The 13 f this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his belved pssessin is 14 ．When we talk abut character and ding the 15 thing，Chle represents the Olympic values in every sense f the wrd．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小女孩克洛伊在散步时发现了前划艇运动员被盗的奥运金牌，并还给了他。
1．A．sughtB．buried
C．nticedD．drpped
C [根据上文“One day，while taking a walk with her father near their hme”和下文“She picked up”可知，此处是指她注意到一堆垃圾下面有一个闪闪发光的东西。故选C。]
2．A．wasteB．bject
C．materialD．antique
B [根据上文“smething shiny under a pile f rubbish”可知，她并不知道这是什么东西。故选B。]
3．A．embarrassedB．satisfied
C．frightenedD．shcked
D [根据下文“she had fund a stlen Olympic gld medal”可知，克洛伊是震惊的。故选D。]
4．A．cmpetingB．applying
C．cachingD．preparing
A [这枚奖牌属于前划艇运动员Je Jacbi，他在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上代表美国队获得金牌。故选A。]
5．A．brkenB．stlen
C．replacedD．deserted
B [根据上文“she had fund a stlen Olympic gld medal”可知，这枚奖章以及其他个人物品被盗。故选B。]
6．A．purchaseB．register
C．preserveD．recver
D [尽管警方设法找回了他的一些失窃物品，但还是没能找到他珍贵的奥运奖牌。recver“追回；找回”；purchase“购买”；register“注册”；preserve“保存”。故选D。]
7．A．securedB．prized
C．advertisedD．priced
B [参见上题解析。故选B。secured“有担保的”；prized“珍贵的，宝贵的”；advertised“广告的”；priced“附有定价的”。]
8．A．prjectB．decisin
C．habitD．idea
C [根据上文“as she ften did n her treasure­hunting walks”可知，此处是指一个6岁女孩的寻宝习惯。故选C。]
9．A．quicklyB．gradually
C．reallyD．carefully
A [根据下“He fund Jacbi's email and sent him pictures f the treasure．”可知，克洛伊的爸爸很快就意识到这是他被偷的财产。故选A。]
10．A．identifyingB．btaining
C．evaluatingD．investigating
A [根据上文“He fund Jacbi's email and sent him pictures f the treasure．”可知，此处是指Jacbi从照片上辨认出自己的奖牌。故选A。identify“辨认出”；btain“获得”；evaluate“评价”；investigate“调查”。]
11．A．srryB．eager
C．upsetD．hesitant
B [根据下文“Chle represents the Olympic values in every sense f the wrd”可知，克洛伊渴望把金牌还给Jacbi。故选B。]
12．A．In additinB．In fact
C．In returnD．In advance
C [根据下文“Jacbi prmised t speak t her class when schl begins again this fall”可知，此处是指作为对克洛伊的回报。故选C。in return“作为回报”；in advance“提前”。]
13．A．purpseB．reprt
C．attemptD．stry
D [根据下文“this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his belved pssessin”可知，此处是指这个小女孩让一个奥运会选手和他心爱的私人物品团聚的故事。故选D。]
14．A．heart­warmingB．breath­taking
C．eye­catchingD．life­changing
A [根据上文“this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his belved pssessin”可知，这个故事很暖心。故选A。heart­warming“暖心的”；breath­taking“令人叹为观止的”； eye­catching“引人注目的”； life­changing“改变人生的”。]
15．A．imprtantB．simple
C．interestingD．right
D [根据下文“Chle represents the Olympic values in every sense f the wrd”可知，此处是指做正确的事情。故选D。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时13分钟）)
(2022·武汉市武昌区质量检测)
假设你是晨光中学高三学生李华，你校创建了英语微信公众号“Vice f Chen Guang”，请你写一则广告号召同学们关注该公众号。内容包括：
1．介绍该公众号的内容；
2．号召同学们关注订阅。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：微信公众号WeChat public accunt
Subscribe t Our WeChat Public Accunt
Bys and girls f Chen Guang High Schl，we are prud t infrm yu that






[参考范文]
Subscribe t Our WeChat Public Accunt
Bys and girls f Chen Guang High Schl，we are prud t infrm yu that ur schl's WeChat public accunt，“Vice f Chen Guang” has been established．Each week，ur dedicated staff will present yu with a new issue，filled with selected news bth at hme and abrad，with insights and analyses n the current events frm students' and teachers' perspectives．At the same time，a list f majr events and ther imprtant dates will be prvided，such as schlarship deadlines，sprts matches，and club activities，s that yu culd mark them n yur calendar in case f missing anything．
Please subscribe，and let us help yu stay n tp f all the infrmatin that will prve t be vital in leading a memrable high schl life．
课时分层作业(二十四)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·贵阳市监测考试)
It's amazing hw ften we take advantage f things in life．When we're used t smething，we dn't always appreciate hw lucky we are t have it．While we're here cmplaining that ur Wi­Fi isn't fast enugh and that ur vides keep stuttering，there are peple in Africa wh dn't even get t eat three meals a day．While mst peple wrk hard fr the things they wn，it's imprtant t stp and think f what thers dn't have every nw and again．Yu may nt think that shes are smething wrth ging crazy ver，but a Ugandan wman wuld disagree．After all，she went wild when she put n a pair f shes fr the first time in her life．
That's what Laura Grier did ne day．The wman was in Bwindi Impenetrable Natinal Park，Uganda，when she felt it necessary t stp and help smene by the side f the rad．The persn in questin was standing arund withut any shes n，and the sight cnvinced Laura t give up her wn ftwear．She had mre shes at hme，while this wman had never even wrn a pair befre．
Laura's genersity was definitely appreciated by the stranger wh treated her benefactr (捐助人) t a celebratry dance．The wman culdn't keep the smile frm her face as she went wild in her brand new shes．Laura was thrilled that her gd deed had made the stranger s happy，and she cheered n the Ugandan wman as she danced in the street．
Next time yu buy a pair f shes，remember hw lucky yu are t have them．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过Laura Grier将自己的鞋给了一位无鞋可穿的乌干达女士的故事，来告诉人们——要懂得珍惜自己拥有的一切。
1．What des the authr talk abut in the first paragraph?
A．Her view abut what we have．
B．Smething that we are used t．
C．The appreciatin f her shes．
D．Her pinin abut the Ugandan wman．
A [段落大意题。根据第一段的中心句“When we're used t smething，we dn't always appreciate hw lucky we are t have it．”和本段的举例可知，本段主要讲述了作者对人们拥有的东西的看法，故A项正确。]
2．Why did Laura Grier give her shes t the wman?
A．T ffer sme help t her．
B．T shw ff extra shes．
C．T shw her curisity．
D．T exchange them fr a meal．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she felt it necessary t stp and help smene．．．her wn ftwear”可知，Laura把自己的鞋给了那位女士是想要帮她，故A项正确。]
3．Hw did the Ugandan wman feel abut the shes?
A．Strange． B．Thankful．
C．Shcked．D．Reasnable．
B [观点态度题。根据第三段中的“Laura's genersity was definitely appreciated by the stranger．．．a celebratry dance．”可以看出，这位女士对Laura的慷慨深表感激，故B项正确。]
4．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Never Expect T Much f Life
B．Dn't Admire What Others Have
C．Value What We Already Have
D．Knw Mre abut Africa
C [标题归纳题。本文第一段主要讲述了作者对人们拥有的东西的看法——人们总是对自己拥有的一切习以为常，而忘了感恩自己是多么幸运；第二、三段讲述了Laura将自己的鞋给了一位无鞋可穿的乌干达女士的故事；再结合最后一段中的“remember hw lucky yu are t have them”可知，本文主要想告诉人们要懂得珍惜自己拥有的一切，故C项适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·东北三校第一次联考)
Easy ways t imprve yur wrk prductivity
We all want t get mre ut f ur day but we dn't always knw hw t g abut it． 1 ．
·Take breaks utside
Getting utside t stretch yur legs can bst yur md and help yu t discnnect frm yur wrk fr a bit． 2 ．S taking a walk when yu take yur break will mean that yu return t yur desk feeling mre psitive and fcused，ready t tackle whatever task is next．
·Set a gd mrning rutine
A gd mrning rutine can make a difference t yur day．Set yur alarm a little earlier and use the time yu have t create a mrning rutine that refreshes and energizes yu． 3 ．Take time t read a jurnal，pick ut an utfit that makes yu feel cnfident，and d whatever yu need t d t put yurself in the right headspace t have a gd day．
· 4
Just as imprtant as setting bundaries when it cmes t yur wrk，set bundaries when it cmes t yur persnal and scial life．Make quality time fr yurself and the peple yu lve by setting bundaries regarding yur wrk and giving time and space t the ther areas f yur life．
·Get enugh sleep
5 ．After a gd night's sleep ur brain will feel energized and sharp，whereas a rugh night's sleep can leave us feeling slw and unmtivated．Make sure yu're setting yurself up fr success by regularly getting a gd night's sleep．
A．Stick t yur bundaries
B．Have a pleasant and fulfilled life
C．G fr a run r d sme yga t start yur mrning
D．Dn't ignre the imprtance f getting up early fr wrk
E．Here are sme easy ways that yu can imprve yur wrk prductivity
F．We cannt underestimate the effect that sleep has n ur prductivity
G．The vitamin D yu get frm the sun has als been prven t bst yur md
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种提高工作效率的方法。
1．E [根据空前的“我们都想从一天中得到更多，但是我们并不总是知道如何去做”，再结合下面四段的小标题可知，此处应承上启下，介绍提高工作效率的方法。故E项(这里有一些你能提高你的工作效率的简单的方法)符合语境。故选E项。]
2．G [根据空前的“走出去伸展你的腿能够振奋你的心情，有助于你暂时脱离工作”可知，G项“你从阳光中获得的维生素D被证明也能振奋你的心情”可承接上句，且与空后的“所以，当你休息时散散步将意味着你返回办公桌时更加积极，注意力也更加集中”构成因果关系。此外G项中的als也是选择该项的关键词。故选G项。]
3．C [空前讲到一个好的早晨习惯可以让你的一天变得不同，空后是举的例子，故此空应选与早晨好习惯相关的具体例子。故C项(以跑步或做瑜伽来开始你的早晨)符合语境，故选C项。]
4．A [根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲在工作和生活中设定界限的重要性。故可用A项(坚持你的界限)作本段的小标题。故选A项。]
5．F [根据小标题可知，本段主要讲充足的睡眠的好处。空后讲到良好的夜间睡眠有助于我们的大脑精力充沛、思维敏捷，然而，没睡好觉会让我们感觉迟缓，缺乏动力。为了事业获得成功，一定要确保你能经常得到良好的夜间睡眠。故F项(我们不能低估睡眠对我们的效率的影响)可承接下句，故选F项。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·苏锡常镇四市教学情况调研)
The classical gardens f Suzhu，Jiangsu Prvince，date back t the 6th century 1． the city was funded 2． the capital f the Wu Kingdm．Tday，mre than 50 f these gardens are still in 3． (exist)，nine f which are regarded as the finest embdiment (典型) f Chinese “Muntain and Water” gardens．
Built in the early 11th century n the site f an 4． (early)，destryed garden，the Canglang Pavilin has the lngest histry amng all the existing classical gardens in Suzhu．Naturally 5． (lay) ut and well designed，it is called ne f the fur best gardens in Suzhu．The garden lks simple but natural．Withut cmplex 6． (decrate)，it cmbines buildings with scenery s well 7． the whle garden appears t be endwed with natural beauty．Since many f the 8． (rigin) features f the garden have been preserved，the garden has a high histrical and artistic value．
The classical gardens f Suzhu 9． (be) the mst vivid specimens(样本) f culture frm the East Yangtze Delta regin frm the 11th t 19th centuries．The underlying philsphy，literature，art，and craftsmanship 10． (shw)in the architecture，gardening as well as the handcrafts perfectly reflect the mnumental achievements f the scial，cultural，scientific，and technlgical develpments f this perid．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文以沧浪亭为例，介绍了苏州园林的历史渊源、建筑风格以及艺术价值等。
1．when [考查定语从句关系词。空处引导定语从句，从句修饰先行词the 6th century，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。]
2．as [考查介词。根据句意可知，该处指“作为吴国的都城”。]
3．existence [考查名词。根据空前的介词in可知，其后应用名词形式。in existence意为“存在”。]
4．earlier [考查形容词的比较级。此处指沧浪亭于11世纪早期建于一座较早的被毁坏的园林遗址上，空处表示“较早的”，用early的比较级。]
5．laid [考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，和其主语it之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。]
6．decratin(s) [考查名词。根据语境和空前的形容词cmplex可知，空处应用名词形式，又因其前无限定词修饰，且decratin作“装饰图案”讲时既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，作“装饰风格”讲时是不可数名词，故填decratin(s)。]
7．that [考查固定结构。此处考查s．．．that．．．结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。]
8．riginal [考查形容词。空处修饰名词features，故应用形容词。]
9．are [考查时态和主谓一致。该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；主语“The classical gardens f Suzhu”为复数概念，故用are。]
10．shwn/shwed [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，和其主语The underlying philsphy，literature，art，and craftsmanship之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·潍坊市高中学科核心素养测评)
Miss Baugh taught seventh­grade scial studies．She was the kind f teacher that just abut everyne has had at least nce：Scary．Her reputatin was nt unlike that f Dracula．Miss Baugh allwed n nnsense(胡言乱语)．She drilled us and taught us t take schl seriusly．She als intrduced us t the cncept f “extra credit” fr a crrect respnse t a randm questin—and a frwn fr an incrrect ne．Miss Baugh had been teaching fr a lng time and knew hw t frighten even the naughty bys in the back rw，including me．She managed t scare us all．
But I als had a life utside f schl and had just discvered cheap prank (恶作剧) pieces— an ink bttle painted t lk as thugh it had verturned，and a piece f shiny black metal shaped like a puddle f ink．
Of all the peple I culd have played tricks n，I chse Miss Baugh smehw．At the beginning f the class，befre she'd returned t her classrm，I dared t apprach her desk．I pened her grade bk and placed the bttle and the black metal n ne f the pages，prudly nting that it truly did lk like spilled ink! Then I went t my desk and waited fr the fun．
I wasn't disappinted．When Miss Baugh saw the items，she let ut a little cry and lked fr smething t wipe up the ink．The prank had succeeded the way beynd my expectatins．But immediately she discvered that it was just a piece f black metal．She picked up the “puddle”，then the bttle，and examined them．She lked up with eyes sweeping arund the classrm with a deadly stare．Sme f my classmates wh had seen me set up the fake spill carefully avided lking at me，s as nt t give me away．Then came the unavidable questin: “Wh did this？”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
After a few vilent beats in my heart，I slwly raised my hand．


Miss Baugh was as strict as befre，but smething changed in me．




【写作思路】
文章大意：Miss Baugh是一位严厉的老师，班上的每一位同学都害怕她。作者是一个调皮的男孩，有一天，他把看起来像是被打翻了的墨水瓶和一块形状像墨水的黑色金属夹在Miss Baugh的记分册里。当Miss Baugh看到这些东西的时候，她信以为真。但她马上发现了真相，她把教室扫视一遍后，问出了那个无法避免的问题：谁干的？
谋篇布局：根据续写第一段的提示句可知，作者承认了这个恶作剧是他所为。因此，本段续写应该围绕Miss Baugh所采取的处理方法进行展开，可适当添加对作者心理活动和同学们反应的描述。再结合续写第二段的提示句可知，Miss Baugh采取的处理方式与之前不同，因此，考生应注意反转，以一种富有智慧和教育意义的方式来处理此事。
根据续写第二段的提示句可知，本段续写应该会讲到Miss Baugh的变化和这件事情对作者的启发以及作者的变化。考生在本段续写中应注意呼应Miss Baugh一直以来的教育理念，适当升华主题。
[参考范文]
After a few vilent beats in my heart，I slwly raised my hand． Miss Baugh fixed me with a stare that struck terrr int my heart．The whle classrm lapsed int dead silence．I thught a strm f criticism was cming，but unexpectedly，she just laughed．“Well，it certainly fled me！” she said，with a satisfying expressin spreading acrss her face．She returned the prank items t me，and fr a few secnds a sweet little ld lady appeared right where Miss Baugh std．
Miss Baugh was as strict as befre，but smething changed in me．She cntinued t lead us in ur scial studies with her serius attitude．I didn't play tricks n thers any lnger and was mre fcused n my study．And she became a gd teacher wrthy f respect in my heart just because I glimpsed that Miss Baugh had a warm nature beneath her stern face．That may have been the mst enduring “extra credit” I received in seventh­grade scial studies．
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·唐山市模拟)Wide awake, I sat up in bed befre dawn．
2．(心理描写)(2022·福州市模拟)I made effrts t remve the scar frm my heart．
3．(人物描写)(2022·温州市模拟)She was pretty with smth hair, always wearing a bright smile．
(2022·盐城市学情检测)The first day he walked int Mr Rwe's classrm, he ignred the ther students, lking angry and annyed, and slid int his chair, kncking a cuple f textbks nt the flr．
核心单词·语境运用小检测
1．They were charged(charge) with stealing mney frm the shp．
2．She has cnducted(cnduct) n Lndn buses fr twenty years s far．
3．In 1816，Argentina declared(declare) its independence frm Spain．
4．The publisher agreed t credit(credit) the authr fr his cntributins．
5．Over the years several similar theries(thery) have been put frward．
6．Grammatical errrs(errr) are always bvius t me，spelling mistakes stand ut．
7．If I can finish my bk by next March，it will be published(publish) in December．
8．Suppsing yu want t experiment(experiment) with electricity，what materials wuld yu use?
9．The new way was trialed(trial) in 2007 and incidents f cheating were dramatically reduced．
10．The mther pstpned(pstpne) all ther business t the task f smthing her crying child．
派生单词·语境运用小检测
1．It is knwn t all that a gd diet is beneficial(benefit) t health．
2．(2021·浙江卷)Many peple in China have limited (limit)expsure t English．
3．We'll be respnsible fr yur safety and yu need t take respnsibility fr yur actins．(respnsible)
4．I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage(marry)，but I culdn't manage it．
5．I want t be a scientist t discver a scientific breakthrugh t save peple's lives．(science)
6．When yu are traveling in a certain natin yu must respect its natinal law n matter what natinality yu are．(natin)
7．He is in ignrance f his serius illness nw；that is t say，he is ignrant that he is in danger nw．(ignre)
8．The rest is free space and can be designed freely．This gives residents ptimal freedm f chice．(free)
9．He indicated that an indicatr shuld give me sme indicatins f hw I did in the test．(indicate)
10．The village is surrunded by many tall trees and there is n mre beautiful place than it in the surrunding area，but the freigner has spent several weeks getting used t the new surrundings．(surrund)
高频短语·语境运用小检测
as t，take it fr granted，put frward，let sb．dwn，speed up，refer t，draw n，pay ff，by accident，make a difference
1．Musicians ften draw n their imaginatin fr cmpsing．
2．The driver decided t speed up t reach the destinatin ahead f time．
3．The man gave a lecture lasting tw hurs withut referring t his paper．
4．S many failures didn't let me dwn．Instead，I was mre cnfident．
5．The manager put frward a new plan and then they began t discuss it．
6．He always takes it fr granted that his friends help him all the time．
7．T be hnest，I'm in a puzzle as t hw t cnduct the experiment．
8．Jhn studied hard befre the examinatin，and it paid ff．
9．Walking an hur every day has made a difference t my health．
10．She arrived just as we were leaving，but I was nt sure whether this was by accident r by design．
重点句式·语境运用小检测
1．他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才被完全认可。(It was nt until．．．that．．．)
It was nt until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recgnized．
2．事实是，做早操对你的健康有利。(be＋f＋n．)
The fact is that ding mrning exercises will be f benefit t yur health．
3．如果没有你的帮助我永远也不会完成这项工作。(withut虚拟条件句)
I culd never have finished the wrk withut yur help．
4．不要认为父母原谅你是理所当然的事。(take it fr granted that．．．)
Dn't take it fr granted that yur parents will excuse yu．
1
intend vt．& vi．[课本义]想要，计划；意指 [增补义]打算
2
surrund [课本义]vt．围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 [增补义]n．(物品的)框，饰边；周围
3
favur [课本义]vt．较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 [增补义]n．支持；恩惠，善行
4
charge [课本义]vt．&vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
[增补义]n．职责；猛攻vt．& vi．猛冲；猛攻
5
apply vt．& vi．[课本义]应用；申请；涂；有关 [增补义]勤奋工作；努力学习
6
permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证
7
refer t [课本义]查阅，参考；提到，谈及 [增补义]与……相关，涉及；指的是
8
[教材原句]Hwever，it was nt until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discvering qinghasu，after many failed experiments．然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次失败的实验后发现了青蒿素。
9
[教材原句]Nw，we scientists take it fr granted that it is perfectly pssible t live and nt knw．
现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
动作描写
人物描写
环境描写
surrund，let sb．
dwn，permit，
put frward
evil，marriage
lightning，
thunderstrm，
bang