外研版高考英语一轮复习第1讲名词和数词课时学案

这是一份外研版高考英语一轮复习第1讲名词和数词课时学案，共8页。学案主要包含了名词单数变复数的规则变化，名词单数变复数的不规则变化，序数词的使用，分数等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第1讲 名词和数词
名词的数
一、名词单数变复数的规则变化
二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化
单句语法填空
1．(2022·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模)Accrding t plan，the high­speed railway will have tw branch lines(line)—ne is t Yanqing Statin，and the ther is t Taizicheng f Chngli，where the Olympic village lies．
2．(2022·江西模拟预测语法填空)The paper was used fr sealing up hles in walls and rfs(rf) in the cld and freezing winter．
3．(2022·银川市第六中学高三阶段练习)Hi，Mm reflects n hw Jia misses her mther Li Huanying，wh encuraged her t pursue her artistic dreams(dream)．
4．(2022·崇左高中高三开学考试)It mved millins f viewers(viewer)with the simple，pure and sincere emtin between mther and daughter．
5．(2022·福州高三期末)What impresses me mst is the fearless perseverance and enduring lve f Ms Zhang Guimei，wh has brught hpe t children(child) in the muntainus regin f Yunnan．
6．(2022·保定一模)That means scientists culd learn mre abut the evlutin f the mn and test ut new techniques fr estimating the age f gelgical samples frm ther planets(planet) and mns(卫星)．
7．(2022·新余高三一模)Viewers said it was nt the film itself that mved peple，but the heres (her) f the war years wh fught fr ur cuntry and peple，withut cnsidering their wn safety r even lives．
8．(2022·通辽新城第一中学模拟预测)China saw ver 10 millin live­streaming marketing activities in the first half f this year，attracting ver 50 billin views (view)，the reprt nted．
名词的所有格
名词的所有格
1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加­'s。
his father's bss 他爸爸的老板
2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加­'s。
tday's paper 今天的报纸
England's shre 英国的海岸
the car's design 这辆车的设计
3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加­'s。
a stne's thrw 近在咫尺
keep sb．at arm's length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人
be at ne's wits' end 黔驴技穷
4．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加­'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加­'s。
Jane and Mary's mther 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mthers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
5．双重所有格：“a/tw/sme...＋名词＋f＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend f her mther's 她妈妈的一个朋友
tw phts f hers 她的两张照片
单句语法填空
1．(2022·南宁模拟)In additin，the hstess' (hstess) cking will guarantee yu a wnderful chance f tasting delicius Chinese fd．
2．(2022·通化冲刺卷)The article cncludes that parents' (parents) educatin affects their children's future．
3．(2022·潍坊模拟)“Tday's (tday) stry is abut the success f a pr child，” the teacher said．
4．(2022·曲阜师范大学附中模拟)We'd better stay in a htel that is just a stne's (stne) thrw frm the railway statin fr the sake f cnvenience．
5．(2022·北海模拟)Studies shw that a child's (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her hme envirnment．
6．(2022·日照市五莲县一中模拟)All students'(student) hmewrk must be crrected n the same day by herself．
数词——基数词和序数词
一、基数词和序数词
1．表数量的数词叫基数词，如ne，tw，three...
2．表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first，secnd，third，furth，fifth...
二、基数词变序数词的规则
1．一二三要单独记：ne→first，tw → secnd，three → third
2．th要从四加起：fur → furth，five → fifth...
3．eight少个t：eight → eighth
4．nine删除e：nine → ninth
5．ve用f来代替：five → fifth，twelve → twelfth
6．ty变成tie：twenty → twentieth
三、序数词的使用
1．序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。
Mnday is the secnd day f a week．
星期一是一周的第二天。
2．序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于anther。
Wuld yu like a secnd cup f tea?
你还想再来一杯茶吗？
I had a third apple．
我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。
3．first，secnd等有时可表示一批人或物。
The first milu deer came frm China in the 1860s．
最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。
四、分数
1．分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如1/3：ne third
2．分子大于1，分母用复数，如2/5：tw fifths
单句语法填空
1．(2022·湖北高一阶段练习)In 2013，with the help f tw ther crew members，Wang Yaping delivered the cuntry's first space lecture，making China，fllwing the United States，becme the secnd (tw) cuntry t carry ut a space lecture．
2．(2022·玉溪模拟)The elevatr brke dwn and we had t walk up t the tenth (ten) flr．
3．(2022·平顶山第一中学冲刺卷)Saturn is the secnd (tw) biggest planet in the slar system．
4．(2022·廊坊市模拟)Each year，hundreds (hundred) f the animals are killed fr their fur．
5．(2022·通化三测卷)I'm a frequent traveller and I eat ut twice (tw) a day．
6．(2022·平度市模拟试题)It has been snwing，rughly every third (three) day，fr as lng as I've had the flu．
7．(2022·东营高三模拟)Its celebratins happened as early as the fifth (five) century． 题型
高考典题试做
命题角度解读
语法填空
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins(ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild．
2．(2021·全国甲卷)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs，but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers (watchtwer) t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines．
3．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use f annual flds t irrigate (灌溉) their fields．
4．(2020·浙江1月卷)Fr Japan，the numbers (number) are mre striking—22 in 1950，46 tday and 53 in 2050．
1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；
2．给出数词的基数词形式，考查其序数词形式。
变化规则
例词
一般情况加­s
map→maps；girl→girls；
huse→huses
以­th结尾的，加­s
mnth→mnths；truth→truths
以­s，­x，­sh，­ch结尾的，加­es
class→classes；bx→bxes；
brush→brushes；match→matches
注意：stmach(胃)的复数是
stmachs；x(公牛)的复数是xen
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加­es
city→cities；cuntry→cuntries；
party→parties；factry→factries
注意：以“元音字母＋y”结尾的则
直接加­s，如by→bys；ty→tys
以“辅音字母＋”结尾的，一般加­es
tmat→tmates；ptat→ptates；her→heres；Negr→Negres(e)s
注意：1．少数名词加­s或­es均可，如vlcan→vlcan(e)s；
msquit→msquit(e)s；mang→mang(e)s
2．少数名词只加s，如pian→pians；pht→phts
以“元音字母＋”结尾的，加­s
radi→radis；z→zs；
bamb→bambs
以­f，­fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加­es
half→halves；leaf→leaves；
shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；
wlf→wlves；wife→wives；
life→lives；knife→knives
注意：1．也有的直接加­s，
如rf→rfs；chief→chiefs
2．还存在有两种复数形式的，
如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/
handkerchieves
合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数
sn­in­law→sns­in­law
passer­by→passers­by
stry­teller→stry­tellers
g­between→g­betweens
grwn­up→grwn­ups
变化情况
例词
特殊变化
child→children；ft→feet；
tth→teeth；muse→mice；
特殊变化
man→men；wman→wmen
注意：由man或wman构成的
合成词，其复数形式也是­men和
­wmen，如an Englishman→tw
Englishmen；但German不是合
成词，故复数形式为Germans
有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法
细菌bacterium(单数)→bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)→data(复数)；现象phenmenn(单数)→phenmena(复数)