【学考复习】（江苏专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 第03讲 动词时态和语态(知识梳理 考点精讲精练 实战训练）-讲义

这是一份【学考复习】（江苏专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 第03讲 动词时态和语态(知识梳理 考点精讲精练 实战训练）-讲义，文件包含第03讲动词时态和语态知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练学考复习2024年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试解析版江苏专用docx、学考复习江苏专用2024年高中英语学业水平考试专题讲解第03讲动词时态和语态知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练讲义docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。
\l "_Tc6558" PAGEREF _Tc6558 \h 1
\l "_Tc15851" 考点一 动词的时态1
\l "_Tc26385" 考点二 动词的语态6
\l "_Tc23347" 8
\l "_Tc9551" 11
掌握动词的几种时态
掌握动词的主动、被动语态
高中时态和语态的主要考察点
一、一般现在时的特殊考点-----★ ★ ★
①在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时（主将从现）。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If yu will （愿意）accept my invitatin and cme t ur party, my family will be pleased.
如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
②用于表示起止的动词如cme、g、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、clse、end、stp等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
The shp clses at 11:00 p.m. every day.
③倒装句，表示动作正在进行
Here cmes the bus. = The bus is cming.
There ges the bell. = The bell is ringing.
二、常用一般过去时的句型-----★ ★ ★ ★ ★
① 用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气
If I were a bird, I wuld fly t Beijing.
If he were here nw, we culd turn t him fr help.
② It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该……了”
It is time yu went t bed. 你早该睡觉了。
③ wuld (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示“宁愿某人做某事”
I'd rather yu came tmrrw.
④用于I didn’t knw…或I frgt…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。
I didn’t knw yu were here.（现在已经知道）
Srry, I frgt t bring my bk.（“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了）
三、一般将来时中 be ging t与will / shall, be t d, be abut t d用法及区别-----★ ★ ★ ★ ★
①be ging t表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；
②shall / will d表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
③be ging t 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will能，表意愿。
If it is fine, we’ll g fishing.
④be t d sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is t be held at 3:00 ’clck this afternn.
⑤be abut t d sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is abut t start.
【注意】be abut t 不能与tmrrw, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
四、现在进行时的特殊考点-----★ ★ ★
①表示趋向行为的动词，如cme、g、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
I am meeting Mr. Wang tnight.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bdy befre six.)
②与always、ften、cnstantly、frequently等频度副词和frever连用，表经常反复发生的行为或说话时带有某种感情色彩。
The girl is always talking lud in public.
五、常用现在完成时的句型-----★ ★ ★ ★ ★
①It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句
②This(That / It)is the first(secnd…)time that + 完成时
③This(That / It)is the nly … + that + 完成时
④This(that / It)is the best / finest / mst interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时
六、常用过去完成时的几种情况-----★ ★ ★ ★ ★
① 在by、by the end f、by the time、until、befre、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。
By the end f last year, we had prduced 20,000 cars. The train had left befre we reached the statin.
All the students had been there befre 5 ’ clck yesterday afternn.
He said that he had learned sme English befre.
By the time he was twelve, Edisn had began t make a living by himself.
Tm was disappinted that mst f the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
② 表示未实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hped / planned / meant / intended/ thugh / wanted / expected或 用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hped / planned … + t have dne。
We had hped that yu wuld cme, but yu didn't.
③ 表示“一……就”的2个句型：Hardly / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when + 一般过去时或者 N sner had+主语+过去分词+ than+ 一般过去时。
We had n sner been seated than the bus started.
= N sner had we been seated than the bus started.
N sner had he reached hme than it began t rain.
He had hardly gt n the train when the train started ut.
Hardly had I pened the dr when Tm came in. 我刚一开门,汤姆就进来了。
七、将来完成时的用法-----★ ★ ★
表示将来某时刻之前或某一行为发生之前所 完成的动作。 常和by the time, by the end f next year或befre next summer等结构连用。
I’ll have arrived there by nn.
I’ll have finished reading the bk by the end f this week.
When we get there they’ll prbably have left.
---It's a cmplete mess. Where are the kitchen table tps?
---At the back. We will have placed them by 7 p.m. this evening.
八、将来进行时的主要用法-----★ ★ ★
谓语动词构成形式：will+be+ving
(1) 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作，常表示安排好之事。常与this time tmrrw mrning、at 7:00 tmrrw, at that time next week等连用。
表示预料不久要发生或势必发生的动作。
I will be watching the sunrise at the tp f the muntain this time tmrrw.
I will be having a meeting tnight.
These mnkeys will be enjying yur bananas when yu realize what has happened.
九、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别-----★ ★ ★ ★ ★
谓语动词构成形式：have/has been +ving
表示一个动作从过去某开始，一直持续到说话时还在继续或刚刚结束。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
(1) 表示动作从过去到现在为止，在此期间动作持续；
(2) 表示动作从过去到现在，并将继续持续下去。
I have been teaching English fr twenty years.
She has been playing the music f Beethven and Mzart fr tw hurs.
I have been cleaning the rm all the mrning!
She has been writing a bk recently, but I dn’t knw when she can finish it.
【注意】在不用时间状语时，现在完成时态表示动作已结束，而现在完成进行则表示动作仍在进行。
He has written an essay.他已经写好了一篇论文。（表明动作已经完成）
He has been writing an essay.他一直在写论文。（表示动作仍在继续）
I have talked t the students fr tw hurs. 我已经同该生谈了两个小时。（强调可能完成）
I have been talking t the students fr 2 hurs. 我一直同该生交谈，已经谈了两个小时了。（强调可能还在继续）
十、被动语态的固定句式-----★ ★ ★ ★ ★
汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示：
It is believed that... It is generally cnsidered that... It is said that...
It is well knwn that... It must be pinted ut that... It is suppsed that...
It is reprted that... It must be admitted that... It is hped that...
十一、主动形式表示被动意义-----★ ★ ★ ★ ★
1. 表示主语的品质和状态的动词与修饰语连用，用主动表被动。常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, ck, lck, wash等。
This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
The pen writes smthly.这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat wn’t keep lng in such ht weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The clth washes well.这种布好洗。
2. 一些系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见如：lk,smell,taste,sund,feel,prve,turn ut等。
The apples taste gd.
The flwer smells wnderful.
The news prved/turned ut true.
Cttn feels sft.
3. 不定式t blame, t let, t seek用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
Wh is t blame? 该怪谁呢？
The huse is t let. 此屋出租。
4. 某些“be+形容词+t d”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：(可在t前添上fr sb.)
The questin is difficult t answer. 这问题很难回答。
Yur writing is impssible t read. 你的书写没法认。
D yu think the water is safe t drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗?
5. 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have gt, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义：
I have sme letters t write. 我有一些信要写。
I want smething t drink. 我想喝点什么。
I want t get smething t read. 我想找点东西阅读。
考点一 动词的时态
【典例分析】
【例1】（2022·天津南开·高二南开大学附属中学统考学业考试）The fur f ur club ______ arund Sanya fr abut a mnth last summer.
A．have travelledB．travelledC．had travelledD．travel
【例2】（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）In ur campus , which was built many years ag.
A．a building stands
B．a building lies
C．stands a building
D．lies a building
考点二 动词的语态
【典例分析】
【例1】（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中学校考学业考试）Many mdern trains in the wrld ______ in Zhuzhu.
A．are creatingB．createdC．are created
【例2】（2022·天津河北·高二统考学业考试）In the past few years, imprtant advances ______ in envirnmental science thanks t increasing cmputer pwer.
A．are makingB．have madeC．are being madeD．have been made
一、单项选择
1．（2023·江苏·高二学业考试）My sn knws nthing abut his hmetwn. He _____________there.
A．has ever beenB．has never been
C．has ever gneD．has never gne
2．（2023·江苏·高二学业考试）Mre trees __________ n bth sides f the rad in ur city this cming winter hlidays.
A．are plantedB．were planted
C．will be plantedD．have been planted
3．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）We have t g anther way because the rad ______ nw.
A．is rebuiltB．is being rebuiltC．is rebuildingD．has rebuilt
4．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中学校考学业考试）Be quiet! A bird ______ smething n the windw.
A．ateB．eatsC．is eating
5．（2022·山西晋中·高二校考学业考试）I’ll g t the party if I _______.
A．invitedB．am invitedC．was invitedD．invite
6．（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）Hw nice it ______ t be back hme again after such a lng absence!
A．is feltB．will be feltC．feelsD．is feeling
7．（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）Over the Huangpu River ______ fur grand bridges in Shanghai s far.
A．have been builtB．have builtC．has been builtD．built
8．（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）China, tgether with ther cuntries, ______ against the plicy n the cnference.
A．areB．wereC．isD．had been
9．（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）He ______ as a teacher fr 10 years but nw he turns businessman.
A．has wrkedB．had wrkedC．wrkedD．was wrking
10．（2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试）The bike ________ t yu as sn as yu place an rder.
A．will deliverB．will be deliveredC．has deliveredD．is delivered
11．（2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试）The fridge still full. It’s unnecessary t g shpping nw.
A．areB．isC．wereD．was
12．（2022秋·广东清远·高一校联考学业考试）In the past few years all citizens__________effrts t make the twn mre beautiful and civilized.
A．have madeB．madeC．have been madeD．had made
13．（2022·天津河北·高二统考学业考试）—I didn't see Mike at the party yesterday.
—He ______ a driving test at that time.
A．is takingB．was takingC．tkD．has taken
一、单项选择
1．（2023春·天津和平·高一统考期末）Befre retiring, Wang Meng _______ fur gld medals at tw Winter Olympic Games.
A．wnB．has wnC．wuld winD．had wn
2．（2023秋·海南海口·高一校考开学考试）With Duble Reductin (双减) Plicy, students less hmewrk nw s that they have enugh time t take part in mre activities.
A．will giveB．giveC．are given
3．（2023秋·海南海口·高一校考开学考试）—Where is yur sister?
—She a birthday cake fr Mum in the kitchen.
A．makesB．is makingC．made
4．（2023秋·广东佛山·高一顺德市李兆基中学校考开学考试）The life we were used t ________ greatly since 1980.
A．changeB．has changedC．changingD．have changed
5．（2023秋·四川成都·高一成都实外校考开学考试）—What happened t Tny?
—__________ the mrning f a rainy day, he __________ a bike and hurt his legs.
A．In; falling ffB．On; falls ffC．On; fell ff
6．（2023秋·上海徐汇·高一上海市第四中学校考阶段练习）—Tmrrw ______ my birthday. I’d like yu and Jane t cme.
— I’m nt sure if she ______ free.
A．will be; isB．is ging t be; has
C．is; isD．is; will be
7．（2023秋·四川成都·高一成都实外校考开学考试）While I __________ the ftball match n TV last night, suddenly I felt the shaking f the huse. After a few secnds, I realized that it was an earthquake.
A．watchedB．have watchedC．was watching
8．（2023秋·四川成都·高一成都实外校考开学考试）Sharks shuld __________ t keep the balance f ecsystem.
A．be prtectedB．prtectC．have prtected
9．（2023秋·广东佛山·高一顺德市李兆基中学校考开学考试）I met Jim last week. We ________ each ther fr abut twenty years since we left Japan.
A．didn’t meetB．dn’t meetC．haven’t metD．hadn’t met
10．（2023秋·山东滨州·高一校联考开学考试）At the end f the schl day, mst students ________ by their parents. But I had t g back by myself.
A．pick upB．picked upC．are picked upD．were picked up
11．（2023秋·甘肃武威·高一统考开学考试）—Jim went swimming with his parents yesterday afternn.
—________.
A．S did MaryB．S was MaryC．S Mary desD．S Mary did
12．（2023秋·甘肃武威·高一统考开学考试）There ________ a new film n Mnday.
A．is ging t haveB．is ging t hasC．will haveD．will be
13．（2023秋·安徽·高一合肥一中校联考开学考试）During the Tang Dynasty(朝代), nearly everything prduced in the wrld ______ n the streets f Chang’ an.
A．is fundB．has been fundC．wuld be fundD．culd be fund
14．（2023秋·甘肃武威·高一统考开学考试）May I g swimming after my hmewrk __________?
A．is finishedB．are finishedC．finish itD．will be finished
15．（2023秋·甘肃兰州·高二兰州市第五十五中学校考开学考试） abut the universe up till nw.
A．S little had me knwnB．Only a little d we knw
C．Very little have we knwnD．Little shall we knw
16．（2023秋·甘肃兰州·高二兰州市第五十五中学校考开学考试）S badly in the accident that he was sent t a hspital.
A．did he hurtB．he was hurtC．was he hurtD．he did hurt
17．（2023秋·甘肃兰州·高二兰州市第五十五中学校考开学考试）Nt until Mr. Smith came t China what kind f a cuntry she is frm.
A．didn’t he knwB．had he knwn
C．hadn’t he knwnD．did he knw
18．（2023秋·云南曲靖·高一会泽县实验高级中学校校考开学考试）—I called yu last night, but yu didn’t pick up.
—I ________ my mm d the dishes in the kitchen.
A．am helpingB．was helpingC．have helpedD．will help
19．（2023春·天津红桥·高一统考期末）Sme new inventins like 3D printers ______ t make replacement hearts and bne parts in the past few mnths.
A．were usedB．are usedC．are being usedD．have been used
20．（2023春·江苏泰州·高二姜堰中学校考期中）I (apprve) f what yu say, but I will defend t the death yur right t say it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
① 一般现在时的特殊考点
② 常用一般过去时的句型
③ 一般将来时中 be ging t与will / shall, be t d, be abut t d用法及区别
④ 现在进行时的特殊考点
⑤ 常用现在完成时的句型
⑥ 常用过去完成时的几种情况
⑦ 将来完成时的用法
⑧ 将来进行时的主要用法
⑨ 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
⑩ 被动语态的固定句式
⑪ 主动形式表示被动意义