【学考复习】（新教材专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 专题12 特殊句式-讲义

这是一份【学考复习】（新教材专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 专题12 特殊句式-讲义，文件包含学考复习新教材专用2024年高中英语学业水平考试专题讲解专题12特殊句式讲义原卷版docx、学考复习新教材专用2024年高中英语学业水平考试专题讲解专题12特殊句式讲义解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。

掌握倒装句的构成和用法
掌握强调句的构成和考点
掌握省略句的常考点
掌握感叹句
掌握 there be 句型

一．倒装句的考查要点
1.全部倒装
(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。
Lk，there’s that bkshp I was telling yu abut.
(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，nw，then，up，dwn，in，away，ut等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
There ges the phne.I’ll answer it.
(3)such作表语置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。
“If yu die，wh will get yur mney？” asked Hlmes.
(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
In the center f the square stands a mnument.
(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。
Gne frever are the days when the Chinese peple had t use freign il.
2.部分倒装
在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
(1)little，never，nt，seldm，neither，nr，hardly，rarely，by n means，at n time，under n circumstances，in n case等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。
Little des he care abut what thers think.
(2)在，n ，，nt als...，等句式中。
Neither des he drink nr smke.
(3)当nly修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only then did I find I had made a mistake.
(4)在从句中，当s＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。
S exhausted was she that she wanted t have a rest.
(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“s/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。
Times have changed and s have I.
(6)当neither，nr位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nr＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。
They culdn’t understand it at that time，and nr culd we.
(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，shuld提到主语前面。
Had it nt been fr yur help，we shuldn’t have achieved s much.
(8)as和thugh引导的让步状语从句。
Try as she might，Sue culdn’t get the dr pen.
(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May yu succeed！
二．强调句的考查要点
1.使用助动词d，des和did对谓语动词进行强调。
First impressins really d cunt.
2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。
强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：
(1)强调句型中的主谓一致
在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
It is my parents that/wh ften help me get ut f truble.
(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或hw等。
It was n August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were pened in Beijing.
(3)强调句型的疑问句
在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy？
When was it that she changed her mind？
(4)在对结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的nt移至until之前，构成：It is/was nt 。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I didn’t realize she was a famus film star until she tk ff her dark glasses.＝It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I realized she was a famus film star.
三．省略句的考查要点
1.状语从句中的省略
由when，while，if，as if，althugh/thugh，as，until，nce，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。
When (I am) in truble，I always turn t my classmates fr help.
If (it is) pssible，this machine can be fixed at nce.
2.不定式的省略
单独使用不定式符号t代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，frget，hpe，intend，like，lve，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。
—Will yu please lk after my huse when I’m away？
—I’m glad t.
—Are yu a sailr？
—N.But I used t be.
Yur wrk hasn’t been handed in，but it ught t have been.
3.常考的几个省略形式
if ever，if any，if nt 等。
4.并列句中的省略
并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。
He is ging t Hng Kng，but his brther (is ging) t America.
My rm is n the third flr and his，n the fifth.
◆注意事项
1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He asked me wh it was that tk his umbrella by mistake.
2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。
It is Mary nt yu wh wants t ask me abut that matter，isn’t it？
3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。
It was n the farm where we wrked that I gt t knw her.
4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/befre”，原句不完整。
It was at 14∶28 that the terrible earthquake brke ut.(强调句型)
It was 14∶28 when the terrible earthquake brke ut.(状语从句)
四、祈使句的重要考点
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语yu。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep ff the grass! 勿踩踏草地！
Put the bxes in the small rm. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
㈠祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dn’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dn’t，构成＂Dn’t+行为动词原形+其他成分＂。
Dn’t say that again! 别再那样说了！
2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dn’t，构成＂Dn’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)＂。
Dn’t be careless. 不要粗心。
注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词nt不可置于be之后。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Dn’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加nt。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加nt。
Dn’t let me g with her tmrrw. =Let me nt g with her tmrrw. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s nt tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用＂N+名词/V-ing形式＂结构，表示＂禁止做某事＂。
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!
㈡祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：
1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will yu；表示邀请、劝说时，用wn’t yu。
Be sure t write t us, will yu? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Cme t have dinner with us this evening, wn’t yu? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will yu。
Dn’t smke in the meeting rm, will yu? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will yu。
Let the by g first, will yu? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
㈢、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wn’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是＂形式一致＂，即Yes与will保持一致；N与wn’t保持一致。二是＂意思相反＂，即Yes是＂不＂的意思；N是＂是＂的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
—Dn’t g ut, please. It’s raining heavily utside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
—Yes, I will. I have t meet my brther at the airprt. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
㈣祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词r来连接。
Leave it with me and I will see what I can d. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, r we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。
㈤祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。
Tell him t make a phne call t me if he cmes here tmrrw. 如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。
㈥祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词D(D在句中无意义)。
D shut up! 快住口！
㈦特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
Mre water and the yung trees culdn’t have died. =If yu had given them mre water, the yung trees culdn’t have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话，它们就不会死了。
一、单项选择
1．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）When ______ by the plice, the yung man refused t say anything abut the accident.
A．t questinB．questinedC．questiningD．t be questined
2．（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）It was the way he said it rather than what he actually said ______ made me angry.
A．asB．whichC．whatD．that
3．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）Out________, with a stick in his hand.
A．did the man rushB．rushed the manC．the man rushedD．the man did rush
4．（2022秋·广东清远·高一校联考学业考试）Was it in the huse__________ yu were brn and brught up?
A．whereB．whichC．whenD．that
5．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）I hpe t see yu at the ffice tmrrw, but if ________, d remember t leave me a message.
A．pssibleB．sC．ntD．any
6．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）I yu can finish the exam in tw hurs.
A．des believeB．d believeC．did believedD．d believed
7．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）Only after he had spken ut the wrd ________ he had made a big mistake.
A．she realizedB．had she realized
C．she had realizedD．did she realize
8．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）If ________ prmptly and prperly, sme cancers are highly curable.
A．treatedB．being apprachedC．aidingD．having been slved
9．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）It was in the factry _______his friend wrked _________he picked up a lt f experience.
A．where; whereB．that; whereC．that; thatD．where; that
10．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）At the ft f the muntain ________ many lakes. Sme are large enugh t hld several twns.
A．liesB．lieC．lyingD．lay
11．（2020秋·河北·高三统考学业考试）While ________ dgs, peple shuld nt let them lse. Otherwise, they may be dangerus t thers.
A．walkingB．walkedC．having walkedD．t walk
12．（2020·吉林·高二统考学业考试）It was in the evening ________ the hurricane struck the area.
A．whileB．thatC．asD．until
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
13．（2021秋·黑龙江哈尔滨·高二哈尔滨三中校考学业考试）He is a man f few wrds, and seldm speaks until (speak) t．
14．（2021秋·黑龙江哈尔滨·高二哈尔滨三中校考学业考试）I enjyed the film we saw last night. It was far mre interesting than (expect).
三、单句改错
（2020·吉林·高二统考学业考试）下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。
15．On such a cld day, peple prefer t stay at hme rather than t g ut.
16．I never heard frm him ever since he left.
17．The yung man insisted being sent t the frnt, which mved all the peple present.
18．On hearing the news, Mary burst int a laughter.
19．The sldiers were sent t the earthquake-hit area immediately t save the peple trapping in the ruins.
20．The great number f children whse parents had died in the earthquake were sent t ther cities.
21．I devte part f my spare time t play the vilin every day.
22．Only when the war was ver the yung sldier return t his hmetwn.
23．It’s such a lvely cup that bth my sister and I liked it fr the first time we saw it.
24．Yur speech was heard by a grup f five judges, all f wh thught highly f yur perfrmance.
1．While (sleep), peple are in particular danger f an emergent fire, and there must be a detectr utside each sleeping area.
2．If (lk) fr smething fantastic t wear, then yu will be sure t be attracted by this hdie(连帽卫衣)which can cver all f yur fashin needs.
3．When (build) his riginal Apple prttype(原型)cmputer, Jbs encuntered a shrtage f funds.
4．Once (attach) t the rail, the car will becme electrically pwered frm the system, and cntrl f the vehicle will pass t a central cmputer.
5．In the middle f the square (stand) a stne with a statue f a her n tp f it.
6．Rather than (cause)prblems, he is ging t help us.
7．When (absrb) in his wrld f music, he felt as if he culd “see” the beauty f the wrld arund him.
8．Be sure t pay attentin t prtecting the envirnment while (travel).
9．While (wait) fr the bus, I met an ld friend.
10．When (ask) why he came here, the by kept silent.
11．Once (expse) t light, the film will be damaged and get useless.
12．Jack must have been playing ftball and Mary (d) her hmewrk.
13．Facebk is cnsidering t make its website page (lk) mre beautiful.
14．The bss had her assistant (buy) sme fd fr us.
15．When (cmpare) different cultures, we ften pay attentin nly t the differences withut nticing the many similarities.
16．Amng the guests (be) the persn yu are lking fr.
17．We expect there (be) a lt f discussins abut the prblem.
18．Then (cme) her turn t recite the text, and she did a gd jb.
19．Althugh (face) with all kinds f difficulties, he never wanted t give up.
20．Thugh still (practice) tday, the tea ceremny may nt be as ppular as it used t be.
21．Dn’t enter the ffice unless (tell) t.
22．Anyne, nce (test) psitive fr Ebla, the deadly disease, will receive free medical treatment frm the gvernment.
23． was her anger that her face turned red.
24．It was nt until dark he realized it was t late t return t the camp.
25．Suth f the river (lie) a small factry.
26．The minister stressed that under n circumstances (be) the disabled t be lked dwn upn.
27．When (sit) next t my grandparents, I felt very easy.
28．Up int the blue sky (fly) the bird when we passed by its nest.
29．Senir three students shuld be psitive and brave when (cme) acrss any prblem.
30．While (speed) up wrk n the prject, we must pay attentin t ensuring its quality.
31．Nt nce (d) he give up fr lack f experience and cnfidence.
32．The shw is mre disappinting than (expect).
33．When (cmpare) the famus actrs’ incme with that f thse utstanding dctrs and researchers, many peple believe it is nt justified.
34．Lucy’s father, lking very angry, stpped criticizing as if (expect) Lucy t aplgize t him fr cheating.
35．Yu are likely t end in failure if (turn) a deaf ear t the teachers’ practical suggestins.
36．If (give)mre time, I can get a higher maths mark as I can have a secnd check.
37．In frnt f the rm (stand) ur English teacher talking with ne student.
38．When deeply (absrb) in wrk, as he ften was, he wuld frget all abut eating r sleeping.
39．The disease was spreading faster than (expect),but they tk actin in time.
40．When (apprach) the finish line, I fund that ne f my cmpetitrs fell dwn and gt injured.
41．When (remember) smething new, try t cnnect it t ur emtins.
42．When (questin) by the media, they were t nervus t say anything .
43．It was after his death his musical wrks were fully recgnized.
44．Thugh (urge) t g t bed many times, the little by just turned a deaf ear and fixed his eyes n the cartns.
45．The glbal warming, if nt prperly (cntrl), might lead t mre natural disasters.
46．He stared at me as if (see) me fr the first time.
47．When (take) accrding t the directins, the drug has n side effect.
48．Lk! In frnt f the line f students (stand) their teacher, explaining the histry f the Lngji Rice Terraces.
49．It was after the failure f this attempt he turned t thers fr help.
50．Nt nly he a teacher, but he is als a pet.