【学考复习】（新教材专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 专题18 阅读七选五-讲义

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掌握段中句解题策略并熟知逻辑关系词
掌握段位句解题策略

七选五是高考英语试卷阅读理解的第二节，一篇300字左右的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。《考试说明》对该题型的命题目的表述是“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。该题型主要测试考生的两大能力：一是把握整篇文章布局和结构能力，二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。
第一步：看位置⇨定类型
句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：
典例1…（2020全国卷I）
A Few Tips fr Self-Acceptance
We all want it... t accept and lve urselves. But at times it seems t difficult and t far ut f reach. 36 Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.
● 37 D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh. Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn;yu are the nly yu in this wrld.
E Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.
F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
G. When des the cmparisn game start?‘’Dn’t frget t frgive yurself._ 5 But it can rb yu f yur self-cnfidence if yu dn’t d it.
D．Try t see things frm yur ffender’s angle.
E．Fr sme peple，frgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F．T make yur anger die away，try a simple stress­management technique.
G．If yu wait fr peple t aplgize，yu culd be waiting an awfully lng time.
[分析] 设空在段中，先看前句E项中的信息frgiving themselves与前句意义一致，并且选项E与后面的句子之间用but连接，有转折的语气，因此构成了一种意义上的对比关系，尤其是but这个词，更加突出了对比的意义，因此选项E符合这里的意义和结构。
[答案] E
典例 2
Dn’t frget t frgive yurself._ 5 But it can rb yu f yur self-cnfidence if yu dn’t d it.
D．Try t see things frm yur ffender’s angle.
E．Fr sme peple，frgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F．T make yur anger die away，try a simple stress­management technique.
G．If yu wait fr peple t aplgize，yu culd be waiting an awfully lng time.
[分析] 设空在段中，先看前句E项中的信息frgiving themselves与前句意义一致，并且选项E与后面的句子之间用but连接，有转折的语气，因此构成了一种意义上的对比关系，尤其是but这个词，更加突出了对比的意义，因此选项E符合这里的意义和结构。
[答案] E
典例 3…
（2020全国卷I）
● Recgnize all f yur strengths. Write them dwn in a jurnal. Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness. List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday. 39
●Nw that yu’ve listed yur strengths, list yur imperfectins. Turn the page in yur jurnal. Put int wrds why yu feel unwrthy, why yu dn’t feel gd enugh. Nw, read these wrds back t yurself. 40 Turn t a page in yur jurnal t yur list f strengths and achievements. See hw awesme yu are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where d yu start?
C. Nthing is t small t celebrate.
D. Remember, yu are nly human.
[分析] 本题设空在段尾，首先看前文。根据上文List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项意思，没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的，对上文的总结概括，符合文意。
[答案] C
第二步：由类型⇨定技法
1.主旨概括题
主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。
解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。
典例4
●__39__ Studies fund that peple wh wke up early fr exercise slept better than thse wh exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes yu, s it is mre difficult t relax and have a peaceful sleep when yu are very excited.
A．Yu will stick t yur diet.
B．Yur quality f sleep imprves.
C．Yu prefer healthy fd t fast fd.
D．There is n reasn yu shuld exercise in the mrning.
E．Yu can keep yur head clear fr 4－10 hurs after exercise.
F．After yu exercise, yu cntinue t burn calries thrughut the day.
G．If yu are planning t d exercise regularly, r yu're ding it nw, then listen up!
[分析] 设空位于段首，应为本段主题句。主题句一般是对上文或下文内容的总结，快速浏览本段，本段提到slept better, difficult t relax, a peaceful sleep，依据这些关键词汇可概括本段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更能改善睡眠，因此选B。
[答案]B
2.语段过渡题
语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。
如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。
如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。
典例 5
Medium clr chices are generally furniture pieces such as sfas, dinner tables r bkshelves. __39__. They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect n the feeling f a space.
A．While all f them are useful
B．Whatever yu're lking fr
C．If yu're experimenting with a clr
D．Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
[分析] 设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。该空前一句主要内容是“medium clr chices”，是G项中“small nes”的升级。该空后一句介绍了两种方式的颜色选择，与G项中的“tw majr ways”相呼应，故选G。
[答案] G
3.细节线索题
细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。
1）．词汇复现法
复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。
典例 6
__38__. They're the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable.
A．While all f them are useful
B．Whatever yu're lking fr
C．If yu're experimenting with a clr
D．Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
[分析] 解此题可运用词汇复现法，该空所在段最后一句中的“small clr chices”是D项“Small clr chices”的原词复现。故选D。
[答案] D
2）．词汇同现法
词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
典例 7
I was, nevertheless, talked int ging n anther fun­filled hliday in the wilderness.__38__ Instead, we had a pp­up camper with cmfrtable beds and an air cnditiner.My nature­lving friends had remembered t bring all the necessities f life.
A．This time there was n tent.
B．Things are ging t be imprved.
C．The trip they tk me n was a rugh ne.
D．I was t learn a lt abut camping since then, hwever.
E．I must say that I have certainly cme t enjy camping.
F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G．There was n shade as the trees were n mre than 3 feet tall.
[分析] 解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，而空后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调，因此空处的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内，几个选项中只有A项合适。
[答案] A
3）．代词线索法
英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。
典例 8
Over the years, there have been a number f different techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint. __37__， they can get a little cmplex. But gd news is that there're really nly three kinds f decisins yu need t make abut clr in yur hme: the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes.
A．While all f them are useful
B．Whatever yu're lking fr
C．If yu're experimenting with a clr
D．Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
[分析] 解此题可运用代词线索法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的all f them相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境，故选A。
[答案] A
4）．逻辑关系线索法
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。
典例 9
If anyne had tld me three years ag that I wuld be spending mst f my weekends camping, I wuld have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were peple wh enjyed insect bites, ill­cked meals, and uncmfrtable sleeping bags.They had nthing in cmmn with me.__36__
The friends wh intrduced me t camping thught that it meant t be a pineer ...
I was, nevertheless, talked int ging n anther fun­filled hliday in the wilderness ...
have dne a lt f it since ...
__40(E)__ It must be true that sner r later, everyne finds his r her way back t nature.I recmmend that yu find yur way in style.
A．This time there was n tent.
B．Things are ging t be imprved.
C．The trip they tk me n was a rugh ne.
D．I was t learn a lt abut camping since then, hwever.
E．I must say that I have certainly cme t enjy camping.
F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G．There was n shade as the trees were n mre than 3 feet tall.
[分析] 解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。首句“如果三年前有人告诉我我会花大部分的周末时间去野营，我将会开怀大笑”使用了虚拟语气，预示了后面的转折关系。接着讲述了作者过去对野营的看法。由下文可知作者起初和后来对野营的态度不一样。D项表示“但是，从那时起我就学习了很多关于野营的知识”，hwever与上文构成转折关系，因此是最佳选项。此题的关键是hwever这个逻辑关系词，承上启下，为下文内容作铺垫。
[答案] D
典例 10
...
●Recall (回忆) yur childhd memries
Our mdel f what a garden shuld be ften ges back t childhd. Grandma's rse garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be gd r bad, but that's nt what's imprtant. __39__ — hw being in thse gardens made us feel. If yu'd like t build a pwerful bnd with yur garden, start by taking sme time t recall the gardens f yur yuth. 40(G). Then g utside and wrk ut a plan t translate yur childhd memries int yur grwn­up garden. Have fun.
A．Knw why yu garden
B．Find a gd place fr yur wn garden
C．It's ur experience f the garden that matters
D．It's delightful t see s many beautiful flwers
E．Still thers may simply enjy being utdrs and clse t plants
F．Yu can prduce that kind f magical quality in yur wn garden, t
G．Fr each f thse gardens, write dwn the strngest memry yu have
[分析] 解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。空格前说“但那不是重要的事情”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的，前后为顺承逻辑关系，C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”符合题意。故选C项。
[答案] C
(2023年湖南省)Hw t imprve yur eyesight
Since we live in a wrld that requires yur eyes t stare at small type and images n cell phnes, cmputers, and televisins, it’s imprtant that yu take steps t imprve yur eyesight.
_______13_______
Eyes are like any ther part f the bdy - they need nutritin t functin well. S, a diet high in fruits and vegetables and lw in sugar and fatty fds will g a lng way in maintaining healthy eyes.
Adjust the lighting
Keep yur rm sftly lighted. When reading, try t keep yur light surce lcated behind yu and keep the light directed n the paper r the task yu’re wrking n.
_______14_______
Exercising yur eyes daily will help yu maintain healthy eyes. Plan t exercise yur eyes when yu wake up, befre ging t bed, r when yur eyes are tired. Make sure yur hands are clean and yur mind is relaxed befre ding eye-prtecting exercises.
Examine yur eyes
See yur dctrs regularly, based n age, health and risk f eye prblems. If yu have nearsightedness r farsightedness, yu need treatment as sn as pssible.
_______15_______
Since yu use yur eyes every waking mment, give them lts f rest and relaxatin by taking breaks thrughut the day and getting enugh sleep every night. A lack f sleep will weaken yur visin health.
A. “Feed” yur eyes
B. Exercise yur eyes
C. Limit cmputer usage
D. Rest and relax yur eyes
【答案】13. A 14. B
15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍改善视力的方法。
【13题详解】
根据下文“Eyes are like any ther part f the bdy - they need nutritin t functin well. S, a diet high in fruits and vegetables and lw in sugar and fatty fds will g a lng way in maintaining healthy eyes. (眼睛和身体的其他部位一样，需要营养才能正常工作。因此，富含水果和蔬菜、低糖和高脂肪食物的饮食将大大有助于保持眼睛健康。)”可知，这一段主要介绍眼睛也需要营养。选项A““喂养”你的眼睛”和下文意思一致。故选A。
14题详解】
根据下文“Exercising yur eyes daily will help yu maintain healthy eyes. Plan t exercise yur eyes when yu wake up, befre ging t bed, r when yur eyes are tired. Make sure yur hands are clean and yur mind is relaxed befre ding eye-prtecting exercises. (每天锻炼眼睛有助于保持眼睛健康。当你醒来、睡前或眼睛疲劳时，计划锻炼你的眼睛。在做护眼运动之前，确保你的手是干净的，你的头脑是放松的。)”可知，这一段主要介绍眼睛也需要锻炼。选项B“锻炼你的眼睛”和下文意思一致。故选B。
【15题详解】
根据下文“Since yu use yur eyes every waking mment, give them lts f rest and relaxatin by taking breaks thrughut the day and getting enugh sleep every night. A lack f sleep will weaken yur visin health. (由于你在醒着的时候都会用眼睛，所以通过全天休息和每晚充足的睡眠来给他们充分的休息和放松。睡眠不足会削弱你的视力健康。)”可知，这一段主要介绍眼睛也需要休息和放松。选项D“让你的眼睛休息和放松。”和下文意思一致。故选D。
(2022年福建省)Here are intrductins t sme new bks. Yu’ll enjy finding ut mre with them.
We Are Artists
by Kari Herben
Be inspired by the life and wrks f 15 fantastic wmen artists frm arund the wrld. As well as lts f infrmatin abut each artist’s wrks, this bk explres the impact they had n the art wrld.
The Stry f Paintings
by Mick Manning and Bria Granstrm
Tw award-winning writers have created this fun and easy-t-read intrductin t art histry. It takes yu n a tur f their persnally seclected art gallery (画廊).
Prtrait f an Artist
by Lucy Brwnbridge and Edith Carn
Find ut mre abut ne f the wrld’s best-knwn painters, Vincent Van Ggh, and his wrks, like Sunflwers. This illustrated bigraphy (传记) is part f a series that includes bks abut Claude Mnet and Gergia O’Keeffe.
A Histry f Pictures fr Children
by Darid Hckney and Martin Gayfrd
Made up f cnversatins between artist David Hckney and authr Martin Gayfrd, this illustrated bk will take yu n a fascinating jurney thrugh the stry f art—frm the earliest cave (洞穴) paintings t images made n phnes.
1. What are the fur bks mainly abut?
A. Health.B. Art.C. Custm.D. Science.
2. In which bk are nly wmen artists intrduced?
A. We Are Artists.
B. The Stry af Paintings.
C. Prtrait f an Artist.
D. A Histry at Pictures fr Children.
3. What des the underlined wrd “It” refer t in the secnd bk?
A. Award.B. Intrductin.C. Tur.D. Gallery.
4. Wh is the authr f Prtrait f an Artist?
A. Kari Herbent.
B. Mick Manning and Brita Granstrm.
C. Lucy Brwnbridge and Edith Carrn.
D. David Heckaey and Martin Gayfrd.
5. What is mentined in the last bk?
A. Cnversatins between tw children.
B. An exciting jurney f the artist.
C. A stry abut the authr.
D. Ancient and mdern wrks f art.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本与艺术有关的书籍。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据四本书的书名We Are Artists(我们都是艺术家)，The Stry f Paintings(绘画的故事)，Prtrait f an Artist(艺术家肖像)和A Histry f Pictures fr Children(儿童图画史)可知，它们主要是关于艺术的。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据We Are Artists部分的“Be inspired by the life and wrks f 15 fantastic wmen artists frm arund the wrld. (受到来自世界各地的15位出色女性艺术家的生活和作品的启发)”可知，We Are Artists这本书只介绍了女性艺术家。故选A。
【3题详解】
词句猜测题。根据The Stry f Paintings部分的“Tw award-winning writers have created this fun and easy-t-read intrductin t art histry. It takes yu n a tur f their persnally seclected art gallery (画廊).(两位获奖作家创造了这本有趣且易于阅读的艺术史介绍。它会带你参观他们私人隐居的艺术画廊)”可知，it应是指代上文提到的“intrductin t art histry”。故选B。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prtrait f an Artist部分的“by Lucy Brwnbridge and Edith Carn(Lucy Brwnbridge和Edith Carn著)”可知，这本书的作家是Lucy Brwnbridge和Edith Carn。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分的“Made up f cnversatins between artist David Hckney and authr Martin Gayfrd, this illustrated bk will take yu n a fascinating jurney thrugh the stry f art—frm the earliest cave (洞穴) paintings t images made n phnes.(这本绘本由艺术家David Hckney和作者Martin Gayfrd的对话组成，将带你踏上一段迷人的艺术之旅——从最早的洞穴绘画到手机上的图像)”可知，最后一本书提到了古代和现代艺术作品。故选D。
(2022年福建省)I feel it imprtant fr families t have regular meals tgether. One f my best childhd memries was dinner wih my parents and tw sisters. As a result, last year I decided that the entire family wuld have dinner tgether three days a week. Because my hushand and I bth wrk and ur three kids are busy with schl activities, we culd harlly have a chance t get tgether as a family. But we thught it pssible fr everyne t set aside three evenings a week fr a sit-dwn dinner.
First we tried setting three fixed days fr ur experiment — Mndays, Wednesdays and Fridays. After trying the plan sme weeks, almst everyne was unhappy. Then my sn had the idea f having everyne pst his r her schedule fr the week n the fridge every Sunday. I wuld chse the three best days.
Fr a while, the kids cntinued t resist (抵触) the idea, saying they wuld rather spend the time with their friends r jining in sprts r ther activities. But with time ging n, they began t see these evenings tgether psitively. We discussed each ther’s prblems. We made vacatin plans. We laughed a lt. Mnths later, anyne wh had t miss a family meal felt regretful.
We all nw feel that we’ve been able t build strnger relatinships within the family and cmmunicate better. The idea f having regular family meals tgether, which seemed difficult at first, has brught abut many psitive changes in ur lives.
6. What made the writer decide t have regular family meals tgether?
A. Her gd childhd memry.B. Her kids’ needs fr help.
C Her husband’s advice.D. Her sn’s idea.
7. Hw many kids des the writer have?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
8. When did the family members pst their weekly schedules?
A. On Mndays.B. On Wednesdays
C. On Fridays.D. On Sundays.
9. Hw did any f the family members feel when missing a meal?
A. Lnely.B. Happy.C. Srry.D. Lucky.
10. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. T keep psitive, talk mre ften
B. T stay healthy, have mre sprts
C. The kids that are ften busy, feel happy
D. The family that eats tgether, stays tgether
【答案】6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者受到小时候和家人就餐的美好回忆的启发，决定定期和家人一起吃饭，虽然经历了一些波折，但慢慢地家人们开始喜欢这样的聚餐活动，家庭关系也因此变得更牢固。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“One f my best childhd memries was dinner wih my parents and tw sisters. As a result, last year I decided that the entire family wuld have dinner tgether three days a week.(我最美好的童年记忆之一是与父母和两个姐妹共进晚餐。因此，去年我决定每周三天全家一起吃晚饭)”可知，作者童年时家人一起就餐的美好回忆让她决定定期和家人一起吃饭。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Because my hushand and I bth wrk and ur three kids are busy with schl activities, we culd harlly have a chance t get tgether as a family. (因为我丈夫和我都要工作，我们的三个孩子都忙于学校的活动，我们几乎没有机会像家人一样聚在一起)”可知，作者有三个孩子。故选B。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then my sn had the idea f having everyne pst his r her schedule fr the week n the fridge every Sunday.(后来，我儿子有了一个主意，让每个人每个星期天都在冰箱上贴上他或她一周的日程安排)”可知，作者和家人周日把自己下一周的日程安排贴在冰箱上。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Mnths later, anyne wh had t miss a family meal felt regretful.(几个月后，任何错过家庭聚餐的人都会感到遗憾)”可知，错过家庭聚餐的成员会感到遗憾。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述作者受到小时候和家人就餐的美好回忆的启发，决定定期和家人一起吃饭，虽然经历了一些波折，但慢慢地家人们开始喜欢这样的聚餐活动，家庭关系也因此变得更牢固。结合最后一段“We all nw feel that we’ve been able t build strnger relatinships within the family and cmmunicate better. The idea f having regular family meals tgether, which seemed difficult at first, has brught abut many psitive changes in ur lives.(我们现在都觉得我们能够在家庭中建立更牢固的关系，更好地沟通。定期与家人一起吃饭的想法起初似乎很困难，但却给我们的生活带来了许多积极的变化)”可知，D项“The family that eats tgether, stays tgether(一家人吃在一起，团结在一起)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
(2022年福建省)It is imprant fr yu t think abut a plan fr yur gwth.____11____. Dn’t wry. All yu need is just a rugh (粗略的) ne. Here is sme advice fr yu.
____12____Understand what yu like, what yu value and what yu want t be. In studying yurself, yu check yur strength and weakness. Find ut what yu need t prepare fr yur dream jb.
Secndly, write dwn yur plan. When writing, yu can try using Mind Maps (思维导图). ____13____And yu may find a prper way t wrk ut yur plan.
Thirdly, g ver yur plan with yur teachers, parents r friends. ____14____. Think carefully abut their advice and make sme changes t yur plan if necessary. Then yu can g n with it.
Finally, wrk hard t realize yur dream. Fr example, if yu want t be an English teacher, yu shuld learn mre alut Engish culture and practice yur listening and speaking frm nw n. ____15____.
A. Firstly, study yurself
B. They may give yu sme advice
C. Yu may find it difficult t make the plan nw
D. It is a gd way t help yu t think mre clealy
E. Thrugh hard wrk yu can make yur dream cme true
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个有助于制定计划的方法。
【11题详解】
上文“It is imprtant fr yu t think abut a plan fr yur gwth.(对你来说，为你的未来考虑一个计划是很重要的)”指出为成长制定计划很重要，结合下文“Dn’t wry. (别担心)”推知，制定计划可能没有那么容易。C项“Yu may find it difficult t make the plan nw(你可能会发现现在很难制定计划)”符合语境。故选C。
【12题详解】
空处为本段主旨句，根据下文“Understand what yu like, what yu value and what yu want t be. In studying yurself, yu check yur strength and weakness. Find ut what yu need t prepare fr yur dream jb.(了解自己喜欢什么，看重什么，想成为什么样的人。在研究自己的过程中，你检查自己的长处和短处。找出你需要为你梦想的工作做什么准备)”可知，我们首先要研究、了解自己。A项“Firstly, study yurself(首先，研究你自己)”可以作为本段主旨句，且firstly呼应下文的secndly，thirdly。故选A。
【13题详解】
上文“When writing, yu can try using Mind Maps (思维导图). (写的时候，你可以尝试使用思维导图)”指出写下自己计划时可用思维导图，由此推知，空处陈述使用思维导图的好处。D项“It is a gd way t help yu t think mre clealy(这是一个帮助你更清晰地思考的好方法)”符合题意，选项中的it指代上文的Mind Maps。故选D。
【14题详解】
上文“Thirdly, g ver yur plan with yur teachers, parents r friends. (第三，和你的老师、父母或朋友一起讨论你的计划)”指出和老师、父母以及朋友讨论自己的计划，由此推知，空处应陈述为什么要这样做。B项“They may give yu sme advice(他们可能会给你一些建议)”符合题意，选项中的they指代上文“yur teachers, parents r friends.”。故选B。
【15题详解】
根据本段主旨句“Finally, wrk hard t realize yur dream. (最后，努力实现你的梦想)”推知，空处内容与努力实现梦想有关。E项“Thrugh hard wrk yu can make yur dream cme true(通过努力你可以实现你的梦想)”符合题意，呼应主旨。故选E。
(2022年广西)Hw t Sleep Better at Night
As we all knw, a gd sleep helps us relax and it als makes us energetic again. Hwever, sme f us have truble with sleep at night. Lack (缺少) f sleep can cause illnesses. Hw can we imprve ur night’s sleep?____16____.
● Take exercise during the day
___17___. It can reduce stress and help us feel mre relaxed. But dn’t take exercise right befre bedtime as exercise can make us t excited t fall asleep.
● Dn’t use electrnic prducts befre bedtime
Befre bedtime, sme f us have a habit f using electrnic prducts t surf the Internet, listen t music r watch mvies. It’s bad fr ur health t d these activities befre bedtime.____18____. Experts suggest we shuld stp using electrnic prducts at least an hur befre we g t bed.
●____19____
When we sleep with lights n, ur brain will think it’s still daytime. It will take us lnger time t fall asleep and we will rest less. S it’s wise t sleep with lights ff.
● Keep wrries away
Sme f us have difficulty in falling asleep because f wrries. Instead f lying awake, we can write dwn the things that make us wrried and make a list f things t d.____20____.
A. Dn’t sleep with lights n
B. Dn’t make any nise at night
C. Here are sme tips t imprve it
D. Taking exercise is gd fr ur sleep
E. There is n way t slve all these prblems
F. In this way we can keep wrries away and sleep better
G. These activities will keep ur brain active and prevent sleep
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. G 19. A 20. F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法，能够帮助我们改善夜间睡眠。
【16题详解】
根据空前“Hw can we imprve ur night’s sleep?(我们如何改善夜间睡眠呢？)”以及下文内容可知，空处应该回答空前问题，且引出下文。选项C“Here are sme tips t imprve it (这里有一些改进它的建议)”首先回答了空前问题，同时引出下文的各种改善夜间睡眠的方法，承上启下。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据空后内容“It can reduce stress and help us feel mre relaxed.(它可以减轻压力，帮助我们感觉更放松)”可知，下文提到了“它”的好处。选项D“Taking exercise is gd fr ur sleep(锻炼对我们的睡眠有好处)”提到了锻炼对睡眠有好处，其中的“taking exercise”即下文中的“it”，与下文内容一致。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据空前内容“Befre bedtime, sme f us have a habit f using electrnic prducts t surf the Internet, listen t music r watch mvies. It’s bad fr ur health t d these activities befre bedtime.(睡前，我们中的一些人有使用电子产品上网，听音乐或看电影的习惯。睡前做这些活动对我们的健康有害)”可知，作者认为睡前使用电子产品上网对我们的健康有害。选项G“These activities will keep ur brain active and prevent sleep(这些活动将使我们的大脑保持活跃，无法入睡)”是上文内容的延续，指的是睡前使用电子产品对睡眠的影响。故选G。
【19题详解】
空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“When we sleep with lights n, ur brain will think it’s still daytime. It will take us lnger time t fall asleep and we will rest less. S it’s wise t sleep with lights ff.(当我们开着灯睡觉时，我们的大脑会认为现在还是白天。我们会花更长的时间入睡，我们会休息得更少。所以关灯睡觉是明智的)”可知，作者在本段中建议我们睡觉时不要开灯。选项A“Dn’t sleep with lights n(不要开着灯睡觉)”与本段内容相一致。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据空前“Sme f us have difficulty in falling asleep because f wrries. Instead f lying awake, we can write dwn the things that make us wrried and make a list f things t d.(我们中的一些人因为担心而难以入睡。与其躺着睡不着，我们可以把让我们担心的事情写下来，列出要做的事情)”可知，作者建议我们因为担心而难以入睡时，可以把担心的事情写下来，并列出要做的事情。选项F“In this way we can keep wrries away and sleep better(这样我们就可以远离烦恼，睡得更好)”是上文内容的延续，指出当我们写下担心的事情和要做的事情后，我们就会远离烦恼，而这也与本段小标题“keep wrries away”相一致。故选F。
（2022·江苏·房山高中高二学业考试）The Stry f Music
Hw did music begin? Did ur early ancestrs first start by beating things tgether t create rhythm, r using their vices t sing? What types f instruments did they use? ____1____ The answers shw that the histry f music is, in many ways, the histry f humans.
S, what is music?
This is difficult t answer, as everyne has their wn idea. “Sund that cnveys emtin” is what Jeremy Mntagu f the University f Oxfrd and authr f the article describes.
____2____
If we take singing, then cntrlling pitch(音高) is imprtant. Scientists have studied the skulls and jaws f early apes, t see if they were able t make a sund and cntrl pitch. Anther imprtant cmpnent f music is rhythm. Our early ancestrs may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands. ____3____
Many f these instruments are likely t have been made frm sft materials like wd, and s haven't survived. What have survived are bne pipes. S, music is ld, and may have been with us frm when humans first evlved.
But why did it arise and why has it existed?
There are many pssible functins f music. One is dancing. Anther bvius reasn fr music is entertainment. ____4____
Hwever, the majr reasn why music arises and exists may be that it brings peple tgether. ____5____ He cncludes: “It has even been suggested that music, in causing such bnding, created nt nly the family but sciety itself, bringing individuals tgether wh might therwise have lived alne.”
A．When did ur ancestrs begin making music?
B．Music can express certain emtin that yu can feel.
C．This may be linked t the earliest musical instruments.
D．Our ancestrs created music by beating stnes r sticks by accident.
E．Has music always been imprtant in human sciety, and if s, why?
F．Music can als be used fr cmmunicatin, ften ver large distances.
G．“Music leads t bnding, such as bnding between mther and child r bnding between grups,” explains Mntagu.
1．E 2．A 3．C 4．F 5．G
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。音乐史在许多方面就是人类历史，音乐在人类社会中一直都扮演着重要的角色。为什么会有音乐的存在?音乐又是什么时候产生的呢?本文对此作了简要介绍。
1．下句“The answers shw that the histry f music is, in many ways, the histry f humans.”（答案表明，音乐的历史在许多方面就是人类的历史），因此空格处应该提出一个问题，E项Has music always been imprtant in human sciety, and if s, why?（音乐在人类社会中一直很重要吗?如果是，为什么?）问到音乐在人类社会中是否一直都很重要及其重要的原因，恰能引起下文，符合语境。故选E。
2．根据该空下一段的“If we take singing, then cntrlling pitch(音高) is imprtant. Scientists have studied the skulls and jaws f early apes, t see if they were able t make a sund and cntrl pitch”（以唱歌为例，控制音高是很重要的。科学家们研究了早期猿类的头骨和下颚，看它们是否能够发声和控制音调）可知，科学家们研究了什么时候开始有音乐。而选项中只有A项When did ur ancestrs begin making music?（我们的祖先是什么时候开始演奏音乐的?）与什么时候开始创作音乐有关，故选A项为本段小标题。故选A。
3．上一句“Our early ancestrs may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands”（我们早期的祖先可能通过拍手创造了有节奏的音乐）提到我们的早期祖先可能通过拍手来创作有节奏的音乐。C项点明这可能和最早的乐器有关联，符合语境。同时C项中的instruments照应下文中的these instruments，因此C选项切合题意，故选C。
4．根据本段前的小标题“But why did it arise and why has it existed?”（但它为什么会产生，又为什么会存在?）可知，本段主要讲的是音乐产生和存在的原因。F项Music can als be used fr cmmunicatin, ften ver large distances（音乐还可以用于远距离交流）点明音乐也可以用于交流，通常是远距离的交流，这正是音乐存在的原因之一，故选F。
5．上一句“Hwever, the majr reasn why music arises and exists may be that it brings peple tgether”（然而，音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它把人们联系在一起）提到音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它能使人们团结起来。G项点明音乐会促进人与人之间的关系，比如母亲和孩子之间的关系，或者是群体之间的联系，符合本段语境。G项中的bnding和上一句中的brings peple tgether为同义表达，下一句中的代词He指代的是G项中的 Mntagu，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
（2022·黑龙江·高二学业考试）Many students study by reading their ntes and textbks ver and ver again. But studies shw there are mre effective ways t help yu study smarter.
____6____ Many students knw what they are expected t d. Yet many ften fail t plan ahead. S they need first t set a reachable target. Break it int pieces and make them happen ne by ne. It may seem strange at first. But after tw weeks r mre, it becmes a nrmal thing.
Dn’t just reread. ____7____ Rereading is like lking at the answer t a puzzle, rather than ding it yurself. It lks like it makes sense. But until yu try it yurself, yu dn’t really knw if yu understand it.
Find examples. Abstract cncepts can be hard t understand. It tends t be far easier t frm a mental image if yu have a cncrete example f smething. ____8____ On its wn, that cncept might be hard t remember. But if yu think abut a lemn r vinegar, it becmes easier!
Dig deeper. It’s hard t remember cuntless facts and figures if yu dn’t push further. Ask why things are a certain way. Hw did they cme abut? Why d they matter? Psychlgists call this elabratin(深究). It’s taking class material and asking many hw and why questins abut it. ____9____
Practice mre. Musicians practice their instruments. Athletes practice sprts skills. ____10____ In a study, students tk practice tests ver several weeks. On the final test, they scred mre than a full letter grade better, n average, than did students wh studied the way they nrmally had.
As a teen, Cynthia Nebel studied by reading her textbks, wrksheets and ntebks. “Over and ver and ver again,” recalls this psychlgist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn. Nw, she adds, “we knw that’s ne f the mst cmmn bad study skills that students have.”
A．Make a budget and save it.
B．Make a plan and stick t it.
C．The same shuld g fr learning.
D．Hwever, nt all can apply t students.
E．In ther wrds, dn’t just accept facts at face value.
F．Sadly, reading bks and ntes repeatedly is cmmn fr many students.
G．Fr instance, sur fds usually taste that way because they cntain an acid.
6．B 7．F 8．G 9．E 10．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了高效学习的几个方法。
6．根据下文“Many students knw what they are expected t d. Yet many ften fail t plan ahead. (许多学生知道别人对自己的期望，然而却不能提前谋划)”，结合空格的位置以及接下来的段落信息可知，此处为段落标题，讲述学习方法之一：制定计划。选项B. Make a plan and stick t it.(制定计划并坚持下去)总领本段，符合题意。故选B。
7．根据本段标题“Dn’t just reread.(不要只是反复阅读)”可知，本段重点讲述不良阅读习惯，所以空格处应讲述学生在阅读中出现的问题；选项F. Sadly, reading bks and ntes repeatedly is cmmn fr many students.(可惜地是，反复读书和笔记这种现象在学生中很常见)符合题意，选项中的“reading bks and ntes repeatedly”与段落标题中的“reread”相呼应。故选F。
8．根据上文“It tends t be far easier t frm a mental image if yu have a cncrete example f smething.(如果你有具体的事例的话往往很容易形成一个心里意象)”可知，空格部分应是通过事例来说明“利用事例助学”的效果；选项G. Fr instance, sur fds usually taste that way because they cntain an acid.(例如，酸的食物通常尝起来是这样的，因为它们含有一种酸)承接上文。故选G。
9．根据本段标题“Dig deeper(深挖)”以及空格前“It’s taking class material and asking many hw and why questins abut it.(这需要经典的材料并针对这个问题多问几个怎么做和为什么)”可知，空格处应表示看问题不能停留在表面，要深挖；选项E. In ther wrds, dn’t just accept facts at face value.(换句话说，不要只接受事实的表面价值)衔接上文并进一步重申本段主旨。故选E。
10．根据上文“Practice mre. Musicians practice their instruments. Athletes practice sprts skills.(多练习。音乐家练习乐器。运动员练习运动技巧)”可知，空格处应表示学习也一样需要多练习；选项C. The same shuld g fr learning.(学习也一样需要练习)承接上文讲述练习对于学习的重要性。故选C。
（2022·甘肃·天水市第一中学高二学业考试）One f the mst imprtant skills in building a successful career is listening. While drive and cnfidence may get yu in the dr f a dream jb, listening enables yu t build successful partnerships that will help yu climb t the tp. ____11____ When clleagues feel listened t, they feel safe t cmmunicate and enjy wrking tgether.
S hw d peple becme gd listeners?
____12____
While we all have ur wn ideas, t prperly listen, we must put these aside when the ther persn is speaking. Many peple succeed because they’ve learned t listen with the purpse f understanding what the ther persn is trying t cnvey. It helps yu get imprtant infrmatin, f curse, but it’s mre than that: It’s als the greatest sign f respect yu can give smene.
Ask questin.
This shws the ther persn that yu re paying attentin and interested, which will lead t a mre hnest and prductive cnversatin. Clarify things that may be unclear, reflect back what yu hear and ask questins that allw the persn t unpack the tpic. ____13____
Be supprtive.
Create a safe and cmfrtable wrkplace by shwing yur supprt. ____14____ Bdy language can als play a significant rle in creating a supprtive envirnment. Psitive feedback (反馈) is an imprtant part t. Gaining new infrmatin is the best way t stay n tp f the game, n matter what the jb is.
Be patient with yurself.
Dn’t frget t be patient with yurself. ____15____ Take the time t manage yur success in this field and remember that little change can g a lng way.
A．Listen with the gal f cmprehensin.
B．Learning t listen effectively desn’t happen vernight.
C．Here’s hw t build yur career by being a gd listener.
D．Understand what wrds will truly persuade the ther persn.
E．Open-ended questins are the best as they dn’t frce a direct answer.
F．Sincere listening is transfrmative as it helps create a supprtive wrkplace.
G．This can be dne by shwing cnfidence in the persn and aviding criticism.
11．F 12．A 13．E 14．G 15．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要就如何成为好的倾听者提出几点建议。
11．上文“While drive and cnfidence may get yu in the dr f a dream jb, listening enables yu t build successful partnerships that will help yu climb t the tp.(尽管动力和自信可能会让你进入理想的工作之门，但倾听可以让你建立成功的伙伴关系，帮助你登上顶峰。)”指出倾听很重要，可以让你建立成功的伙伴关系，帮助你登上顶峰，下文“When clleagues feel listened t, they feel safe t cmmunicate and enjy wrking tgether.(当同事们感到被倾听时，他们就会感到交流是安全的，并且喜欢一起工作。)”具体指出倾听对你工作的好处，由此可推知，空处应该承上启下，指出倾听有助于创造一个支持性的工作环境。F项“Sincere listening is transfrmative as it helps create a supprtive wrkplace.(真诚的倾听有助于创造一个支持性的工作环境。)”符合，故选F。
12．分析文章结构可知，空处是本段小标题，是关于如何成为好的倾听者的一条建议，根据下文“While we all have ur wn ideas, t prperly listen, we must put these aside when the ther persn is speaking. Many peple succeed because they’ve learned t listen with the purpse f understanding what the ther persn is trying t cnvey. It helps yu get imprtant infrmatin, f curse, but it’s mre than that: It’s als the greatest sign f respect yu can give smene.(当我们都有自己的想法时，为了正确地倾听，我们必须在别人说话的时候把这些想法放在一边。许多人之所以成功，是因为他们学会了倾听，目的是理解对方想要传达的信息。当然，它能帮助你获得重要信息，但不仅如此：它也是你能给予某人最大的尊重的标志。)”可知，本段主要讲了学会倾听，目的是要理解别人，A项“Listen with the gal f cmprehensin.(带着理解的目的去听。)”符合，概括了本段内容，故选A。
13．上文“Clarify things that may be unclear, reflect back what yu hear and ask questins that allw the persn t unpack the tpic.(澄清那些可能不清楚的事情，反映你所听到的，并提出问题，让对方能够解释这个话题。)”指出要对不清楚的事情问问题，让对方解释这个话题，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出我们如何问问题，E项“Open-ended questins are the best as they dn’t frce a direct answer.(开放式问题是最好的，因为它们不强求直接的答案。)”符合，故选E。
14．上文“Create a safe and cmfrtable wrkplace by shwing yur supprt.(通过表示支持来创造一个安全舒适的工作环境。)”指出要通过支持别人来创造一个舒适的工作环境，空处应指出具体如何支持别人，G项“This can be dne by shwing cnfidence in the persn and aviding criticism.(这可以通过展示对人的信心和避免批评来实现。)”符合，故选G。
15．上文“Dn’t frget t be patient with yurself. (别忘了对自己要有耐心。)”指出学会倾听需要你对自己有耐心，下文“Take the time t manage yur success in this field and remember that little change can g a lng way.(花点时间使你在这个领域努力取得成功，并且记住，小小的改变可以走很长的路。)”指出学会倾听别人是要花时间的，由此可知，空处应承上启下，B项“Learning t listen effectively desn’t happen vernight.(学会有效地倾听不是一朝一夕的事。)”符合，既解释了为什么要对自己有耐心，同时顺承下文，要对自己有耐心，因为学会倾听不是一朝一夕的事，而是需要时间和付出的，故选B。
（2022·湖北·天门市教育科学研究院高二学业考试）If yu’re interested in staying healthy as yu age — and living lnger — yu might want t add a different set f muscles t yur wrkut rutine; yur creative nes.___16___. And studies shw that participating in activities such as singing, theater perfrmance and visual artistic skill culd supprt the well-being f lder adults, and that creativity, which is related t the persnality f penness, can lead t greater lngevity (寿命).
Think—and travel—utside the bx
“Peple wh travel tend t be mre creative,” said Darya Zabelina, a psychlgy prfessr at the University f Arkansas. Traveling encurages peple t reexamine their mdels f reality. Sme studies shw that travelers have mre creative success, and that peple wh enjy unfamiliar experiences perfrm better n pen-ended questins calling fr many ideas. ___17___.
___18___
Generating ideas is ne part f the creativity, but knwledge is required t identify the nes that will wrk. Even if mental speed declines, a persn’s base f knwledge is well-preserved as it expands ver time.
“Yu have mre t draw n,” said Nye, wh thinks her creativity imprved when she reached her 60s.
Mine adversity (逆境)
___19___. New Yrker Tbi Zausner discvered her mature painting style nly after a severe drug pisning. Fllwing a battle against cancer, she became a psychlgist and wrte a bk abut adversity fllwed by creative breakthrughs, When Walls Becme Drways. ___20___. They increased their inspiratin by sharpening their senses and increasing their emtinal sensitivity (敏感性).
A．Apply knwledge
B．Identify creativity
C．Facing up t challenges can inspire creativity.
D．Research suggests creativity may be the key t healthy aging
E．Travelers can reach different destinatins t braden their hrizns
F．Perfrmance n these tests may predict aspects f real-wrld creativity
G．An example in the bk is a study f artists wh had experienced illnesses
16．D 17．F 18．A 19．C 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了实现健康老龄化的一个新的方式是提升创造力。文章提出了几个关于如何提升创造力方法。
16．根据前文“If yu’re interested in staying healthy as yu age — and living lnger — yu might want t add a different set f muscles t yur wrkut rutine; yur creative nes.(如果你想随着年龄的增长保持健康——活得更长——你可能想在你的锻炼计划中增加一组不同的肌肉：增加的你创造力。)”可知，后文要强调的是创造力的重要性，即解释为什么增加创造力可以保持健康。D选项“Research suggests creativity may be the key t healthy aging.(研究表明，创造力可能是健康老龄化的关键。)”承接上文，指出创造力是实现老龄化健康的关键。故选D。
17．根据前文“Sme studies shw that travelers have mre creative success, and that peple wh enjy unfamiliar experiences perfrm better n pen-ended questins calling fr many ideas. (一些研究表明，旅行者更有创造性的成功，喜欢陌生经历的人在回答需要很多想法的开放式问题时表现得更好。)”可知，在一些开放性问题的测试中，一些喜欢陌生经历的人即具有创造力经验的人是表现的更好的。由此推知，后文陈述这些测试的重要意义。F选项“Perfrmance n these tests may predict aspects f real-wrld creativity.( 在这些测试中的表现可以预测现实世界创造力的某些方面)”符合题意，故选F。
18．根据句子结构，设空处为段落小标题，应该是祈使句结构。故可从A和B选项来选择。根据后文“Generating ideas is ne part f the creativity, but knwledge is required t identify the nes that will wrk. Even if mental speed declines, a persn’s base f knwledge is well-preserved as it expands ver time.(产生想法是创造力的一部分，但需要知识来识别那些可行的想法。即使思维速度下降，随着时间的推移，一个人的知识基础会得到很好的保存)”可知，虽然思维能力会下降，如果坚持应用所学的知识，那么知识基础会得到很好的保护。故A选项“Apply knwledge(应用知识)”符合本段主旨，且适合作为小标题。故选A。
19．根据后文的“New Yrker Tbi Zausner discvered her mature painting style nly after a severe drug pisning. (纽约人Tbi Zausner在一次严重的药物中毒后发现了自己成熟的绘画风格。)”可知，逆境是可以帮助人塑造和激发创造力的。C选项“Facing up t challenges can inspire creativity.(面对挑战可以激发创造力。)”符合语境。故选C。
20．根据前文“Fllwing a battle against cancer, she became a psychlgist and wrte a bk abut adversity fllwed by creative breakthrughs, When Walls Becme Drways.(在与癌症抗争后，她成为了一名心理学家，并写了一本关于逆境和创造性突破的书——《当墙变成门》。)”推知，下文应该阐述该书中的内容。G选项“An example in the bk is a study f artists wh had experienced illnesses(书中的一个例子是对经历过疾病的艺术家的研究。)”承接前文，the bk指上文的When Walls Becme Drways这本书。故选G。
（2022·山西·高二学业考试）Given the high price f husing, many f us are living in smaller space than we’d like. Hwever, living in a small space is nt that bad; it has sme advantages.
It’s cheaper t decrate. It can take thusands f dllars wrth f decratin simply t make large space lk inviting. ____21____ Instead f many pieces f large, expensive furniture, yu need nly a few t make yur style sing. Yu’ll have plenty f mney left fr ther things.
It’s easier t clean. This must be ne f yur favrite things abut living in small space. The bigger the space, the lnger it takes t rganize and tidy up. ____22____ That’s why small space is welcmed by thse wh like being surrunded by rder and cleanliness and dn’t want t spend a tn f time and energy in keeping them that way.
____23____ It takes a lt t pay fr heating, cling and electricity, which can als cst much energy. When yu cmpare the electricity bill f smene living in 500 square feet with that f smene living in 3,000 square feet, the difference can be great. We use less energy and prduce less waste when we live in a small space. ____24____
It’s easier t persnalize. Ever have yu walked int a large hme that feels mre like a museum than the small hme f smene yu knw? It’s usually nt the mst familiar r welcming atmsphere. ____25____ It is much easier t decrate a small hme in yur wn style.
A．It’s mre rganized and cmfrtable.
B．N ne wants t spend hurs just cleaning.
C．Living in a small hmes makes yur life in mess.
D．It’s financially and envirnmentally friendly.
E．S it als des gd t ur belved Mther Nature.
F．Actually, yu want yur hme t shw yur persnal style.
G．Small space, hwever, makes decrating mre simple and affrdable.
21．G 22．B 23．D 24．E 25．F
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了居住在小房子里的优点。
21．根据上文“It’s cheaper t decrate. It can take thusands f dllars wrth f decratin simply t make large space lk inviting. (装修更便宜。花费数千美元的装修费用只是为了能让大空间看起来很吸引人。)”可知，上文告诉我们大空间的装修费用很高，G项意为“然而，小空间使装修更简单、更负担得起。”选项与上文形成对照，大空间的装修费用很高，小空间使装修更简单、更负担得起，且呼应段落主旨，小空间装修更便宜。故选G。
22．根据下文“That’s why small space is welcmed by thse wh like being surrunded by rder and cleanliness and dn’t want t spend a tn f time and energy in keeping them that way. (这就是为什么小空间受到那些喜欢被秩序和清洁包围的人的欢迎，他们不想花费大量的时间和精力来保持这种状态。)”可知，下文告诉我们小空间受到那些喜欢保持房子清洁和有条理的人的欢迎，B项意为“没有人愿意花几个小时打扫卫生。”选项与下文构成因果关系，没有人愿意花几个小时打扫卫生，这就是为什么小空间受到那些喜欢被秩序和清洁包围的人的欢迎。故选B。
23．根据下文“It takes a lt t pay fr heating, cling and electricity, which can als cst much energy. (取暖、制冷和用电需要很多钱，这也会耗费很多能源。)”和“We use less energy and prduce less waste when we live in a small space. (当我们住在一个小空间里时，我们使用更少的能源，产生更少的废物。)”可知，本段主要告诉我们取暖、制冷和用电需要很多钱，也会耗费很多能源，住在一个小空间里可以节省钱，并且更环保，D项意为“它在经济上和环境上都是友好的。”选项能够概括段落主旨，下文内容解释了为什么小空间在经济上和环境上都是友好的。故选D。
24．根据上文“We use less energy and prduce less waste when we live in a small space. (当我们住在一个小空间里时，我们使用更少的能源，产生更少的废物。)”可知，上文内容告诉我们当我们住在一个小空间里时，可以节约能源，产生更少的废物，E项意为“因此，它对我们深爱的大自然也有好处。”选项能够承接上文，正是因为住在小空间里可以节约能源，产生更少的废物，所以它对我们深爱的大自然也有好处。故选E。
25．根据段落主旨句“It’s easier t persnalize. (更容易个性化。)”和下文“It is much easier t decrate a small hme in yur wn style. (用你自己的风格装饰一个小房子要容易得多。)”可知，本段内容主要告诉我们小房子的装饰更容易个性化，F项意为“实际上，你想让你的家展示你的个人风格。”选项符合段落主旨，且能引起下文，你想让你的家展示你的个人风格，用你自己的风格装饰一个小房子要容易得多。故选F。
（2022·山东·济南市教育教学研究院高一学业考试）“A ship in harbr is safe, but that is nt what ships are built fr,” said Jhn A．Shedd, an early 20th century authr. Thrughut’ the Cvid-19, we’ve all becme used t assessing risk in new ways. We’ve cme t understand, thugh we can never get rid f risk altgether, we have great pwer t make chices bth large and small t prtect urselves.____26____It stps us frm stepping utside f ur cmfrt znes and trying new things.
Develpmental psychlgists talk abut “psitive risks” — scially acceptable risks that ur lives can benefit frm.____27____But what abut these, wh develp int adults? Researchers have fund that happiness fr lder adults is being able t chse hw they spend their time, including ways that are adventurus, new and even-like hiking r ther utdr activities — mildly risky.
One guide t psitive risk management lists ways that peple can make sure their risks are n the “safe" side f risk range. Fr example, t ensure a successful bike ride, yu shuld in advance equip yurself with a fully-charged cell phne and a full water bttle.____28____ Or if yu are, cncerned abut yur physical capacity, cnsult a certified trainer r medical prfessinal befre departure.
____29____This means adapting t changing situatins. In respnse t the deadly virus, peple chse t step back int nrmal life nly after they are vaccinated. In this way, peple culd be cnfident that the risk is tlerable.
Nbdy wants t be needlessly risky. But using ur newly-acquired risk assessment tls, we can nce again learn and grw in ur lives.____30____
A．Take risks in a psitive way.
B．But the self- prtective mind state carries its wn risk.
C．Overall happiness is ne benefit f psitive risk-taking.
D．Remember t tell ne f yur friends r family yur destinatin.
E．Besides taking preventive steps, flexible thinking is als encuraged.
F．Like a ship sailing away frm its harbr, that is what we were built t d.
G．Fr teenagers, this means risks like running fr mnitr r trying ut fr a team.
26．B 27．G 28．D 29．E 30．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲述了作者认为尽管要保护自己，但也要进行适当的积极冒险，尝试新事物的想法，并给出了积极冒险的定义、措施。
26．根据上文““A ship in harbr is safe, but that is nt what ships are built fr,” said Jhn A. Shedd, an early 20th century authr. Thrughut’ the Cvid-19, we’ve all becme used t assessing risk in new ways. We’ve cme t understand, thugh we can never get rid f risk altgether, we have great pwer t make chices bth large and small t prtect urselves.(“停泊在港口的船是安全的，但那不是造船的目的，”20世纪初的作家Jhn A. Shedd说。在整个Cvid-19疫情期间，我们都习惯于以新的方式评估风险。我们已经认识到，尽管我们永远无法完全摆脱风险，但我们有强大的能力做出大大小小的选择来保护自己)”以及后文“It stps us frm stepping utside f ur cmfrt znes and trying new things. (它阻止我们走出舒适区，尝试新事物)”可知，前面讲述了因为疫情我们都变得习惯用新方式评估风险，我们开始意识到我们有很大的能力进行大大小小的选择来保护自己，而空格后却表明这阻止我们迈出舒适圈和尝试新事物可知，选B才能符合前后的转折，it指代B中的自我保护的心态，但是自我保护的心态也有自己的风险。故B选项“但是自我保护的精神状态也有它自己的风险”符合语境，故选B。
27．根据上文“Develpmental psychlgists talk abut “psitive risks” — scially acceptable risks that ur lives can benefit frm.(发展心理学家谈论“积极风险”——社会可接受的风险，我们的生活可以从中受益)”以及后文“But what abut these, wh develp int adults? Researchers have fund that happiness fr lder adults is being able t chse hw they spend their time, including ways that are adventurus, new and even- like hiking r ther utdr activities — mildly risky.(但是那些成长为成年人的人呢？研究人员发现，老年人的幸福在于能够选择如何度过他们的时间，包括冒险的、新的甚至是风险较小的徒步旅行或其他户外活动)”可知，上文表明发展心理学家讲述了积极风险的定义，空格后却表示但已经长大成人的大人呢。由此可知，所填句子应该是承接前一句讲述青少年（发展心理学本身的主要内容就是儿童期，包括青少年的心理发展），因此选G，对于青少年这意味着像竞选班长、报名参加一个团体这样的风险，this指代前面的psitive risks，然后空格后再转折讲述成年人的幸福也包括冒险。故G选项“对青少年来说，这意味着要冒竞选班长或参加团队的风险”符合语境，故选G。
28．根据上文“One guide t psitive risk management lists ways that peple can make sure their risks are n the “safe" side f risk range. Fr example, t ensure a successful bike ride, yu shuld in advance equip yurself with a fully-charged cell phne and a full water bttle.(一份积极风险管理指南列出了人们可以确保他们的风险处于风险范围的“安全”一侧的方法。例如，为了确保骑行成功，你应该提前准备好一个充满电的手机和一个装满水的水瓶)”可知，此处应该继续描述为了顺利完成自行车骑行而采取的措施，故D选项“记得告诉你的朋友或家人你的目的地”符合语境，故选D。
29．根据后文“This means adapting t changing situatins. In respnse t the deadly virus, peple chse t step back int nrmal life nly after they are vaccinated. In this way, peple culd be cnfident that the risk is tlerable.(这意味着要适应不断变化的情况。为了应对这一致命病毒，人们只有在接种疫苗后才选择回到正常生活。这样，人们就可以相信风险是可以承受的)”可知，根据空格后表示这表明适应变化的情形。后面举例表明，面对致死的病毒，人们选择在接种疫苗后回到日常生活可知，这里选E才符合后文，this指代E中的flexible thinking，除了采取预防措施，灵活变通的想法也值得提倡。故E选项“除了采取预防措施外，还鼓励灵活思考”符合语境，故选E。
30．根据上文“Nbdy wants t be needlessly risky. But using ur newly-acquired risk assessment tls, we can nce again learn and grw in ur lives.(没有人愿意冒不必要的风险。但使用我们新获得的风险评估工具，我们可以再次在生活中学习和成长)”可知，文章开头就用船比喻人，表明尽管在港口的船是安全的，但那不是造船的目的，来鼓励人们进行适当的冒险。在中间讲述了适当冒险的好处，定义和相应措施后，最后一段选F最合适，既符合该段落再次倡导使用新的风险评估工具，也符合前文对积极冒险的倡议，就像离开港口的船一样，我们的人生也该那样（合理冒险）。故F选项“就像一艘驶离港湾的船，这就是我们的使命”符合语境，故选F。
Signs That Yu Are Grwing
Grwing is a lifelng prcess. Here are the signs that shw that yu are actually grwing and nt getting stuck in the prcess.
1
Often, we see hw badly peple lk when they get verly upset due t unimprtant things. S the first sign f maturity (成熟) is letting the small things g and nt getting angry ver a tiny detail that didn’t g as yu planned.
Yu start frgiving and understanding ther peple
When we are yung, we are ften unfrgiving. As we mature, we are better able t understand the wrld beynd black and white. 2 . It enables us t lk beynd the bvius and let g f simple judgments. We begin t understand better that thers have cmplex (复杂的) lives and persnalities, and s we becme mre willing t frgive their mistakes.
Yu always cmplete things that matter
Immature peple dn’t knw when t cmmit (承诺) themselves and their energy r resurces are always nt well emplyed. 3 . In this way, they can ften keep their prmises and hnr their cmmitments.
Yu accept the pssibility f being wrng
4 . They are always able t accept the pssibility that they are wrng, that they dn’t knw smething, because there is always mre t learn.
Being mature is knwing that yu are always grwing up. Yu are never dne learning and develping. This means that yu dn’t set yurself up as the highest authrity. 5 .
A．Yu fllw the crwd
B．Yu let the small things g
C．Instead, mature peple fcus n cmpleting things that matter
D．Immature and mature peple can bth have plans fr their lives
E．Rather, yu pen yur mind t ther ideas and new pssibilities
F．Becming mre understanding is a sign f strength, nt weakness
G．Mature peple appear mre cnfident, hwever, they are nt vercnfident
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．G 5．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了四种表明你变得成熟的迹象。
1．根据本段内容“Often, we see hw badly peple lk when they get verly upset due t unimprtant things. S the first sign f maturity (成熟) is letting the small things g and nt getting angry ver a tiny detail that didn’t g as yu planned.(通常，我们看到人们因为不重要的事情而过度沮丧时的样子是多么糟糕。所以成熟的第一个标志就是让小事过去，不要因为没有按计划进行的小细节而生气)”可知，本段提到“让小事过去，不要因为没有按计划进行的小细节而生气”，即建议不计较小事情。故B项“你不计较小事”适合作本节的小标题。故选B。
2．根据标题“Yu start frgiving and understanding ther peple(你开始原谅和理解别人)”；空前“As we mature, we are better able t understand the wrld beynd black and white.(随着我们的成熟，我们能够更好地理解非黑即白的世界)”及空后“It enables us t lk beynd the bvius and let g f simple judgments.(它使我们能够超越显而易见的事物，放弃简单的判断)”可知，本段的主旨是理解他人，更好地理解非黑即白的世界，F选项中understanding对应标题中understanding。故F项“变得更加善解人意是一种力量，而不是软弱”符合语境。故选F。
3．根据空前“Immature peple dn’t knw when t cmmit (承诺) themselves and their energy r resurces are always nt well emplyed.(不成熟的人不知道什么时候该承诺自己，他们的精力和资源总是没有得到很好的利用)”及空后“In this way, they can ften keep their prmises and hnr their cmmitments.(通过这种方式，他们通常可以遵守他们的承诺和履行他们的承诺)”可知，上文提到了不成熟的人的做法，可知本句是在说明成熟的人会怎么做。C选项中mature peple与上文Immature peple相对应。故C项“相反，成熟的人专注于完成重要的事情”符合语境。故选C。
4．根据本节的小标题“Yu accept the pssibility f being wrng(你接受错误的可能性)”及空后“They are always able t accept the pssibility that they are wrng, that they dn’t knw smething, because there is always mre t learn.(他们总是能够接受自己错了的可能性，接受自己不知道的可能性，因为总有更多的东西需要学习)”可知，后文提到了某种人能够接受自己错了的可能性，认识到有更多的东西需要学习，G选项中Mature peple对应后文They。故G项“成熟的人看起来更自信，然而，他们并不是过度自信”符合语境。故选G。
5．根据空前“Yu are never dne learning and develping. This means that yu dn’t set yurself up as the highest authrity.(你永远不会停止学习和发展。这意味着你没有把自己设定为最高权威)”可知，上文提到了“没有把自己设定为最高权威”，故本句与上文构成转折，指出这种特性会导致的结果：你会敞开心扉接受其他的想法和新的可能性。故E项“相反，你会敞开心扉接受其他的想法和新的可能性”符合语境。故选E。
The Rise f “China-chic”
Over past years, gucha, r “China-chic” has been gaining ppularity amng Chinese cnsumers. Gucha cnveys the cultural heritage and values f China. 6 . “China-chic” is rising, but what is it?
The idea f gucha was first brrwed frm sme internatinal brands, and began t win ver Chinese cnsumers in 2015. 7 . In 2018, Chinese sprtswear band Li-Ning presented its Wu Da (the principles f Taism) cllectin at the New Yrk Fashin Week. It featured bright red clr and Chinese characters. Mre brands have since fllwed, heralding (预示) the early perid f gucha.
8 . This was a perid when applicatins f big data, clud cmputing, the Internet f Things, and 5G technlgy hit the market ne after anther. Dmestic tech cmpanies such as Huawei, Xiami, and DJI made headlines.
In its third stage, gucha became mre cmmn in everyday life. Over the past decade, gucha has expanded frm cnsumer gds t experiential prducts. As cnsumers are shwing greater interest in cultural identity and creativity, prductins like the TV prgram Natinal Treasure, and the dance shw Night Banquet in Tang Dynasty Palace integrate cultural and histrical elements with the latest audi-visual technlgies. 9 .
Nwadays, gucha is mving t the next stage. N matter hw the trend evlves, Chinese peple’s psitive attitude tward the cuntry’s develpment and their recgnitin f and grwing cnfidence in natinal culture wn’t change. 10 . Seen frm a brader perspective, gucha mirrrs the rise f China, a cuntry eager t make its presence felt glbally. Gucha is a style, but mre imprtantly, it transmits culture and values.
A．The trend grew in the fllwing years
B．They give the viewers a ttally new experience
C．The next stage saw the rise f China’s native fashin trends
D．It als expresses natinal pride and cnfidence in a new era
E．The secnd perid f gucha mainly features hi-tech sectrs
F．Its success will rely first and fremst n gaining cultural cnfidence
G．The cncept f “Made in China” was recgnized as the representatin f Chinese culture
【答案】6．D 7．A 8．E 9．B 10．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“中国时尚”——国潮的兴起。
6．根据上文“Over past years, gucha, r “China-chic” has been gaining ppularity amng Chinese cnsumers. Gucha cnveys the cultural heritage and values f China. (在过去的几年里，国潮在中国消费者中越来越受欢迎。国潮传达了中国的文化遗产和价值观。)”可知，这里提到国潮的受欢迎以及国潮蕴含的内涵。选项D“它也表达了民族自豪感和对新时代的信心”承接上文，其中的expresses和上文的cnveys呼应。故选D。
7．根据上文“The idea f gucha was first brrwed frm sme internatinal brands, and began t win ver Chinese cnsumers in 2015. (国潮的理念最早是借鉴了一些国际品牌，并于2015年开始赢得中国消费者的青睐。)”和下文“In 2018, Chinese sprtswear band Li-Ning presented its Wu Da(the principles f Taism) cllectin at the New Yrk Fashin Week. It featured bright red clr and Chinese characters. Mre brands have since fllwed, heralding(预示) the early perid f gucha. (2018年，中国运动品牌李宁在纽约时装周上展示了其“悟道”系列。它以鲜艳的红色和汉字为特色。此后，更多的品牌紧随其后，预示着国潮的早期。)”可知，这里介绍国潮早期的发展历程。选项A“这一趋势在接下来的几年里不断发展”和承上启下，其中的the fllwing years呼应上下文的年份2015和2018。故选A。
8．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应统领下文内容。根据下文“This was a perid when applicatins f big data, clud cmputing, the Internet f Things, and 5G technlgy hit the market ne after anther. Dmestic tech cmpanies such as Huawei, Xiami, and DJI made headlines. (这是一个大数据、云计算、物联网和5G技术应用相继进入市场的时期。华为、小米和大疆等国内科技公司成为头条新闻。)”可知，这里介绍与高科技相关的国潮品牌。选项E“国潮的第二个时期以高科技产业为主”契合段落内容，且和上一段落的第一阶段和下一段落的第三阶段呼应。故选E。
9．根据上文“As cnsumers are shwing greater interest in cultural identity and creativity, prductins like the TV prgram Natinal Treasure, and the dance shw Night Banquet in Tang Dynasty Palace integrate cultural and histrical elements with the latest audi-visual technlgies. (随着消费者对文化认同和创意表现出更大的兴趣，电视节目《国家宝藏》和舞蹈节目《大唐夜宴》等作品将文化和历史元素与最新的视听技术相结合。)”可知，这里介绍融入国潮的电视文化节目。选项B“它们给观众一种全新的体验”承接上文，其中的They指代上文的prductins。故选B。
10．根据上文“Nwadays, gucha is mving t the next stage. N matter hw the trend evlves, Chinese peple’s psitive attitude tward the cuntry’s develpment and their recgnitin f and grwing cnfidence in natinal culture wn’t change. (如今，国潮正在迈向下一个阶段。无论这一趋势如何演变，中国人民对国家发展的积极态度以及对民族文化的认可和信心都不会改变。)”可知，这里涉及国潮与人民对国家发展的积极态度和文化自信的关系。选项F“它的成功首先取决于获得文化自信”承接上文。故选F。
Remember Lin King? Many f us walked ut f that animatin mvie being in awe f (钦佩) the stryline, the sngs, the clurs and the animatin. Hwever, hw many f us wuld have given thught t the wrk dne by the animatrs?
11 Nw, multiply the amunt f wrk it takes t prduce a 90-minute mvie. Mind-blwing, is it pt? The patience, skills and technical training required are a lt mre demanding (高要求的) than a nn-animated mvie.
One f the greatest sft skills an animatr can have will be the ability t wrk tgether in a team. 12 Just as it takes a village t bring up a child, it takes a number f peple t create an animated film.
The team f animatrs usually use cmputer sftware and wrk with artists t create the magic and make the characters “cme t life.” A successful prductin accurately captures (捕捉) the characters’ wide range f expressins, amng ther aspects. 13 It’s usually after a great amunt f time spent studying acting and bservatinal skills. The animatrs study bdy mvements t create realistic and specific emtins and reactins in their characters.
Animatin wrk usually differs frm pre-prductin t prductin stages. Sme animatrs are invlved in develping and visualizing (可视化)the stryline. Sme animatrs are invlved in keeping the characters’ persnalities and cre (核心的) psitins cnstant thrughut the prductin. 14 At times, the mvements f the actrs and actresses are captured and then mapped n t the animatin drawings.
D animatrs g t a schl t learn animatin first? Ideally, yes. It is highly recmmended that animatr-lvers get a cllege degree first. If yu are interested in becming an animatr, d nt stp there. Bravely apprach prductin huses fr internship (实习) pprtunities. 15
A．Animatin is never a sl effrt.
B．These expressins are nt created vernight.
C．The team will als need t be gd cmmunicatrs.
D．It takes weeks t create a ten-secnd animatin prductin.
E．Animatrs at the prductin stage bring the characters t life.
F．An animatr with a suitable qualificatin and experiences is always in demand.
G．Animatrs are the mst sensitive creatrs when it cmes t life and human nature.
【答案】11．D 12．A 13．B 14．E 15．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动画师是如何创作动画电影的。
11．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Nw, multiply the amunt f wrk it takes t prduce a 90-minute mvie. Mind-blwing, is it pt? The patience, skills and technical training required are a lt mre demanding (高要求的) than a nn-animated mvie.(现在，将制作一部90分钟的电影所需的工作量翻倍。令人兴奋，是大麻吗？与非动画电影相比，对耐心、技巧和技术训练的要求要高得多。)”可知，动画电影所需要的时间、努力等要比非动画电影多得多。选项D“It takes weeks t create a ten-secnd animatin prductin.(制作一个十秒钟的动画作品需要几个星期。)”指的也是制作动画电影需要大量时间，与下文内容一致。故选D。
12．根据空后内容“Just as it takes a village t bring up a child, it takes a number f peple t create an animated film.(正如养育一个孩子需要一个村庄一样，制作一部动画电影也需要很多人。)”可知，制作一部动画电影需要很多人的努力。选项A“Animatin is never a sl effrt.(动画电影从来不是一个人的努力。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是动画电影需要很多人的努力。故选A。
13．根据空前“A successful prductin accurately captures (捕捉) the characters’ wide range f expressins, amng ther aspects.(一部成功的作品准确地捕捉了人物广泛的表情，以及其他方面。)”可知，好的动画作品还需要人物广泛的表情。选项B“These expressins are nt created vernight.(这些表达不是一夜之间形成的。)”是上文内容的自然延续，同时引出下文“It’s usually after a great amunt f time spent studying acting and bservatinal skills. The animatrs study bdy mvements t create realistic and specific emtins and reactins in their characters.(通常是在花大量时间学习表演和观察技巧之后。动画师研究身体动作，为他们的角色创造真实而具体的情绪和反应。)”。故选B。
14．根据空前“Animatin wrk usually differs frm pre-prductin t prductin stages. Sme animatrs are invlved in develping and visualizing (可视化)the stryline. Sme animatrs are invlved in keeping the characters’ persnalities and cre (核心的) psitins cnstant thrughut the prductin.(动画工作通常不同于前期制作和后期制作阶段。一些动画师参与发展和可视化故事情节。在整个制作过程中，一些动画师参与保持角色的个性和核心位置不变。)”可知，动画师需要在制作过程中赋予角色生命。选项E“Animatrs at the prductin stage bring the characters t life.(动画师在制作阶段给角色赋予生命。)”与上文内容一致，同时引出下文“At times, the mvements f the actrs and actresses are captured and then mapped n t the animatin drawings.(有时，演员的动作被捕捉到，然后映射到动画图纸上。)”。整段内容讲述的都是动画师如何进行角色塑造。故选E。
15．根据空前“D animatrs g t a schl t learn animatin first? Ideally, yes. It is highly recmmended that animatr-lvers get a cllege degree first. If yu are interested in becming an animatr, d nt stp there. Bravely apprach prductin huses fr internship (实习) pprtunities.(动画师会先去学校学习动画吗？理想情况下，是的。强烈建议动画爱好者首先获得大学学位。如果你有兴趣成为一名动画师，不要止步于此。勇敢地向制片公司寻求实习机会。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是成为动画师的要求。选项F“Animatrs are the mst sensitive creatrs when it cmes t life and human nature.(具有适当资格和经验的动画师总是需要的。)”是上文内容的总结，讲述的是动画师需要有适当的资格和经验。故选F。
Child care wrkers help care fr children when their parents are wrking r are busy with ther tasks. 16 But fr children wh are nt attending schl, they may watch them full-time. Sme child care wrkers are emplyed (雇佣) thrugh a schl r day care center. Others are self-emplyed and wrk ut f the hme.
17 The wrkers need t keep the children safe. Als, they must let children fully take part in different activities. S, it’s imprtant that child carers knw many games and activities. Besides, they shuld keep children healthy and make sure they’re in a clean envirnment.
As fr the persnality, child care wrkers need t be very patient when talking t children and guiding them. 18 If nt, children will find it hard t get alng with them. Als, they need t be able t stay calm (镇静的) in dangerus situatins, fr example, if a child falls dwn.
Child care prviders are helpful; they can give reprts t the parents n hw their child is ding. Since sme wrkers help with hmewrk, they knw well hw a child is dealing with the wrk. They knw hw the child cmmunicates with ther children. And they knw hw they deal with certain key situatins. 19 They can learn abut hw the child behaves (表现) when they’re nt arund.
In many cases, child care wrkers play the part f a teacher, playmate, etc. They shuld have a high level f respnsibility. Their jb plays an imprtant rle in the lives f many families. 20
A．And they shuld study with kids.
B．They must take their jb seriusly.
C．Child care wrkers need t be healthy.
D．Child care wrkers have several key tasks.
E．Besides, child care wrkers shuld be friendly.
F．They watch the children befre r after schl.
G．These are very useful infrmatin t the parents.
【答案】16．F 17．D 18．E 19．G 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了儿童保育员怎样和孩子相处才是做好工作。
16．根据上文“Child care wrkers help care fr children when their parents are wrking r are busy with ther tasks. (当他们的父母在工作或忙于其他任务时，儿童保育员帮助照顾孩子。)”和下文“But fr children wh are nt attending schl, they may watch them full-time. (但是对于那些不上学的孩子，他们可能会全职照看孩子。)”可知，这里主要讲儿童保育员工作职责，F选项They watch the children befre r after schl.(他们在孩子上学前或放学后照看他们。)符合语境。其中they与上文Child care wrkers对应，befre r after schl与下文 nt attending schl对应，有承上启下作用。故选 F项。
17．根据下文“The wrkers need t keep the children safe. Als, they must let children fully take part in different activities. S, it’s imprtant that child carers knw many games and activities. Besides, they shuld keep children healthy and make sure they’re in a clean envirnment. (工人们需要保证孩子们的安全。此外，他们必须让孩子充分参加不同的活动。所以，让孩子们了解许多游戏和活动是很重要的。此外，他们应该保持孩子们的健康，并确保他们在一个干净的环境。)”可知，这里具体说了保育员的任务。D选项Child care wrkers have several key tasks. (儿童保育工作者有几项关键任务。)符合语境，由启下作用。其中 key tasks与下文具体介绍的职责对应。故选D项。
18．根据上文“As fr the persnality, child care wrkers need t be very patient when talking t children and guiding them. (至于性格方面，保育员在与孩子交谈和指导时需要非常耐心。)”和下文“If nt, children will find it hard t get alng with them. (如果没有，孩子们会的我觉得很难和他们相处。)”可知，本空应该是写保育员有的品质。E选项Besides, child care wrkers shuld be friendly. (此外，保育员应该很友好。)符合语境，其中friendly与下文get alng with them对应。故选E项。
19．根据上文“They knw hw the child cmmunicates with ther children. And they knw hw they deal with certain key situatins. (他们知道孩子如何与其他孩子交流。他们知道如何处理某些关键的情况。)”和下文“They can learn abut hw the child behaves (表现) when they’re nt arund. (父母他们可以了解到孩子在他们不在身边时是如何表现的。)”可知，本段说了保育员应对孩子很了解，G选项These are very useful infrmatin t the parents. (这些对家长来说是非常有用的信息。)符合语境，其中These指代上文几个They knw hw的内容。故选G项。
20．根据上文“In many cases, child care wrkers play the part f a teacher, playmate, etc. They shuld have a high level f respnsibility. Their jb plays an imprtant rle in the lives f many families. (在很多情况下，保育员扮演着老师、玩伴的角色等。他们应该有高度的责任感。他们的工作在许多家庭的生活中扮演着重要的角色。)”可知，本段写了保育员的重要性，且本空在结尾应该起到总结作用。B选项They must take their jb seriusly. (他们必须认真对待自己的工作。)符合语境，其中They代指前文child care wrkers，their jb也与上文对应。故选B项。
Preparing fr a phne interview
Every interview is different, but that desn’t mean the basic questins aren’t cvered in every interview. 21 With that in mind, yu can prepare fr ne interviews t ensure yu have answers t the mst cmmn questins.
Tell me abut yurself.
22 Hwever, this intrductin will nly take a few minutes, and then the line f questining will begin. Mre ften than nt, an interviewer will begin with smething like “Tell me abut yurself.” Preparing fr this questin in advance allws yu t think abut yur gals and yur past wrk experiences.
Salary (薪酬) requirements.
23 Des the jb list a salary? What is the median salary fr this psitin? Hw badly d yu want the jb? In mst cases, it’s best t reply that yu are pen in terms f salary, especially if yu dn’t want t lse a psitin by asking fr t much.
Why d yu want this psitin?
Mst emplyers will ask yu “Why us?” r “Where did yu hear abut us?” 24 Ding yur research in advance f the interview and bringing up sme f the cmpany’s values will tell the interviewer that yu’ re very much interested in the psitin.
When can yu start?
Last but nt least, yu will be asked when yu can start. Again, this is up t yur situatin, but mst individuals will say they require tw weeks’ ntice frm the ffer acceptance. 25 This can shw that yu’ re still interested in the psitin.
A．First, yu shuld d yur research.
B．In fact, mst emplyers will g thrugh the basics.
C．Fr mst peple, this will relate t cllege and schl breaks, etc.
D．Basically, they want t understand what drew yu t this psitin.
E．If yu need mre time, yu shuld nt nly state that but als explain why.
F．Behaviral questins will tell the interviewer a bit mre abut yur persnality.
G．In mst phne interviews, an interviewer will begin by describing the cmpany.
【答案】21．B 22．G 23．A 24．D 25．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帮助应聘者从容应对电话面试的四点建议。
21．根据下文“With that in mind, yu can prepare fr ne interviews t ensure yu have answers t the mst cmmn questins.(考虑到这一点，你可以准备一次面试，以确保你对最常见的问题有答案。)”可知，这里讲应聘者可以提前准备此类问题。而B项In fact, mst emplyers will g thrugh the basics.(事实上，大多数雇主都会问基础问题。)符合句意，起到承上启下作用，其中basics与上文中的basic questins相对应。故选B项。
22．根据下文“Hwever, this intrductin will nly take a few minutes, and then the line f questining will begin. (然而，这个介绍只需要几分钟，然后提问就开始了。)”可知，这里主要讲介绍不会花很多时间，而G项In mst phne interviews, an interviewer will begin by describing the cmpany.(在大多数电话面试中，面试官会从描述公司开始。)符合语境，与下文构成转折关系。且其中的describing the cmpany与下文中的intrductin相呼应，且下文中的and then the line f questining will begin与G项构成顺承关系。故选G项。
23．根据下文“Des the jb list a salary? What is the median salary fr this psitin? Hw badly d yu want the jb?(这份工作有工资单吗？这个职位的平均工资是多少？你多么想要这份工作？)”可知，这些都是应聘者在面试前应该研究的有关薪酬方面的问题。而A项First, yu shuld d yur research.(首先，你应该做你的研究。)符合语境，其中research和后面的三个问题对应。故选A项。
24．由下文“Ding yur research in advance f the interview and bringing up sme f the cmpany’s values will tell the interviewer that yu’ re very much interested in the psitin.(在面试前做调查，提出公司的一些价值观，这会告诉面试官你对这个职位非常感兴趣。)”可知，这里主要讲可以通过了解公司价值观来表现你的兴趣。而D项Basically, they want t understand what drew yu t this psitin.(基本上，他们想了解是什么把你吸引到这个位置。)符合语境，D项是对上文中的Mst emplyers will ask yu “why us” r “where did yu hear abut us”的解释说明，且D项中的what drew yu t this psitin与下文中的yu’re very much interested in the psitin相呼应。故选D项。
25．根据上文“Last but nt least, yu will be asked when yu can start. Again, this is up t yur situatin, but mst individuals will say they require tw weeks’ ntice frm the ffer acceptance.(最后但同样重要的是，你会被问到什么时候可以开始。同样，这取决于你的情况，但大多数人会说，他们需要在接受要约后提前两周通知。)”可知，这里在讨论开始就职的时间问题，而E项If yu need mre time, yu shuld nt nly state that but als explain why.(如果你需要更多的时间，你不仅要说明，还要解释原因。)符合语境，其中need mre time与上文中的require tw weeks’ ntice相呼应。故选E项。
Wetlands, making up abut 6% f Earth’s land surface, are fund n every cntinent except fr Antarctica. 26 .
Prtecting against flds. Wetlands play a crucial rle in prtecting against flds. The plants and sil in wetlands act as natural spnges (海绵), string excess water during heavy rainfall r strms. 27 .
Purifying (净化) water. Wetlands have exceptinal abilities t purify water. Acting as natural filters, the plants, sil and micr creatures in wetlands remve sediments, excess nutrients and pllutants frm water surces. 28 . And the water can be suitable fr varius uses such as drinking, irrigatin and supprting aquatic life. Wetlands are particularly effective in remving harmful chemicals, heavy metals and excessive nitrgen and phsphrus (磷), which can therwise cause water pllutin.
29 . Wetlands are incredibly prductive ecsystems, prviding habitats fr a diverse range f plant and animal species. The cmplex and dynamic wetland envirnments supprt a lt f amphibians, birds, fish, mammals, reptiles and invertebrates. Many f these species are dependent n wetlands fr survival, using them as breeding grunds, feeding areas and nurseries. Wetlands als serve as imprtant stpver sites fr migratry birds, ffering them crucial resting and feeding areas during their lng jurneys.
Fighting climate change. Aside frm these vital functins, wetlands als play a significant rle in fighting climate change. 30 . They act as carbn (碳) sinks, absrbing and string carbn dixide frm the atmsphere, thus mitigating the greenhuse effect and reducing the impacts f climate change. Mrever, wetlands help regulate lcal and reginal climates by influencing the temperature, humidity and rainfall patterns. 1hey act as natural cling systems, reducing heat island effects and mderating the lcal temperature.
Hwever, the wrld’s wetlands are being lst at an alarming rate. Restratin and cnservatin prjects ffer hpe that these ecsystems can be saved.
A．Supprting life
B．Prtecting birds
C．This prcess helps t imprve water quality
D．The water stred in wetlands can be drunk
E．Wetlands play an imprtant rle despite their small cverage
F．Wetland plants have remarkable carbn strage capabilities
G．Thus, wetlands can reduce the risk f flding in surrunding areas
【答案】26．E 27．G 28．C 29．A 30．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了湿地的重要作用。
26．根据上文“Wetlands, making up abut 6% f Earth’s land surface, are fund n every cntinent except fr Antarctica.(湿地约占地球陆地面积的6%，除南极洲外，所有大陆都有湿地)”及下文对湿地作用的介绍可知，虽然湿地覆盖面积小，但是也有很重要的作用。由此可知，E. Wetlands play an imprtant rle despite their small cverage(湿地尽管覆盖面积小，但仍发挥着重要作用)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
27．根据上文“Prtecting against flds. Wetlands play a crucial rle in prtecting against flds. The plants and sil in wetlands act as natural spnges (海绵), string excess water during heavy rainfall r strms.(防洪。湿地在防洪方面起着至关重要的作用。湿地中的植物和土壤就像天然海绵，在暴雨或风暴期间储存多余的水分)”可知，湿地能够储存多余的水分，在防洪方面起着至关重要的作用。由此可知，G. Thus, wetlands can reduce the risk f flding in surrunding areas(因此，湿地可以减少周边地区发生洪水的风险)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
28．根据上文“Purifying (净化) water. Wetlands have exceptinal abilities t purify water. Acting as natural filters, the plants, sil and micr creatures in wetlands remve sediments, excess nutrients and pllutants frm water surces.(净化水。湿地有特殊的净化水的能力。湿地中的植物、土壤和微生物就像天然过滤器一样，可以从水源中去除沉积物、多余的营养物质和污染物)”可知，湿地有特殊的净化水的能力，能够改善水质。由此可知，C. This prcess helps t imprve water quality(这个过程有助于改善水质)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
29．根据下文“Wetlands are incredibly prductive ecsystems, prviding habitats fr a diverse range f plant and animal species.(湿地是极其多产的生态系统，为各种动植物物种提供栖息地)”可知，湿地为各种动植物物种提供栖息地，能够支持生命。由此可知，A. Supprting life(支持生命)适合作本段主题句，符合语境。故选A。
30．根据下文“They act as carbn (碳) sinks, absrbing and string carbn dixide frm the atmsphere, thus mitigating the greenhuse effect and reducing the impacts f climate change.(它们作为碳汇，从大气中吸收和储存二氧化碳，从而减轻温室效应，减少气候变化的影响)”可知，湿地具有碳存储能力。由此可知，F. Wetland plants have remarkable carbn strage capabilities(湿地植物具有显著的碳储存能力)能够引起下文，符合语境。故选F。
Having a gdnight’s sleep allws yur bdy t functin at its best. We fund sme lesser-knwn ideas that are well wrth a try.
Peple in China Wash Their Feet Befre Bed
Ft massages and spa treatments that are fcused n the feet are widely practised acrss China. 31 The rutine is dne right befre bed, s that after yu dry yur feet, they are still warm when yu sleep.
32
In Germany, cuples have slved the prblem f ne f them waking up cld whenever their partner rlls ver and takes the sheets with them. 33 Nt nly des that make it less likely that yur partner will disturb yur sleep when they mve arund, but yu can each custmize the amunt f bedding yu use t stay as warm r as cl as yu prefer at night.
Guatemalans Rely n Wrry Dlls
Guatemala has a lngstanding traditin f parents putting “wrry dlls” under their kids’ pillws t cmfrt them if they are afraid f the dark. Plus, children can tell the tiny dlls their wrries befre they g t sleep. 34 Adults in that cuntry and in Mexic are increasingly relying n the dlls, t. Expressing yur wrries befre bed can help — s why nt tell them t a dll?
The British Sleep Naked
Thirty percent f peple in the United Kingdm sleep naked, r at least they did when the mst recent glbal pll (民意调查) n the subject was dne. 35 “The biggest ne is therm-regulatin. It’s easier fr ‘ht sleepers’ t be cmfrtable.”
A．Germans Use Separate Duvets
B．Many American Cuples Sleep Separately
C．But it’s n lnger a ritual just fr children.
D．Nt wearing clthes t bed might be beneficial fr several reasns.
E．Autmatic ft spas are almst everywhere in Chinese husehlds.
F．The ritual (习惯) is s belved that many peple perfrm a DIY versin at hme befre bedtime each night.
G．While it’s typical fr partners t share a bed, each chses their wn single-sized sheets and a separate duvet (羽绒被).
【答案】31．F 32．A 33．G 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些不太为人所知的有助于睡眠的想法。
31．根据上文“Ft massages and spa treatments that are fcused n the feet are widely practised acrss China.(以脚部为中心的足底按摩和水疗在中国各地都很普遍)”可知，此处介绍了中国人常使用的方法。由此可知，F. The ritual (习惯) is s belved that many peple perfrm a DIY versin at hme befre bedtime each night.(这个习惯是如此受人喜爱，以至于许多人每晚睡前都在家里自己动手做一个)能够衔接上文，符合语境。选项中的The ritual指代上文中的Ft massages and spa treatments。故选F。
32．根据下文“In Germany, cuples have slved the prblem f ne f them waking up cld whenever their partner rlls ver and takes the sheets with them.(在德国，情侣们已经解决了这样的问题：当伴侣翻身并带走床单时，其中一人会因为寒冷而醒来)”可知，此处在讲述德国人的做法。由此可知，A. Germans Use Separate Duvets(德国人使用单独的羽绒被)能够引领下文，适合作本段小标题，符合语境。故选A。
33．根据上文“In Germany, cuples have slved the prblem f ne f them waking up cld whenever their partner rlls ver and takes the sheets with them.(在德国，情侣们已经解决了这样的问题：当伴侣翻身并带走床单时，其中一人会因为寒冷而醒来)”可知，德国情侣们找到了解决共用一张床时，有人会被冻醒的方法。由此可知，G. While it’s typical fr partners t share a bed, each chses their wn single-sized sheets and a separate duvet (羽绒被).(虽然伴侣共用一张床是很典型的，但每个人都选择自己的单尺寸床单和单独的羽绒被)能够衔接上文，同时引起下文“Nt nly des that make it less likely that yur partner will disturb yur sleep when they mve arund, but yu can each custmize the amunt f bedding yu use t stay as warm r as cl as yu prefer at night.(这不仅可以减少你的伴侣在走动时打扰你睡眠的可能性，而且你们可以根据自己的喜好定制床上用品的数量，以保持温暖或凉爽)”。故选G。
34．根据上文“Guatemala has a lngstanding traditin f parents putting “wrry dlls” under their kids’ pillws t cmfrt them if they are afraid f the dark. Plus, children can tell the tiny dlls their wrries befre they g t sleep.(危地马拉有一个悠久的传统，父母会把“忧虑娃娃”放在孩子的枕头下，如果他们害怕黑暗，就会安慰他们。此外，孩子们可以在睡觉前告诉小娃娃他们的担忧)”及下文“Adults in that cuntry and in Mexic are increasingly relying n the dlls, t.(这个国家和墨西哥的成年人也越来越依赖娃娃)”可知，此处在讲述危地马拉孩子们保持的一个传统，而这个习惯已经不在局限于孩子，一些成年人也开始这么做了。由此可知，C. But it’s n lnger a ritual just fr children.(但这已经不再是孩子们的习惯了)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
35．根据本段小标题“The British Sleep Naked (英国人裸睡)”及上文“Thirty percent f peple in the United Kingdm sleep naked, r at least they did when the mst recent glbal pll (民意调查) n the subject was dne.(英国有30%的人裸睡，至少在最近的一项全球调查中是这样的)”可知，本段在讲述英国人裸睡的问题。由此可知，D. Nt wearing clthes t bed might be beneficial fr several reasns.(不穿衣服睡觉有几个原因可能是有益的)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选D。
Highly successful peple dn’t becme successful vernight, and if they d, chances are that they dn’t stay at the tp withut gd daily habits t keep them n track. Yu may ask what thse daily habits are. 36
Make a daily t-d list.
Successful peple are busy. Just hw d they keep track f what needs ding in their persnal and business life? 37 Yu may stress abut the small things, while yu actually need t be fcusing n the bigger respnsibilities. S t help set yu up fr success, make a t-d list every day.
38
Yu may live a highly sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle, and this isn’t gd fr yur health. When yu are in pain r sick, ging after success becmes even mre challenging than when yu are healthy and able. Successful peple knw that a healthy bdy is equal t a healthy mind. S get mving. Chse the stairs, park further away and walk t the grcery stre, r make sure yu wrk ut at least nce a day.
Wrk tward small milestnes(里程碑).
It’s the small milestnes that set yu up t reach yur gal r achieve success. S while yu shuld keep the big picture in mind, keep wrking tward the smaller gals, t. 39 If yu want t write a nvel, ensure yu write 100—300 wrds a day.
Spend quality time with thse wh matter.
40 They have peple in their inner circle wh matter t them. Quality time with yur lved nes such as family and friends helps fill yur cup and feed yur sul, which gives yu the strength t keep ging and g after yur dreams f success.
A．Get active.
B．The answer is quite simple: a t-d list.
C．Highly successful peple dn’t just wrk.
D．Set small and practical health gals regularly.
E．Yur daily habit is t spend time n these small gals.
F．I have a list f answers t yur questin fr yu t chse frm.
G．Luckily fr yu, I have sme f the best nes t get yu started right here.
【答案】36．G 37．B 38．A 39．E 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了成功人士的一些日常好习惯。
36．上文“Yu may ask what thse daily habits are.(你可能会问这些日常习惯是什么。)”提到读者可能想知道成功人士的好习惯是什么，且下文“Make a daily t-d list.(列一个每天待办事项清单。)”，“Wrk tward small milestnes.(朝着小的里程碑努力。)”等段落列举了四个需要做的习惯，由此可推知，设空句应是起到承上启下的作用，衔接前文，也对后文段落有总结概括的作用。选项G“Luckily fr yu, I have sme f the best nes t get yu started right here.(幸运的是，我这里有一些最好的，可以让你从这里开始。)”中“Luckily fr yu”承接前文，“sme f the best nes”呼应下文，符合语境分析。故选G项。
37．上一句“Just hw d they keep track f what needs ding in their persnal and business life?(他们是如何了解个人生活和工作中需要做什么呢?)”是一个问句，故设空会给出相应的回答，选项B“The answer is quite simple: a t-d list.(答案很简单：一张待办事项清单。)”符合分析，且句中“t-d list”呼应小标题“Make a daily t-d list.(列一个每天待办事项清单。)”。故选B项。
38．设空句为该段的小标题，应是中心主旨句。根据下文内容“When yu are in pain r sick, ging after success becmes even mre challenging than when yu are healthy and able. Successful peple knw that a healthy bdy is equal t a healthy mind.(当你痛苦或生病时，追求成功比你健康和有能力时更具挑战性。成功人士知道健康的身体等于健康的思想。)”可知，本段提到成功人士很注重健康，因为这是获得成功的必要条件，由此可推知，本段主要建议读者要摈弃久坐不动的生活方式，要动起来。选项A“Get active.(变得活跃，动起来。)”可以概括本段内容。故选A项。
39．根据本段的小标题“Wrk tward small milestnes.(朝着小的里程碑努力。)”可知，该段强调“小进步，小目标”的重要性。选项E“Yur daily habit is t spend time n these small gals.(你的日常习惯是把时间花在这些小目标上。)”中“these small gals”呼应主题，且与上文“S while yu shuld keep the big picture in mind, keep wrking tward the smaller gals, t.(所以，当你在脑海中保持大的画面时，也要朝着小的目标努力。)”在句意上衔接紧密。故选E项。
40．根据本段小标题“Spend quality time with thse wh matter.(花时间和重要的人在一起。)”可知，本段强调的是成功人士的时间分配，因此，设空应该对标题句进行进一步的解释，即，成功人士除工作时间外，还有与重要的人的共度时间，选项C“Highly successful peple dn’t just wrk.(成功人士不只是工作。)”在句意是对标题的解释，且句中“Highly successful peple”与下文“They have peple in their inner circle wh matter t them.(他们的核心圈子里有对他们很重要的人。)”主语“They”相呼应。故选C项。
Here are a few ways t mtivate (激发) children t d chres.
41 Children always watch their parents and learn hw t act frm them, s the parents must set a gd example and take chres seriusly. This mtivates children t d chres, t.
Decide what kinds f chres children d. Fr yunger children, give them easy wrk, like putting away their tys. 42 .
Tell children abut the imprtance f ding chres. 43 Knwing the imprtance f the chres helps t mtivate children t d them.
44 When children finish the chres n the list, parents can reward them by giving them a prize. A chre list als gives children a sense f pride when they finish all their chres.
Give children sme mney t d mre chres. 45 But it is nt the best way. It's best t make children feel that ding chres is the wrk that they shuld d.
A．Set gd examples in the family.
B．Make a list f chres fr children.
C．Make children d chres unhappily.
D．Ask children t d all kinds f chres.
E．Giving mney fr mre chres can als wrk.
F．As the children get lder, make them d mre difficult chres.
G．Discuss the imprtance f ding chres and hw they help the whle family.
【答案】41．A 42．F 43．G 44．B 45．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些激励孩子做家务的方法。
41．根据后文的“Children always watch their parents and learn hw t act frm them, s the parents must set a gd example and take chres seriusly. (孩子们总是看着父母，从他们那里学习如何行动，所以父母必须树立一个好榜样，认真对待家务。)”可知，A项(在家庭中树立好榜样。)可以概括段落大意，成为主题句，gd example是提示词。故选A。
42．根据前一句“Fr yunger children, give them easy wrk, like putting away their tys. (对于年龄较小的孩子，给他们轻松的工作，比如收起玩具。)”可知，F项(随着孩子们年龄的增长，让他们做更难的家务。)与上一句连接通顺，指出不同年龄的孩子所做家务的不同。故选F。
43．根据前一句“Tell children abut the imprtance f ding chres. (告诉孩子做家务的重要性。)”和下一句“Knwing the imprtance f the chres helps t mtivate children t d them. (知道家务的重要性有助于激励孩子去做家务。)”可知，G项(讨论做家务的重要性以及它们如何帮助整个家庭。)指出了如何让孩子明白做家务的重要性并能引出下文的好处，与上下文连接通顺。故选G。
44．根据下一句“When children finish the chres n the list, parents can reward them by giving them a prize. A chre list als gives children a sense f pride when they finish all their chres. (当孩子们完成了清单上的家务时，父母可以通过给他们奖品来奖励他们。当孩子完成所有家务时，家务清单也会给他们一种自豪感。)”可知，B项(给孩子们列一份家务清单。)能够概括本段大意，成为主题句，list 是提示词。故选B。
45．根据前一句“Give children sme mney t d mre chres. (给孩子们一些钱做更多的家务。)”可知，E项(给钱做更多的家务也可以。)是在解释段首句，话题匹配。故选E。
Traveling with friends r family is always a fun bnding experience, and ne f the best ways t d that is by taking a charter (租赁) bus. 46 .
Security and safety
47 . When hiring a bus, it is much harder fr smene t steal it because there are nt enugh cars r peple they can distract during an escape attempt. Additinally, sme cmpanies prvide their security persnnel n bard their buses which adds an extra measure f safety fr all passengers and the cmpany itself.
48
When chartering a bus, yu have mre flexibility than renting cars r traveling by train. Yu’ll als have the cnvenience f being able t specify precisely hw much space and cmfrt everyne in yur grup needs during the trip, which is essential if there are mbility issues amng sme members f yur party.
Cmfrt
If yu’re traveling with mre than ne r tw peple, there may be mre cmfrtable ways t travel than staying in a car. 49 , especially if yu’re traveling lng distances. The seating will be cmfrtable, and there will prbably be many electrical utlets where yu can plug yur devices in.
Cnvenience
There are many advantages f bking a charter bus ver a rental car when traveling with a grup, but the biggest ne is cnvenience. If yu bk a charter bus, the bus cmpany will pick yu up at yur start lcatin, drive yu t yur end lcatin, and even wait fr yu at any place where yu want t stp. 50 .
A．Flexibility
B．Rm fr persnal belngings
C．In shrt, the bus is yur vehicle, and yu can use it as yu please
D．The first reasn is security when yu travel with mre than ne persn
E．Yu just have t wrry abut having fun safely with ther fellw travelers
F．A chartered bus will give everyne in yur grup sme much-needed cmfrt
G．Here are the reasns why yu shuld bk a charter bus when traveling with a grup
【答案】46．G 47．D 48．A 49．F 50．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述朋友和家人一起租赁巴士去旅行的原因。
46．根据空前“Traveling with friends r family is always a fun bnding experience, and ne f the best ways t d that is by taking a charter (租赁) bus. (与朋友或家人一起旅行总是一种有趣的联络感情的体验，最好的方法是租赁一辆公交车)”及下文内容“Security and safety(安全保障)”；“Cmfrt(舒适)”以及Cnvenience(方便)”可知，下文主要讲述租赁巴士的原因，所以空格处应填能承接上文并引出下文的句子；选项G. Here are the reasns why yu shuld bk a charter bus when traveling with a grup (下面介绍一下你在跟团旅行时为什么应该选择租赁巴士)正好承接上文并引出下文，讲述租巴士的原因。故选G。
47．根据本段的小标题“Security and safety (安全保障)”以及下文“When hiring a bus, it is much harder fr smene t steal it because there are nt enugh cars r peple they can distract during an escape attempt. (当租赁巴士时，对于别人来说，要偷东西要困难得多，因为在逃跑时没有足够的车辆或人员可以分散（乘车人员的）注意力)”可知，空格处应该讲述安全问题；选项D. The first reasn is security when yu travel with mre than ne persn (第一个原因就是与多人旅行时的安全问题)引出安全问题。故选D。
48．空格处为小标题，所以应能概括下文主要内容，根据下文“When chartering a bus, yu have mre flexibility than renting cars r traveling by train. (当租赁巴士时，比租赁汽车或者坐火车更灵活)”可知，本段主要讲述灵活性flexibility；选项A. Flexibility (灵活性)概括本段内容。故选A。
49．根据本段小标题“Cmfrt(舒适)”以及空格后“especially if yu’re traveling lng distances (尤其当你长途旅行时)”可知空格处应描述租赁巴士能够让你更舒适；选项F. A chartered bus will give everyne in yur grup sme much-needed cmfrt (一个租赁巴士会为团里每个人提供所需的舒适)句中“cmfrt”对应小标题且能衔接下文。故选F。
50．根据本段小标题“Cnvenience(方便)”以及空格前“If yu bk a charter bus, the bus cmpany will pick yu up at yur start lcatin, drive yu t yur end lcatin, and even wait fr yu at any place where yu want t stp (如果你租赁了一辆公交车，公交公司会去你的出发地接你并把你送到目的地，甚至会在任何你想停下来的地方等你)”可知，空格处应衔接上文描述方便性；选项C. In shrt, the bus is yur vehicle, and yu can use it as yu please (这个巴士就是你的车，你可以随意使用)总结租巴士的便捷。故选C。
A lack f mtivatin can be the biggest barrier t reaching yur gals. When yu have n mtivatin t cmplete a task r even start ne, cnsider adpting the fllwing techniques t develp a plan fr self-mtivatin. 51 . Yu can make attempts at them t see which ne best helps yu.
Act as if yu feel mtivated
If yu’re struggling with mtivatin, try changing yur behavir t trick yurself int feeling mre mtivated. Fr example, instead f lying n the cuch in yur pajamas all day, get dressed and spring int actin. 52 .
Argue the ppsite
When yu’re feeling unmtivated, yu tend t cme up with a lng list f excuses fr nt taking any actin. Yu might think, “It’ll be t hard,” r “I’ll never get it dne anyway.” These thughts can keep yu stuck and blck yur prgress. 53 . This can help yu shift yur mindset and remind yu that achieving yur gal is pssible.
54
Yu might believe that being tugh n yurself is the way t mtivate yurself. But severe self-criticism desn’t wrk. Research suggests that treating yurself with warmth and understanding is a mre effective mtivatr, especially in times f difficulty. S rather than beat yurself up fr mistakes, create a gentle inner dialgue.
Fllw the 10-minute rule
55 . But nce yu’ve taken that first step, it becmes much easier t keep ging. If yu’re feeling hesitant abut beginning a task, try using the 10-minute rule. Allw yurself t quit after just 10 minutes if yu need t. When yu reach the 10-minute mark, yu’ll prbably find that yu have enugh mtivatin t cntinue.
A．Practice self-kindness
B．Having a sense f rules is very imprtant
C．Getting started n a task is usually the hardest part
D．Yu may find that it will stimulate yu t make effrts
E．Learning t challenge them can help yu mve frward
F．Keep in mind that nt every strategy wrks fr everyne
G．Instead, fcus n the factrs that culd lead t yur success
【答案】51．F 52．D 53．G 54．A 55．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了提升自己的动力的策略。
51．根据前文“When yu have n mtivatin t cmplete a task r even start ne, cnsider adpting the fllwing techniques t develp a plan fr self-mtivatin.( 当你没有动力完成一项任务，甚至没有动力开始一项任务时，考虑采用以下技巧来制定一个自我激励的计划。)”以及下文“Yu can make attempts at them t see which ne best helps yu.( 你可以尝试一下，看看哪一个对你最有帮助。)”可知，前文讲述可以采用一些技巧自我激励，下文讲述要找到对自己最有帮助的，因此推断策略不是对每个人都有效。F项“请记住，并非每种策略都适用于所有人”符合句意。故选F。
52．根据标题“Act as if yu feel mtivated(行动起来好像你有动力一样)”可知，本段讲述要行动起来，上文“Fr example, instead f lying n the cuch in yur pajamas all day, get dressed and spring int actin.( 例如，与其整天穿着睡衣躺在沙发上，不如穿上衣服，马上行动起来。)”举例说明要行动起来，因此推断D项“你会发现它会激励你做出努力”符合语境，说明行动起来会激励你努力，it指代上文提到的“spring int actin”，故选D。
53．前文“When yu’re feeling unmtivated, yu tend t cme up with a lng list f excuses fr nt taking any actin. Yu might think, “It’ll be t hard,” r “I’ll never get it dne anyway.” These thughts can keep yu stuck and blck yur prgress.( 当你感到没有动力时，你往往会想出一长串不采取任何行动的借口。你可能会想，“这太难了”，或者“反正我也做不完。”这些想法会让你停滞不前，阻碍你的进步。)”阐述没有动力的时候，会寻找很多的借口，因此推断空处提出解决办法，G项“相反，把注意力集中在那些可能导致你成功的因素上”提出解决办法，把注意力集中在能够让你成功的因素上，也就是积极的东西上，前后文是转折关系。故选G。
54．根据下文“Research suggests that treating yurself with warmth and understanding is a mre effective mtivatr, especially in times f difficulty. S rather than beat yurself up fr mistakes, create a gentle inner dialgue.( 研究表明，用温暖和理解来对待自己是一种更有效的动力，尤其是在困难时期。所以，与其为自己的错误而自责，不如创建一个温和的内心对话。)”可知，本段建议友好的对待自己，这是一种更有效的动力，因此A项“练习善待自己”概况本段，故选A。
55．根据下文“But nce yu’ve taken that first step, it becmes much easier t keep ging.( 但是一旦你迈出了第一步，继续前进就会变得容易得多。)”和“When yu reach the 10-minute mark, yu’ll prbably find that yu have enugh mtivatin t cntinue.( 当你达到10分钟时，你可能会发现你有足够的动力继续下去。)”可知，此处讲述开始的阶段是最困难的阶段，因此C项“开始一项任务通常是最难的部分”符合语境。故选C。
Des yur sn r daughter get really nervus befre a game? My eldest sn des and as a mm I just want t hug him tightly. 56 I’ve definitely fund that being t “Mm” is nt always the best slutin s I’ve made a little list f the things that help calm my sn, and sme f these might wrk fr yur kid, as well.
57 It might be yur instinct (本能) t try t stp his anxiety by reminding him f a bunch f things t think abut n yur way t the game. Stp. I tried that and all it seemed t d was make him mre anxius. He tld me he didn’t really want t think abut every detail befre he gt there and he just wanted t be able t clear his mind. Besides, that’s what practice is fr…wrking ut all thse details. 58
Encurage deep breathing and stretching. Deep breathing is a great methd fr calming nerves. 59 Stretching des wnders fr the mind and bdy befre a game. I’ve fund that getting my sn t the games a little early and having him stretch is als a great way fr him t relax and be ready and fcused.
Give him chewing gum (口香糖). There is sme research available claiming that chewing gum helps calm nerves and reduce stress. Accrding t lifehack. rg, chewing gum lwers Crtisl levels, als knwn as the ”stress hrmne (激素)”. 60 This assists with fcus, because chewing warms up the brain.
A．Nt a wrd abut the game.
B．Dn’t talk abut it n the way.
C．But that’s the last thing I can d.
D．It als increases bld flw t the brain.
E．Sugar-free is the best kind f gum t chew.
F．Hwever, if he wants t talk, pick up a relaxing tpic.
G．It’s als a great way t get xygen t the lungs and tissues.
【答案】56．C 57．B 58．F 59．G 60．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对如何缓解孩子在体育比赛前的紧张和焦虑提出了几点建议。
56．根据空前的“My eldest sn des and as a mm I just want t hug him tightly.(我的大儿子确实会焦虑，作为妈妈，我只想要紧紧抱住他)”可知，作为妈妈，对大儿子的焦虑只想紧紧抱住他，结合空后的“I’ve definitely fund that being t “Mm” is nt always the best slutin s I’ve made a little list f the things that help calm my sn, and sme f these might wrk fr yur kid, as well.(我确实发现，过于“妈妈”并不总是最好的解决办法，所以我列出了一些帮助我儿子平静下来的事情，其中一些可能对你的孩子也有用。)”可知，作者发现确实发现表现得太‘妈妈气’并不总是解决问题的最佳方法， 由此可知，此空处应为承上启下的作用，C选项“But that’s the last thing I can d. (但那是我最不能做的事。)”讲述的内容承上启下，与上文构成转折关系，与下文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选C项。
57．分析语篇可知，此空处应为本段的主题句，根据空后的“It might be yur instinct (本能) t try t stp his anxiety by reminding him f a bunch f things t think abut n yur way t the game. Stp. I tried that and all it seemed t d was make him mre anxius. (在去比赛的路上，你可能会本能地提醒他一些需要思考的事情，以此来阻止他的焦虑。停止。我试过了，但似乎只是让他变得更焦虑了。)”可知，作者在去比赛的路上提醒他一些需要思考的事情，不但不能阻止他的焦虑，反而会让他更焦虑，所以此处作者应建议不要在路上谈论比赛，B选项“Dn’t talk abut it n the way. (不要在路上谈论比赛。)”为祈使句，且讲述的内容与本段内容一致，可作为本段的主旨句，符合语境。故选B项。
58．根据空前的“He tld me he didn’t really want t think abut every detail befre he gt there and he just wanted t be able t clear his mind. Besides, that’s what practice is fr…wrking ut all thse details.(他告诉我，他真的不想在到达那里之前考虑每一个细节，他只是想让自己的头脑清醒一下。此外，这就是练习的目的，解决所有的细节问题。)”可知，孩子不想考虑任何细节，只是想头脑清醒一下，结合本段的讲述的主题内容是不要在路上谈论比赛的事情，F选项“Hwever, if he wants t talk, pick up a relaxing tpic. (然而，如果他想谈论，找一个轻松点儿的话题聊一聊。)”讲述的内容与上文构成转折关系，且选项中的talk 和tpic与本段的话题相呼应。故选F项。
59．根据本段的主题句“Encurage deep breathing and stretching.(鼓励深呼吸和伸展运动。)”以及空前的“Deep breathing is a great methd fr calming nerves. (深呼吸是稳定情绪的好方法。)”可知，本段讲述的是深呼吸对减轻焦虑的好处，G选项“It’s als a great way t get xygen t the lungs and tissues(这也是向肺部和组织输送氧气的好方法。)”讲述的内容仍旧与深呼吸的好处相关，与前一句构成并列关系，且符合本段的主旨。故选G项。
60．根据本段的主题句“Give him chewing gum (口香糖).(让他嚼口香糖。)”可知，本段主要围绕嚼口香糖的好处展开，根据空前的“Accrding t lifehack. rg, chewing gum lwers Crtisl levels, als knwn as the ”stress hrmne (激素)”.(根据lifehack的说法。例如，嚼口香糖会降低皮质醇水平，也就是所谓的“压力激素”。)”可知，有一些研究声称咀嚼口香糖可以帮助平静情绪和缓解压力，因为嚼口香糖可以降低皮质醇水平，也就是降低应激激素，根据空后的“This assists with fcus, because chewing warms up the brain.(这有助于集中注意力，因为咀嚼会使大脑升温。)”可知，这样有助于集中注意力，因为咀嚼会让大脑活跃起来，D选项“It als increases bld flw t the brain. (这也会增加大脑的血液流量。)”讲述的内容与空后的内容构成顺承关系，且空后的This指代嚼口香糖增加大脑血液流量这一作用。故选D项。
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逻辑关系
具体解读
段首题
主旨句
常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。
承上启下句
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段中题
例证关系
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：fr example, fr instance, in fact/as a matter f fact, actually, in ther wrds/that is t say等。
转折关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, hwever, yet, while/thugh/althugh, r/therwise, n the cntrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in cntrast/cmparisn, by cmparisn等。
因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词语有：s, therefre, thus, cnsequently(结果), as a result (f), s/such ..., s that ...等。
递进关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：t, als, besides, further, furthermre, mrever, likewise, similarly, what's mre, what's wrse, in additin, as well, t make matters wrse, nt ... but ..., nt nly ... but als等。
并列关系
表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), secnd(ly); first, then/next; t begin with, sme ... thers ...; fr ne thing, fr anther thing; then/next, finally/last等。
段尾题
总结句
用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
承上启下句
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。