上海市部分区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语汇编：阅读理解

这是一份上海市部分区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语汇编：阅读理解，共26页。
阅读理解
2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Mst teachers assign nvels fr students t read nt write. But many teachers natinwide are nt nly asking students t read nvels but als giving them a mnth t write them.
Yes, yu read that right: ne mnth.
Hwever, students participating in Nvember’s Natinal Nvel Writing Mnth (NaNWriM) d nt cmplain abut being verwrked. Instead, they have been knwn t ask, “Can we wrk n ur nvels tday?” That’s because, abve all, NaNWriM is meant t be fun. An exercise in “seat-f-yur-pants” nvel writing, it has almst n rules.
The Office f Letters and Light is the nnprfit behind the event. It believes this carefree apprach encurages writers t take imaginative risks and truly enjy their wrk. Funded in 1999, the adult versin f the event requires nly that yu cmmit yurself t making an attempt at nvel writing and submitting a nvel f 50,000 wrds, n matter hw gd r bad they are, by the end f Nvember.
Since 2005, NaNWriM has entered many classrms, including thse f Natinal Writing Prject teachers, thrugh its Yung Writers Prgram. In additin, teachers receive a classrm kit featuring a prgress chart, stickers t mark wrd cunts, and buttns fr writers wh crss the finish line.
Abut 1,800 classrms and 45,000 kids and teens participated last year. The rules fr under-18 writers are the same as thse fr adults. But there is ne imprtant exceptin: yung writers can pick their wn “reasnable yet challenging” wrd length. If a student elects t write, say, 18,000 wrds and achieves this gal in a mnth, he r she is a winner. Awards include a “handsme winner’s certificate” and a prmtinal cde t receive a free bund prf cpy f the finished nvel.
The Yung Writers Prgram als facilitates Script Frenzy, a similar scriptwriting (剧本写作) event that happens each April and challenges participants t write a 100-page script in 30 days.
While yung writers wrk primarily as individuals, teachers are als encuraged t write alng with them.
56. It can be inferred that students usually _____ after participating in NaNWriM.
A. enjy themselvesB. verlad themselves C. lk curageusD. becme distracted
57. By “seat-f-yur-pants” in paragraph 2, the authr means _____.
A. the nvel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards
B. the participants have t stick n their seats fr lng writing nvels
C. the participants are free t write whatever nvels they can imagine
D. the nvel writing activity needs new rules fr participants t fllw
58. What can be learned abut the rules fr adlescent writers?
A. They shuld crss the finish line befre participating.
B. They can lengthen the duratin f their writing prcess.
C. They can decide n their nvels’ wrd cunts themselves.
D. They shuld submit nvels n their teachers’ recmmendatin.
59. The passage is mainly aimed at _____.
A. explaining the bjectives f an eventB. giving a general intrductin t an event
C. illustrating the benefits f nvel writingD. attracting teachers t jin a writing prgram
(B)

60. The abve webpage is aimed at _____.
A. appealing t peple t preserve ancient heritage
B. guiding peple t invest in a sustainable business
C. attracting dnatins t Natinal Gegraphic Sciety
D. publicizing the missin f Natinal Gegraphic Sciety
61. T make yur cntributin twice as much, yu can _____.
A. supprt the mst pressing emplyer B. reduce the tax attached t the dnatin
C. make it a gift in the name f yur friendD. try yur cmpany’s matching gift prgrams
62. What can be learned abut Natinal Gegraphic Sciety?
A. It needs n perating csts. B. It is dedicated t prtecting nature.
C. Its missin hasn’t been recgnized. D. Its emplyees needn’t pay incme tax.
(C)
Mre than three billin peple rely n the cean t make a living, mst f whm are in develping cuntries. As the glbal ppulatin increases, the demand fr seafd is expected t rise, t.
Althugh cean ecsystems are stretched t the limit by climate change, verfishing and mre, studies nevertheless suggest that seafd can be expanded sustainably t meet future fd demands. Success will depend n small-scale fisheries. These fisheries can be remarkably efficient. Almst everything that hand-t-muth fisheries catch is cnsumed. By cntrast, arund 20% f the fish caught by industrial ships is estimated t be wasted, mainly because f unwanted by-catch.
Small fishers rarely have the right resurces t expand their peratins, r even t survive. If they d scale up, they might lse sme f their current advantages r engage in the same harmful practices as d large cmmercial fisheries. Managed with care, hwever, small fisheries culd prvide win-wins fr livelihds and the envirnment.
Mst natins already have management plicies fr marine ecsystems that prvide fr small-scale fisheries. But small-scale fishers’ rights t access are ften prly defined, ineffectively enfrced r unfairly distributed (分配). Gvernment subsidies (补贴) als require refrm. One estimate fund that large-scale fishers receive abut 3.5 times mre subsidies than small-scale fishers d. Instead, subsidies and ther funds shuld be directed twards small-scale fishers t let them expand their access t markets, while keeping them frm adpting the negative practices f large-scale peratins.
The ttal glbal lss and waste frm fisheries is estimated at between 30% and 35% annually primarily due t a lack f technlgy, gd manufacturing practices, and infrastructure such as decent rads and cld strage. Public and private investment in cld-strage facilities and prcessing equipment culd help. One prmising strategy is t pair internatinal r natinal funding with direct cntracts fr feeding prgrammes linked t schls, hspitals and similar facilities. Such arrangements wuld prvide small fisheries with large, cnsistent markets and strage infrastructure that bsts lcal cnsumptin and des nt incentivize (刺激) verfishing.
Mrever, simple incentive prgrammes culd be cnducted by funders, managers and lcal gvernments trying t prmte sustainable fisheries. Fr example, lcal markets culd display a rating system fr individual fishers r small fisheries. This culd include varius elements f sustainability ther than envirnmental nes — such as prviding infrmatin n the type f fishing equipment, lcatin f the catch and freshness. Prmting the rating as a scial respnsibility cncept wuld infrm cnsumers f the need t supprt sustainable fisheries.
Anyway, nly jint prblem-slving effrts can deliver seafd prtein, sustainably, t a wrld that increasingly needs it.
63. The passage mainly tells us that _____.
A. small fisheries can help the wrld if managed with care
B. the glbal demand fr seafd is increasing dramatically
C. small-scale fisheries need t be cmmercialised urgently
D. peple in develping cuntries are mre reliable n fishing
64. Small-scale fisheries are mre efficient because _____.
A. what they catch is hardly wasted B. their by-catch accunts fr a larger share
C. they catch fish by industrial meansD. their peratin is limited within a small area
65. What can be inferred abut small fisheries’ current situatin?
A. They gain n supprt frm gvernments. B. They are expanding t meet lcal demands.
C. They have little access t gd resurces. D. They impact marine ecsystems negatively.
66. T prmte sustainable fisheries, which f the fllwing is ne f the authr’s suggestins?
A. T initiate a rating system fr small fishers t evaluate the lcal markets.
B. T prvide technlgy fr small fisheries t bst their fishing efficiency.
C. T inspire a sense f scial respnsibility in large-scale fishers and cnsumers.
D. T facilitate direct cperatin between small fisheries and feeding prgrammes.
2024届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
I was always a reader
As a kid, I walked t the library several times a week and checked ut s many bks and returned them s quickly that the librarian nce snapped, "Dn' t take hme s many bks if yu' re nt ging t read them all!”
“But I did read them all, ”I said.
But I had stpped reading gradually. I jined bk clubs that I never attended. I requested a library bk. Everyne was reading, nly t return it a week late, unread, with fines.
Then I met David. When I asked him abut his last bk, his face lit up and his fingers danced.
David read much mre than I did, abut a bk r tw a week. He preferred histry and nnfictin, while I lved fictin writers.
On ur seventh date, David and I visited the library.
"I have a game, "he said, pulling tw pens and Pst-its ut f his bag. "Let' s find bks we've read and leave reviews in them fr the next persn. "
"We wandered in the library fr an hur. In the end, we sat n the flr amng the petry, and I
read him sme. He listened, then asked, “What is it yu like abut that ne?”
That summer, as we picnicked utside, I said, "If I tell yu smething, will yu nt judge me?"David paused and raised his eyebrws.
"I've nly read ne bk this year, ”I said.
“But it's June, ”he said.
“I knw. "
“Well, read a bk!”
The next time I visited a bkstre, his charge t "read a bk” eched in my head. I picked up a bk slely fr its petic title.
Thad a hard time getting int it. The narratr was an ld man. Whenever I was tempted t give up n it, I thught f David. I pushed thrugh the first tw chapters and discvered a new narratr in the third. I lved the alternating pints f view. I carried the bk t wrk. I read at lunch and n my walk hme
“Hw' s yur day?”David texted.
Gd. A little tired, ”I replied. "I stayed up late and finished my bk. "
I tried t make it sund casual, but I was prud f myself. It was nt a cmpetitin, but I felt him pushing me t be mre f the persn I used t be and mre f wh I wanted t be.
I asked David nce what he liked abut me
He paused, then said. "I see the wrld as a mre wnder-filled place with yu. "
By the end f that year, David suggested we visit the library again. He asked if I remembered the game we played n ur first visit.
"I remember, ”I said.
He pulled a bk frm the shelf, drpped t ne knee, and pened it. Inside, his Pst-it read:
“Karla, it has always been yu. Will yu marry me?"
His prpsal had rested between the pages f The Rebel Princess fr ver a year.
"Yes, ”I said.
56. The wrd “snapped” (paragraph 2)mst prbably means" .
A. talked t smene vluntarily
B. spke t smene impatiently
C. gave smene a suggestin
D. laughed at smene heartlessly
57. Which f the fllwing may best illustrate the authr' s reading habit when she first met David?
A. Carrying bks arund withut pening them.
B. Only reading the bks everyne recmmended.
C. Aviding sharing bks when ging t bk clubs.
D. Often frgetting t return the bks already read
58. Accrding t paragraph 19, why was the authr prud f herself?
A. She finished reading a bk she didn’t like.
B. She had read mre bks than David did.
C. She did what she thught t be difficult.
D. She had kept t her taste in petic titles.
59. What was the main change that David brught int the authr' s life?
A. He intrduced a new library and a fun game t the authr.
B. He encuraged the authr t read mre fictin and petry.
C. He helped the authr finish reading an entire bk in a day.
D. He mtivated the authr t rediscver her lve fr reading.
(B)
Can yu stand n ne leg fr 10 secnds?
Balance culd be a matter f life and death. The Wrld Health Organizatin estimates that 684, 000 fatal falls ccur each year, making falling thesecnd leadingcause f unintentinal injury death. Sme f these falls are caused by mre serius cnditins -but many aren't. Accrding t Gerge Lcker, a lng-term practitiner f tai chi, a lss f balance is a medical prblem that can' t be treated with drugs r surgery, despite its effects
Increasingly, effrts are being made t remedy(补救) the balance prblem amng the grups already mst affected by it. Tai chi, practiced by an estimated 50 millin peple in China, is an ptin. Studies have shwn that as little as eight weeks f practice can imprve lder adults' scres n the Tinetti test —a cmmnly used measure f cmpetence in basic tasks such as rising frm a chair and walking—as well as reducing fear f falling. Lnger perids f study shw further benefits.
Whatever activity yu chse the lessn is t wrk n yur balance befre yu need t. nt after it becmes an issue. As Lcker puts it everyne's tld t save mney fr their retirement and nbdy's taught t save their balance. But bth are difficult t get back nce they' re gne.
56. What des Gerge Lcker think f a lack f balance?
A. It is cstly t get treated with drugs and surgery.
B. It is a minr issue that desn’t affect ne’ s verall health.
C. It is a prblem withut any medical slutin.
D. It is a prblem that can be easily fixed by exercising.
57. Which f the fllwing best illustrates the Medium Level practice?
58. What is the lessn cnveyed in the passage regarding balance and health?
A. Balance is the tp leading cause f sudden death frm injuries.
B. It is essential fr thse affected by balance issues t seek help.
C. Taichi is the mst effective way t imprve ne' s balance.
D. It is wiser t wrk n balance as early as pssible.
(C)
The cncept f dynamic pricing is simple—and easy fr businesses t implement. Whether it's a Friday-evening fight, a htel during the hlidays, r a taxi ride in a dwnpur, we have all been burned by higher-than-nrmal prices due t excess demand. Raising csts when businesses are busiest is the nrm acrss the travel industry Perhaps the mst well-knwn example f this is within ride-share cmpanies, which have used surge pricing fr years t charge riders when demand fr cars rckets relative t the number f drivers available.
Outside travel, nline stres are increasingly using this dynamic pricing, t, says Vmberg. "On Amazn. cm alne, millins f price changes ccur within a day, crrespnding t a price change f abut every ten minutes fr each prduct. "While cnsumers might nt always pick up n these variatins in price, Vmberg says time-based dynamic pricing will likely becme a cmpetitive standard at least in nline markets. "AI-enabled tls can suggest the best prices via machine learning algrithms( 算 法 ). They can als track and learn cmpetitr and custmer respnses t price changes, "he says.
Nw, surge pricing is happening in stres including bars and supermarkets as well. "Physical businesses are adpting electrnic shelf labels that enable real time price adjustment depending n the time f day. stck levels and whether items are appraching their sell-by date, "says Sarwar Khawaja, chairman f the Oxfrd Educatin Grup. He says this technlgy is likely t cause prices in bars that use these signs t increase during the rushes f dinner, weekends r hlidays, r fr supermarkets t adjust prices thrughut the day r week, depending n vlume f shppers.
The current ecnmic climate is als driving the need fr these pricing technlgies. While creating cmpetitive prices is always key t healthy prfit margins. Khawaia says dynamic pricing enables businesses t ptimise their pricing depending n the financial situatins f their custmer base. "Businesses can ffer discunts during dwnturns. while increasing prices in better ff areas, "he says.
The changes, hwever, may nt sit well with cnsumers. "Dynamic and surge pricing will likely expand t mre industries and mre cmpanies in the lng term, but just because a prduct may be ppular des nt mean that custmers are willing t turn a blind eye t being charged mre, "says Khawaja. He adds surge pricing can cause custmers t lse faith in a cmpany if they believe they are being vercharged. "Perhaps dynamic pricing f a drink in yur favurite pub might be a step t far fr lyal custmers. "
56. Which f the fllwing best explains "dynamic pricing" in paragraph 1?
A. A system f deciding what the prices shuld be.
B. A means fr cmpanies t find target custmers.
C. A methd that helps prmte sharing ecnmy
D. A strategy f ffering discunts t attract clients.
57. It can be inferred frm Arnd Vmberg' s cmments that nline stres .
A. ffer the mst cmpetitive prices
B. make prfits by changing prices in real time
C. cnfuse custmers by changing prices
D. rely t much n machine learning algrithms
58. Accrding t the passage, why d physical businesses adpt dynamic pricing?
A. T match supply and demand during peak hurs.
B. T lift custmer experience and encurage lyalty.
C. T maintain cnsistent pricing acrss all prducts.
D. T cmpete with nline stres and businesses.
59. Which f the fllwing best predicts hw custmers may react t the expansin f dynamic pricing?
A. Turn t whatever ffers the lwest prices.
B. Prtest against it fr being t annying.
C. Refuse t give in and are likely t resist.
D. Take it fr granted and accept it altgether.
上海市宝山区2023~2024学年高三上学期期末教学质量监测试卷英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
During the Secnd Wrld War, Dr. William Walsh served n a U.S. Navy ship in the Suth Pacific. While serving there, Walsh bserved the pr health cnditins in which the peple f the Suth Pacific lived.
After the war ended in 1945, Walsh funded an rganizatin called Prject Hpe. Its gal was t bring health educatin and care t peple in pr cuntries arund the wrld. In 1958, Walsh cnvinced U.S. President Eisenhwer t allw Prject Hpe t rent a U.S. Navy hspital ship fr just ne dllar a year. Many cmpanies and rdinary peple dnated mney t Prject Hpe. The rganizatin used the funds t turn the navy ship int a civilian hspital ship called the SS Hpe.
During the next 14 years, the SS Hpe traveled t every regin f the wrld. Wherever it went, it prvided health care fr needy peple and helped pr cuntries establish their wn health care systems. In 1974, the SS Hpe was retired frm service, and Prject Hpe began t prvide health care n land instead.
The stry f the SS Hpe inspired Dn and Deyn Stephens t buy a passenger ship in 1978 and transfrm it int anther hspital ship. Since then, their rganizatin, called Mercy Ships, has sent ships equipped with medical supplies and hspital beds arund the wrld. Dctrs vlunteer t travel n these vessels r ships and perfrm free surgeries n peple wh need them. They can crrect peple's visin, straighten bent limbs, remve facial tumrs (肿块) and mre. Mercy Ships als prvides medical equipment fr lcal health clinics and builds medical facilities. In additin, it teaches lcal peple hw t farm their land mre effectively and mre sustainably.
What happened t the SS Hpe in 1974?
It sank unexpectedly.
It was fully repaired.
It launched new services.
D. It ceased peratins.
57. Wh gave Walsh permissin t use a ship fr ne dllar?
A. An entertainer in America.
B. Tw American accuntants.
C. An America's tp plitician.
D. Smart American investrs.
58. What des the article indicate abut surgeries n Mercy Ships' vessels?
A. They put physicians and nurses at risk.
B. They're dne at n charge t patients.
C. They mainly benefit wealthy individuals.
D. They've resulted in serius infectins.
59. Accrding t this article, what d lcal peple learn t d with the aid f Mercy Ships?
A. Make a gd living frm turism.
B. Grw crps with greater success.
C. Manufacture ppular electrnics.
D. Establish educatin institutins.
(B)
Frm: Bridget Peclini
T: Ansn Wng
Re: Questins abut nline math cntest
Date: June 18, 2023
Dear Mr.Wng,
Thank yu fr yur email. We're s glad yur children are signed up t participate in ur math cntest. I hpe it will be a rewarding and enriching experience fr them.
Yu can access the training sessin and practice tests by lgging int ur website at Once yu're signed in, yu will see several tabs n the left-hand side.
One f them will say "Enrlled." If yu click n the drp-dwn menu there, yu'll find the names f the children yu registered. If yu click n each name, yu'll be given the ptin f jining a training sessin r ding practice tests.
I hpe that answers yur questin!
Please let me knw if yu need any further help.
Sincerely,
Bridget Peclini
MATH CONTEST 2023
We're glad yu've decided t participate in this year's math cntest. This is ur 37th year running this cntest, and ur 3rd with an nline ptin. We hpe t be able t ffer in-persn cntests next
year!

Gary Wng
3rd Grade
Access t the cntest Sample test 2023 2018-2022 Practice
(available August 14 at 11am) (available August 7-12) tests/cntests

Emily Wng
60. What can Gary d at the beginning f August?
A. He can take a class t learn hw t succeed.
B. He can d the cntests frm tw years ag.
C. He can cntact the cntest rganizers.
D. He can try the mst recent practice cntest.
61. Why did Bridget cntact Ansn?
A. She was checking in n him.
B. She was respnding t his email.
C. She was lking fr infrmatin.
D. She was asking him t pay.
62. When des the fficial cntest take place?
A. It takes place n June 18.B. It takes place n August 7.
C. It takes place n August 12.D. It takes place n August 14.
(C)
Yu cnstantly find yurself aplgizing t a friend when yu've dne nthing wrng. Yu feel yu must bey smene's demands, r they will be upset with yu r even harm yu r themselves. An unclear r specific threat is made that causes yu t fear that smene will reveal a secret r weakness, s yu d what that persn wants. Or perhaps a relative is trying t make yu feel bliged t d smething by saying,"That's what friends r family d fr each ther." They aruse feelings f guilt in yu fr nt meeting their needs.
If yu have had experience with any f these cases, then yu are the victim f emtinal blackmail (勒索). This style f handle cntrls yu thrugh yur emtins. Fear, bligatin and guilt - FOG - are used by an emtinal blackmailer t get what they want frm peple.
Anyne - a friend, clleague, parent, partner r ther family members - culd be that persn. Their demands are intended t cntrl their victim's behavir in unhealthy methds. Intentinal r unintentinal, if yur needs are always brushed aside in favr f the ther persn's, things need t change.
Dr. Susan Frward identifies six stages in emtinal blackmail. Implied r bvius demands cme first. "I dn't think yu shuld d things with that persn. They're nt gd fr yu." After this kind f statement, the ball is in the victim's curt, s stage tw is resistance. The victim ften avids the blackmailer r suggests alternatives instead f saying n. Stage three is persistent pressure by the blackmailer: "If we were really friends, yu'd d it." Stage fur invlves threats: "If yu dn't d I will ..." The victim desn't want the blackmailer t make gd n their threats, s bedience, which is stage five, ften leaves the victim feeling guilty r resentful. In stage six the blackmailer backs ff until the next demand.
What can yu d? First, recgnize if yu are being pressured, threatened r cntrlled. Stay calm, and stp s yu can cnsider ther pssibilities. Identify yur triggers; dn't be pressured int an immediate respnse. Offer a cmprmise (妥协). Tell the blackmailer hw yu feel, and give them a chance t acknwledge their behavir and change. If they wn't, walk away frm the relatinship. Under n circumstances shuld yu let yur fears be used against yu.
Accrding t the passage, emtinal blackmail means ______.
a kind f emtin that can be mailed t thers nline
a kind f actin t influence thers by means f emtin
a clur that can greatly influence thers' emtin
a situatin where emtin can be stred and given ut freely
What is the purpse f using Dr. Susan Frward's six stages in emtinal blackmail?
T illustrate the prcess f emtinal blackmail.
T explain the rigin f emtinal blackmail.
T prve the existence f emtinal blackmail.
T demnstrate the thery f emtinal blackmail.
The wrd resentful in the last paragraph but ne mst prbably means ______.
amazedB. frightenedC. indifferent D. angry
We can cnclude frm the passage that ______.
wherever yu are, it is impssible t avid emtinal blackmail in life
whenever yu're emtinally blackmailed, just let it be with n respnse
it's an advisable way t give a prper respnse when emtinally blackmailed
it's a crrect respnse t sincerely negtiate with emtinal blackmailer then
上海市静安区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末教学质量调研考试英语试题
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B,C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have read.
(A)
Mntessri was brn in Italy in 1870 with prgressive parents, wh frequently cmmunicated with the cuntry's leading thinkers and schlars. This enlightened family envirnment prvided Mntessri with many advantages ver ther yung girls f the time.
Her mther's supprt was vital fr sme imprtant decisins, such as her enrlment in a technical schl after her elementary educatin. Her parents' supprt als prved t be essential fr her decisin t study medicine, a field that was dminated by men.
Sn after graduating, in 1896, Mntessri began wrk as a vluntary assistant in a clinic at the University f Rme, where she cared fr children with learning difficulties. The rms were bare, with just a few pieces f furniture. One day, she fund that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs(面包屑) that had drpped n the flr. It then ccurred t her that the rigin f sme intellectual disabilities culd be related with pverty. With the right learning materials, these and ther yung minds culd be nurtured, Mntessri cncluded.
The bservatin wuld lead Mntessri t develp a new methd f educatin that fcused n prviding ptimal stimulatin during the sensitive perids f childhd.
At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials shuld be child-sized and designed t appeal t all the senses. In additin, each child shuld als be allwed t mve and act freely, and use their creativity and prblem-slving skills. Teachers tk the rle f guides, supprting the children withut press r cntrl.
Mntessri pened her first Children's Huse in 1907. When the Fascists(法西斯主义者)first came int pwer in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her mvement. But they sn came t ppse the emphasis n the children's freedm f expressin. Mntessri's values had always been abut human respect, and the rights f children and wmen, but the Fascists wanted t use her wrk and her fame.
Things reached a breaking pint when the Fascist tried t influence the schls' educatinal cntent, and in 1934 Mntessri and her sn decided t leave Italy. She didn't return t her hmeland until 1947, and she cntinued t write abut and develp her methd until her death in1952, at the age f 81.
56. The primary reasn fr Mntessri t develp a new educatinal methd was .
A. her family's supprtive influence n her educatin
B. her experience as a vluntary assistant in a clinic
C. her bservatin f children playing with breadcrumbs happily
D. her decisin t study medicine, a field dminated by men
57. What was a central principle f Mntessri’s educatinal methd as described in the passage?
A. Prviding standardized, ne-size-fits-all learning materials.
B. Encuraging strict discipline and cntrl ver children's actins.
C. Fcusing n rte memrizatin and cmpetitin.
D. Creating a free and children-centered learning envirnment.
58. Mntessri decided t leave Italy in 1934 because .
A. she wanted t explre ther cuntries and cultures
B. she wanted t avid the Fascist's influence n her wrk
C. she was ffered a better jb in a different cuntry
D. she wanted t retire and enjy a peaceful life in anther cuntry
59. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Mntessri in this passage?
A. Observant and innvative. B. Traditinal and emtinal.
C. Prgressive and dependent. D. Open-minded and indifferent.
(B)
Reducing the wrkweek t fur days culd have a climate benefit. In additin t imprving the well-being f wrkers, cutting wrking hurs may reduce carbn emissins. But thse benefits wuld depend n a number f factrs, experts emphasize, including hw peple chse t spend nnwrking time.
Cmmuting and travel
Transprtatin is the biggest cntributr t greenhuse emissins. A Nvember 2021 survey f 2,000 emplyees and 500 business leaders in the United Kingdm fund that if all rganizatins intrduced a fur-day week, the reduced trips t wrk wuld decrease travel verall by mre than 691 millin miles a week.
But the climate benefits f less cmmuting culd be eliminated, experts said, if peple chse t spend their extra time ff traveling, particularly if they d s by car r plane.
Energy usage
Shrter wrking hurs culd lead t reductins in energy usage, experts said. Accrding t a 2006 paper, if the United States adpted Eurpean wrk standards, the cuntry wuld cnsume abut 20 percent less energy.
Energy culd als be cnserved if fewer resurces are needed t heat and cl large ffice buildings, reducing demands n electricity. Fr example, if an entire wrkplace shuts dwn n the fifth day, that wuld help lwer cnsumptin—less s if the ffice stays pen t accmmdate emplyees taking different days ff.
Lifestyle changes
It's pssible that fewer wrking hurs may lead sme peple t have a larger carbn ftprint, but experts say research suggests that mst peple are likely t shift tward mre sustainable lifestyles.
One thery is that peple wh wrk mre and have less free time tend t d things in mre carbn-intensive ways, such as chsing faster mdes f transprtatin r buying prepared fds. Cnvenience is ften carbn-intensive and peple tend t chse cnvenience when they're time-stressed. Meanwhile, sme research suggests that thse wh wrk less are mre likely t engage in traditinally lw-carbn activities, such as spending time with family r sleeping.
“When we talk abut the fur-day wrkweek and the envirnment, we fcus n the tangible, but actually, in a way, the biggest ptential benefit here is in the intangible,” experts said.
60. What is identified as the leading cause f greenhuse emissins accrding t the passage?
A. The well-being f emplyees.
B. The cnservatin f energy.
C. Cmmuting and travel.
D. The Eurpean wrk standard.
61. What can be inferred frm the underlined sentence “the biggest ptential benefit here is in the intangible” in the last paragraph?
A. Peple will have big ptential in achieving intangible benefits while wrking.
B. Peple are mre likely t engage in carbn-intensive activities due t time cnstraints.
C. Peple may shift tward mre sustainable lifestyles and lwer carbn ftprints.
D. Peple may travel mre frequently by car r plane during their extra time ff.
62. The passage is mainly written t .
A. highlight the imprtance f shrtening wrking time in the cntext f well-being
B. prvide an verview f transprtatin emissins wrldwide
C. analyze the impact f reduced wrking hurs n mde f business
D. illustrate factrs affecting the climate benefits f a shrter wrkweek
(C)
The cultivatin f plants by ants is mre widespread than previusly realized, and has evlved n at least 15 separate ccasins.
There are mre than 200 species f an t in the Americas that farm fungi(真菌) fr fd, but this trait evlved just nce smetime between 45 millin and 65 millin years ag. Bilgists regard the cultivatin f fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets fur criteria: the ants plant the fungus, care fr it, harvest it and depend n it fr fd.
By cntrast, while thusands f ant species are knwn t have a wide variety f interdependent relatinships with plants, nne were regarded as true agriculture. But in 2016, Guillaume Chmicki and Susanne Renner at the University f Munich, Germany, discvered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the fur criteria fr true agriculture.
The ants cllect the seeds f the plants and place them in cracks in the bar k f trees. As the plants grw, they frm hllw structures called dmain that the ants nest in. The ants defecate(排便) at designated absrptive places in these dmain, prviding nutrients fr the plant. In return, as well as shelter, the plant prvides fd in the frm f fruit juice.
This discvery prmpted Chmicki and thers t review the literature n ant-plant relatinships t see if there are ther examples f plant cultivatin that have been verlked. “They have never really been lked at in the framewrk f agriculture,” says Chmicki, wh is nw at the University f Sheffield in the UK. “It's definitely widespread.”
The team identified 37 examples f tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grw n trees, knwn as epiphytes(附生植物). By lking at the family trees f the ant species, the team was able t determine n hw many ccasins plant cultivatin evlved and rughly when. Fifteen is a cnservative estimate, says Campbell. All the systems evlved relatively recently, arund 1millin t 3 millin years ag, she says.
Whether the 37 examples f plant cultivatin identified by the team cunt as true agriculture depends n the definitins used. Nt all f the species get fd frm the plants, but they d rely n them fr shelter, which is crucial fr ants living in trees, says Campbell. S the team thinks the definitin f true agriculture shuld include shelter as well as fd.
63. Accrding t bilgists, why is ant-fungus cultivatin cnsidered as a frm f true agriculture?
A. Because it ccurred earlier than human agriculture.
B. Because it fulfills the standards typical f agricultural practices.
C. Because it redefines the fur criteria fr true human agriculture.
D. Because it is less cmmn than previusly thught.
64. What mtivated Chmicki and thers t review the literature n ant-plant relatinships?
A. They determined n new family trees f the ant species.
B. They verlked sme tree-living ants that prvided nutrients fr the plants.
C. They never studied the ant-plant relatinships within the cntext f agriculture.
D. They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivatin f fungi.
65. Which f the fllwing statements is supprted by the team's findings accrding t the passage?
A. Ants’ cultivatin f plants is limited t a few specific species.
B. The cultivatin f fungi by ants is cnsidered the earliest frm f agriculture.
C. True agriculture in ants invlves nly fd-related interactins with plants.
D. Ants have independently cultivated plants n at least 15 distinct ccasins.
66. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The evlutin f ants in the plant kingdm.
B. The widespread ccurrence f ant-plant cultivatin.
C. The discvery f a new ant species engaging in agriculture.
D. The cntrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.
上海市青浦区2023~2024学年高三上学期期末教学质量监测试卷英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
I write this n a spring mrning, in the van I have called hme fr tw years nw.
Frm ne small windw, I have a view f jggers punding the sunny path by the Oxfrd Canal, and the ther lks nt the busy railway line alng which trains travel frm Suthamptn Dcks t Birmingham.
The wds where I’ve parked my van have grwn up between them. This ancient van, a vehicle designed fr freedm and the pen rad, has prved a stable slutin fr surviving the current husing crisis.
I became a travel writer after my studies ended, cmmitting t brief “residencies” with museums and art centres—where temprary accmmdatin is ften prvided in exchange fr prducing new wrk abut a cmmunity. Over the years that fllwed, living and wrking n lcatin in the plar regins r Scandinavia r the Alps, nt settling dwn fr very lng, meant wherever I landed was always “hme”.
During the pandemic it was necessary t adpt a mre permanent engagement with lcality. Oxfrd had ften drawn me back. It’s a crssrads f reality and the imaginatin, the perfect city fr a writer.
It takes a surprising amunt f wrk t keep a tiny hme in rder: buying a used van nline; ensuring the smth running f a gas cker and car batteries; fetching water and emptying the mbile tilet. I began t enjy taking care f my immediate surrundings. Over the summer, I wrked t turn waste-grund int a wild garden, replacing weeds with wild plants.
I made friends with the self-sufficient baters living nearby, always ready t share knwledge n the lw-carbn simplicity f life withut electricity. I’ve learnt that cmfrt can be fund away frm the bright infrastructure f urban life: in watching the birds that nest in the tree and the fxes playing in the wds at dawn, in making a cup f cffee n a spring mrning.
My step away frm cnventinal husing has been a necessary act f persnal ecnmy, but the benefits include taking nthing fr granted, and unexpected delight.
56. Why did the writer make the van his hme?
A. Because the feature f the van and that f his ccupatin are matching.
B. Because the van is equivalent t a crssrads f reality and the imaginatin.
C. Because the views f jggers and trains utside the van can relieve his pressure.
D. Because living and wrking n lcatin in the plar regins are appealing t him.
57. What des “immediate surrundings” in Paragraph 6 refer t?
A. a used vanB. a gas ckerC. a wild gardenD. a mbile tilet
58. Which f the fllwing is the benefit f uncnventinal husing?
A. Jining jggers t d exercise.B. Keeping a tiny hme in rder easily.
C. Imprving the ecnmy f Oxfrd.D. Embracing delightful surprises.
59. What’s the writer’s attitude twards living in the van?
A. Cautius.B. Irnical.C. Favrable.D. Neutral.
(B)
Keep Cl Next Summer with These 3 Devices
As we prepare fr what culd be anther ht summer, yu may already be feeling the heat. Luckily a range f unusual and clever devices are nw available t help make ht summer days mre bearable.
The breeze-blwing umbrella
Umbrellas serve a duble functin, prtecting us frm rain and sunlight; they als serve as a srt f persnal zne layer. The Fanbrella, which lks and feels just like a cnventinal umbrella, is perfect fr keeping the rain at bay but basts a delicate fan lcated underneath the cver, s that yu can enjy fresh cl air while yu walk thrugh the summer shwers. The fan is small and quiet enugh t be unnticeable yet pwerful enugh t reduce humidity. Operated by a switch n the handle f the umbrella, it can be activated nly when yu need it mst.
Air cnditined beds
Humid nights are a hrrible experience fr mst peple, causing much discmfrt and making sleep impssible. Unfrtunately, a cnventinal fan in yur bedrm will d little t mitigate yur suffering, as humid air is simply blwn arund the rm. An air cnditined bed is the perfect slutin! This revlutinary furniture basts quiet fans at the ft f the bed that help t circulate cl air frm the ppsite end, s yu’re effectively sleeping n an air cnditined bed. With lw running csts, summer nights withut sleep culd be a thing f the past.
The iPhne fan
iPhnes are knwn fr getting pretty ht t the tuch when yu’re using ne, but nw yur smartphne culd be the perfect device t help keep the summer heat at bay when yu’re wrking at yur desk r n the mve. The small plastic fan fits nt the tp f yur iPhne and plugs int yur phne’s charging scket (充电插座), s yu need nt wrry abut running ut f batteries. With a quiet mtr, yu can be cnfident that clleagues wn’t be disturbed and, if yu remember t keep yur iPhne charged, yu can take the fan anywhere, frm a sweaty train ride hme t a walk in the lcal park with family.
With a range f inventive accessries t help make ht days mre bearable, all we need nw is a summer!
60. What makes a breeze-blwing umbrella superir t a cnventinal umbrella?
A. It creates a persnal zne layer t avid sunlight.
B. It basts uncnventinal and luxurius appearance.
C. It can be activated by vice when yu need it mst.
D. It has a fan t give ff cl air and reduce humidity.
61. Which f the fllwing wrds can replace the underlined wrd “mitigate”?
A. claim B. relieve C. intensify D. sustain
62. What d we knw abut the iPhne fan?
A. It can prevent yur iPhne frm temperature rise in summer heat.
B. Yu’d better use it utdrs t avid nise despite the quiet mtr.
C. It is prtable and can functin well withut limitatin f lcatins.
D. Batteries with high-capacity shuld be prepared t keep it charged.
(C)
In the rughly 250 years since the Industrial Revlutin, the wrld’s ppulatin, like its wealth, has explded. Befre the end f this century, hwever, the number f peple n the planet culd shrink fr the first time since the Black Death. The rt cause is nt an increase in deaths, but a drp in births. Acrss much f the wrld the fertility rate, the average number f births per wman, is cllapsing. Althugh the trend may be familiar, its extent and its cnsequences are nt. Even as artificial intelligence (AI) leads t ptimism in sme quarters, the baby bust (婴儿荒) hangs ver the future f the wrld ecnmy.
Whatever sme envirnmentalists say, a shrinking ppulatin creates prblems. The wrld is nt clse t full and the ecnmic difficulties resulting frm fewer yung peple are many. The bvius ne is that it is getting harder t supprt the wrld’s pensiners. Retired flk draw n the utput f the wrking-aged, either thrugh the state, which requests taxes n wrkers t pay public pensins, r by cashing in savings t buy gds and services r because relatives prvide care unpaid. But whereas the rich wrld currently has arund three peple between 20 and 64 years ld fr everyne ver 65, by 2050 it will have less than tw. The implicatins are higher taxes, later retirements, lwer real returns fr savers and, pssibly, gvernment budget crises.
Lw prprtin f wrkers t pensiners are nly ne prblem resulting frm cllapsing fertility. Yunger peple have mre f what psychlgists call “fluid intelligence”, the ability t think creatively s as t slve prblems in entirely new ways. This yuthful energy adds t the accumulated knwledge f lder wrkers. It als brings change. Patents filed by the yungest inventrs are much mre likely t cver breakthrugh innvatins. Older cuntries and their yung peple are less enterprising and less cmfrtable taking risks. Because the ld benefit less than the yung when ecnmies grw, they have prved less keen n pr-grwth plicies, especially husebuilding. Creative destructin is likely t be rarer in ageing scieties, restricting prductivity grwth in ways that cmpund int an enrmus missed pprtunity.
Eventually, therefre, the wrld will have t make d with fewer yungsters—and perhaps with a shrinking ppulatin. With that in mind, recent advances in AI culd nt have cme at a better time. A prductive AI ecnmy might find it easy t supprt a greater number f retired peple. Eventually AI may be able t generate ideas by itself, reducing the need fr human intelligence. Cmbined with rbtics, AI may als make caring fr the elderly less labur-intensive. Such innvatins will certainly be in high demand.
If technlgy des allw humanity t vercme the baby bust, it will fit the histrical pattern. Unexpected prductivity advances meant that demgraphic time-bmbs (人口定时炸弹) failed t explde. Fewer babies mean less human genius. But that might be a prblem human genius can fix.
63. What can be learned frm the first paragraph?
A. The cllapsing fertility rate is t blame fr the shrinking ppulatin.
B. Black Death marked the shrinking number f peple fr the first time.
C. Industrial Revlutin weakened the increase f the wrld’s ppulatin.
D. The public are familiar with the extent and the influence f the baby bust.
64. What makes it harder t supprt the wrld’s pensiners?
A. Clse relatives have refused t take care f the ld withut being paid.
B. The utput f the wrking-aged which the ld can draw n is shrinking.
C. The ld have cashed in savings t cver expenses f gds and services.
D. The gvernment has requested taxes n yunger emplyees t pay pensins.
65. Why des “fluid intelligence” (in Paragraph 3) suffer in ageing scieties？
A. Because lder wrkers bast mre accumulated knwledge.
B. Because the ld benefit less than the yung in creative destructin.
C. Because cllapsing fertility results in lw prprtin f wrkers t pensiners.
D. Because restricting prductivity grwth cmpunds int a missed pprtunity.
66. The best title fr the passage is prbably _____.
A. The Old Pensiners Make a Cmeback
B. Artificial Intelligence Leads t a Bright Future
C. The Measures t Overcme the Baby Bust
D. The Effect f the Baby Bust n Ecnmy
答案：
2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷
56. A57. C58. C59. B60. C
61. D62. B63. A64. A65. C66. D
2024届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模英语试卷
56-59: BACD 60-62: CBD 63-66: ABAC
上海市宝山区2023~2024学年高三上学期期末教学质量监测试卷英语试卷
56-59 DCBB 60-62 DBD 63-66 BADC
上海市静安区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末教学质量调研考试英语试题
56-59 CDBA 60-62 CCD 63-66 BCDB
上海市青浦区2023~2024学年高三上学期期末教学质量监测试卷英语试卷
56-59 ACDC 60-62 DBC 63-66 ABBD
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Just 15 minutes a day f practice can be beneficial, but d mre if yu have time Starting earlier helps: try the exercises belw n a hard, level surface.
Easy Level: Standing n ne leg—with yur hands resting n a wrk surface if yu' re feeling unsteady — see hw lng yu can maintain yur balance. D this ne while yu'
re brushing yur teeth.
Medium Level: Fr this mvement, start frm standing and take a big step frwards, bending yur frnt leg until yur trailing knee just brushes the flr. Then push ff yur frnt leg and return t a standing psitin.
Hard Level: Try step-ups n t a step r bx:put ne ft n t a bx and push thrugh that heel t step up s bth feet end up tgether. T ensure yu aren't using yur trailing leg t help, keep yur tes ff the grund n that ft.