上海卷03（含听力）-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷

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1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin
2023届上海市松江区高三上学期一模
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1.
A. The girl’s teacher.B. The shp assistant.
C. The girl’s classmate.D. The calculatr repairman.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Can we use ur calculatrs n the test?
M: Yes, if yu bring them at the beginning f the test. I’ll check them ut and return them right away s yu can use them.
Q: Wh is prbably the man in the dialgue？
2.
A. Excited.B. Exhausted.C. Wrried.D. Frightened.
【答案】B
【原文】M: It’s almst midnight. Why dn’t we leave the laundry until tmrrw?
W: Gd idea. I am almst beaten.
Q: Hw des the wman feel?
3.
A. In an electrnics shp.B. In a freign exchange market.
C. In a department stre.D. In an ld-fashined print shp.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Culd yu shw me yur receipt fr this shirt in rder t exchange it?
M: Ok, here it is. I dwnladed the electrnic receipt and printed it ut.
Q: Where des the cnversatin mst likely take place?
4.
A. She has t deal with the task first.B. She wants t put ff the urgent task.
C. She’ll g fr a hliday this weekend.D. She shuld leave fr the emergency rm.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Yu are leaving fr yur vacatin as planned this weekend, aren’t yu?
W: I had planned t, but an urgent task put me ff.
Q: What des the wman imply?
5.
A. A city.B. A friend.C. A university.D. A bk.
【答案】D
【原文】W: What d yu think f Yu Just Dn’t Understand?
M: Srry, I haven’t the slightest clue abut it. But I d knw that the authr studied at the University f Pennsylvania fr 6 years. It was abut that part f her life.
Q: What are they mainly talking abut?
6.
A. T have mre sleep.B. T prepare breakfast.
C. T get up right away.D. T eat breakfast at nce.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Sally, get up. Yur breakfast is getting cld.
W: I dn’t feel like having any breakfast yet.
Q: What is Sally prbably ging t d?
7.
A. Because he is in rather pr health.
B. Because he has truble swallwing things.
C. Because he was refused by his favrite cmpany.
D. Because he culdn’t wrk ut a dream applicatin.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Jack lks depressed these days. D yu knw why?
M: Oh, pr Jack. The applicatin t his dream cmpany was rejected. It may take days fr him t swallw the pain.
Q: Why des Jack lk depressed?
8.
A. T read the essay ut.B. T plish his ideas.
C. T wrk ut an utline.D. T rder csmetics.
【答案】C
【原文】M: I can’t seem t rganize my principles f the csmetics industry.
W: Have yu thught abut giving a descriptin f the main facts r pints invlved?
Q: What des the wman advise the man t d?
9.
A. The visin phne had better be shut ff.
B. A cnvenient life can be enjyed at hme.
C. Peple make a smart phne with much ease.
D. Rbts may replace peple in the wrkplace.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Seeing the dctr at hme, ding shpping at hme, h, we can d many things with visin phnes at hme.
M: Certainly we can. It’s pssible that we cmmn peple will have rbts d the husewrk in the very near future.
Q: What is implied in the cnversatin?
10.
A. He didn’t behave himself at schl.B. He wn’t graduate this summer.
C. He is t yung t run a cmpany.D. He puts his knwledge int use.
【答案】D
【原文】M: Steve wn’t graduate until this summer, but did yu knw that he has already started his wn cmputer cmpany?
W: Oh, he’s really using what he’s learned.
Q: What des the wman say abut Steve?
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw passages and ne lnger cnversatin. After each passage r cnversatin, yu will be asked several questins. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11. A. Penang is famus fr precius pearls.
B. Enjying Penang fd n beaches is advised.
C. Mysteries in Penang are wrthy f explratin.
D. Warm-hearted peple are everywhere in Penang.
12. A. When the temple was finished.
B. When the temple was inhabited.
C. When they caught sight f sacred things.
D. When they sensed the ppularity f the regin.
13. A. A secret Asian attractin.B. A wnderful turist spt.
C. A ppular destinatin fr fd.D. A natural garden fr specialists.
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B
【原文】Penang, which is als knwn as “Pearl f the Orient” in Malaysia, is a fd paradise with lng white sandy beaches. Malaysia is als famus fr its multi-racial culture and warm-hearted peple. If yu knw mre abut Penang and Malaysia, yu’ll be fascinated. Penang needs little intrductin t many visitrs t Malaysia, having lng been knwn as ne f Sutheast Asia’s finest destinatins. Penang’s utstanding beaches and typical sights have made it ne f the mst ppular destinatins in the regin. As fascinating as its beaches are, sme f Penang’s deeper mysteries shuld als be experienced. Accrding t the flk tale, the Snake Temple was inhabited by snakes which crawled ut f the jungle n the night f the temple’s cmpletin. The snakes are still there tday. Other wrthwhile stps are the delightful Penang Bird Park at the rmantic peak f Penang Hill. Yu may see mnkeys talking in the trees, sea eagles surveying their prey, and maybe yu can als have a glimpse f a Hawksbill turtle heading fr the sea. Sme htels rganize early mrning walking thrugh the frest.
Questins:
1.What wuld the speaker mst prbably agree with?
2.Accrding t the flk tale, when did the snakes crawl ut f the jungle?
3.What is the speaker mainly talking abut?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
14.
A. Becme artists just like him.B. Understand him and learn frm him.
C. Say smething frm their heart.D. Create beauty and dreams themselves.
15.
A. Because they dn’t bther t express themselves.
B. Because they use cmplicated wrds and phrases.
C. Because they use shapes and clrs rather than wrds.
D. Because they dn’t shw any interest in everyday life.
16
A. Hw painters cmmunicate with each ther.
B. Hw painters cnvey the ideas in their wrk.
C. Why painters are misunderstd by the public.
D. Why painters put much emphasis n creativity.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. B
【解析】What des an artist want t d? The jb invlves creating beauty and dreams. Every artist knws in his heart that he is saying smething t the public. Nt nly des he want t say it well, but he wants it t be smething that has nt been said befre. He hpes the public will listen and understand what he wants t teach, and he wants them t learn frm him. What painters want t teach is easy t make ut but difficult t explain, because painters translate their experiences int shapes and clrs, nt wrds. They seem t feel that a certain selectin f shapes and clrs, is specially interesting fr them and wrth shwing t us. Withut their wrk we shuld never have nticed these particular shapes and clrs, r have felt the delight which they brught t the artist. Mst artists take their shapes and clrs frm the wrld r nature and frm human bdies in mtin and pse; their chices shw that these aspects f the wrld are wrth lking at and that they cntain beautiful sights. Mdern artists might say that they nly chse bjects that prvide an interesting pattern and that there is nthing mre in it. Yet they d nt chse entirely withut reference t the character f their bjects.
Questins:
14. What des an artist hpe that the public will d ?
15. Why is it hard t explain what painters are saying?
16. What is the talk mainly abut?
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17. A. Neighbrs.B. Clleagues.C. Relatives.D. Schlmates.
18.
A. Prducing fruits.B. Wrapping vegetables.
C. Cutting grass.D. Cleaning leaves.
19.
A. Enjyable smetimes.B. Nice all alng.
C. Meaningless at times.D. Hard all the time.
20.
A. High tuitin the speakers are laded with.
B. Part-time jbs the speakers are taking nw.
C. Reasns why the speakers take part-time jbs.
D. Weaknesses the speakers think part-time jbs have.
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. A 20. B
【解析】M: Oh, Linda. What are yu up t these days? It seems ages since we met in the canteen.
W: Hi, Phil. I’m n my way hme frm wrk.
M: I didn’t knw yu had a jb.
W: Yeah, I wrk part time at a supermarket.
M: What d yu d there?
W: I wrk in the prduce sectin, wrapping fresh fruit and vegetables. I als put gds n shelves. Smetimes when it really gets busy, I will assist at the check-ut cunter. Have yu gt a jb, Phil?
M: Yeah, I d garden wrk fr peple. Yu knw, cutting grass, watering, cleaning leaves, pulling weeds, things like that.
W: I’d like ding that. It must be nice t wrk utdrs.
M: Smetimes it is, except when it rains r snws r gets t ht r t cld r...
W: I guess every jb has its drawbacks. There are times when I get pretty tired f carrying things arund at my jb. But a jb is a jb, and n the whle it ensures a great sense f achievement. And yu knw, I dn’t want t burden my parents with the high cllege fees.
M: Me t. Tuitin in ur cllege is high, isn’t it? Well, I’d better get ging. I’ve gt t plant sme trees fr my neighbrs this afternn.
W: All right, see yu!
M: It is great seeing yu, Linda. Bye!
Questins:
17. What’s the relatinship between the tw speakers?
18.Which f the fllwing is Linda’s jb?
19. Hw des the man think f his part-time jb?
20. What is the cnversatin mainly abut?
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd. Fr the ther blanks, fill in each blank with ne prper wrd. Make sure that yur answers are grammatically crrect.
(2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语试题)
Gray Hair Can Return t Its Original Clr
Few signs f ld age are clearer than the sight f gray hair. ____21____ we grw lder, ur strands f hair lse their yuthful clr. Althugh this may seem like a permanent change, new research reveals that gray hairs ____22____ miraculusly regain clr — at least temprarily.
In ne 1972 paper, the late dctr Stanley Cmaish reprted an islated case f a 38-year-ld man, with his three strands ____23____(be) light near the ends but dark near the rts. This signaled a reversal in the nrmal graying prcess, ____24____ begins at the rt.
A new study frm researchers at Clumbia University is the first ____25____(ffer) quantitative evidence linking psychlgical stress t graying hair in peple. Having analyzed individual hairs frm 14 vlunteers, researchers cmpared the results with each vlunteer’s stress diary, in which individuals’ review f their calendars and each week’s level f stress rated are included.
When hairs were aligned with (与……对照) stress diaries, striking assciatins between stress and hair graying ____26____(reveal) and, in sme cases, there was a reversal f graying when stress was remved. There was ne individual wh went n a lng vacatin, and five hairs n that persn’s head returned back t dark during the vacatin.
Althugh it may seem easy t understand ____27____ stress can speed up graying, the researchers were surprised t discver that hair clr can be restred when stress is eased. We culd picture hair as a pwerful tl t assess the effects f ____28____(early) life events n aging — because hair prvides a kind f physical recrd f past events, much____29____ the rings f a tree. It’s pretty clear that the hair encdes part f yur bilgical histry in sme way. Hair grws ut f the bdy, and then it crystallizes int _____30_____ hard and stable that hlds the memry f yur past.
【答案】21. As 22. can##culd##may##might 23. being 24. which 25. t ffer
26. were revealed 27. that 28. earlier 29. like 30. smething##the
【解析】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，白发可以奇迹般地恢复颜色——至少是暂时的。文章介绍了这项研究的具体开展情况以及研究发现。
21考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们的头发失去了青春的颜色。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”应用as，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。
22考查情态动词。句意：虽然这似乎是一个永久性的改变，但新的研究表明，白发可以/可能奇迹般地恢复颜色——至少是暂时的。后跟动词原形，表示“可以”或“可能”，应用情态动词can/culd/may/might。故填can/culd/may/might。
23考查非谓语动词。句意：在1972年一篇论文中，已故医生斯坦利·科迈什报告了一个38岁男子的孤立病例，他的三股发丝末端较浅，但发根附近较深。此处为with的复合结构，strands与be构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填being。
24考查定语从句。句意：这标志着从根开始的正常变灰过程的逆转。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词prcess，从句缺少主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。
25考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学研究人员的一项新研究首次提供了心理压力与人们头发变白之间的定量证据。序数词后跟不定式，作后置定语。故填t ffer。
26考查时态语态。句意：当头发与压力日志对照时，压力和头发变白之间的显著关联被揭示出来，在某些情况下，当压力消失时，头发变白的情况会逆转。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文was可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为striking assciatins，谓语用复数。故填were revealed。
27考查宾语从句。句意：虽然压力会加速头发变白似乎很容易理解，但研究人员惊讶地发现，当压力缓解时，头发的颜色可以恢复。此处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。
28考查比较级。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。结合语境表示“更早的”，应用比较级。故填earlier。
29考查介词。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。后跟名词作宾语，表示“像”，应用like。故填like。
30考查不定代词或冠词。句意：头发从身体里长出来，然后结晶成坚硬而稳定的东西，保存着你过去的记忆。此处表示“坚硬的某物”应用不定代词smething或用定冠词+形容词，表示一类事物。故填smething或the。
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
(2023届上海市金山区高三上学期一模)
Leg: One Step Clser t Being Sustainable
The Leg Grup is ne step clser t reaching its gal f making all its prducts frm sustainable materials by 2030.
The Danish tymaker revealed a prttype (雏形) brick made frm ____31____ plastic. In a news release, Leg said the PET plastic frm ____32____ bttles makes up the first brick t meet the cmpany’s “strict quality and safety requirements.” One way the cmpany ____33____ safety is by surcing materials frm suppliers that use prcesses apprved by the US Fd & Drug Administratin and Eurpean Fd Safety Authrity.
“The biggest ___34___ n ur sustainability jurney is rethinking and innvating new materials that are as lng-lasting, strng and high quality as ur existing bricks—and fit with LEGO elements made ver the past 60 years,” Leg Grup Vice President f Envirnmental Respnsibility Tim Brks said. “With this prttype we’re able t____35____ the prgress we’re making t the public.”
It will be “sme time” befre bricks made frm used materials can be ____36____, Leg said. The cmpany will cntinue t test and develp the PET frmulatin (配方) and decide whether t mve t the ____37____ prductin phase, which is expected t take at least a year. One factr the cmpany is testing is hw the material can be ____38____.
“Experimentatin and failing is an imprtant part f learning and ____39____. Just as kids build, unbuild and rebuild with LEGO bricks at hme, we’re ding the same in ur lab,” Brks said.
The mve fllws last year’s annuncement that the cmpany was making a $400 millin investment ver three years int sustainability ____40____. It included phasing ut the single-use plastic bags frm its bxes and instead using recyclable paper fr its packaging.
【答案】31. J 32. A 33. E 34. B 35. D 36. I 37. H 38. C 39. G 40. F
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了乐高目前在可持续材料制造上获得的成就和未来的计划。
31考查形容词。句意：这家丹麦玩具制造商展示了一款由回收塑料制成的积木原型。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的plastic，此处表达是“可回收塑料制造”之意，recycled“回收利用的”符合题意。故选J项。
32考查形容词。句意：乐高在一份新闻稿中表示，来自废弃瓶子的PET塑料构成了满足该公司“严格的质量和安全要求”的第一块砖。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的bttles，abandned“被遗弃的”符合题意。故选A项。
33考查动词。句意：该公司确保安全的一种方法是，从使用美国食品药品管理局(Fd & Drug Administratin)和欧洲食品安全局(Eurpean Fd safety Authrity)批准工艺的供应商那里采购材料。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，应填动词，ensure“保证”为动词符合题意，主语是the cmpany为第三人称单数，描述的是一般的状态，应该用一般现在时，应填ensures。故选E项。
34考查名词。句意：乐高集团负责环境责任的副总裁蒂姆·布鲁克斯说:“我们在可持续发展之旅中面临的最大挑战是重新思考和创新新材料，这些材料要像我们现有的砖一样持久、坚固和高质量，并且与过去60年生产的乐高元素相适应。”。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，challenge“挑战”符合题意。故选B项
35考查动词。句意：通过这个原型，我们能够向公众展示我们正在取得的进展。分析句子结构可知，空前的t是不定式标志，空处应填动词原形，demnstrate“演示”符合题意。故选D项。
36考查动词。句意：乐高表示，购买二手材料制成的积木还需要“一段时间”。分析句子结构可知，此处是befre引导的状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以应填动词purchase“购买”符合题意，又从句主语是bricks与purchase之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处填purchased。故选I项。
37考查形容词。句意：该公司将继续测试和开发PET配方，并决定是否进入试生产阶段，预计至少需要一年时间。分析句子结构可知，空气是冠词the，空后是名词prductin，所以空处应填形容词做的定语，pilt“试验性的”符合题意。故选H项。
38考查动词。句意：该公司正在测试的一个因素是这种材料如何着色。分析句子结构可知，此处是后文引导的表语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，应填动词，clr“着色”为动词符合题意，从句主语是material与clr之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处填clred。故选C项。
39考查名词。句意：实验和失败是学习和创新的重要组成部分。分析句子结构可知，根据空前and，空处应和learning并列，应填名词，innvatin“创造”为不可数名词，符合题意。故选G项。
40考查名词。句意：去年，该公司宣布将在三年内投资4亿美元用于可持续发展计划。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：sustainability initiatives意为“可持续发展计划”。故选F项。
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
(2023届上海市宝山区高三一模)
Online art f all kinds can be accessed by as many peple as the hsting server permits. But there is a(n) ___41___ that is allwing peple t buy digital art.
Digital art that is sld nline is knwn as an NFT, which ___42___ nn-fungible tken(非同质化代币). Nn-fungible means that the item cannt be ___43___ by a similar item. Fr example, cins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged. ___44___, trading cards are nn-fungible because their wrth varies depending n which card yu have. An NFT can be ___45___ anything digital -sngs, vides, images r even a scial media pst, ne f which sld fr almst USS3 millin!
Others may be able t see this NFT, r art, but ne persn is listed as the wner n a blckchain-that is, a public ___46___. Blckchains are well equipped t keep track f the wner f NFT. In fact, they are used t recrd all kinds f nline ___47___.
Sme peple are describing NFTs as an nline versin f cllecting fine art. And cllectrs are ___48___ t put their mney where their muth is, paying thusands r even millins f dllars fr NFTs.
As with fine art cllecting, sme peple see purchasing NFTs as a(n) ___49___, buying art that they plan t sell at a higher price later. Others want the esteem (成就感) that cmes with wning an NFT made by a famus ___50___. But given that a cpy f an NFT is identical t the ___51___, the wisdm f paying massive amunts f mney fr ne may seem ___52___.
On the ther hand, the ppularity f NFTs is ___53___ gd news fr the artists wh create them. Upn selling their wrks as NFTs, artists receive much mre than the small amunts f mney they get when smene streams their vide, fr example. Sme NFTs are even set up s that every time a wrk changes hands, the creatr receives a percentage f the price. Thus, the artist can be paid fr a single NFT many times ver.
___54___, every NFT is unique, thugh sme creatrs prduce multiple very similar NFTs srt f like hw multiple cpies f any given trading card exist). ___55___ will tell whether NFT art will pay ff fr cllectrs in the lng run, but fr nw it’s prviding sme peple-including the artists with large sums f mney.
41. A. regulatinB. artC. skillD. trend
42. A. fcuses nB. stands frC. pints tD. cnsists in
43. A. replacedB. prducedC. releasedD. cvered
44. A. In a wrdB. In ther wrdsC. In cntrastD. In cnclusin
45. A. practicallyB. extremelyC. eventuallyD. cnstantly
46. A. imageB. databaseC. relatinshipD. benefit
47. A. activitiesB. perfrmancesC. cmmunicatinsD. deals
48. A. afraidB. eagerC. willingD. dubtful
49. A. amusementB. investmentC. dnatinD. hbby
50. A. creatrB. craftsmanC. fficialD. scientist
51. A. criticalB. mderateC. finalD. riginal
52. A. flishB. intelligentC. questinableD. mysterius
53. A. generallyB. definitelyC. cnsequentlyD. specifically
54. A. ThereticallyB. ObjectivelyC. HnestlyD. Strictly
55. A. StandardB. MneyC. TimeD. Technlgy
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人们在网上购买数字艺术品的一个趋势。
41考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是有一个趋势是允许人们购买数字艺术品。A. regulatin管理；规章；B. art艺术；C. skill技巧；D. trend趋势。根据下文“allwing peple t buy digital art”及“Sme peple are describing NFTs as an nline versin f cllecting fine art.”可知，这里指人们从网络上购买数字艺术品成为了趋势。故选D。
42考查短语词义辨析。句意：在网上销售的数字艺术品被称为 NFT，代表非同质化代币。A. fcuses n集中于； B. stands fr 代表；C. pints t指向；D. cnsists in组成。根据空前“knwn as an NFT”及空后“nn-fungible tken”可知，此处NFT代表nn-fungible tken，故选B。
43考查动词词义辨析。句意：不可替换意味着该项不能被类似的项替换。A. replaced替换；B. prduced制造；C. released释放；发射；D. cvered覆盖。根据下文“Fr example, cins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged. 44 , trading cards are nn-fungible because their wrth varies depending n which card yu have.”可知，硬币和纸币是可替换的，交易卡是不可替代的，因而这里指不能被相似的物品来替换。故选A。
44考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，硬币和纸币是可替换的，因为它们有一个固定的价值，并且易于交换。相比之下，交易卡是不可替代的，因为它们的价值取决于你持有的卡。A. In a wrd总之；一句话；B. In ther wrds换句话说；C. In cntrast相对比而言；D. In cnclusin最后；总之。结合上文“cins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged”及下文“trading cards are nn-fungible because their wrth varies depending n which card yu have”可知，此处是拿能交换的硬币和纸币与交易卡进行对比，故选C。
45考查副词词义辨析。句意：NFT 实际上可以是任何数字化的东西——歌曲、视频、图像甚至是社交媒体帖子，其中一个售价接近300万美元！A. practically实际地；B. extremely 极其；非常；C. eventually最终；D. cnstantly持续地。根据下文“anything digital -sngs, vides, images r even a scial media pst”拿实际的数码歌曲、视频等来解释NTF，所以NTF指实际上的这些东西。故选A。
46考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人可能能够看到这个 NFT，或艺术，但一个人被列为所有者的区块链——即公共数据库。A. image形象；B. database数据库；C. relatinship关系；D. benefit好处。根据下文“In fact, they are used t recrd all kinds f nline 47 .”可知，此处指网上交易都被记录在这里，即是所有交易的数据库。故选B。
47考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它们被用来记录各种在线交易。A. activities活动；B. perfrmances表演；C. cmmunicatins交流；D. deals交易。根据上文“allwing peple t buy digital art”可知，这里指人们在网上购买数字艺术品，即网上交易。故选D。
48考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且收藏家愿意把钱花在他们所说的地方，为 NFT 支付数千甚至数百万美元。A. afraid害怕的；B. eager渴望的；C. willing乐意的；D. dubtful怀疑的。根据下文“paying thusands r even millins f dllars fr NFTs”可知，收藏家们愿意把钱花在NFT上。故选C。
49考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像收藏艺术品一样，有些人把购买 NFT 视为一种投资，购买他们计划以更高价格出售的艺术品。A. amusement乐趣；娱乐活动；B. investment投资；C. dnatin捐献；捐赠物；D. hbby爱好。根据上文“ purchasing NFTs”及下文“ sell at a higher price later”可知，低价买NFT，之后以高价卖出，即有些人把购买NFT 视为一种投资。故选B。
50考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人则希望拥有由著名创作者制作的 NFT，从而获得尊重。A. creatr创造者；B. craftsman工匠；技工；C. fficial官员；D. scientist科学家。根据上文“an NFT made by a famus”，可知，这里指创造NFT的创造者。故选A。
51考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，鉴于 NFT 的拷贝与原件完全相同，花大价钱购买 NFT 的明智之举似乎值得怀疑。A. critical批评的；爱挑剔的； B. mderate适度的；C. final最终的；D. riginal最初的。根据上文“a cpy f an NFT is identical t ”可知，复制体和原始的应是一致的。故选D。
52考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，鉴于 NFT 的拷贝与原件完全相同，花大价钱购买 NFT 的明智之举似乎值得怀疑。A. flish愚蠢的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. questinable可疑的；有疑问的；D. mysterius神秘的。结合空前内容，可知，复制体和原始版是一致的，所以花大价钱购买复制体这个行为是可疑的。故选C。
53考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，NFT 的流行对于创作它们的艺术家来说无疑是个好消息。A. generally大体地； B. definitely明确地；C. cnsequently因此；D. specifically特有地；特定地。根据空处前后内容可知，NFT受欢迎，因而对于创作它们的艺术家来讲肯定是好消息。故选B。
54考查副词词义辨析。句意：从理论上讲，每个 NFT 都是独一无二的，尽管有些创造者会生成多个非常相似的 NFT，就像任何给定交易卡的多个拷贝存在一样。A. Theretically理论地；B. Objectively客观的；C. Hnestly诚实地；D. Strictly严格地。根据下文“every NFT is unique”可知，在理论上，任何一个NFT都是独一无二的。故选A。
55考查名词词义辨析。句意：从长远来看，NFT 艺术品是否会为收藏家带来回报，时间会告诉我们答案，但就目前而言，它为一些人——包括艺术家——提供了大笔资金。A. Standard标准；B. Mney金钱；C. Time时间；D. Technlgy技术。根据下文“in the lng run”，所以此处指从时间上来看。故选C。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
(2023届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模)
Francis Kéré appears n the screen in a lse white Oxfrd shirt and an enrmus, slightly amazed smile. “Can yu imagine?” the newest Pritzker Architecture Prize winner says. “I was brn in a little village in Burkina Fas where there was n schl then. And my father wanted me t learn hw t read and write very simply because then I culd then translate r read him his letters.”
The first African winner f the Pritzker Architecture Prize had already received numerus awards in his field, but Kéré was as surprised as anyne else t be selected fr the field’s mst famus prize. “Francis Kéré is pineering architecture — sustainable t the earth and its inhabitants — in lands f extreme scarcity,” said cmmittee chair, Tm Pritzker, in a statement. “He is equally architect and servant, imprving upn the lives and experiences f cuntless citizens in a regin f the wrld that is at times frgtten. Thrugh buildings that demnstrate beauty, mdesty, bldness and inventin, Kéré gracefully deserves this Prize.”
Kéré says his architectural practice was inspired by his wn experience attending schl with arund 100 ther children in a regin where temperatures are regularly higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit. “Yu will sit and it’s very ht inside,” he said. “And there was n light, while utside, the sunlight was strng and in my head the idea ne day grew that as an adult, I shuld make it better. I was thinking abut space, abut rm, abut hw I can feel better.”
In his designs fr Gand Primary Schl and Naaba Belem Gumma Secndary Schl in Burkina Fas, Kéré drew n traditinal building materials and emphasized shade and shadws with well-ventilated (通风良好的) spaces that reduce the need fr air cnditining.
When he was twenty, in 1985, Kéré earned a vcatinal schlarship t study carpentry in Berlin. But while absrbed in the practicality f rfing and furniture making, he als attended night schl and was admitted t Technische Universität Berlin, frm which he graduated in 2004 with an advanced degree in architecture. He was still a student when he designed and built Gand Primary Schl. It turned ut t be a springbard fr his career and still guides his eths (理念) tday.
56. Which f the fllwing is a reasn fr Kéré’s winning the Pritzker Architecture Prize?
A. His designs are innvative and ec-friendly.
B. He’s received plenty f awards in architecture.
C. His designs mainly cnsist f schl buildings.
D. He’s gd at using new materials in his architecture.
57. ________ acts as a stimulus t Kéré’s becming an architect.
A. His study f carpentry in BerlinB. His hmetwn’s extremely ht whether
C. His parents’ expectatins f himD. His uncmfrtable experience at schl
58. ________ helps Kéré establish his status in architecture.
A. His design f Gand Primary SchlB. His research in Technische Universität Berlin
C. His lve fr nature and his hmetwnD. His cmmitment t the develpment f Africa
59. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Francis Kéré: a True Pineer in African Architecture
B. Francis Kéré: a Great African Cntributr t Architecture
C. Francis Kéré: the First African t Win Architecture’s Tp Award
D. Francis Kéré: the First African Winner f Awards in Architecture
【答案】56. A 57. D 58. A 59. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作为首个获得建筑领域最高奖——普利兹克建筑奖的非洲人Francis Kéré的成名经历。
56细节理解题。根据第二段中““Francis Kéré is pineering architecture — sustainable t the earth and its inhabitants — in lands f extreme scarcity,” said cmmittee chair, Tm Pritzker, in a statement. “He is equally architect and servant, imprving upn the lives and experiences f cuntless citizens in a regin f the wrld that is at times frgtten. Thrugh buildings that demnstrate beauty, mdesty, bldness and inventin, Kéré gracefully deserves this Prize.” (“Francis Kéré是建筑学的先驱——对地球及其居民来说是可持续的——在极度稀缺的土地上，”委员会主席Tm Pritzker在一份声明中表示。“他同样是建筑师和公务员，改善着这个世界上有时被遗忘的地区无数公民的生活和经历。通过展示美丽、谦逊、大胆和创造力的建筑，Kéré理所当然地获得了这个奖项。”)”可知，Kéré被授奖是因为他的作品具有创造性，同时也符合可持续发展。故选A。
57细节理解题。根据第三段“Kéré says his architectural practice was inspired by his wn experience attending schl with arund 100 ther children in a regin where temperatures are regularly higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit. “Yu will sit and it’s very ht inside,” he said. “And there was n light, while utside, the sunlight was strng and in my head the idea ne day grew that as an adult, I shuld make it better. I was thinking abut space, abut rm, abut hw I can feel better.”(Kéré说他的建筑实践是受到他自己的上学经历的启发，在那个温度经常高于100华氏度的地区，他和大约100个其他的孩子一起上学。“你会坐在里面，里面非常热，”他说。“外面没有光，阳光很强烈，有一天我的脑海里产生了一个想法，作为一个成年人，我应该让它变得更好。我想到了空间，想到了房间，想到了如何让自己感觉更好。”)”可知，Kéré建筑的实践源于他自己上学期间艰苦的生活。故选D。
58细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He was still a student when he designed and built Gand Primary Schl. It turned ut t be a springbard fr his career and still guides his eths (理念) tday. (当他设计和建造甘多小学的时候，他还是个学生。事实证明，这是他职业生涯的跳板，至今仍引导着他的精神)”可知，正是Kéré设计和建造甘多小学，才成就其在职业场上的地位。故选A。
59主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“Francis Kéré appears n the screen in a lse white Oxfrd shirt and an enrmus, slightly amazed smile. “Can yu imagine?” the newest Pritzker Architecture Prize winner says.(Francis Kéré身穿宽松的白色牛津衬衫出现在屏幕上，脸上带着微微惊讶的笑容。“你能想象吗？”这位最新的普利兹克奖冠军说)”可知，Francis Kéré是最新的普利兹克奖冠军。第二段中“The first African winner f the Pritzker Architecture Prize had already received numerus awards in his field, but Kéré was as surprised as anyne else t be selected fr the field’s mst famus prize.(被选为该领域最著名的奖项，Kéré和其他人一样惊讶)”同时结合下文对Kéré在建筑领域的成名经历的叙说可知，本文主要讲述了作为首个获得建筑领域最高奖——普利兹克建筑奖的非洲人Francis Kéré的成名经历。由此可知，文章的标题可以是“Francis Kéré：第一个获得建筑最高奖的非洲人”。故选C。
(B)
(2023届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模)
If yu really want t see all that Yellwstne Park has t ffer, it wuld take yu a lifetime! Hwever, mst f us d nt have a lifetime t spend in Yellwstne, but in 2-3 full days, yu will be able t hit mst f the highlights.
There is n such thing as racing arund the park. Yellwstne has 154 miles f a main highway, knwn as the Grand Lp Rad. The general park speed limit is 45 miles per hur but in nrmal traffic, yu will be lucky t average 30 miles per hur. Figure at least an hur f driving time fr every thirty miles f distance. If yu plan t get ff the bus and visit the park, it will take at least 1.2 t 2 hurs at almst every stp. In additin, there will be any mumber f unscheduled stps, such as waiting fr wild animals t crss the rad
A suggested starting pint fr yur tur f Yellwstne Natinal Park is t enter thrugh the Suth Gate, which is apprximately sixty-tw miles nrth f Jacksn, Wyming. Everyne cmes t Yellwstne t see Old Faithful.Althugh,nt the largest geyser (间歇泉) t erupt in the Park,it is the mst reliable regarding the time f eruptin. The time f the eruptin,the length f the eruptin and the height f the eruptin vary frm year t year. As yu enter the Park, ask the Park Infrmatin Office if he has infrmatin n the expected times fr the eruptin f Old Faithful.
As yu drive nrth n the Grand Lp Rad, keep an eye ut fr wildlife. At Grant Village Junctin, turn left (west) and head tward Old Faithful Village. Once at Old Faithful Village, take sme time t walk arund the bardwalks and visit sme f the many ther geysers in the Upper Geyser Basin. Include the 1.4-mile walk t Mrning Glry Pl, ne f the mst clrful thermal (热能) features in all f Yellwstne.And d nt frget t visit the Old Faithful Inn,which is the single mst impressive human structure in Yellwstne.
Cntinue n nrth and visit the Lwer Geyser Basin. The area is scattered and features regularly erupting geysers, ht springs, and a fascinating mud pl. After leaving the Lwer Geyser Basin, cntinue nrth t Nrris Junctin and stay t the right t travel t Nrris Geyser Basin. One f Yellwstne’s mst ppular geyser basins, Nrris is hme t ne f the Park’s mst ppular geysers and Steambat. In additin, there are several miles f bardwalks frm which yu can explre dzens f multi-clred thermal features.
As fr mre, g n a Sightseeing Tur f Yellwstne t see it all.
Yellwstne Scenic Turs - Private Day Trips
Yellwstne YearRund Adventures
Experience Mntana With Frnt Seat Guided Bus Tur
60. What can yu learn frm the first paragraph?
A. Sme peple live in parks all their lives.B. Hardly anyne can see the whle park.
C. The park can prvide yu with everything.D. It’s enugh t spend a few days in the park.
61. What des the underlined phrase “unscheduled stps” refer t?
A. The walking speed f wild animals being affected.
B. Travelers’ stpping and ging in the park.
C. The vehicles’ being parked in the prper area.
D. The traffic’s stpping t make way fr wild animals.
62. Which f the fllwing travel maps is true accrding t Paragraph 4-5?
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】60. B 61. D 62. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍对黄石国家公园的旅游，让你在2到3天内将能够到达大部分的亮点。
60推理判断题。根据第一段“If yu really want t see all that Yellwstne Park has t ffer, it wuld take yu a lifetime! Hwever, mst f us d nt have a lifetime t spend in Yellwstne, but in 2-3 full days, yu will be able t hit mst f the highlights.（如果你真的想看到黄石公园提供的一切，它将花费你一生的时间!然而，我们大多数人都没有一辈子的时间在黄石公园度过，但在2-3天内，你将能够到达大部分的亮点。）”可知，从第一段我们可以知道“几乎没有人能看到整个公园。”故选B。
61词义猜测题。根据第二段中“If yu plan t get ff the bus and visit the park, it will take at least 1.2 t 2 hurs at almst every stp.（如果你打算下车参观公园，几乎每一站都需要至少1.2到2个小时。）”和划线后面的内容“such as waiting fr wild animals t crss the rad（比如等待野生动物过马路）”，由此推测划线词的意思是“车辆停下来给野生动物让路。”故选D。
62细节理解题。根据第四段中“As yu drive nrth n the Grand Lp Rad, keep an eye ut fr wildlife. At Grant Village Junctin, turn left (west)and head tward Old Faithful Village.（当您沿着大环路向北行驶时，请留意野生动物。在Grant Village Junctin，左转(向西)，向Old Faithful Village方向前进。）”和第五段中“Cntinue n nrth and visit the Lwer Geyser Basin. The area is scattered and features regularly erupting geysers, ht springs, and a fascinating mud pl. After leaving the Lwer Geyser Basin, cntinue nrth t Nrris Junctin and stay t the right t travel t Nrris Geyser Basin.（继续向北，参观下间歇泉盆地。该地区分布分散，以定期喷发的间歇泉、温泉和迷人的泥池为特色。离开下间歇泉盆地后，继续向北前往诺里斯枢纽，并停留在右侧前往诺里斯间歇泉盆地。）”可知，从the Grand Lp Rad开始，然后到Old Faithful Village，再到the Lwer Geyser Basin，最后到Nrris。故选C。
C
(2023届上海市徐汇区高三二模)
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will wn up t mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mm and dad’s punishment if they admit t wrngding, in a blaming envirnment, emplyees are afraid f criticism and punishment if they acknwledge making a mistake at wrk. Blame culture asks, “wh drpped the ball?” instead f “where did ur systems and prcesses fail?” The fcus is n the individuals, nt the prcesses. It’s much easier t pint fingers at a persn r department instead f ding the harder, but the mre beneficial, exercise f fixing the rt cause, s the prblem des nt happen again.
The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. It riginated in rganizatins where tiny errrs can have catastrphic (灾难性的) cnsequences. These are knwn as high reliability rganizatins (HROs) and include hspitals, submarines and airlines. Because errrs can be s disastrus in these rganizatins, it’s dangerus t perate in an envirnment where emplyees dn’t feel able t reprt errrs that have been made r raise cncerns abut that deficiencies may turn int future errrs. The N Blame Culture maximizes accuntability because all cntributins t the event ccurring are identified and reviewed fr pssible change and imprvement.
The Natinal Transprtatin Safety Bard (NTSB), which supervises air traffic acrss the United States, makes it clear that its rle is nt t assign blame r liability but t find ut what went wrng and t issue recmmendatins t avid a repeat. The prud recrd f the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects n-blame prcesses fr investigating crashes and clse calls. The mtive t learn frm errrs als exist when the risks are lwer. That is why sftware engineers and develpers rutinely investigate what went wrng if a website crashes r a server ges dwn.
There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea f the “just culture”, a framewrk develped in the 1990s by James Reasn, a psychlgist, addresses the cncern that the incmpetent and the malevlent (恶意的) will be let ff the hk. The line that Britain’s aviatin regulatr draws between hnest errrs and the ther srt is a gd starting-pint. It prmises a culture in which peple “are nt punished fr actins r decisins taken by them that are cmmensurate with their experience and training”. That narrws rm fr blame but des nt remve it entirely.
63. Accrding t the research published in 2015, cmpanies that ________ had better perfrmance.
A. blamed external factrsB. wned up t mistakes
C. cnducted investigatinsD. admitted failures
64. Accrding t the passage, the N Blame Culture ________.
A. encurages the early disclsure f errrs
B. nly exists in high reliability rganizatins
C. enables peple t shift the blame nt thers
D. prevents rganizatins t learn frm errrs
65. What is the majr cncern abut embracing blamelessness accrding t the passage?
A. Inncent peple might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed fr mistakes can destry trust in emplyees.
C. The line between hnest errrs and the ther srt is nt clear.
D. Peple wn’t learn their lessns if they aren’t blamed fr failures.
66. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Why We Fail t Learn frm Our Own Mistakes
B. Hw t Avid Disastrus Errrs in Organizatins
C. Why We Shuld Stp the Blame Game at Wrk
D. Hw t Deal with Wrkplace Blame Culture
【答案】63. B 64. A 65. D 66. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了职场中“责怪文化”的弊端及引进“不责怪”文化的好处及担忧。
63细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.”（2015年发表的一项研究表明，那些经理把失败归咎于外部因素的公司，其表现不如那些把失败归咎于自己的公司。）可知，把失败原因归咎于自身即承认自身错误的公司比把失败归咎于外部因素的公司表现得好。故选B项。
64细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. ”（引入“不责怪文化”，确保员工尽早指出错误和不足。）可知，“不责怪文化”可以鼓励员工尽早揭露错误和不足。故选A项。
65细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved.”（对于拥护“不责怪文化”也存在明显的担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？毕竟，有时候，被责备是罪有应得。）可知，如果对于错误不再指责，有些人可能会不断地犯同样的错误，无法吸取教训。故选D项。
66主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will wn up t mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them.”（但是责备也是有害的。这使得人们不太可能承认错误，因此组织也不太可能从中吸取教训。）及第二段第一句“Blame culture can spread like a virus.”（责备就像病毒一样传播。）可知文章前两段主要论述了职场中“责怪文化”的弊端，并结合下文对“不责怪文化”好处的论述可知，文章主要分析了职场中应该停止“责怪文化”的原因，并引进“不责怪文化”，C项“为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责文化”适合做文章标题。故选C项。
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
(2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷)
Recently, there’s been a lt f talk in U.S. abut the “data prblem.” It ught t give the “datadriven” schl refrmers pause t recnsider. Maybe we are just creating a bubble that t will burst if we cntinue t base ur actins n the belief that nly scres n standardized instruments are evidence f success.____67____ Marg, a famus cmmenter, states that at least tests are mre “reliable” than prfessinal judgment. Hw can she tell? We want a natin f citizens wh are less ready t think that the “truth” can nly be captured in ne f fur answers—a, b, c, r d. ____68____ But hw can the general trend guarantee the reliability f the scre f ne particular test-taker? Sme educatr dares t replace these tests with prfessinal human judgments, which must still rest n a numerical rank rder based n a, b, c and d. The big prblem is that there is ften n technical assurance fr the reliability f such exams. N wnder many big-name psychlgists avid them.
All “reliability” tells us is that the student wuld get a similar scre n a similar test if given at anther time r place. But all scres n ld r new tests have measurement errrs. Like Wall Street’s numbers, we have n independent basis fr relying n these scres. Likewise, validity is in the eye f a certain standard f judgments. Hw ridiculus it is t say fr sure that these judgments are justified!
When sme parents tld me that their children seemed t read well, but scred prly, they ften believed the indirect evidence, test scre, and nt the direct evidence, listening t their children read. Sme parents had been trained t distrust judgment and rely n “real evidence”. My wn 8-year-ld sn als used t “fail” a 3rd grade reading test even thugh I “knew” he culd read fluently. ____69____
We need schls that “train” ur judgment, which help us becme adults wh are in the habit f bringing judgment t bear n cmplex phenmenn. ____70____ It als invlves acknwledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree f uncertainty. Only in this way, can we, t sme extent, rely n the results f the schl educatin in the U.S.
A. Even the technical meaning f “gd tests” is pen t questin.
B. It’s when I became a test dubter.
C. Different grups f peple fit different test patterns.
D. On all achievement tests, we’re prmised befrehand a ppulatin that fits a nrmal curve (曲线).
E. This includes judging which expertise t “trust” and defending such chices.
F. Time spent n standardized tests is, in many cases, equal t that n study.
【答案】67. A 68. D 69. B 70. E
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是什么是“好的”考试，是测试还是专业判断。
67空前说“Maybe we are just creating a bubble that t will burst if we cntinue t base ur actins n the belief that nly scres n standardized instruments are evidence f success.(也许我们只是在制造一个泡沫，如果我们继续把我们的行动建立在只有在标准化工具上的分数才是成功的证据的信念上，这个泡沫也会破裂。)”，因此到底什么才算是好的考试是值得让人质疑的，A选项“Even the technical meaning f “gd tests” is pen t questin.(甚至“好的测试”的技术意义也是存有疑问的。)”说明了什么才算是好的考试是值得让人质疑的，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
68空前说“Marg, a famus cmmenter, states that at least tests are mre “reliable” than prfessinal judgment. Hw can she tell? We want a natin f citizens wh are less ready t think that the “truth” can nly be captured in ne f fur answers—a, b, c, r d.(一位著名的评论家Marg说，至少测试比专业判断更“可靠”。她怎么知道的？我们想要的是这样一个国家，这个国家的公民不太愿意认为“真相”只能在四种答案之一中得到——a、b、c或d。)”，空格处应说为什么测试比专业判断更“可靠”，D选项“On all achievement tests, we’re prmised befrehand a ppulatin that fits a nrmal curve (曲线).(在所有的成绩测试中，我们事先得到的承诺都是符合正常曲线的总体。)”说明了测试比专业判断更“可靠”的原因，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
69空前说“My wn 8-year-ld sn als used t “fail” a 3rd grade reading test even thugh I “knew” he culd read fluently.(我自己8岁的儿子也曾在三年级的阅读测试中“不及格”，尽管我“知道”他能流利地阅读。)”，空格处应说明作者对此的看法，作者应该会怀疑这样的考试，B选项“It’s when I became a test dubter.(那是我开始怀疑考试的时候。)”说明了作者从那以后开始怀疑考试，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
70空前说“We need schls that “train” ur judgment, which help us becme adults wh are in the habit f bringing judgment t bear n cmplex phenmenn.(我们需要学校来“训练”我们的判断力，帮助我们成为成年人，养成对复杂现象作出判断的习惯。)”，空后说“It als invlves acknwledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree f uncertainty.(它还包括承认，即使是专家也必须生活在很大程度的不确定性中。)”，空格处应说“它包括什么”，E选项“This includes judging which expertise t “trust” and defending such chices.(这包括判断应该“信任”哪些专业知识，并为这些选择辩护。)”说明这包括了什么，和空后的“它还包括”相对应，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
71.Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
(2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模)
Graduates Turn t Teaching
China has witnessed a 66-fld increase in the number f applicants fr teaching qualificatin tests ver the past decade, and experts say the ppularity has mainly been driven by mre graduates chasing stable jbs. Accrding t the latest figures frm the Ministry f Educatin, the number f applicants fr teaching exams each year has grwn frm 172,000 t 11.44 millin in the past decade.
Experts said the sharp increase crrespnds with the increase in teachers’ salaries and status within sciety, and it is expected t bring abut an verall imprvement in quality teaching. Hwever, anther big reasn fr the enthusiasm fr teaching psts is that the challenging and cmplicated emplyment situatin is driving graduates tward stable jbs such as wrking as teachers and gvernment fficials.
Chu Zhahui, a senir researcher at the Natinal Institute f Educatin Sciences, said the ppularity f teaching psts is clsely assciated with peple’s changing perceptin f the ecnmic situatin, jb stability and security, which are majr cncerns fr graduates.
In view f the crnavirus epidemic in recent years, many cllege graduates just want a stable jb, s teaching suddenly becmes a very ppular prfessin, and many students frm well-knwn universities have jined the cmpetitin. Of curse, everyne has their wn ideas. Take Wang Lin fr example. Wang Lin, wh graduated frm a famus university, said she had wanted t be a histry teacher since middle schl, inspired by her wn histry teacher. She added she had a gd impressin f her teachers frm an early age and was grateful t thse wh had taught her. In fact, there are many such cases.
While passing the teaching qualificatin test is the first step t becming a teacher in China, landing a pst at schls in big cities can be very cmpetitive.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】China has witnessed a tremendus increase in the number f applicants fr teaching qualificatin tests ver the past decade. The sharp increase is expected t bring abut an verall imprvement in quality teaching. What’s mre practical reasn is the challenging and cmplicated emplyment situatin. Passing the teaching qualificatin test is the first step t becming a teacher in China.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在过去的十年里，中国参加教师资格考试的人数有了巨大的增长。预计这一急剧增长将带来教学质量的全面提高。更现实的原因是就业形势的挑战和复杂。在中国，通过教师资格考试是成为一名教师的第一步。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①China has witnessed a 66-fld increase in the number f applicants fr teaching qualificatin tests ver the past decade, and experts say the ppularity has mainly been driven by mre graduates chasing stable jbs.
②Experts said the sharp increase crrespnds with the increase in teachers’ salaries and status within sciety, and it is expected t bring abut an verall imprvement in quality teaching.
③Hwever, anther big reasn fr the enthusiasm fr teaching psts is that the challenging and cmplicated emplyment situatin is driving graduates tward stable jbs such as wrking as teachers and gvernment fficials.
④While passing the teaching qualificatin test is the first step t becming a teacher in China, landing a pst at schls in big cities can be very cmpetitive.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
China has witnessed a tremendus increase in the number f applicants fr teaching qualificatin tests ver the past decade.
The sharp increase is expected t bring abut an verall imprvement in quality teaching.
What’s mre practical reasn is the challenging and cmplicated emplyment situatin.
Passing the teaching qualificatin test is the first step t becming a teacher in China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] What’s mre practical reasn is the challenging and cmplicated emplyment situatin.运用主语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Passing the teaching qualificatin test is the first step t becming a teacher in China.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
Ⅴ. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
(2023届上海市松江区高三上学期一模)
72. 清晨，窗外鸟儿的歌声将她从熟睡中唤醒。(wake)(汉译英)

【答案】In the mrning, the birds’ singing / chirping utside the windw(s) wke / wakes her (up) frm a deep / sund sleep.
【解析】考查动名词，动词短语，时态、介词短语。“清晨”表达为in the mrning，介词短语作时间状语；“窗外”表达为utside the windw(s) ，介词短语修饰主语“鸟儿的歌声”，作定语；“鸟儿的歌声”表达为the birds’ singing或the birds’ chirping，动名词作主语；“熟睡”表达为名词短语a deep sleep或a sund sleep；“将……从……中唤醒”表达为wake sb. (up) frm ...。根据中文提示，谓语动词若陈述过去的动作，谓语动词应用一般过去时，故此处应用wake的过去式wke，若该动作为经常发生的动作，则用一般现在时态，主语为“鸟儿的歌声”，为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式wakes。故翻译为：In the mrning, the birds’ singing / chirping utside the windw(s) wke / wakes her (up) frm a deep / sund sleep.
73. 学点经济学常识，这样你就不会对这一社会现象感到云里雾里了。(and) (汉译英)

【答案】Learn sme cmmn knwledge in ecnmics, and yu wn’t be cnfused abut this scial phenmenn.
【解析】考查“祈使句+and+含有一般将来时陈述句”。表示“学”应用动词learn；表示“一点经济学常识”应用sme cmmn knwledge in ecnmics；表示“……，这样你就（不）会……”可以使用“祈使句+and+含有一般将来时的陈述句”这个句型结构，即Learn sme cmmn knwledge in ecnmics, and yu will/wn’t…；表示“对……感到云里雾里”用短语be cnfused abut；表示“这一社会现象”用短语this scial phenmenn。故翻译为Learn sme cmmn knwledge in ecnmics, and yu wn’t be cnfused abut this scial phenmenn.
74. 虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(ntice) (汉译英)

【答案】Thugh I cmplained that he was getting in my way, he tk n ntice and helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly / was (mst / very) willing t help me clean (up) the kitchen.
【解析】考查让步状语从句。表示“抱怨”用动词cmplain；表示“碍手碍脚”用短语get in ne’s way；表示“毫不在意”用短语take n ntice；表示“心甘情愿”可用willing, 也可用短语be willing t d sth; 分析句意可知，抱怨他碍手碍脚是过去习惯性的动作，本句要用过去式进行时，用thugh引导让步状语从句，且后面不能用but；故翻译为Thugh I cmplained that he was getting in my way, he tk n ntice and helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly / was (mst / very) willing t help me clean (up) the kitchen.
75. 在和交换生沟通时，务必要真诚，也要考虑他们的文化背景，以免产生误会。(sure) (汉译英)

【答案】When yu cmmunicate/When cmmunicating with exchange students, be sure t be sincere and take their cultural backgrund int cnsideratin in case misunderstandings arise/emerge/happen.
【解析】考查祈使句和状语从句。句子是描述一般的情况，应用一般现在时，“和……沟通”使用动词短语cmmunicate with，“交换生”译为exchange students，“在和交换生沟通时”用when引导时间状语从句，译为when yu cmmunicate with exchange students，也可使用现在进行时when yu are cmmunicating with exchange students，状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词，可将从句的主语和be动词省略，即when cmmunicating with exchange students；“务必要”使用固定短语be sure t d sth，“真诚”使用形容词sincere，“考虑”使用动词短语 cnsideratin，“文化背景”译为cultural backgrund，此处使用祈使句，用动词原形开头，即be sure t be sincere and take their cultural backgrund int cnsideratin；“以免”使用in case引导目的状语从句，“误会”使用名词复数misunderstandings，“产生”使用动词arise/emerge/happen，即in case misunderstandings arise/emerge/happen，综上，故翻译为：When yu cmmunicate/When cmmunicating with exchange students, be sure t be sincere and take their cultural backgrund int cnsideratin in case misunderstandings arise/emerge/happen.。
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
(2022-2023学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期一模)
75.Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120—150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校英语广播站计划在每周五中午开设名为“Talk and Talk”的栏目，目前正在招募主持人。请给广播站负责人 Mr. Li写一封信，应聘这一岗位。信中需包含以下内容：
1)应聘的理由;
2)专栏内容的策划。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mr. Li,
I nticed in tday’s schl newspaper that yu were lking fr peple t be a hst f the prgram named “Talk and Talk”. S I’m writing t say I’d like t apply the psitin. Here is a brief intrductin f myself.
First f all, I am an utging persn with strng cperatin ability. Secndly, I am very gd at English. I can speak fluent spken English. Finally, and I think this is the mst imprtant pint, I have relevant experience as a presenter, which will greatly assist me in this psitin.
Of curse, I have my wn ideas abut “Talk and Talk”. In my pinin, we can invite and interview sme excellent students t set a gd example fr students.
Sincerely, if this psitin is ffered t me, I will devte all my wisdm and effrts t it. Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英语广播站写一封申请信，应聘“Talk and Talk”的栏目的主持人。信中包括以下内容：应聘的理由；专栏内容的策划。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：first f all→first and fremst
此外：secndly→ what’s mre
我认为：I think→as far as I am cncerned
喜欢：sincerely→ genuinely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Of curse, I have my wn ideas abut “Talk and Talk”. In my pinin, we can invite and interview sme excellent students t set a gd example fr students.
拓展句：Of curse, I have my wn ideas abut “Talk and Talk” that we can invite and interview sme excellent students t set a gd example fr students.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I nticed in tday’s schl newspaper that yu were lking fr peple t be a hst f the prgram named “Talk and Talk”.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】 I have relevant experience as a presenter, which will greatly assist me in this psitin.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
A. abandned B. challenge C. clred D. demnstrate E. ensures
F. initiatives G. innvatin H. pilt I. purchased J. recycled K. tailrs