专题01 名词、主谓一致和冠词-备战2024年英语新高考高频易错考点
展开技巧1 根据修饰语判断名词单复数
1. A cashier wh has a changing sea f __________ (custmer) every day will nly remember names fr
a shrt amunt f time.
【试题解析】因a sea f (许多;大量) 后的可数名词要用复数形式,所以custmer要用复数。
【参考答案】custmers
名词前有these、thse、several、many、all、bth、a pair f、a variety f、different、ne f、amng或数词等修饰时用名词复数形式。
1. The festival is viewed as the end t a series f New Year ______________(celebratin) and is celebrated
with the release f flating and flying lanterns.
【解析】前有a series f(一系列)修饰,故用名词的复数形式。
【答案】celebratins
2. Alipay achieved this remarkable success by mtivating its users t chse frm varius lw-carbn _________ (ptin) in their daily lives…
【解析】前有varius修饰,要用名词的复数形式。
【答案】ptins
技巧2 根据主谓一致判断名词单复数
3. Hwever, safety __________ (prblem) arise.
【解析】由谓语动词arise可知,主语是复数。
【答案】prblems
1. Secnd, there exist idimatic _________ (methd) f saying smething specific in Chinese but it is extremely hard fr us t put it int English prperly.
【解析】因there exist 是there be的变体,而exist是复数,根据主谓一致原则,可知methd (方法) 也用复数。
【答案】methds
2. ________ (study) have shwn that lw levels f thse chemicals might have the same effects as BPA.
【解析】由谓语have shwn可知主语是复数。
【答案】Studies
技巧3 根据上下文判断
1 . Later, _______ (letter) appeared. Hwever, it wuld take them days r even weeks t reach their destinatins.
【解析】由下文的them可知,此处用名词的复数形式。
【答案】letters
1. Beijing’s autumn is extremely shrt, s parks arund the city fill up fast with peple cming t see the seasn’s sight—a shw f changing ________ (clur) as the trees turn frm dark green t deep red.
【解析】由空后“树木从深绿色变成深红色”可知,clur要用复数。
【答案】clurs
2.T many Chinese, playing traditinal Chinese musical ____________(instrument), such as the guzheng r erhu, may seem a bit ld-fashined.
【解析】由空后such as所举的例子或常识可知,中国传统乐器不止一种,故用复数形式。
【答案】instruments
技巧4 根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式
1. In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a_________(believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
【解析】思路点拨 根据句子成分判断词性。 设空处作leading t的宾语,且前面有不定冠词a修饰,应该用其名词形式。
【答案】belief
2 N matter what yu like t d, there is a way t get invlved in varius____________(activity)n Earth Day.
【解析】思路点拨 根据限定词确定名词的数。根据设空处前的varius可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。
【答案】activities
1.The eight-week curse ffers _______________ (participant) the basics f cutting fd waste, using water mre efficiently, cutting dwn n greenhuse gas emissins frm transprtatin, and becming better infrmed abut recycling.
【解析】可数名词participant前无冠词和人称代词,应用复数形式,表示泛指。
【答案】participants
2. And ne f his sngs, Let the Wrld Be Filled with Lve, has enjyed great ppularity all ver the cuntry fr _________ (decade).
【解析】因fr decades (几十年来) 是固定词组,类似的还有fr years (多年来)。其实,也可以根据可数名词前没有限定词要用复数表示泛指的规则进行判断。
【答案】decades
基础夯实
常见名词后缀
模拟演练
Shanghai is a windw int China that is pen t the wrld. Shanghai is the place where East meets West, 1 where China meets the wrld. Shanghai culture is amazing, and the city is filled with smart peple, dynamic interactins, a 2 (willing) t mve and an appetite fr being mdern while embracing diversity and creating 3 business-friendly envirnment. Shanghai is a peple-centric city. I stayed in Shanghai during the pandemic and nw my perceptin f the city 4 (change) as I experienced a city that cares abut its citizens regardless f their natinality and rigin. I felt 5 (prtect) and safe during the crisis. I was very tuched when Shanghai set up a htline fr freigners t help 6 (they) during the crisis.
Shanghai is a big city in the wrld. While it is 7 (deep) rted in Chinese culture, Shanghai has als mved 8 the times and becme a mdern metrplis. Frm ding sprts and running n Bund t traditinal Chinese art r mdern Western art museums, every activity is feasible in Shanghai. 9 I like the mst are the traditinal wet markets, restaurants 10 (ffer) varius dishes and the numerus cultural activities.
1. and
[解析]考查连词。句意:上海是东西方交汇的地方,也是中国与世界交汇的地方。where East meets West和where China meets the wrld为并列的定语从句,修饰先行词place,故用并列连词and。
2. willingness
[解析]考查名词。句意:上海的文化令人惊叹,这座城市充满了聪明的人,充满活力的互动,人们愿意迁移,渴望现代化,同时包容多样性并创造一个友好的商业环境。根据空前的a可知,空处填名词,表示“意愿”。故填willingness。
3. a
[解析]考查冠词。此处表示“一个友好的商业环境”,所以用不定冠词。故填a。
4. has changed
[解析]考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:疫情期间我住在上海,现在我对这个城市的看法已经改变了,因为我感受到了它是一个关心市民的城市,不管他们的国籍和出身如何。表示“改变”这一动作的结果对现在的影响,故用现在完成时。主语perceptin为单数,故填has changed。
5. prtected
[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意:在危机期间,我感到受到保护和安全。动词prtect与句子主语I构成被动关系,应使用过去分词作感官动词feel的表语,表示主语的状态。故填prtected。
6. them
[解析]考查代词。句意:当上海为外国人开通热线帮助他们渡过危机时,我非常感动。动词help后面要用人称代词的宾格作宾语。故填them。
7. deeply
[解析]考查副词。句意:在深深扎根于中国文化的同时,上海也与时俱进,成为一座现代化的大都市。修饰动词短语be rted in要用副词。故填deeply。
8. with
[解析]考查介词。短语mve with the times表示“顺应时代,顺应潮流”。
9. What
[解析]考查名词性从句。句意:我最喜欢的是传统的市场、提供各种各样菜肴的餐馆和众多的文化活动。分析句子结构可知, 9 I like the mst为主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“什么”,因此用what引导,句首首字母需大写。故填What。
10. ffering
[解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,修饰restaurants,且两者之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填ffering。
真题演练
1.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ___________ (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas,
【答案】ppulatins
【解析】考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词hmes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词ppulatin (种群)的复数的形式。故填ppulatins。
2. (2022新高考II卷)He saved my _________ (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn.
【答案】sn’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词sn之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填sn’s。
3.(2021·天津卷)Great imprvements in public health have been brught abut by ________ in medical science.
A.traditinsB.advancesC.pressuresD.examples
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditins传统;B. advances前进,进步;C. pressures压力;D. examples例子。根据上文“Great imprvements in public health have been brught abut”可知,公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的,advances符合语境。故选B。
4. (2021·新高考I卷)Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng“The Lng and Winding Rad”. What is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
【答案】57. humans
【解析】57 .考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
…….
As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in mine .While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is ____65____ must t visit!
【答案】65.a
【解析】65.考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
5.(2021年全国甲卷)
We hired ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky but did the jb. It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all ___48___ way arund the Xi'an City Wall. Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtwer) t fake pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.
【答案】
48. the
49. watchtwers
【解析】
【48题】考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
【49题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtwer是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtwers。
6.(2020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷)The far side f the mn is f particular 64 (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山),mre s than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be f interest t sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
7. (2020·江苏卷)The health security systems f many cuntries are underging cnsiderable ______.
A. reservatinB. transfrmatinC. distinctinD. submissin
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservatin预订;B. transfrmatin改革,变革;C. distinctin区别;D. submissin提交。根据前文The health security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
8.(2020·山东卷)Histrical 44. (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词histrical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
9.【2019·江苏卷】Nwadays the ___________ fr travelling is shifted frm shpping t fd and scenery.
A. prirityB. ptentialC. prprtinD. pensin
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. pririty优先;优先权;B. ptential潜在的,可能的;C. prprtin比例,占比;D. pensin退休金,抚恤金。故选A。
10.【2019·天津卷】We can bserve that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________n ur lives in many ways.
A. statementB. impact
C. impressinD. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”; impact“强烈的影响,冲击力”; impressin“印象,感想”; judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
11.【2019·新课标I卷】Of ___69___ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins,three are declining,six are (be) stable,ne is increasing,and nine lack enugh data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
12.【2019·新课标I卷】Suddenly ftball feel just in frnt f me but almst hit me.
【答案】 Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me almst hit me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词ftball为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里ftball第一次出现,故在ftball前加a;考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
13.【2019·浙江卷】Everybdy wears___57___ same style f clthes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是“相同的”,常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
14. 【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter hliday,I went t cuntryside with my father t visit my grandparents.
【答案】cuntryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下,故加定冠词the。
【解析】cuntryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下,故加定冠词the。
15. 【2018·浙江卷】F Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in 64 (weigh) prblems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修饰prblems,故填weight。
16. 【2017·新课标卷I】As 65 result,peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示"结果"。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
17.【2016·浙江】It is imprtant t pay yur electricity bill n time ,as late payments may affect yur ______.
A. cnditin B. incme C. credit D. status
【答案】C
【解析】句意:准时付电费很重要,因为付晚了会影响你的信用。cnditin条件;incme收入;credit学分,信用(卡);status地位。根据句意故选C。
18.【2016·天津】The weather frecast says it will be cludy with a slight _____ f rain later tnight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】句意:天气预报说今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选D。
19.【2016·浙江】______prize fr the winner f the cmpetitin is ______tw-week hliday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the,是特指“获胜者的奖品”,用定冠词,第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”,用不定冠词a。故选A。
20.【2016·江苏】— Can yu tell us yur________fr happiness and a lng life?
— Living every day t the full,definitely.
A.recipeB.recrdC.rangeD.receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;recrd记录;range范围;receipt收据,收条。根据句意可知A项"秘诀"符合题意。
21.(2015﹒湖北) When he was running after his brther, the by lst his ___ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B .chance C .memry D .place
【答案】A
【解析】句意:男孩在追他哥哥时,重重的摔了一跤。A项“平衡”;B项“机会”;C项“记忆”;D项“地方”。Lse ne’s balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。
22.(2015﹒湖北)He gave himself a new name t hide his ____ when he went t carry ut the secret task.
A. emtin B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他执行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”;B项“才能”;C项“身份”;D项“财富”。故选C项。
23.(2015﹒安徽)There is n need t tell me yur answer nw. Give it sme ______ and then let me knw.
A. thughtB. supprtC. prtectinD. authrity
【答案】A
【解析】句意:现在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。A思考;B支持;C保护;D权威,当局。这里指让对方再好好想想,故选A。
24.(2015﹒江苏)Sme schls will have t make ______ in agreement with the natinal sccer refrm.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. cmments D. achievements
【答案】B
【解析】句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断,决断”;B项“调整”;C项“评价,评论”;D项“成就”。故选B项。
25.(2015﹒陕西) mre learned a man is, mre mdest be usually becme.
A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the
【答案】A
【解析】句意:一个人越有学识,他就越可能谦虚,使用the+比较级+主谓的句型,所以选A。
26.(2015﹒四川).Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely t be Beethven.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前,表示:一个像…那样的人。故选择A,句意为:Brian在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。
27.(2015﹒浙江) Jane’s grandmther had wanted t write children’s bk fr many years, but ne thing r anther always gt in way.
A. a;不填 B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the
【答案】D
【解析】句意:多年来,简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指,第二个in the way 是固定搭配,意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠词用于泛指。选D。
28.(2015﹒重庆) I just heard____ bank where Dra wrks was rbbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.
A.the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the
【答案】C
【解析】句意为我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个戴面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行,可表示特指,用the;第二空表示一个戴面具的持枪人表示泛指,用a。
29.(2014﹒安徽)—Why nt buy a secndhand car first if yu dn't have enugh mney fr a new ne?
—That's a gd________.
A.saying B.questin C.suggestin D.accunt
【答案】C
【解析】saying谚语,格言,名言;questin问题,议题;suggestin建议;accunt账目,账户。“Why nt d sth?”表示建议做某事。句意:“如果你的钱不够买一辆新车,何不先买辆二手车?”“好建议!”故选C。
30.(2014﹒江苏)She was put under huse arrest tw years ag but remained a pwerful ________ in last year's electin.
A.symbl B.prtrait C.identity D.statue
【答案】A
【解析】句意:虽然2年前就已遭软禁,但她在去年的选举中仍然是有影响力的象征。symbl象征,标志;prtrait肖像,描写; identity身份,同一性; statue雕像,塑像。根据语境可知A项正确。
学习评价:
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名词后缀:动词变名词
-al
apprve→apprval arrive→arrival
-ance/-ence
appear→appearance exist→existence
-tin/-atin
cmpete→cmpetitin
explain→explanatin
-(ss)in
discuss→discussin admit→admissin
-ment
achieve→achievement
argue→argument
-ure/-ture
press→pressure mix→mixture
-y
recver→recvery
discver→discvery
其他
chse→chice vary→variety
名词后缀:形容词变名词
-age
shrt→shrtage
-cy
efficient→efficiency fluent→fluency
-dm
free→freedm wise→wisdm
-ce
different→difference silent→silence
-ness
weak→weakness
careless→carelessness
-th
warm→warmth
-ty/-ity
safe→safety disable→disability
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