专题02 介词和代词 - 备战2024年英语新高考高频易错考点

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02-1介词
技巧1分析具体语境，注意介词含义
1. (2021·浙江卷1月)The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____________ 2.1 in wmen and men.
【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by意为“增加了”；increase t意为“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5－23.9)可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
【答案】by
常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。
1. If yu culd exchange lives ____________ smene fr a shrt time, wuld yu like t d that?
2. (2017全国Ⅲ卷)After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree ____ engineering r architecture.
技巧2 积累介词用法，注意一词多义
1 . Sme species live ____________ cld, humid caves in the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Balkan Peninsula, frming a narrw band acrss Eurpe.
【解析】分析句子可知，空前是谓语动词live，空后是形容词所修辞的名词caves，所以该空需要介词in和后面的caves作live的地点状语。
【答案】in
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时，要注意整理，积累，学会每个介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境灵活选用介词。
1. （2020新课标I卷）because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山)， mre s __________ the familiar near side.
2.（2020新课标II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are mre ___________ decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth.
技巧3体会英语本义，注意固定搭配
1．Under-achieving children have set up emtinal barriers t educatin and, ______ demands by adults, these barriers becme even harder t vercme.
A．in respnse tB．in relatin tC．in cntrast tD．in additin t
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：成绩不佳的孩子为教育设置了情感障碍，而作为对成年人要求的回应，这些障碍变得更加难以克服。A. in respnse t回应、响应；B. in relatin t涉及；C. in cntrast t与……形成对照；D. in additin t除……之外（还有）。根据空后的“demands by adults”可知此处表示“回应成年人的要求”，故选A。
【答案】A
复习时，要系统复习统一介词与不同动词，名词，形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。
1 . _____________ shuld we allw Taiwan t break away frm mainland China.
A．At ne timeB．At n timeC．In n timeD．Frm time t time
2. Shenhu twn is the hme _____ Jun prcelains (钧瓷).
02-2 代词
技巧1句意清，指代明——根据所指对象或根据所作成分填写代词
1. Shi Yan, chief f the Lianing University f TCM, says he supprts internatinal students t participate in such activities, which will help ____________ cmbine knwledge tgether with culture.
【解析】 解析：考查代词。此处指代句中的internatinal students，所以应用them。
【答案】them
通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式
如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物，则用反身代词。
1．As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always
stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in _______ (I).
2．As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine _____________ (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
技巧2 it的用法
1. I'd appreciate ____________ if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
【解析】 句意：如果你能提前告知我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。I'd appreciate it if...为固定句型，意为“如果……，我将不胜感激。” it在该句型中作形式宾语，指代后文if从句的内容。
【答案】it
通过句式结构判断是否填it
1．指代天气、时间、距离等
2．代替上文提到过的事物
3．分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑用it。
4．it的常用固定句型：
·It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋句子其他成分
·It＋be＋形容词＋f/fr sb.t d sth.
·It is n gd/n use/useless/a waste f time ding sth.
·hate/like/enjy it that... 讨厌/喜欢……
·when it cmes t... 当谈到……
·as sb. puts it 正如某人所言
·make it 成功
1．(2021·长郡中学第五次适应性考试) But ____________ was nt nly her sex that kept her lng marginalized and lng unsung.
2．(2021·沈阳质量监测三)The histry f Beijing glassware dates back t the early Ming Dynasty. ____________ is said that when peple smelted (熔炼) brnze, they discvered that sme waste materials culd frm beautiful clrs.
基础夯实
02-1介词
考点一 介词的基本用法
介词的分类及用法
考点二 介词的句法功能
1．介词不能单独使用，但“介词＋宾语”构成的介词短语可在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等；
2．介词后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动词­ing、疑问词＋不定式、wh­从句等。
一、常考介词的用法
1．表示时间的介词
◆(2018·天津卷)The glbal ppulatin is expected t grw t 9.6 billin by 2050, and sme analysts estimate that fd prductin will need t be raised by 50 percent t maintain current levels. 到2050年，全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。
◆In Britain, it's nt unusual t have a business meeting ver breakfast. 在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。
[名师点津] (1)当时间名词前有this、that、last、next、every、each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词；
(2)“n/upn＋名词或动词­ing”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2．表示方位的介词
◆(上海卷)The sunlight came in thrugh the windws in the rf and lit up the whle rm.
阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。
◆(陕西卷改编)The dg jumped ver sme bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was asleep.
狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪，小女孩在那里睡着了。
3．表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料、方式等时，with、by、in、n都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、手段、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、材料、笔墨等；n 多用于固定词组中。
with a pencil 用铅笔
by train/taxi/plane/ship/bike 乘火车/出租车/飞机/
船/骑自行车
in English 用英语
n the radi/TV 通过收音机/电视
n ft 步行
◆Her parents always talk t her in German.
她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。
◆We see with ur eyes, hear with ur ears, and walk with ur legs.
我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
◆During her time in the cave, Stefania had been cmpletely alne except fr tw white mice.
斯特凡尼娅在山洞里的时候，除了两只白鼠，她完全是独自一人。
◆(福建卷)Apart frm gd service, the restaurant ffers different kinds f traditinal Fujian dishes. 除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
[名师点津] (1)but常用于nbdy、nne、n ne、nthing、anything、everyne、all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词d，则省略不定式中的t；
(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外、而且”，在句中常作插入语。
5．表示原因的介词(短语)
表示原因的介词(短语)有：fr、because f、due t、thanks t、wing t、n accunt f、as a result f等。
◆(浙江卷)The pen­air celebratin has been put ff because f the bad weather.
因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
◆Owing t the strm, the flight was delayed fr a cuple f hurs. 由于暴风雨，航班延误了好几个小时。
[名师点津] 上述短语除了due t不仅可以作状语还可以作表语外，其他短语只能作状语。thanks t意为“多亏、幸亏”，多位于句首。
6．其他常考的介词
(1)between、amng表示“在……之间”
between表示“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；amng表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。
◆Keep the clse relatinship between teachers and students. 保持亲密的师生关系。
◆They strlled amng the crwds. 他们在人群中信步而行。
(2)with的用法
(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为。
◆Wuld yu like t g t the theatre with us?
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
◆The small child trembled with fear.
那个小孩吓得发抖。
◆With all the night schl curses available, there is n excuse fr nt getting sme srt f training.
夜校课程一应俱全，没理由不去接受一些培训。
(3)fr的用法
表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就……而言”。
◆The biggest cncern fr mst f us is the quality f public educatin.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量。
(4)withut的用法
表示“没有，缺乏；不和……在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。
◆It is a pity that David is away n business.Anyhw，yu've gt a great deal f time t tur in New Yrk withut him.
很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，他不在，你有大量的时间可以在纽约游览。
(5)against的用法
(表示方位)倚靠着……；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景；逆着。
◆An agreement seems t be impssible because the majrity f the cmmittee members are against it.
看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。
◆We sailed against the wind.
我们逆风航行。
◆The hill lks mre beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。
◆Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。
(6)beynd的用法
(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。
◆Everybdy was tuched beynd wrds after they heard her mving stry.
听了她感人的故事后，大家都被感动得无以言表。
◆Elizabeth has already achieved success beynd her wildest dreams.
伊丽莎白已经取得了她做梦也想不到的成功。
◆(福建卷)Any driver fund drinking beynd the limit will be charged.
任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
固定搭配：beynd reach够不到； beynd recgnitin难以辨认； beynd repair 难以修复；beynd descriptin难以描述； beynd cntrl 失控、无法控制
(7)ff的用法
(表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开。
◆ (重庆卷)She drve s fast at the turn that the car almst went ff the rad.
她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。
(8)despite的用法
表示“尽管”。
◆Despite his advanced years, Yuan Lngping is still yung at heart and full f visin.
虽年事已高，袁隆平仍然保持年轻的心态，满怀憧憬。
二、常考介词固定搭配
高考中的语法填空将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查。介词与动词、介词与形容词、介词与名词形式的搭配是高考考查的重点与难点。
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配
thank sb. fr sth. 为某事感谢某人
把……与……分开
play with 同……一起玩；玩弄
cntribute t 贡献；有助于；促成
prvide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
hld up 举起
rely n 依靠
refer t 提及；参考；查阅
pass by 经过
care abut 关心；介意
feel like 想要
call fr 需要
pay fr 为……付款
apply fr 申请
begin with 以……开始
(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配
1．be＋adj.＋abut
be anxius abut 忧虑……
be curius abut 对……好奇
be particular abut 对……讲究/挑剔
be wrried/cncerned abut 担心……
2．be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 因……生气
be gd at 擅长
be astnished at 对……吃惊
be present at 出席
3．be＋adj.＋in
be absrbed in 专注于……
be active in 积极于……
be dressed in 穿着……
be engaged in 忙于……
be rich in 富含……
be ccupied in 忙于……
4．be＋adj.＋fr
be eager fr 渴望……
be famus fr 以……著名
be fit fr 适合，胜任……
be ready fr 准备好……
be srry fr 对……感到抱歉
be prepared fr 为……做好准备
5．be＋adj.＋frm
be absent frm 缺席
be different frm 不同于
be far frm 远离
be free frm 不受……影响
6．be＋adj.＋t
be clse t 接近……
be devted t 致力于……
be equal t 等于；胜任
be familiar t 对……来说熟悉
be friendly t 对……友好
be harmful t 对……有危害
be kind t 对……友善
be similar t 与……相似
be grateful t 对……心存感激
7．be＋adj.＋f
be aware f 意识到……
be fnd f 喜欢……
be prud f 因……而自豪
be shrt f 缺乏……
8．be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于……
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be cmbined with 与……结合
be patient with 对……有耐心
be ppular with 受……的欢迎
be pleased with 对……感到满意
by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒
(三)介词与名词构成的搭配
1．“at＋n.”表示状态
at a lss 不知所措
at peace 处于和平中
at war 在战争中
at wrk 在工作
2．其他以at开头的介词短语
at the beginning f 在……的开始
at the cst f 以……为代价
at the risk f 冒……的危险
at the mercy f 在……的支配下
3．“n＋n.”表示状态
n exhibitin/shw 在展出
n fire 着火
n sale 出售；打折
n the way 在途中
n the decrease/increase 在减少/增加
n hliday/vacatin 在度假
4．其他以n开头的介词短语
n accunt f 因为
n behalf f 代表
n n accunt/cnditin 决不
5．“by＋n.”表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然
by cincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手
by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
6．“in＋n.”表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地
in height 在高度上
in length 在长度上
in Chinese 用汉语
7．其他以in开头的介词短语
in place f 代替
in pssessin f 拥有，占有
in additin t 另外
in charge f 掌管……
in return fr 作为对……的回报
in spite f 尽管
in exchange fr 作为交换
in fav(u)r f 支持，赞成
in case f 万一；如果，假如
in hn(u)r f 为向……表示敬意
in memry f 为了纪念……
in supprt f 为支持……
8．“f＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
f benefit(＝beneficial) 有益处的
f help(＝helpful) 有帮助的
f imprtance(＝imprtant) 重要的
f significance(＝significant) 有重大意义的
f use(＝useful) 有用的
f value(＝valuable) 有价值的
9．“ut f＋n.”表示状态
ut f balance 失去平衡
ut f breath 上气不接下气
ut f cntrl 不受控制
ut f date 过时
ut f rder 出故障
ut f sight 看不到
ut f the questin 不可能
ut f questin 毫无疑问
ut f wrk 失业
10．“under＋n.”表示被动
under attack 遭到袭击
under pressure 在压力下
under treatment 在治疗中
under cntrl 处于控制之下
11．“with＋n.”表示行为方式
with delight/jy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
with ease 轻而易举地
with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 乐意地
12．“beynd＋n.”表示“超出……，难以……”
beynd cmpare 无与伦比
beynd reach 够不到
beynd descriptin 难以描述
beynd expressin/wrds 难以表达
(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配
next t 紧挨着
in between 在中间，在两者之间
instead f 代替
apart frm 除……之外
regardless f 不管，不顾
accrding t 根据
alng with 随着
tgether with 连同
but fr 要不是
up t 直到；由……而定
(五)易用错的介词
with the help f 在……的帮助下
under the leadership f 在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章
a hle in the wall 墙上的一个洞
a bird in the tree 树上的一只鸟
apples n the tree 树上的苹果
tickets fr the cncert 音乐会的票
in the directin f 朝着……的方向
set an example t sb. 给某人树立榜样
02-2代词
考点01人称代词
人称代词形式
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。
2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。
考点02物主代词
物主代词形式
1. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”可单独充当句子的主语，表语和宾语。
考点03反身代词
反身代词形式
1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
考点04 相互代词(each ther，ne anther)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each ther’s，ne anther’s，作定语。
一般来说，each ther指两者之间，ne anther指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
考点05指示代词(this，that，these，thse，such，same)
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词this(these)和that(thse)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(thse)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
③为了避免重复，常用that或thse代替前面已提过的名词。
④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词s。
模拟演练
02-1介词
Ⅰ、单项选择
1．Under-achieving children have set up emtinal barriers t educatin and, ______ demands by adults, these barriers becme even harder t vercme.
A．in respnse tB．in relatin tC．in cntrast tD．in additin t
2．—Hw d yu study English?
—I study English talking with freign students.
A．byB．nC．atD．up
3． _____ the temperature falling s rapidly, we culdn’t g n with the experiment.
A．SinceB．FrC．AsD．With
4．It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas still leads a simple life _______ his great wealth.
A．thughB．despiteC．thanks tD．even if
5．Many peple are _______ the new plicy.
A．in favr fB．in hnr fC．in search fD．in case f
6．One shuld aplgize ______ his taking the wrng glass at the party .
A．tB．nC．frD．f
7．______ the heavy rain, they cntinued t walk.
A．Thanks tB．DespiteC．ThughD．Due t
8．_____________ shuld we allw Taiwan t break away frm mainland China.
A．At ne timeB．At n timeC．In n timeD．Frm time t time
9．I wuld rather be alne than have a false friend ________.
A．t keep cmpanyB．n cmpany
C．with cmpanyD．fr cmpany
10．Mrs. Smith rewarded the by________$10________ bringing back the lst dg.
A．at; fB．with; frC．fr; withD．fr; fr
Ⅱ、语法填空
11.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ______ earth, Mther Nature.
12.Due t the grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types ______ trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
13.The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ______ 2.1 in wmen and men.
14.The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s ______ the familiar near side.
15.Bamb plants are assciated ______ health, abundance and a happy hme.
16.Sme time after 10, 000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived______ , thrugh agriculture.
17.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans t retire ______ her 36-year-ld business.
18.The Chinese calculatr’s name is “suanpan”, but it is knwn ______ “abacus” in English. Invented by Liu Hng, abacus is ne f the symbls f Chinese peple’s wisdm dating back t the 12th century.
19.______ Xingan aiming t becme a "smart, green and residents-friendly" city that faces the future, the Xingan Railway Statin, the landmark f the area, resembles a mdel fr such a future.
20.While it is deeply rted in Chinese culture, Shanghai has als mved ______the times and becme a mdern metrplis Frm ding sprts and running n Bund t traditinal Chinese art r mdern Western art museums, every activity is feasible in Shanghai.
21.As the 37． (three) slar term in the lunar year, its name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened 39． spring thunder and that the earth begins t cme back t life.
22.The study's Danish researchers are cnvinced that chsing this kind f physical activity can reward us______ 5 t 6 mre years f life!
23.Xing, a visually disabled yung wman wh started learning the pian at the age f 6, said her idl was Beethven, wh went cmpletely deaf later and their physical challenges led bth f them t establish a cnnectin with the utside wrld ______music.
Ⅲ、短文改错
24. I lent t her sme mney in rder that she culd g fr a hliday.
_________________________________________________________________________
25. The biggest prblem was in that almst all cmmunicatin systems were destryed.
_________________________________________________________________________
26. It was very kind fr them t invite me t visit their cuntry.
_________________________________________________________________________
27. The by wanted t jin in the army but was turned dwn because he was under age.
_________________________________________________________________________
28. I just culdn’t laugh t his jkes the way I used t.
_________________________________________________________________________
02-2 代词
Ⅰ、单项选择
1. “Made in China 2025” aims t transfrm China frm a prduct-making factry int a prduct-making pwer, ______ driven by innvatin and emphasizing quality ver quantity.
A. the ne that B. ne that
C. ne D. the ne
2．The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different frm _______ made by Japanese students in English study.
A.itB.thatC.nesD.thse
3．—_________that students are interested in shuld be encuraged.
—_________. Smetimes we shuld make it clear what is nt allwed.
A.Anything; I can’t agree mreB.Nthing; That’s fr sure
C.Nt all; I can’t agreeD.Nt everything; Exactly
4．Befre _______ std a terrible man; the little girl culd d nthing _______.
A.she;but cryB.her;but cry
C.she;but t cryD.her;but crying
5．The yield f the new rice is much greater than f ther types f rice grwn in Pakistan.
A.neB. thatC. itD. what
Ⅱ、语法填空
Fr thse 1 have seen War fr the Planet f the Apes, it’s easy t cme t this cnclusin---the mvie isn’t abut war r the planet, and it’s nt 2 (necessary) even abut the apes. The mvie is abut 3 (survive) and the chices we all make when ne wants t survive, gd r bad.
With a stry that shuld have been full f cnflict and vilence, it takes a different apprach. Yu may find 4 (yu) expsed t small pckets f actin. While recent sci-fi mvies have becme 5 (knw) fr their actin and scenes, War fr the Planet f the Apes has taken science fictin 6 a thughtful and intelligent directin.
War fr the Planet f the Apes may nt be the actin and mnster film that yu had in mind, 7 it’s the kind f film that will make yu want t sit in silence in the theater fr a few minutes after it ends, taking in 8 yu’ve just witnessed.
The few mvies that have that effect 9 (be) usually abut humans, but this film enables peple 10 (feel) that way abut apes. And that is what makes it a masterpiece.
Ⅲ、短文改错
1.I think that accepting failure is that we need t d first befre we succeed eventually.
2.We shuld be grateful t them in return fr which they have dne fr us.
3.The father and his sn all shk my hand and thanked me again and again.
4.Peple f all ages happily walk alng the pavement with their attentin fcused n the mbile phnes, quite unaware f that is ging n arund them.
5.I miss yu very much and thus I’m writing t tell yu anything abut my new life at cllege.
6.Frm that I understand， peple are destrying thusands f square kilmeters f trees every day.
7.My uncle gave my cusins and me sme wine and said,“Nw enjy yurself, but dn’t get drunk! ”
8.Buses shuld have its wn special lanes t facilitate public transprt.
9.Jhn is a taxi driver in Lndn. Last week her mther gave him tw tickets fr a play.
10.Smetimes it is necessary t read a bk mre than nce in rder t absrb it’s full benefit.
11.We Chinese peple call us descendants f the dragn, hping that we are brave and pwerful enugh t succeed.
12.A man was selling fresh fish and a lt f buyers were crwding arund him chsing what he wanted.
13.He had a deep vice, which set himself apart frm thers in ur small twn.
14.Last mnth,I gave sme f my clthes t a girl wh needed it because her parents didn’t have mney t buy her new clthes.
真题演练
专题11 代词、介词和介词短语
【2022年】
1.（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas als serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China.
【2021年】
1.（2021·天津卷）Pruitt tries t give his dnatins t families that are truly struggling. 30 simply satisfying a material need, he has prvided an pprtunity fr kids in his neighbrhd t learn hw t fix their wn bikes.
A．Withut B．Beynd C．UpnD．Amng
2.（2021·全国甲卷）…… Many students say they will talk t their friend r classmates because they’re f the same age and can understand each ther. Sme will tum ut t their parents r teachers fr help. Only a little chse t deal with the prblems n ur wn……
3. (2021·新高考I卷)As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in ____64____(I).While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is a must t visit!
4. (2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restred（修复）t its 1860 appearance, the huse was Abraham and Mary Lincln's hme fr 17 years. In 1844 they bught it ___37___ $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their marriage ceremny in 1842.
………
5.（2021年全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecturism has ___63___(it)rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envirnmental awareness made it desirable.
Due t ___65___ grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types ___66___ trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
1.（2020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷）The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s 65 the familiar near side.
2.（2020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷）Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether 70 (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
3.（2020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷）After that I pured il int a pan and turned ff the stve， I waited patiently unless the il was ht.
4.（2020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷）＂Nt that way，＂my mm tried t stp us but failed.
5.（2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are mre 64 decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth.
6.（2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷）Then I can spare sme time t learn it again, such that we can practice tgether n every day.
7.（2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷）Best f luck with yurs learning kung fu in China.
8.（2020·新课标 = 3 \* ROMAN III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mther Nature.
9. （2020·江苏卷）Taking n this challenge will bring yu _____ smene wh shares yur interests.
A. in exchange frB. in answer tC. in cntact withD. in memry f
10. （2020·江苏卷）This actr ften has the first tw tricks planned befre perfrming, and then ges fr ______.
A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whereverD. whatever
11．（2020·天津卷）Fr my fifth birthday, my mther baked me a cake ______ a mnkey.
A．in the shape fB．beynd the reach f
C．at the mercy fD．n the side f
12.（2020·山东卷）As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in histry r 43（walking）(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
13.（2020·山东卷）Museums must cmpete 45 peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements.
14.（2020·浙江卷）Sme time after 10，000 BC，peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived 56． ，thrugh agriculture.56．
【2019年】
1.【2019·天津卷·】A study shws the students wh are engaged in after-schl activities are happier than _________wh are nt.
A. nesB. thse
C. theseD. them
2.【2019·江苏卷·】Favrable plicies are ___________ t encurage emplyees' prfessinal develpment.
A. in effectB. in cmmandC. in turnD. in shape
3.【2019·新课标I卷】Mdem methds ___63___ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive t perfrm (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
4.【2019·新课标I卷】Scientists have respnded by nting (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.
5.【2019·新课标III卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dgs，seven t be exact.
6.【2019·浙江卷】But can unifrms help imprve schl standards? The answer ___61___ this questin is nt clear.
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】—Gd mrning, Mr. Lee’s ffice.
—Gd mrning. I’d like t make an appintment _________ next Wednesday afternn.
A. fr B. n C. in D. at
2.【2018·天津】Bb thught he culdn't g t the party because he had t write a reprt, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all
C. abve all D. at randm
3.【2018·江苏】China’s sft pwer grws _______ the increasing appreciatin and understanding f China glbally.
A. in line with B. in reply t
C. in return fr D. in hnur f
4.【2018·新课标III卷】I was searching ___67___ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving.
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】1When yu drive thrugh the Redwd Frests in Califrnia, yu will be _____ trees that are ver 1,000 years ld.
A. amng B. against C. behind D. belw
2.【2017·江苏卷】Determining where we are _______ ur surrundings remains an essential skill fr ur survival.
A. in cntrast t B. in defense f C. in face f D. in relatin t
3.【2017·北京卷】Many peple wh live alng the cast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. n D. by
【2016年】
1.【2016·天津】The dictinary is ______: many wrds have been added t the language since it was published.
A. ut f cntrl B. ut f date C. ut f sight D. ut f reach
2.【2016·浙江】In many ways, the educatin system in the US is nt very different frm ____in the UK.
A. that B. this C. ne D. it
3.【2016·浙江】That yung man is hnest , cperative , always there when yu need his help .______, he's reliable.
A. Or else B. In shrt C. By the way D. Fr ne thing
4.【2016·浙江】The study suggests that the cultures we grw up _______influence the basic prcesses by which we see wrld arund us.
A. n B. in C. at D. abut
5.【2016·浙江】I have always enjyed all the events yu rganized and I hpe t attend in the cming years
A. little mre B. n mre C.much mre D.many mre
学习评价：
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分类
定义
例子
简单介词
由一个词构成的介词
at、n、in、after、befre、with、 fr、 t等
合成介词
由两个词合在一起构成的介词
inside、int、nt、nearby、within、 withut等
双重介词
由两个简单介词组合在一起构成的介词
frm behind、until after、frm amng等
分词介词
有一部分动词­ing形式具备介词的特质，在很多情况下，被视为介词
including、 cnsidering、regarding、 cncerning等
短语介词
由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类构成，在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词
at the back f、 instead f、because f、 in place f、thanks t、 as a result f、in frnt f等
介词
用法
at
表示时间点、时刻等。如at 6 'clck、 at daybreak等
n
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。如n Mnday afternn、n a rainy day mrning等
in
表示在某段较长的时间内。如in the 20th century、in winter、in September、in the mrning等
in/after＋时间段
表示“在……之后”。“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用；“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用
since
后接时间点，表示“自从……以来”
fr
后接时间段，表示“长达……”
until/till
直到……
by
到……为止、不迟于……
during
在……期间
befre
在……之前
ver
在……期间、直到……结束
thrugh
一直，自始至终
介词
用法
at
后常接相对较小的地方
in
后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
n
意为“在……上”(反义词：beneath)
acrss
意为“从……的表面穿过，在……对面”
thrugh
意为“从……的内部穿过”
ver
意为“从……的上面跨过”(反义词：under)
abve
指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词：belw)
介词(短语)
用法
besides
意为“除……之外(还有)”，相当于in additin t
except
意为“除……之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but
意为“除……之外”(＝except)
apart frm
既可相当于besides或in additin t，也可相当于except fr
ther than
意为“除……之外(别无)”
数、格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
yu
yu
yu
yur
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
意义
类别
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
yur
his
her
its
ur
yur
their
名词性
mine
yurs
his
hers
urs
yurs
theirs
人称
数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yurself
himself/herself/itself
复数
urselves
yurselves
themselves