专题06 定语从句 -备战2024年英语新高考高频易错考点

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【导入】
“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词
1．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用wh/that，非限制性定语从句中用wh。
2．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm，非限制性定语从句中用whm。
3．如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that，非限制性定语从句中用which。
4．如果先行词指时间，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，定语从句中用when；如果先行词指地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，则定语从句中用where；如果定语从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。
5．无论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whse。
6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whm；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
技巧1 关系副词引导的定语从句
1. Then the day came ______ I finally realized I had t make a change.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：后来有一天，我终于意识到我必须做出改变。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。
故填：when。
【答案】when
(1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词pint，psitin，situatin, stage, state, case, scene，spt 等后也常用where引导定语从句。
He said if we ever gt t the pint where we needed t use life jackets, he wuld have already died f terrr.
他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。
(2)the reasn作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。
The bss desn't want t hear any reasn (that/which) yu might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
1. We reached Quebec n the eighth day, _________ mst peple speak French.
2. The plan is designed t created an atmsphere, ________ the staff are mtivated t wrk hard.
技巧2 关系代词whse引导的定语从句
1 . We’ll talk abut a particular type f cmfrt fd ______ pwer tend t be linked with psitive emtins.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一种特殊类型的舒适食品，其功效往往与积极情绪有关。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是fd，指物，在从句中作pwer的定语，应用关系代词whse引导。
故填：whse。
【答案】whse
关系代词指代的对象及其作用
1. (2015﹒四川)The bks n the desk, cvers are shiny, are prizes fr us.
A.which B. what C. whse D. that
2. In this article, we will talk abut a particular type f cmfrt fd ________ pwer mainly lies in the assciatins it calls t mind.
基础夯实
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
一、关系代词的基本用法
The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
My eldest sn, whse wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。
易错提示
as用在限制性定语从句中时,常用于下列句式:such+名词+as...（像……一样的;像……之类的）;the same+名词+as...（和……同样的）
二、that和which的用法区别
Readers attracts s many audiences， which means that it becmes mre and mre ppular in China.
《读者》杂志吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。
三、as和which的区别
As the ld saying ges, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。”
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
易错提示
当先行词为situatin、case、stage、pint等,且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时,常用关系副词where引导。
Their child is at the stage where she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.他们的孩子处于能说个别单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。
考点三 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
一、“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。此类结构常见的有“sme/several/a few/a little/many/mre/mst/the largest+f+which/whm”等形式。
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f which has been prved.科学家们提出了很多关于为什么人类在哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论都尚未得到证实。
Many yung peple, mst f whm were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远的地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
二、在非限制性定语从句中，whse修饰物时可以转换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。
The newly-built café， whse walls（=the walls f which） are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
易错提示
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whm，且不能省略。
September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1．Oppsite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ yu can hear sme lvely music.
A．whmB．whseC．asD．where
2.There are a great number f attractins in Tianjin, ______ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best.
A．whichB．whereC．amng themD．amng which
3.After a 57-day hiking, the explrers finally reached a place, ________ they believed was the Suth Ple.
A．whichB．whereC．thatD．as
4.Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities ______ they can gain experience fr grwth.
A．whenB．whereC．whichD．why
5.I think yu've gt t the pint________ a change is needed, therwise yu'll fail.
A．whenB．whereC．thatD．which
6.Tu Yuyu was awarded the Nbel Prize, ________ is cnsidered ne f the highest internatinal hnurs a persn can receive.
A．thatB．whatC．whichD．where
7.There are hundreds f scenes in English nvels ________ characters walk thrugh a landscape f fallen leaves, which mirrrs their feelings.
A．thatB．whereC．whichD．when
8.He ften ges t schl by bike, ________ helps him keep fit.
A．whereB．whichC．whenD．that
9.Here are fur experiments we have t finish befre June 6th, ________ tw shuld be dne in the wild.
A．f whichB．whseC．in whichD．that
10.I place thse phts taken with my friends ________ I can see them every day s that it culd remind me f thse beautiful days.
A．whatB．thatC．whenD．where
11.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.
A．whereB．whichC．thatD．when
12.He may have missed the train, ________ he wn’t arrive in anther hur.
A．in which caseB．in that case
C．under which cnditinD．n that ccasin
Ⅱ、语法填空
1Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—______ wrks alngside her in the family business —said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award.
2.The Crescent Spring, ______beauty attracts turists frm hme and abrad, has becme a rmantic paradise fr visitrs.
3.The sample, ______ includes 1,700 grams f lunar rcks and sil, is larger than previus nes.
4.It marked the successful cnclusin f China’s current three-step lunar explratin prgram f rbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, ______ began in 2004.
5.The rising number f wild birds in the reserve has brught a benefit fr birdwatchers, ______ are able t spt riental strks (东方白鹤) and ther wild birds even utside the reserve.
6.As the weather gets warmer and the air becmes drier, peple tend t feel their muths and tngues are dry, ______ can cause clds r cughs.
7.Practising yga r Tai Chi can help t keep ur bdies supple, ______in turn can lwer jint pain and help t prtect us frm injury.
8.The 2020 Summer Olympics, ______ were planned fr this summer in Tky, have been frmally put ff until 2021 because f COVID-19.
9.In Aug 2019, Liang wn the gld medal at the 45th Wrld Skills Cmpetitin in Electrnics in Kazan, Russia, ______is the biggest vcatinal educatin and skills excellence event in the wrld, rganized every secnd year by the Wrld Skills Internatinal with an aim t shw the skills and prmte career f yuth.
10.The mst famus f these is the Great Red Spt, ______ is s big that Earth culd fit inside it.
11.While flying thrugh the wind, it prduced sund like the music prduced by gu – zheng, ______ is a traditinal Chinese musical instrument.
12.The valley including a museum claims t be the nly place ______visitrs can safely bserve wild Asian elephants.
Ⅲ、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It's never been s imprtant t spend time utside,1．that's because it's the nly place t experience different scenes r fr the mental and physical gd prvided by fresh air and exercise. It's nt always easy t be2．(mtivate), which, hwever, is where nature cllecting can help.
Start by lking3．(clsely) at the flwers in yur garden r trees n yur street than ever befre. Hw many species r unusual features can yu spt? Pick up a fallen leaf r examine a pretty flwer. Allw yurself time4．(stp), breathe, switch n yur sensry antenna(触角) and cnnect with the bigger picture. Make5．extra effrt t lk, listen, smell, tuch and taste. When yu frm new habits, why nt set yurself the challenge f cllecting and identifying 100 natural6．(treasure) ver the seasns,7．(use) sme relevant knwledge?
When it8．(cme) t displaying yur finds, there are many methds t explre, frm cntainer displays, and pressed-flwer art9．ther wrks f art. Yu can als take phts r make drawings f live animals, rare plants r ther items,10．yu think need t stay in the wild, such as seashells and pebbles(鹅卵石) n the beach. Make it persnal and, abve all, enjy!
真题演练
【2022年】
1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
2（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes ________ we can learn withut repeating them.
A．frm whichB．in whichC．with whmD．fr whm
2．（2021·天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.
A．whereB．whichC．thatD．when
3.（2021年浙江1月卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study f 33 years f trends in Bdy Mass Index (体重指数) acrss 200 cuntries, the scientists fund that peple wrldwide are getting heavier 28． that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.
【2020年】
1. （2020·江苏卷）Many lessns are nw available nline, frm __________ students can chse fr free.
A. whseB. whichC. whenD. whm
2. （2020·天津卷）Dr. Rwan, __________ secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
A. whseB. f whmC. f whichD. which
3. （2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almst lifelike.
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered int an age _______ dreams have the best chance f cming true.
A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that
2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what
3.【2019·新课标I卷】One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund.
4.【2019·新课标II卷】Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield， ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les.
5.【2019·新课标III卷】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
6.【2019·新课标III卷】 In the cafe, custmers will enjy themselves in the histrical envirnment what is created fr them.
7.【2019·浙江卷】On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___58___gives ff light in the dark.
8.【2019·北京卷】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
9.【2019·北京卷】The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse ___9___ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle t wrk, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. wh C. as D. that
2.【2018·天津】Kae, _________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
A. whm B. thatC. whse D. her
3.【2018·江苏】 Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
A. that B. whereC. which D. when
4.【2018·新课标I卷】Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes (cause).
5.【2018·新课标I卷】They als had a small pnd which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by selling the fish.
6.【2018·新课标II卷】The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment _started_ (start) a sil-testing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
7.【2018·新课标II卷】Many westerners 57 cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京卷】The little prblems ______ we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
2.【2017·江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f _______ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
A. which B. it’s C. whse D. whm
3.【2017·天津】My eldest sn, _______ wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
A. that B. whse C. his D. wh
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】 I live next dr t a cuple ________ children ften make a lt f nise.
A. whse B. why C. where D. which
2.【2016·江苏】Many yung peple, mst ______were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
A.f whichB. f themC. f whmD. f thse
3.【2016·浙江】 Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears , nne f ______ has been prved.
A. whm B. which C. what D. that
4.【2016·天津】We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
学习评价：
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先行词
关系
副词
在从句中
的作用
与“介词＋关系
代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等
when
作时间状语
＝at/in/n/
during which
表示场所的名词：park，place，cuntry，huse等
where
作地点状语
＝in/at/t/n which
表示理由的名词：the reasn
why
作原因状语
＝fr which
关系代词
指代对象
在从句中的作用
wh
人
作主语、宾语、表语
whm
人
作宾语
which
事物
作主语、宾语
that
人或事物
作主语、宾语、表语
whse
人或事物
作定语
as
人或事物，一般用于“such ... as” “the same ... as” “as ... as”结构中
作主语、宾语、表语
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
wh
人
主语、宾语、表语
whm
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语、表语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whse
人或物
定语
as
人、物或事
主语、宾语、表语
只用that的情况
先行词是all、few、little、much、smething、anything、nthing等不定代词时
先行词被the nly、the very、the same、all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级、被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词前有介词时
as
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，像……”。常作实义动词（如see、knw、expect、say等）的宾语。
which
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。
关系副词
用法
例句
when
指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于“in/at/n/during+
which”
The days are gnewhenphysical strength was all yu needed t make a living.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。
where
指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于“in/at/n/t+which”
Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain valuable experience.
学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。
why
指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于“fr+which”
D yu knw the reasnwhyhe didn’t attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗?