中考英语专项复习第12讲被动语态课件

这是一份中考英语专项复习第12讲被动语态课件，共30页。PPT课件主要包含了一 被 动 语 态，文本信息，点击此处输入文本信息，三 实战演练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.能够被动语态的基本结构和各种时态的被动语态； 2.掌握被动语态的使用。
学习目标
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系，英语中动词分为主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，即当主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态（某人做某事） 被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，即当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。
（1）被动语态的基本句式被动语态的基本构成形式为‘ be+及物动词的过去分词“。其否定，肯定等各种句式如下：
① 肯定句式被动语态的肯定句式：主语+be+过去分词+ was invited t the party ② 否定句式被动语态的否定句式：主语+be+nt+过去分词+、This car was nt made in China.
③ 一般疑问句式被动语态的一般疑问句式为：Be+主语+过去分词+ the bl written by Lu Xun？④ 特殊疑问句式被动语态的特殊疑问句式为：特殊疑问词（不作主语）+be+主语+过去分词+ was the telephne invented?特殊疑问词（作主语）+be+过去分词+ was stlen last night？
【注意】谓语部分含有情态动词的被动语态的肯定句式为：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词否定句式为在情态动词后面加nt，疑问句把情态动词提到主语的前面。English can be learned frm the Internet. The bks mustn’t be taken ut f the libraryShuld yur hmewrk be finished befre six?When can my cmputer be reparied？
（2）各种时态的被动语态
被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化
以上为初中阶段常见的各种时态的被动语态。根据各地实际情况要求学生去掌握或了解。部分时态的被动语态了解即可，一般仅出现在阅读题目中。
(3)被动语态的用法① 不知或不必提及动作的执行者或动作执行者很模糊时The bk was published in 2018The sng is said t be very ppular abrad②强调动作的承受者时当强调动作的承受者时，将承受者作为谈话中心时，用被动语态。此类句子常有一个by引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可省略。The bk was written by Whitman.Bks and newspapers in the reading rm mustnt be taken away.③出于礼貌或委婉，避免说出动作的执行着
The windw glass was brken this mrningI have been tld many times nt t make nises.有人多次告诉我不要吵闹④ 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, cnsider, expect, reprt, say, suppse, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”, 如It is said that…据说……It is reprted that…据报道……It is believed that…大家相信……It is hped that…大家希望……It is well-knwn that…众所周知……It is thught that…大家认为……It is suggested that…据建议……
（4）主动语态与被动语态的转换① 记忆口诀：主谓宾，要分清，宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。具体所遵循的如下5个步骤： （1）先确定主动句的主语、谓语、宾语，找出主动中的谓语动词。（2）把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，则应把宾格变为主格。（3）把主动句中谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。（4）把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。（5）其它的句子成分（定语、状语）不变。
② 带有复合宾语的句子，即主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 结构转变为被动语态时。将主句中的宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语不变仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。We made Mr White leader f the team. 被动语态：Mr White was made leader f the teamHe cut his hair shrt. 被动语态：His hair was cut shrtWe asked Jenny t sing anther sng.被动语态：Jenny was asked t t sing anther sng.We find the bk very useful. 被动语态The bk is fund very useful.
【注意】此类结构若主动句中有感官动词see/hear/watch/feel/ntice等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动语态中不带t，但在变被动语态时，t必须还原。后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。They watched the girl sing and dance that mrning.→The girl were watched t sing and dance that mrning.They made Peter wrk hard.→Peter was made t wrk hardWe heard Amy playing the pian in her rm. →Amy was heard playing the pian in her rm.
③含有双宾语的句子转化为被动语态即句子结构为：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。She gave me a nice gift或She gave a nice gift t meI was given a nice gift 另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，如上句可改成：A nice gift was given t me by her.这种把直接宾语（指物）变为主语的时候，又可分为两种：
标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改。文字数字大小颜色参考此模板
一种时转换为带介词t的结构，主要动词有give，shw，send，pass，lend'，take，bring等主动语态：He sent me an e-mail / He sent an e-mail t me间接宾语作主语： I was sent an e-mail by him直接宾语作主语：An e-mail was send t me by him另一种转化为带介词fr的结构，主要动词有buy，make，find，get，pay，draw等主动语态：My father bught a cmputer fr me yesterday./My father bught me a cmpeter yesterday.(直接宾语作主语) A cmputer was bught fr me by my father yesterday.(间接宾语作主语) I was bught a cnputer by my father yesterday
④含有短语动词的句子在变为被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省去。常见的此类短语动词有：take care f, lk after, take ff, lk at, , lk up, think f, wrk ut, laugh at，pick up，lk dwn upn，make use f，play a part in，pay attentin t等。He tk care f his sick mther yesterday被动语态：His mther was taken care f yesterdayWe shuld pay attentin t the fllwing prblems被动语态：The fllwing prblems shuld be paid attentin t
（6）不可转化为被动句的主动句情况
①主动句的谓语动词是连系动词（feel, lk, sund, seem, becme等）、不及物动词（happen, disappear等）、表示状态的及物动词（have, wn，want， rise, hld等）或某些动词短语（cme true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等）时The stry was happened in 2009.（错）The stry happened in 2009.（对）We wn a beautiful garden.②受宾语限制的句子当句子的宾语是反身代词，相互代词，表示地点的名词，不定式短语，动词ing形式等时，一般不能转化为被动句
如：The wman intrduced herself as Mrs. Lee. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。不可变成：Herself was intrduced herself as Mrs. Li.（误）They help each ther t study math. 不可变成：Each ther is helped t study Math.（误）
（5）主动形式表被动意义
①某些连系动词，如sund ，taste ，feel，lk，smell，seem等The clth feels smth 布摸起来光滑②当主语为物时，动词为shut，draw，cut，sell, write, cut, pen, lck, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时，用主动形式表被动意义，用来表示主语（某物）的内在品质，性能，性质，特征等。这种词后常有副词修饰。The dr lcks easily 门好锁The bk desn’t sell well 卖的不好
③某些表示”发生”的不及物动词或动词短语，如happen，take place。The stry happened in the 1980sGreat changes have taken place in the city in the past few years
④ 动词不定式在某些些形容词，如easy, difficult, hard, gd, impssible, heavy 等的后面，且不定式与主语有动宾关系时，要用主动形式表被动意义。This questin is difficult t answer. This bx is heavy t carry.
⑤ 某些动词的结构含有被动意义，如sth. need/ want/ require ding相当于sth. need/ want/ require t be dne (不定式的被动结构)。The classrm needs cleaning. = The classrm needs t be cleaned. ⑥ be wrth ding 值得做某事中的ding表示被动意义。The bk is wrth reading by everyne.⑦get+过去分词表示被动语态，这种结构一般只表示动作。Be careful nt t get burned in the sunI gt caught in a heavy rain last night 昨晚淋了大雨
（6）被动形式表主动意义①英语中有一些短语常以被动形式出现，但表示主动意义She is usually dressed in white. 常常一袭白衣The by was seated by the windw 小孩坐在窗户旁② 英语中一些表示情感，态度的过去分词，其用法及意义相当于形容词。作表语时与被动语态的形式相同，但表主动意义。I am pleased t meet yu at the partyAre yu satisfied with the wrk？
（7）被动语态与系表结构的区别
此处的系表结构是指：连系动词+用作表语的过去分词结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样，所有在应用时要注意。①被动语态中的过去分词多强调动作，而系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多表示状态。I was interested by the jke.这个笑话是我很感兴趣(被动语态强调动作）I am interested in literature （系表结构表状态）②被动语态常有介词by引出动作的发出者，而系表结构中没有动作的发出者，所以常见其它介词如abut，at，in，n ，with，ver，t等
I was interested by what yu shwed me （被动语态）I am interested in cllecting stamps（系表结构）③被动语态常用greatly，much等修饰，而系表结构由very，quite，rather，t，s，mre，mst等修饰We were greatly mved by what the little by did（被动语态)I am quite satified with yur hmewrk (系表结构）
④句中带有时间，地点或方式状语时，多半为被动语态The dr was clsed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）The dr was clsed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态）⑤系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。The prblem will be discussed next week.
1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day fr peple aged ver 60 fr free in this village.A．prvidesB．prvidedC．is prvidedD．was prvided2．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back t China n April 27th, 2023.A．is brughtB．was brughtC．will be brught
3．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Sand turns t glass when it ________ by lightning.A．hitsB．is hitC．is hittingD．will be hit4．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Sme phts f the mn ________ in the Space Club next week.A．shwsB．is shwingC．were shwnD．will be shwn