2022年北京高考英语真题及答案

这是一份2022年北京高考英语真题及答案，共11页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One Mnday mrning, while the children were enjying “free play”, I stepped tthe drway f the classrm t take a break. Suddenly, I 1 a mvement f theheavy wden dr. This was the very dr I 2 guided the children thrugh tensure their safety frm the bitter cld. I felt a chill ( 寒意 ) g thrugh my bdy.
My legs carried me t that dr, and I pushed it pen. It was ne f mykindergarteners wh I thught was 3 that day. He had been drpped ff atschl late and was 4 t pen the dr.
He must have been waiting there fr quite a while! Withut a wrd, I rushed him tthe hspital. He was treated fr frstbite n his hands. He’d need time t 5 , andwuldn’t cme fr class the next day, I thught.
The next mrning, ne f the first t 6 was my little frstbitten by. Ntnly did he run in with energy, but his 7 culd be heard as lud as ever! I gavehim a warm hug and tld him hw 8 I was t see him. His wrds have stayedwith me all these years, “I knew yu wuld pen the dr.”
That cld Mnday mrning, he waited a lng, lng while fr adults t 9 .T a child, every minute feels like frever. He didn’t attempt t walk back hme; hewaited and trusted. This five-year-ld taught me a pwerful lessn in 10 .
1．A．caused B．sptted C．checked D．imagined
2．A．hesitantly B．randmly C．dizzily D．carefully
3．A．angry B．absent C．special D．nisy
4．A．curageus B．cntent C．unable D．unwilling
5．A．recver B．play C．change D．wait
6．A．settle B．gather C．arrive D．react
7．A．sneeze B．weep C．cmplaint D．laughter
8．A．lucky B．happy C．curius D．nervus
9．A．shw up B．pull up C．hld up D．line up
10．A．gratitude B．frgiveness C．faith D．kindness
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Helen was walking dwn the street late 11 the evening, her arms filledwith grcery bags. Fcused n balancing the bags, she didn’t ntice her wallet fallingut f her pcket. As Helen walked n, she heard a man charging twards her. Fearfulthat he might have an intentin 12 (harm) her, Helen started t run. Eventually,the man 13 (catch) up with her, and he was nly trying t return her wallet!
B
Why d humans prefer sme smells ver thers? One thery, increasingly 14 (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easyt explain hw we determine 15 smells are dangerus r nt: we learn. Thishas been adpted t ensure easier detectin f gas leaks. Gas naturally 16 (have) n recgnisable smell. Hwever, a strng smell is added s that we canraise the alarm when we detect the smell assciated with danger.
C
Since peple can’t always eat ut r ck fr 17 (they), they get takeut rrder delivery. Mre takeut and mre fd delivery equal mre waste, especiallyplastic waste. That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f 18 are nly gdfr ne use. That’s a big prblem and it is getting even 19 (bad). The use fthse plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The wrld wn’t survive ifthis situatin cntinues.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessins (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning prgrammeavailable t students enrlled ( 注册 ) in mst cre units f study in ur business schl.
PASS invlves weekly sessins where yu wrk in grups t tackle speciallyprepared prblem sets, based arund a unit f study yu’re enrlled in.
PASS desn’t re-teach r deliver new cntent. It’s an pprtunity t deepen yurunderstanding f the key pints frm lecture materials while yu are applying yurskills t slve prblems.
Yu wrk interactively with yur peers. As a peer grup, yu decide what iscvered in each sessin. That way, PASS directly respnds t yur needs and feedback.
Registratin in Term 2 will pen at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a sessin is full, yu can register fr the waiting list. We will email yu if a placebecmes available r if a new sessin is t be held.
When yu are placed n a waiting list, we will email yu a number which tells yuwhere yu are n the list. If yu are clse t the frnt f the list, yu have a gd chancef gaining a place in the prgramme in the near future.
Deregistering
If yu miss tw PASS sessins in a rw, yu will be deregistered and yur placewill be given t smene n the waiting list. Make sure yu fill in the attendance sheetat each sessin t recrd yur attendance.
Yu’ll be infrmed by email if yu are being deregistered as a result f missingsessins. If yu believe yu have received the email in errr, email the PASS ffice atpassffice@umbs. edu.
21．In PASS, students ______.
A．attend new lectures B．decide their wn schedules
C．prepare prblem sets in grups D．use their skills t slve prblems
22．What can students d if a sessin is full?
A．Fill in the attendance sheet. B．Sign up fr the waiting list.
C．Reprt their needs and feedback. D．Email the ffice their numbers n the list.
23．Students will be deregistered if ______.
A．they send emails in errr B．they fail t wrk interactively
C．they give their places t thers D．they miss tw sessins in a rw
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 )my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me. Fr almst a year Istruggled n, cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectinist tendencieswere the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly inlife is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.
One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at myhigh schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge aninner desire t make a difference in the wrld. I jined a pre-presentatin dinner withhim and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speakne-n-ne with him—an idea that had seemed cmpletely impssible. This firstcntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later, Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference.Lking back, I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunitiesthat my ld self wuld have let pass, but that this new and mre cnfident Aliceenthusiastically seized. Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin theYuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my highschl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f agrwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these newsteps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I’ve realised that mybiggest bstacle ( 障碍 ) this whle time was myself. It was that vice in the back f myhead telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching theirptential: I can’t. They say gd things cme t thse wh wait; I say: grab everypprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient. After all, nature des ntrequire ur patience, but ur actin.
24．What was the main cause fr Alice’s anxiety?
A．Her inability t act her age. B．Her habit f cnsumptin.
C．Her desire t be perfect. D．Her lack f inspiratin.
25．Hw did Grant Brwn’s presentatin influence Alice?
A．She decided t d smething fr nature. B．She tasted the sweetness f friendship.
C．She learned abut the harm f desire. D．She built up her curage t speak up.
26．The activities Alice jined in helped her t becme mre ______.
A．intelligent B．cnfident C．innvative D．critical
27．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Practice makes perfect. B．Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C．Actin is wrry’s wrst enemy. D．Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
C
“What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that PrfessrCrystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, becauseimagining smething that isn’t part f real life—and learning hw t make it real—is arare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystalset ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprachknwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and betternutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed,delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect ( 交叉 ) with humanhealth, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety. Accrding t systems thinking,changing the fd system—r any ther netwrk—requires three things t happen. First,researchers need t identify all the players in that system; secnd, they must wrk uthw they relate t each ther; and third, they need t understand and quantify the impactf thse relatinships n each ther and n thse utside the system.
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number fundernurished (营养不良) peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances innutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealingthe relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases.But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse thathuman diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals—and that the vast majrity are ntknwn.
A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin thateveryne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd systemis nt an equal ne. A gd way t redress ( 修正 ) such pwer imbalance is fr mreuniversities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systemsapprach.
Mre researchers, plicymakers and representatives frm the fd industry mustlearn t lk beynd their direct lines f respnsibility and adpt a systems apprach.Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results, but cncluded that “we’ll neverprduce results that we can’t envisin”.
28．The authr uses the questin underlined in Paragraph 1 t ______.
A．illustrate an argument B．highlight an pinin
C．intrduce the tpic D．predict the ending
29．What can be inferred abut the field f nutritin?
A．The first bjective f systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B．The relatinships amng players have been clarified.
C．Machine learning can slve the nutritin prblem.
D．The impact f nutritin cannt be quantified.
30．As fr systems thinking, which wuld the authr agree with?
A．It may be used t justify pwer imbalance.
B．It can be applied t tackle challenges.
C．It helps t prve why hunger exists.
D．It ges beynd human imaginatin.
D
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has beensending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggestchallenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputingexperts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keepthe field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity.Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smallernes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, andeven take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’tkeep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentiallyavailable t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers maymislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’sptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt,disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrughstages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especiallyprne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething clyu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggestedthat I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He alsanswered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylrshares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply tPyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )”t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that wewuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discuntmy pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are dingwith thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, asTaylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne elset invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31．Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ______.
A．sympathetic B．uncncernedC．dubtful D．excited
32．What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A．His dminance in physics.B．The cmpetitin in the field.
C．His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D．The investment f tech cmpanies.
33．What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Open. B．Cl.C．Useful. D．Resistant.
34．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t variuspressures, we tend t ignre ur health. 35 It is the fitness level f ur bdythat helps us fight these diseases.
36 We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthywe shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is thestate f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weakbdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. 37 This des nt definitelymean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur ageand the climatic cnditins we live in.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. 38 Frinstance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There aredifferent levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding tur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eighthurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune ( 免疫 ) system and prtectsus against diseases. 39 This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C．It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D． Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E． If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F． There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G．This makes ur bdy suffer and we catch lifestyle and ther diseases.
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur ( 创业者 ), witnessed at his wnschl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had t be abetter prtable drink slutin and decided t innvate frm smething he saw in hiswn hme: fruit infused ( 浸泡 ) water.
Tm watched his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr atake-alng ptin. Frm bserving his mum and frm his desire t give kids better drinkptins, he came up with his riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle. “I wanted t cme upwith a healthy, natural way fr peple t drink when n the g. A big part f my missinis t get peple f all ages ff sugary drinks,” Tm explains.
The bttle is made with a strainer ( 滤网 ) that allws the great tastes and naturalsugars f the varius fruits and vegetables yu chse t cme thrugh the water,withut any f the seeds r skins flwing thrugh.
Tm is prud f his design and excited t be selling the Fun Bttle n his websiteand in stres, but this 15-year-ld is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttlepresents t thers. It helps t prvide healthy alternatives t sugary drinks; and als Tmdnates part f the prfits t the Organisatin fr a Healthier Generatin (OHG).
Tm has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innvatr remains humble.When asked what advice he’d give ther entrepreneurial yuth, he says, “Prepare andhave yur family’s supprt. It is imprtant t knw frm the beginning that there are alt f highs and lws, and there is n such thing as vernight success.”
40．What did Tm witness at his wn schl?
41．Where did Tm get the idea fr the riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it andexplain why.
➣ Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thersbecause he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but alsdnates all the prfits t the OHG.
43．Amng Tm’s qualities, which ne(s) d yu think will be imprtant fr us? Why?(In abut 40 wrds)
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．建议交流的具体内容及其原因；
2．交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yurs,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英语参考答案
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A
6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11．in 12．t harm13．caught 14．supprted 15．whether
16．has 17．themselves 18．which 19．wrse 20．has increased
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21．D 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．A
26．B 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．B
31．A 32．C 33．A34．D
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35．G 36．B 37．D 38．F 39．C
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
40．Tm witnessed the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids at his wnschl.
41．Tm gt the idea frm bserving his mum make healthy fruit infusins but thenstruggle fr a take-alng ptin.
42．Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because hent nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all theprfits t the OHG.
Tm dnates part f the prfits t the OHG.
43．略。
第二节（20分）
范文：
Dear Jim,
Hw’s everything?
I’m writing t invite yu t give us an nline talk n English writing. Ourclassmates seem t be weak in rganisatin. Wuld yu please give us sme suggestinsn hw t cnnect sentences lgically, hw t develp a paragraph, and hw t structurean essay?
The talk will be abut an hur, and yu can decide n a date at yur cnvenience.Please let me knw which platfrm yu’ll be using. It wuld be great if we culd have a10-minute questin and answer sessin at the end f yur talk.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua