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【精品复习学案】八年级英语上册（人教版）第23讲 直接引语&间接引语（带答案）
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这是一份【精品复习学案】八年级英语上册（人教版）第23讲 直接引语&间接引语（带答案），共19页。
第 份 第23章 直接引语与间接引语当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。当直接引用的句子为不同类型时，间接引用时的句式变化很大，本章中会一一解析。直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫做直接引语。间接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。典型例句：1.She said, “I like English very much”.（直接引语） （她说：“我非常喜欢英语。”）典型例句：2.She said she liked English very much.（间接引语） （她说她非常喜欢英语。）1.直接引语与间接引语的构成1.直接引语构成步骤：（1）只需将原话放在引号之中，不作任何改动。（2）没有时态呼应的问题。（3）引用的原话前用逗号“，”（汉语中多用冒号“：”）（4）后引号之前，也就是重述的话的结尾，按其类别放一个句号“.”或问号“?”等。She said, “You gave the book to me yourself.”（她说：“是你自己把这本书给我的。”）The teacher asked, “Do you like English?”（老师问：“你们喜欢英语吗？”）Mary said to me, “I lost my cell phone.”（玛丽对我说：“我把我的手机弄丢了。”）“Do you want to go swimming today?” Ben asked me.（本问我：“今天你想去游泳吗？”）注意：引号内直接引语第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。当“主语（人）+引述动词”放在引号之后时，在后引号之前必须加逗号；但如果引语以问号或感叹号结尾时，则不用逗号。2.间接引语构成步骤：（1）不要逗号、冒号、引号。（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）。（3）要考虑时态的变化。（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。She said that I had given the book to her myself.（她说是我自己把那本书给她的。）The teacher asked us whether we liked English.（老师问我们是否喜欢英语。）Mary told me that she had lost her cell phone.（玛丽告诉我她把她的手机弄丢了。）Ben asked me if I wanted to go swimming that day.（本问我那天是否想去游泳。）补充：间接引语不需要加引号，而且在多数情况下都能构成一个宾语从句。间接引语一般都要由引述动词引导。2.直接引语与间接引语的转化1.人称的变化直接引语转化为间接引语时，间接引语中的人称会发生相应的变化，而且这种变化与汉语的变化是一致的。John said, “I’ve been late again.”（约翰说：“我又迟到了。”）→John said that he had been late again.（约翰说他又迟到了。）Mary said, “I’ll finish the work this afternoon.”（玛丽说：“我将在今天下午完成工作。”）→Mary said that she would finish the work that afternoon.（玛丽说她将要在那天下午完成工作。）He said, “I’ll be seeing you off on the 10 o’clock train.”（他说：“我将送你乘10点钟的火车离开。”）→He said that he would be seeing me off on the 10 o’clock train.（他说他将送我乘10点钟的火车离开。）2.时态的变化直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句动词的时态若是过去时，间接引语中的时态要变为相应的过去时态。She said, “I like maths very much.”（她说：“我非常喜欢数学。”）（一般现在时）→She said that she liked maths very much.（她说她非常喜欢数学。）（一般过去时）He said, “I’ve never seen this man.”（他说：“我从没见过这个男人。”）（现在完成时）→He said that he had never seen that man.（他说他从没见过那个男人。）（过去完成时）Joe said, “I am listening to music in my room.”（乔说：“我正在我的房间听音乐”。）（现在完成时）→Joe said that he was listening to music in his room.（乔说他正在他的房间听音乐。）（过去进行时）3.时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化直接引语转化为间接引语时，间接引语中的时间状语、地点状语和指示代词都会发生相应的变化。4.引用的句子是陈述句时陈述句转述为间接引语时，句型、语序没有变化，只是要在陈述句前加连词that，它不在句子中担任成分，常常被省略。The girl said to me, “Pocket money can give a kid a sense of independence.”（这个女孩对我说：“零用钱能给孩子以独立感。”）→The girl told me (that) pocket money could give a kid a sense of independence.（这个女孩告诉我零用钱能给孩子以独立感。）Paul said, “I haven’t heard a complain yet.”（保罗说：“我还没听到一句抱怨。”）→Paul said (that) he hadn’t heard a complain yet.（保罗说他还没听到一句抱怨。）5.引用的句子是疑问句时疑问句转述为间接引语时，句型、语序要有相应的变化，并注意要以疑问词或if，whether等词引导。（1）引用的句子是特殊疑问句时特殊疑问句转述为间接引语时，语序要转化为陈述句语序，并以疑问词开头（注意此时不能用that）。Mary asked me, “What is she doing here?”（玛丽问我：“她在这儿做什么呢？”）说明：此句除了时态由一般现在时变为一般过去时之外，语序也由疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，即将“What is she doing here?”变为“what she was doing there.”同时注意标点符号由于问号变为句号。因为实际上此句是个宾语从句，主句是陈述句而不是问句。→Mary asked me what she was doing there.（玛丽问我她在那儿做什么呢。）Wang Fang asked Lily, “How have you managed to finish painting so soon?”（王芳问莉莉：“你是怎么做到那么快完成绘画的？”）→Wang Fang asked Lily how she had managed to finish painting so soon.（王芳问莉莉她是怎么做到那么快完成绘画的。）My teacher asked me, “How long have you spent in practicing these days?”（我的老师问我：“这些天你用了多长时间练习？”）→My teacher asked me how long I had spent in practicing those days.（我的老师问我那些日子花了多长时间练习。）（2）引用的句子是一般疑问句时一般疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把一般疑问句句型转化为陈述句句型，同时在句子前面加上if或者whether。I asked her, “Did you visit the museum two days ago?”（我问她：“两天前你去参观博物馆了吗？”）→I asked her if/whether she had visited the museum two days before.（我问她两天前是不是参观过博物馆了。）My friend Lily asked me, “Do you want to go swimming today?”（我的朋友莉莉问我：“你今天想去游泳吗？”）→My friend Lily asked (me) if/whether I wanted to go swimming that day.（我的朋友莉莉问我那天是否想去游泳。）比较：if和whether一般可通用；但whether可以和or not连用，if不能。I asked her whether or not she had visited the museum two days before.说明：ask常用来转述疑问句；且ask后既可带间接的人称宾语，也可省略不带。（3）引用的句子是反意疑问句时反意疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句：即句型为陈述句，在句子前面加if或whether，往往后面还要加上or not，常用whether...or not。She cried, “You have made a big mistake,haven’t you?”（她大喊：“你犯了个大错，不是吗？”）→She cried whether I had made a big mistake or not.（她大声喊着问我是不是犯了个大错。）补充：选择疑问句的直接引语直接引语如果是选择疑问句，转述为间接引语时，其关联词应用whether...or...。He asked me, “Do you like apples or bananas?”（他问我：“你喜欢苹果还是香蕉？”）→He asked me whether I like apples or bananas.（他问我是喜欢苹果还是喜欢香蕉。）6.引用的句子是祈使句时祈使句转述为间接引语时，间接引语要改用动词不定式表示。引述动词根据原意可以用ask，tell，want，order等表示，原祈使句改为不定式。句型：（肯定句）ask/tell... sb. to do sth.；（否定句）ask/tell... sb. not to do sth.Miss Green said to Jane, “Please sit down.”（格林小姐对简说：“请坐。”）→Miss Green asked Jane to sit down.（格林小姐请简坐下。）The teacher said, “Pay attention to your spelling.”（老师说：“注意你们的拼写。”）→The teacher told us to pay attention to our spelling.（老师告诉我们注意拼写。）Joe said, “Don’t make so much noise,boys.”（乔说：“男孩们，别那么吵。”）→Joe order the boys not to make so much noise.（乔让男孩们别那么吵。）补充：若直接引语表示请求语气，间接引语的引述动词用ask。若直接引语表示命令语气，间接引语的引述动词用tell或order。7.引用的句子是感叹句时感叹句转述为间接引语时，间接引语可以仍然使用how，what等词，语序不变；也可使用that把原来的感叹句改为宾语从句，动词say可改为cry，shout等词。He said, “What a clever boy he is!”（他说：“多么聪明的男孩啊！”）→He said what a clever boy he was./He cried that he he was a clever boy.（他说他是一个聪明的男孩。）She said, “How interesting the film is!”→She said how interesting the film was./She shouted that the film was interesting.（她说这是一部非常有趣的电影。）说明：感叹句转述为间接引语时，可以加上适当的修饰语，如with delight（高兴地），with a sigh（长叹一声）等。He said, “What a fine day!”（他说：“多好的天气啊！”）→He cried with delight that it was a fine day.（他高兴地叫道天气多好啊。）3.直接引语与间接引语需注意的事项1.间接引语中人称不改变的情况主句中动词的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词保持不变。I said, “He can speak English very well.”（我说：“他的英语说得很好。”）→I said that he could speak English very well.（我说他的英语说得很好。）We say, “You did quite well yesterday.”（我们说：“昨天你们做得相当不错。”）→We say that you had done quite well the day before.（我们说你们那天做得相当不错。）2.间接引语中时态不改变的情况主句的动词是过去的时态时，引语中的时态就要做相应的变化。但在以下一些情况下，间接引语中的时态仍保持不变。A.当主句的动词时态是现在的时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）或将来时时，间接引语中的时态不变。He says, “I’m tired.”（他说：“我累了。”）→He says he is tired.（他说他累了。）He will say, “The girl was very beautiful.”（他将会说：“这个女孩过去很漂亮。”）→He will tell you that the girl was very beautiful.（他将会告诉你这个女孩过去很漂亮。）B.当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转化为间接引语时时态不变，并且要使用一般现在时。He asked, “Which star is the biggest?”（他问：“哪颗星星最大？”）→He asked which star is the biggest.（他问哪颗星星最大。）My father told me, “It’s important for kids to learn how to manage money.”（我父亲告诉我：“让孩子学习怎么处理金钱是很重要的。”）→My father told me (that) it is important for kids to learn how to manage money.（我父亲告诉我让孩子学习怎么处理金钱是很重要的。）C.当引语强调动作或状态现在仍存在时，转化为间接引语时时态可不变，其他相应状语也可不变，尤其是在口语中。John said, “My son is ill today.”（约翰说：“我的儿子今天生病了。”）补充：如果没有特定的情况说明是今天（today）发生的事，这句应该为：John told me that his son was ill that day/yesterday.（约翰告诉我，他的儿子那天/昨天病了。）→John told me that his son is ill today.（约翰告诉我，他儿子今天病了。）（这里间接引语的时态没变，仍是一般现在时，时间状语也没变，仍是today，这表明今天还没有过去）He asked, “Where has Li Ming gone?”（他问：“李明去哪儿了？”）→He asked where Li Ming has gone.（他问李明去哪儿了。）（表明李明未回来）→He asked where Li Ming had gone.（他问李明去哪儿了。）（表明李明已回来）D.过去完成时在间接引语中仍为过去完成时，与之联系使用的动词过去时不变。Mr.Green said, “My son had gone to America when he graduated.”（格林先生说：“我儿子大学毕业后就去美国了。”）→Mr.Green said that his son had gone to America when he graduated.（格林先生说，他儿子大学毕业后就去美国了。）说明：将直接引语变成间接引语时，时态通常要往回移，即现在时变为过去时，过去时变为过去完成时。若直接引语中动词已为过去完成时，再转述为间接引语时就不变了，因为已不可能再往回移了。She said, “I had lived here for 10 years by the end of last year.”（她说：“到去年底，我已经在这儿住了10年了。”）→She said that she had lived there for 10 years by the end of last year.（她说到去年底，她已经在那儿住了10年了。）E.当直接引语中的一般过去时与表示过去特定时间的状语连用时，转化为间接引语时时态不变。He said, “I was born in 1990 and joined the army in 2008.”（他说：“我是1990年出生的，并于2008年参军。”）→He said that he was born in 1990 and joined the army in 2008.（他说他是1990年出生的，并于2008年参军。）3.主句动词的使用用间接引语时，主句的引述动词除了用say，tell，ask外，只要意思上允许，尽可能用别的动词，如：“Really,it is my fault,” he said.（他说：“的确，那是我的错。”）→He admitted that it was really his fault.（他承认那的确是他的错。）“Your idea sounds good,” the Sales Manager said.（销售部经理说：“你的主意听起来不错。”）→The Sales Manager agreed that my idea sounded good.（销售部经理赞同我的主意不错。）4.要保留情态动词的意义注意间接引语中要保留原来直接引语中包含的情态动词的意义。“I must do my homework now,” said Tom.（汤姆说：“我现在必须做作业。”）→Tom said that he had to do his homework then.（汤姆说那时他必须做作业。）5.“Would you please...?”如何变为间接引语“Would you please...?”虽然是个一般疑问句，但它表示的是“请求”，变为间接引语时，一般用动词不定式来表示。句型：主语+ask/invite+宾语+不定式“Would you please have lunch with me tomorrow?” Mr.Zhu asked me.（朱先生问我：“明天你和我一起吃午饭好吗？”）→Mr.Zhu asked/invited me to have lunch with him the next day.（朱先生让/请我明天和他一起吃午饭。）“Would you please pass me your dictionary?” she said to me.（她跟我说：“劳驾你能把你的字典递给我吗？”）→She asked me to pass her my dictionary.（她让我把我的字典递给她。）Common Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）陷阱例题①A:What did you teacher say just now? B:He asked me __________ this morning.【长沙中考】句意提示：A：刚才你的老师说什么了？B：他问我今天早上汤姆什么时候到的学校。陷阱追击：间接引语中引用的句子是特殊疑问句时，要特别注意语序的变化。正确解析：把特殊疑问句转述为间接引语时，要以疑问词开头，语序转化为陈述句语序，因为实际上此句是个宾语从句。正确答案为B。陷阱例题②Tom said he __________ back in a week.句意提示：汤姆说他将在一周后回来。陷阱追击：本题考查间接引语中时态的变化，需特别注意，否则容易误选。正确解析：如果主句动词的时态是过去的时态（过去时），间接引语中的时态要变为相应的过去时态。直接引语中用will，则间接引语中用would。正确答案为B。陷阱例题③The policeman asked the child __________ so that he could take him home.【成都中考】句意提示：警察询问这个孩子住在哪里，以便送他回家。陷阱追击：本题考查间接引语的语序和结合上下文判断间接引语的内容，容易误选。正确解析：由题意可知是询问“住在哪里”，语序应转化为陈述句语序。正确答案为B。陷阱例题④John asked me __________ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.句意提示：约翰问我想不想和他一起参观他叔叔的农场。陷阱追击：本题考查引用的句子是一般疑问句，转述为间接引语时的用法，容易误选。正确解析：当引用的句子是一般疑问句，转述为间接引语时，要把一般疑问句句型转化为陈述句句型，并在句子前面加上if或whether。正确答案为C。Final Check（实力测验）1.请将下列直接引语转化为间接引语1. “My parents are very well,” said Tom._______________________________________________________________________________“Are you going to learn English?” asked Tom._______________________________________________________________________________“I have given up smoking.” said my brother._______________________________________________________________________________He said, “I can’t go to the party tomorrow.”_______________________________________________________________________________The old man said, “I don’t know where to go.”_______________________________________________________________________________He said, “I’ll tell Ann I saw you.”_______________________________________________________________________________He asked the boy, “Who are you?”_______________________________________________________________________________She asked me, “What’s wrong with you?”_______________________________________________________________________________The doctor said, “Stay in bed for a few days.”_______________________________________________________________________________Father said to his son: “Don’t shout!”_______________________________________________________________________________Tom said, “I woke up feeling ill,so I didn’t go to work.”_______________________________________________________________________________Mike said, “I have been to America twice.I went there in 2007 and in 2010.”_______________________________________________________________________________She said, “By 9 o’clock last night I’d finished my homework.”_______________________________________________________________________________He asked, “Tom,where did you read it?”_______________________________________________________________________________He asked, “Why are you smiling?”_______________________________________________________________________________She asked, “It’s a beautiful day,isn’t it?”_______________________________________________________________________________The child always asks her mother, “Am I a good girl?”_______________________________________________________________________________2.改错1.He said me that he had been to the Great Wall twice._______________________________________________________________________________2.The stranger asked me how could he get to the airport._______________________________________________________________________________3.My mother tells me Washington D.C. was the capital of the USA._______________________________________________________________________________4.The teacher told we had done our homework very badly._______________________________________________________________________________5.I wonder if I’ll go to Kay’s party or not._______________________________________________________________________________6.He told me that his father has gone to the other city on business._______________________________________________________________________________7.Lily asked me could I do some shopping with her._______________________________________________________________________________8.The president asked me how old I was?_______________________________________________________________________________9.Professor said,that the class was over,then he left the classroom in a hurry._______________________________________________________________________________10.Mary told me she had watched that football match two days ago and the players had played well._______________________________________________________________________________11.The librarian told to me I could borrow four books one time._______________________________________________________________________________12.The other day I called my classmate,and he said he is ill in bed._______________________________________________________________________________13.David asked his neighbor Miss Li if she could look after my dog when he went to the beach for his holidays._______________________________________________________________________________14.A farmer says me his farm is not far from here._______________________________________________________________________________15.Jack told he paid attention to the change._______________________________________________________________________________3.汉译英1.你告诉我的非常重要。_______________________________________________________________________________2.我把你告诉我的记下了。_______________________________________________________________________________3.这就是我想要告诉他的。_______________________________________________________________________________4.我认为明天不会下雨。_______________________________________________________________________________5.我们认为会议不必延期。_______________________________________________________________________________6.我怀疑这篇小说是否值得一看。_______________________________________________________________________________7.我不能肯定你是否正确。_______________________________________________________________________________8.学生们坚决主张那个男孩应受惩罚。_______________________________________________________________________________9.他坚决认为他自己没做错事。_______________________________________________________________________________10.这个地区是否要再建一所学校这个问题我们还没决定。_______________________________________________________________________________KEYS:1.1.Tom said (that) his parents were very well.2.Tom asked me/her/him/...whether/if I/she/he/...was/were going to learn English.3.My brother said (that) he had given up smoking.4.He said (that) he couldn’t go to the party the next day.5.The old man said (that) he didn’t know where to go.6.He said to me that he would tell Ann he had seen me.7.He asked the boy who he was.8.She asked me what was wrong with me.（解说：What’s wrong with somebody?和What’s the matter with somebody?变为间接引语时，语序不变。）9.The doctor told me/her/him/... to stay in bed for a few days.10.Father warned his son not to shout.11.(1)Tom said (that) he woke up feeling ill,so he didn’t go to work.(2)Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill,so he hadn’t gone to work.12.Mike said (that) he had been to America twice and that he went there in 2007 and in 2010.13.She said (that) by 9 o’clock the night before she had finished her homework.14.He asked Tom where he had read it.15.He asked me/her/him/... why I/she/he/... was/were smiling.16.She asked me whether/if it was a beautiful day.17.The child always asks her mother whether/if she is a good girl.2.1.said me→told me或said to me2.how could he get→how he could get（解说：即便宾语从句由疑问词引导，也应该用陈述句的语序。不要混淆简答句里的特殊疑问句和宾语从句。）3.was→is（解说：注意宾语从句和主句之间的时态呼应。）4.told→said5.if→whether（解说：whether...or not是固定结构。）6.has gone→had gone（解说：注意时态呼应。）7.could I→if/whether I could（解说：注意宾语从句的语序，不要与一般疑问句混淆。）8.问号改为句号9.said,that→said that10.two days ago→two days before11.told to me→told me或said to me12.is→was（解说：注意时态呼应。）13.my dog→his dog（解说：在把直接引语改为间接引语的时候，要注意人称的变换。）14.says me→says to me或tells me15.told he paid→told him to pay3.1.What you (have) told me is very important.2.I have kept what you told me in mind.3.This is what I want to tell him.4.I don’t think it is going to rain tomorrow.5.(1)We don’t think the meeting should be put off.(2)We don’t think it necessary to put off the meeting.6.I doubt whether/if this novel is worth reading.7.I’m not sure whether/if you are right.8.The students insisted that the boy (should) be punished.9.He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.10.It hasn’t been decided whether to build another school in the area.【课后作业】1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.【参考答案】1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if [whether], that 直接引语变间接引语专项练习题二（有答案）1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him ____.A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Mary’s mother asked her _____.A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know ____?A. what is he doing B. what he doingC. what he is doing D. what does he do now11. I don’t know ____ to learn English.A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins12. He asked me ____.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they were B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess ____?A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have begun to know ____.A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language 18. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper.A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the report ____.A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _____.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car 巩固练习答案：1—5DBDAB; 6—10CDBCC；11—15BBAAD；16—20BCACC 练习1."my mother took me to an exhibition yesterday."she said.2."we are going to study in Australia next month."they said.3."i'm checking your homework now."his mother said.4."can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?"the man asked the policeman5."is your son going to Shanghai today or tomorrow?"he asked.6."do you remember what your aunt told you last night?"Li ping's father asked him.7."where shall i get off to change to a No.3 bus?"he asked the conductor.8."how many car factories have been built in your country?"he asked me.9."what did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother ?"the teacher asked.10." go to the front at once!"the officer said to the soldiers. 答案:1.She said her mother had took her to an exhibition the day before .2.They said they were going to study in Australia the next month.3.His mother said she was checking his homework then .4.The man asked the policeman if he could tell him how to get to the nearest restaurant.5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that day or the next day.6.Li ping's father asked him if he rememberred what his aunt had told him the night before.7.He asked the conductor where he could get off to change to a No.3 bus.8.He asked me how many car factories had been built in my country.9.The teacher asked what Edison had do to help the doctor operate on his mother.10.The officer asked the soldiers to go to the front at once. 初中语法讲义直接引语&间接引语 年 月 日直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时，现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时shallshouldshouldshould（不变）willwouldwouldwould（不变）maymightmightmight（不变）cancouldcouldcould（不变）直接引语中的状语、指示代词间接引语中的状语、指示代词today今天that day当天yesterday昨天the day before前一天tomorrow明天the next day/the following day第二天next week/month/year...下周/下个月/明年……the next week/month/year...第二周/月/年……last week/month/year...上周/上个月/去年……the week/month/year...before前一周/月/年……ago以前before以前three/four/...years ago三年/四年/……年前three/four/... years before三年/四年/……年前in 2008在2008年in 2008在2008年（不变）now现在then那时so far目前by then到那时here这里there那里this这个that那个these这些those那些admit承认agree同意greet打招呼reply回答request要求order命令declare声明promise答应explain解释wonder想知道A.how did Tom come to schoolB.when Tom got to schoolC.why was Tom late for schoolA.will comeB.would comeC.comeA.where did he liveB.where he livedC.how he livedA.how would I likeB.if or not would I likeC.whether I would likeD.which I would like
第 份 第23章 直接引语与间接引语当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。当直接引用的句子为不同类型时，间接引用时的句式变化很大，本章中会一一解析。直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫做直接引语。间接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。典型例句：1.She said, “I like English very much”.（直接引语） （她说：“我非常喜欢英语。”）典型例句：2.She said she liked English very much.（间接引语） （她说她非常喜欢英语。）1.直接引语与间接引语的构成1.直接引语构成步骤：（1）只需将原话放在引号之中，不作任何改动。（2）没有时态呼应的问题。（3）引用的原话前用逗号“，”（汉语中多用冒号“：”）（4）后引号之前，也就是重述的话的结尾，按其类别放一个句号“.”或问号“?”等。She said, “You gave the book to me yourself.”（她说：“是你自己把这本书给我的。”）The teacher asked, “Do you like English?”（老师问：“你们喜欢英语吗？”）Mary said to me, “I lost my cell phone.”（玛丽对我说：“我把我的手机弄丢了。”）“Do you want to go swimming today?” Ben asked me.（本问我：“今天你想去游泳吗？”）注意：引号内直接引语第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。当“主语（人）+引述动词”放在引号之后时，在后引号之前必须加逗号；但如果引语以问号或感叹号结尾时，则不用逗号。2.间接引语构成步骤：（1）不要逗号、冒号、引号。（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）。（3）要考虑时态的变化。（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。She said that I had given the book to her myself.（她说是我自己把那本书给她的。）The teacher asked us whether we liked English.（老师问我们是否喜欢英语。）Mary told me that she had lost her cell phone.（玛丽告诉我她把她的手机弄丢了。）Ben asked me if I wanted to go swimming that day.（本问我那天是否想去游泳。）补充：间接引语不需要加引号，而且在多数情况下都能构成一个宾语从句。间接引语一般都要由引述动词引导。2.直接引语与间接引语的转化1.人称的变化直接引语转化为间接引语时，间接引语中的人称会发生相应的变化，而且这种变化与汉语的变化是一致的。John said, “I’ve been late again.”（约翰说：“我又迟到了。”）→John said that he had been late again.（约翰说他又迟到了。）Mary said, “I’ll finish the work this afternoon.”（玛丽说：“我将在今天下午完成工作。”）→Mary said that she would finish the work that afternoon.（玛丽说她将要在那天下午完成工作。）He said, “I’ll be seeing you off on the 10 o’clock train.”（他说：“我将送你乘10点钟的火车离开。”）→He said that he would be seeing me off on the 10 o’clock train.（他说他将送我乘10点钟的火车离开。）2.时态的变化直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句动词的时态若是过去时，间接引语中的时态要变为相应的过去时态。She said, “I like maths very much.”（她说：“我非常喜欢数学。”）（一般现在时）→She said that she liked maths very much.（她说她非常喜欢数学。）（一般过去时）He said, “I’ve never seen this man.”（他说：“我从没见过这个男人。”）（现在完成时）→He said that he had never seen that man.（他说他从没见过那个男人。）（过去完成时）Joe said, “I am listening to music in my room.”（乔说：“我正在我的房间听音乐”。）（现在完成时）→Joe said that he was listening to music in his room.（乔说他正在他的房间听音乐。）（过去进行时）3.时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化直接引语转化为间接引语时，间接引语中的时间状语、地点状语和指示代词都会发生相应的变化。4.引用的句子是陈述句时陈述句转述为间接引语时，句型、语序没有变化，只是要在陈述句前加连词that，它不在句子中担任成分，常常被省略。The girl said to me, “Pocket money can give a kid a sense of independence.”（这个女孩对我说：“零用钱能给孩子以独立感。”）→The girl told me (that) pocket money could give a kid a sense of independence.（这个女孩告诉我零用钱能给孩子以独立感。）Paul said, “I haven’t heard a complain yet.”（保罗说：“我还没听到一句抱怨。”）→Paul said (that) he hadn’t heard a complain yet.（保罗说他还没听到一句抱怨。）5.引用的句子是疑问句时疑问句转述为间接引语时，句型、语序要有相应的变化，并注意要以疑问词或if，whether等词引导。（1）引用的句子是特殊疑问句时特殊疑问句转述为间接引语时，语序要转化为陈述句语序，并以疑问词开头（注意此时不能用that）。Mary asked me, “What is she doing here?”（玛丽问我：“她在这儿做什么呢？”）说明：此句除了时态由一般现在时变为一般过去时之外，语序也由疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，即将“What is she doing here?”变为“what she was doing there.”同时注意标点符号由于问号变为句号。因为实际上此句是个宾语从句，主句是陈述句而不是问句。→Mary asked me what she was doing there.（玛丽问我她在那儿做什么呢。）Wang Fang asked Lily, “How have you managed to finish painting so soon?”（王芳问莉莉：“你是怎么做到那么快完成绘画的？”）→Wang Fang asked Lily how she had managed to finish painting so soon.（王芳问莉莉她是怎么做到那么快完成绘画的。）My teacher asked me, “How long have you spent in practicing these days?”（我的老师问我：“这些天你用了多长时间练习？”）→My teacher asked me how long I had spent in practicing those days.（我的老师问我那些日子花了多长时间练习。）（2）引用的句子是一般疑问句时一般疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把一般疑问句句型转化为陈述句句型，同时在句子前面加上if或者whether。I asked her, “Did you visit the museum two days ago?”（我问她：“两天前你去参观博物馆了吗？”）→I asked her if/whether she had visited the museum two days before.（我问她两天前是不是参观过博物馆了。）My friend Lily asked me, “Do you want to go swimming today?”（我的朋友莉莉问我：“你今天想去游泳吗？”）→My friend Lily asked (me) if/whether I wanted to go swimming that day.（我的朋友莉莉问我那天是否想去游泳。）比较：if和whether一般可通用；但whether可以和or not连用，if不能。I asked her whether or not she had visited the museum two days before.说明：ask常用来转述疑问句；且ask后既可带间接的人称宾语，也可省略不带。（3）引用的句子是反意疑问句时反意疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句：即句型为陈述句，在句子前面加if或whether，往往后面还要加上or not，常用whether...or not。She cried, “You have made a big mistake,haven’t you?”（她大喊：“你犯了个大错，不是吗？”）→She cried whether I had made a big mistake or not.（她大声喊着问我是不是犯了个大错。）补充：选择疑问句的直接引语直接引语如果是选择疑问句，转述为间接引语时，其关联词应用whether...or...。He asked me, “Do you like apples or bananas?”（他问我：“你喜欢苹果还是香蕉？”）→He asked me whether I like apples or bananas.（他问我是喜欢苹果还是喜欢香蕉。）6.引用的句子是祈使句时祈使句转述为间接引语时，间接引语要改用动词不定式表示。引述动词根据原意可以用ask，tell，want，order等表示，原祈使句改为不定式。句型：（肯定句）ask/tell... sb. to do sth.；（否定句）ask/tell... sb. not to do sth.Miss Green said to Jane, “Please sit down.”（格林小姐对简说：“请坐。”）→Miss Green asked Jane to sit down.（格林小姐请简坐下。）The teacher said, “Pay attention to your spelling.”（老师说：“注意你们的拼写。”）→The teacher told us to pay attention to our spelling.（老师告诉我们注意拼写。）Joe said, “Don’t make so much noise,boys.”（乔说：“男孩们，别那么吵。”）→Joe order the boys not to make so much noise.（乔让男孩们别那么吵。）补充：若直接引语表示请求语气，间接引语的引述动词用ask。若直接引语表示命令语气，间接引语的引述动词用tell或order。7.引用的句子是感叹句时感叹句转述为间接引语时，间接引语可以仍然使用how，what等词，语序不变；也可使用that把原来的感叹句改为宾语从句，动词say可改为cry，shout等词。He said, “What a clever boy he is!”（他说：“多么聪明的男孩啊！”）→He said what a clever boy he was./He cried that he he was a clever boy.（他说他是一个聪明的男孩。）She said, “How interesting the film is!”→She said how interesting the film was./She shouted that the film was interesting.（她说这是一部非常有趣的电影。）说明：感叹句转述为间接引语时，可以加上适当的修饰语，如with delight（高兴地），with a sigh（长叹一声）等。He said, “What a fine day!”（他说：“多好的天气啊！”）→He cried with delight that it was a fine day.（他高兴地叫道天气多好啊。）3.直接引语与间接引语需注意的事项1.间接引语中人称不改变的情况主句中动词的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词保持不变。I said, “He can speak English very well.”（我说：“他的英语说得很好。”）→I said that he could speak English very well.（我说他的英语说得很好。）We say, “You did quite well yesterday.”（我们说：“昨天你们做得相当不错。”）→We say that you had done quite well the day before.（我们说你们那天做得相当不错。）2.间接引语中时态不改变的情况主句的动词是过去的时态时，引语中的时态就要做相应的变化。但在以下一些情况下，间接引语中的时态仍保持不变。A.当主句的动词时态是现在的时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）或将来时时，间接引语中的时态不变。He says, “I’m tired.”（他说：“我累了。”）→He says he is tired.（他说他累了。）He will say, “The girl was very beautiful.”（他将会说：“这个女孩过去很漂亮。”）→He will tell you that the girl was very beautiful.（他将会告诉你这个女孩过去很漂亮。）B.当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转化为间接引语时时态不变，并且要使用一般现在时。He asked, “Which star is the biggest?”（他问：“哪颗星星最大？”）→He asked which star is the biggest.（他问哪颗星星最大。）My father told me, “It’s important for kids to learn how to manage money.”（我父亲告诉我：“让孩子学习怎么处理金钱是很重要的。”）→My father told me (that) it is important for kids to learn how to manage money.（我父亲告诉我让孩子学习怎么处理金钱是很重要的。）C.当引语强调动作或状态现在仍存在时，转化为间接引语时时态可不变，其他相应状语也可不变，尤其是在口语中。John said, “My son is ill today.”（约翰说：“我的儿子今天生病了。”）补充：如果没有特定的情况说明是今天（today）发生的事，这句应该为：John told me that his son was ill that day/yesterday.（约翰告诉我，他的儿子那天/昨天病了。）→John told me that his son is ill today.（约翰告诉我，他儿子今天病了。）（这里间接引语的时态没变，仍是一般现在时，时间状语也没变，仍是today，这表明今天还没有过去）He asked, “Where has Li Ming gone?”（他问：“李明去哪儿了？”）→He asked where Li Ming has gone.（他问李明去哪儿了。）（表明李明未回来）→He asked where Li Ming had gone.（他问李明去哪儿了。）（表明李明已回来）D.过去完成时在间接引语中仍为过去完成时，与之联系使用的动词过去时不变。Mr.Green said, “My son had gone to America when he graduated.”（格林先生说：“我儿子大学毕业后就去美国了。”）→Mr.Green said that his son had gone to America when he graduated.（格林先生说，他儿子大学毕业后就去美国了。）说明：将直接引语变成间接引语时，时态通常要往回移，即现在时变为过去时，过去时变为过去完成时。若直接引语中动词已为过去完成时，再转述为间接引语时就不变了，因为已不可能再往回移了。She said, “I had lived here for 10 years by the end of last year.”（她说：“到去年底，我已经在这儿住了10年了。”）→She said that she had lived there for 10 years by the end of last year.（她说到去年底，她已经在那儿住了10年了。）E.当直接引语中的一般过去时与表示过去特定时间的状语连用时，转化为间接引语时时态不变。He said, “I was born in 1990 and joined the army in 2008.”（他说：“我是1990年出生的，并于2008年参军。”）→He said that he was born in 1990 and joined the army in 2008.（他说他是1990年出生的，并于2008年参军。）3.主句动词的使用用间接引语时，主句的引述动词除了用say，tell，ask外，只要意思上允许，尽可能用别的动词，如：“Really,it is my fault,” he said.（他说：“的确，那是我的错。”）→He admitted that it was really his fault.（他承认那的确是他的错。）“Your idea sounds good,” the Sales Manager said.（销售部经理说：“你的主意听起来不错。”）→The Sales Manager agreed that my idea sounded good.（销售部经理赞同我的主意不错。）4.要保留情态动词的意义注意间接引语中要保留原来直接引语中包含的情态动词的意义。“I must do my homework now,” said Tom.（汤姆说：“我现在必须做作业。”）→Tom said that he had to do his homework then.（汤姆说那时他必须做作业。）5.“Would you please...?”如何变为间接引语“Would you please...?”虽然是个一般疑问句，但它表示的是“请求”，变为间接引语时，一般用动词不定式来表示。句型：主语+ask/invite+宾语+不定式“Would you please have lunch with me tomorrow?” Mr.Zhu asked me.（朱先生问我：“明天你和我一起吃午饭好吗？”）→Mr.Zhu asked/invited me to have lunch with him the next day.（朱先生让/请我明天和他一起吃午饭。）“Would you please pass me your dictionary?” she said to me.（她跟我说：“劳驾你能把你的字典递给我吗？”）→She asked me to pass her my dictionary.（她让我把我的字典递给她。）Common Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）陷阱例题①A:What did you teacher say just now? B:He asked me __________ this morning.【长沙中考】句意提示：A：刚才你的老师说什么了？B：他问我今天早上汤姆什么时候到的学校。陷阱追击：间接引语中引用的句子是特殊疑问句时，要特别注意语序的变化。正确解析：把特殊疑问句转述为间接引语时，要以疑问词开头，语序转化为陈述句语序，因为实际上此句是个宾语从句。正确答案为B。陷阱例题②Tom said he __________ back in a week.句意提示：汤姆说他将在一周后回来。陷阱追击：本题考查间接引语中时态的变化，需特别注意，否则容易误选。正确解析：如果主句动词的时态是过去的时态（过去时），间接引语中的时态要变为相应的过去时态。直接引语中用will，则间接引语中用would。正确答案为B。陷阱例题③The policeman asked the child __________ so that he could take him home.【成都中考】句意提示：警察询问这个孩子住在哪里，以便送他回家。陷阱追击：本题考查间接引语的语序和结合上下文判断间接引语的内容，容易误选。正确解析：由题意可知是询问“住在哪里”，语序应转化为陈述句语序。正确答案为B。陷阱例题④John asked me __________ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.句意提示：约翰问我想不想和他一起参观他叔叔的农场。陷阱追击：本题考查引用的句子是一般疑问句，转述为间接引语时的用法，容易误选。正确解析：当引用的句子是一般疑问句，转述为间接引语时，要把一般疑问句句型转化为陈述句句型，并在句子前面加上if或whether。正确答案为C。Final Check（实力测验）1.请将下列直接引语转化为间接引语1. “My parents are very well,” said Tom._______________________________________________________________________________“Are you going to learn English?” asked Tom._______________________________________________________________________________“I have given up smoking.” said my brother._______________________________________________________________________________He said, “I can’t go to the party tomorrow.”_______________________________________________________________________________The old man said, “I don’t know where to go.”_______________________________________________________________________________He said, “I’ll tell Ann I saw you.”_______________________________________________________________________________He asked the boy, “Who are you?”_______________________________________________________________________________She asked me, “What’s wrong with you?”_______________________________________________________________________________The doctor said, “Stay in bed for a few days.”_______________________________________________________________________________Father said to his son: “Don’t shout!”_______________________________________________________________________________Tom said, “I woke up feeling ill,so I didn’t go to work.”_______________________________________________________________________________Mike said, “I have been to America twice.I went there in 2007 and in 2010.”_______________________________________________________________________________She said, “By 9 o’clock last night I’d finished my homework.”_______________________________________________________________________________He asked, “Tom,where did you read it?”_______________________________________________________________________________He asked, “Why are you smiling?”_______________________________________________________________________________She asked, “It’s a beautiful day,isn’t it?”_______________________________________________________________________________The child always asks her mother, “Am I a good girl?”_______________________________________________________________________________2.改错1.He said me that he had been to the Great Wall twice._______________________________________________________________________________2.The stranger asked me how could he get to the airport._______________________________________________________________________________3.My mother tells me Washington D.C. was the capital of the USA._______________________________________________________________________________4.The teacher told we had done our homework very badly._______________________________________________________________________________5.I wonder if I’ll go to Kay’s party or not._______________________________________________________________________________6.He told me that his father has gone to the other city on business._______________________________________________________________________________7.Lily asked me could I do some shopping with her._______________________________________________________________________________8.The president asked me how old I was?_______________________________________________________________________________9.Professor said,that the class was over,then he left the classroom in a hurry._______________________________________________________________________________10.Mary told me she had watched that football match two days ago and the players had played well._______________________________________________________________________________11.The librarian told to me I could borrow four books one time._______________________________________________________________________________12.The other day I called my classmate,and he said he is ill in bed._______________________________________________________________________________13.David asked his neighbor Miss Li if she could look after my dog when he went to the beach for his holidays._______________________________________________________________________________14.A farmer says me his farm is not far from here._______________________________________________________________________________15.Jack told he paid attention to the change._______________________________________________________________________________3.汉译英1.你告诉我的非常重要。_______________________________________________________________________________2.我把你告诉我的记下了。_______________________________________________________________________________3.这就是我想要告诉他的。_______________________________________________________________________________4.我认为明天不会下雨。_______________________________________________________________________________5.我们认为会议不必延期。_______________________________________________________________________________6.我怀疑这篇小说是否值得一看。_______________________________________________________________________________7.我不能肯定你是否正确。_______________________________________________________________________________8.学生们坚决主张那个男孩应受惩罚。_______________________________________________________________________________9.他坚决认为他自己没做错事。_______________________________________________________________________________10.这个地区是否要再建一所学校这个问题我们还没决定。_______________________________________________________________________________KEYS:1.1.Tom said (that) his parents were very well.2.Tom asked me/her/him/...whether/if I/she/he/...was/were going to learn English.3.My brother said (that) he had given up smoking.4.He said (that) he couldn’t go to the party the next day.5.The old man said (that) he didn’t know where to go.6.He said to me that he would tell Ann he had seen me.7.He asked the boy who he was.8.She asked me what was wrong with me.（解说：What’s wrong with somebody?和What’s the matter with somebody?变为间接引语时，语序不变。）9.The doctor told me/her/him/... to stay in bed for a few days.10.Father warned his son not to shout.11.(1)Tom said (that) he woke up feeling ill,so he didn’t go to work.(2)Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill,so he hadn’t gone to work.12.Mike said (that) he had been to America twice and that he went there in 2007 and in 2010.13.She said (that) by 9 o’clock the night before she had finished her homework.14.He asked Tom where he had read it.15.He asked me/her/him/... why I/she/he/... was/were smiling.16.She asked me whether/if it was a beautiful day.17.The child always asks her mother whether/if she is a good girl.2.1.said me→told me或said to me2.how could he get→how he could get（解说：即便宾语从句由疑问词引导，也应该用陈述句的语序。不要混淆简答句里的特殊疑问句和宾语从句。）3.was→is（解说：注意宾语从句和主句之间的时态呼应。）4.told→said5.if→whether（解说：whether...or not是固定结构。）6.has gone→had gone（解说：注意时态呼应。）7.could I→if/whether I could（解说：注意宾语从句的语序，不要与一般疑问句混淆。）8.问号改为句号9.said,that→said that10.two days ago→two days before11.told to me→told me或said to me12.is→was（解说：注意时态呼应。）13.my dog→his dog（解说：在把直接引语改为间接引语的时候，要注意人称的变换。）14.says me→says to me或tells me15.told he paid→told him to pay3.1.What you (have) told me is very important.2.I have kept what you told me in mind.3.This is what I want to tell him.4.I don’t think it is going to rain tomorrow.5.(1)We don’t think the meeting should be put off.(2)We don’t think it necessary to put off the meeting.6.I doubt whether/if this novel is worth reading.7.I’m not sure whether/if you are right.8.The students insisted that the boy (should) be punished.9.He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.10.It hasn’t been decided whether to build another school in the area.【课后作业】1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.【参考答案】1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if [whether], that 直接引语变间接引语专项练习题二（有答案）1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him ____.A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Mary’s mother asked her _____.A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know ____?A. what is he doing B. what he doingC. what he is doing D. what does he do now11. I don’t know ____ to learn English.A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins12. He asked me ____.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they were B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess ____?A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have begun to know ____.A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language 18. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper.A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the report ____.A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _____.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car 巩固练习答案：1—5DBDAB; 6—10CDBCC；11—15BBAAD；16—20BCACC 练习1."my mother took me to an exhibition yesterday."she said.2."we are going to study in Australia next month."they said.3."i'm checking your homework now."his mother said.4."can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?"the man asked the policeman5."is your son going to Shanghai today or tomorrow?"he asked.6."do you remember what your aunt told you last night?"Li ping's father asked him.7."where shall i get off to change to a No.3 bus?"he asked the conductor.8."how many car factories have been built in your country?"he asked me.9."what did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother ?"the teacher asked.10." go to the front at once!"the officer said to the soldiers. 答案:1.She said her mother had took her to an exhibition the day before .2.They said they were going to study in Australia the next month.3.His mother said she was checking his homework then .4.The man asked the policeman if he could tell him how to get to the nearest restaurant.5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that day or the next day.6.Li ping's father asked him if he rememberred what his aunt had told him the night before.7.He asked the conductor where he could get off to change to a No.3 bus.8.He asked me how many car factories had been built in my country.9.The teacher asked what Edison had do to help the doctor operate on his mother.10.The officer asked the soldiers to go to the front at once. 初中语法讲义直接引语&间接引语 年 月 日直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时，现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时shallshouldshouldshould（不变）willwouldwouldwould（不变）maymightmightmight（不变）cancouldcouldcould（不变）直接引语中的状语、指示代词间接引语中的状语、指示代词today今天that day当天yesterday昨天the day before前一天tomorrow明天the next day/the following day第二天next week/month/year...下周/下个月/明年……the next week/month/year...第二周/月/年……last week/month/year...上周/上个月/去年……the week/month/year...before前一周/月/年……ago以前before以前three/four/...years ago三年/四年/……年前three/four/... years before三年/四年/……年前in 2008在2008年in 2008在2008年（不变）now现在then那时so far目前by then到那时here这里there那里this这个that那个these这些those那些admit承认agree同意greet打招呼reply回答request要求order命令declare声明promise答应explain解释wonder想知道A.how did Tom come to schoolB.when Tom got to schoolC.why was Tom late for schoolA.will comeB.would comeC.comeA.where did he liveB.where he livedC.how he livedA.how would I likeB.if or not would I likeC.whether I would likeD.which I would like
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