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【精品复习学案】外研社英语八年级上册第3讲 冠词（带答案）
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这是一份【精品复习学案】外研社英语八年级上册第3讲 冠词（带答案），共21页。
第 份 第3章 冠词冠词是虚词，本身无词义也不能单独使用，它用在名词前帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。不定冠词：a dog一只狗；an ant一只蚂蚁定冠词：the dog这只狗；the ant这只蚂蚁1.不定冠词不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示某类人或物中不确定的一个。This is a poster of an action movie.（这是一张动作电影的海报。）Beijing is a beautiful city.（北京是一座美丽的城市。）1.不定冠词的形式A.不定冠词有a[ə]和an[ən]两种形式。a用于以辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的单词前，an用于以元音（不是元音字母）开头的单词前。B.形容词修饰名词时，不定冠词要放在形容词前，用a或an取决于形容词的读音。2.不定冠词的用法（1）用在可数名词的单数形式前面A.表示一类事物或人中的任意一个。There is an island over there.（那儿有一个岛。）Be sure to bring me a dictionary.（一定要给我带一本字典来。）He works six days a week.（他一周工作六天。）I found a small girl crying in the corner.（我发现一个小女孩在拐角处哭。）补充：a/an表示“一”a/an用在hundred，thousand，million等词前，具有one的意思，一般译成“一”。B.表示一类事物或人，a/an在此处不必翻译。An ear is an organ for listening.（耳朵是听觉器官。）A tiger is a wild animal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）说明：a表示“一类”a在这里只表示某一类，实际上它的意义和“Tigers are wild animals.”一样。A pig has a thin tail.（猪有条细尾巴。）An owl can see in the dark.（猫头鹰能在黑暗中看见东西。）（2）用在专有名词前面不定冠词用在专有名词前面，表示“一个”“一种”“一类”或“一个类似……的”。There was a Mr. White living in that old house last year.（去年有个怀特先生住在那个老房子里。）That city is a Venice in China.（那个城市是中国的威尼斯。）必背：含有a的词组2.定冠词定冠词表示特定的一个或一类人、事物，表示“这”“那”“这些”“那些”的意思，在可数名词的单、复数及不可数名词前都可以使用。This is the watch I borrowed yesterday.（这就是我昨天借的那只手表。）The people I met there were very friendly.（我在那里遇到的人很友善。）1.定冠词的发音定冠词the只有一种书写形式，但发音有两种，它在辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的词前弱读为[ðə]，在元音开头的词前重读为[ði]。the situation弱读[ðəˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃn]（这种形势）the big onion弱读[ðəbigˈʌnjən]（这个大个的洋葱）the Americans重读[ðiəˈmerɪkənz]（这些美国人）the old people重读[ðiəʊldˈpiːpl]（这些老年人）2.定冠词的基本用法（1）用在带有定语的名词前面定冠词用在带有定语的名词前面，特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The students in that room（定语）are all from America.（那间屋子里的学生都来自于美国。）Show me the photo of your family（定语）.（给我看看你家人的照片。）（2）用在重新提到的人或事物前面I met a lovely girl at the gate.Look,this is the girl coming.（我在门口遇到一个可爱的女孩。看，就是正走过来的这个女孩。）Cut up a tomato,and put the tomato on the bread.（将一个西红柿切碎，再将切碎的西红柿放在面包上。）说明：the在这里特指前面提到的那个西红柿。（3）用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面Please fill in the form and sign it.（请填写表格并签字。）Oh,you mean the boys.Open the window and you can see them.（哦，你指的是那些男孩子们，打开那扇窗户，你就能看见他们了。）（4）用在单数可数名词前面定冠词用在单数可数名词的前面，表示某一类人或事物。这种用法和不定冠词的用法相似。（请参见本章不定冠词部分的举例）The tiger is a wild animal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）说明：表示某一类人或事物时，可以用以下三种方法： The dog is a useful animal.（dog前用定冠词） →A dog is a useful animal.（dog前用不定冠词） →Dogs are useful animals.（dog本身用复数） 狗是（一种）有用的动物。3.定冠词的特殊用法（1）用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前面We have friends all over the world.（我们的朋友遍天下。）I live to the west of the Summer Palace.（我住在颐和园的西边。）（2）用在序数词、形容词最高级及only所修饰的名词前面It’s the second（序数词）country they will visit in Asia.（这是他们在亚洲要访问的第二个国家。）Autumn is the best（形容词最高级）season in Beijing.（秋天是北京最好的季节。）He is the only student（only修饰名词）who didn’t pass the exam.（他是惟一一个没通过考试的学生。）（3）用在江河、湖海、山脉、岛屿等地理专有名词前面The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River.（长江比黄河长。）（4）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前面（5）用在姓氏的复数形式前面定冠词用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。The Taylors were having dinner when I came in.（当我进来时，泰勒全家人/泰勒夫妇正在吃饭。）说明：the Taylors的两种译法 the Taylors可译为泰勒全家，也可译为泰勒夫妇。Don’t forget to invite the Greens.（别忘了邀请格林夫妇。）（6）用在乐器名词前面He can play the violin well,but he can’t play the piano.（他拉小提琴拉得很好，可他不会弹钢琴。）（7）和某些形容词连用定冠词和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。The poor are against the plan,but the rich are for it.（穷人们反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。）注意：在这种情况下，谓语动词需用复数形式。She devoted her life to helping the poor.（她毕生都在帮助穷人。）必背：含有the的词组及句型句型：What’s the matter with...?=What’s wrong with...?（……怎么了？） What’s the matter with you?=What’s wrong with you?（你怎么了？）句型：the+比较级……，the+比较级……（越……越……） The sooner,the better.（越快越好。） The more you eat,the fatter you get.（你吃得越多就越胖。）3.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前不用冠词这些词包括人名、地名、节日、月份、国名等。专有名词：物质名词：Paper is made from bamboo.（纸是竹子做的。）A fish can’t live without water.（鱼儿离不开水。）抽象名词：We love peace.（我们热爱和平。）Don’t give up hope.（不要放弃希望。）（2）表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词We are all students.（我们都是学生。）I like seeing films.（我喜欢看电影。）（3）有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前不用冠词（⚪）a/the schoolbag（⚪）his/my/her...schoolbag（⚪）this/that schoolbag（⚪）these/those schoolbags（⚪）both/all/(a) few schoolbags（×）a/the his schoolbag（×）a/the that schoolbag（×）the both/all schoolbags（⚪）Mike’s school is over there.（迈克的学校就在那边。）（×）The Mike’s school is over there.说明：限定词不能连用 冠词对名词起限定作用，因此，又称冠词为限定词。 my，this等也是限定词中的一种。在英语中，不能把两个限定词并连起来使用。（4）表示特别含义的名词前不用冠词在表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前一般不用冠词。He usually has (his) supper at home.（通常他都在家里吃晚饭。）Neither volleyball nor basketball is a hundred years old.（排球和篮球都没有一百年的历史。）We like eating watermelons in summer.（夏天我们喜欢吃西瓜。）Little Tom goes to school in September.He likes all subjects except chemistry.（小汤姆九月份去上学了，除了化学之外，他喜欢所有的学科。）重要：民间节日前用定冠词 在民间节日前，即以festival组成的节日名称前要加定冠词the。 the Spring Festival春节；the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节（5）家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一个人担任的职务名词前不用冠词If you promise me,I’ll make you King.（如果你答应我，我会让你当上国王。）Father is on business in Shanghai.（爸爸在上海出差。）补充：家庭成员名称的表示 这时，家庭成员的名称即使不在句首，其首字母也要大写。 如果有必要，可以在家庭成员的名称前加my，our等物主代词。Sir,please show me another one.（先生，请给我看看另外一个。）（6）与by连用的交通工具名称前不用冠词（7）两个相同或相对的名词构成的平行结构前不用冠词两个关系密切、经常成对使用的单数可数名词，或者用介词或连词连结成的平行结构，其前面的冠词经常省略。The workers built the bridge day and night.（工人们日夜不停地修建桥梁。）I want pen and ink.（我需要笔墨。）（8）在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同A.school，church，market，bed等为表示“处所”的名词，当它们只是指与这些“处所”的用途或功能有关的活动，而不是指具体地点时，其前面通常不加冠词。B.当指明地点，或是为其他目的去这些处所时，它们前面就要加上冠词。必背：不带冠词的词组Common Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）陷阱例题①A:Do you play __________ piano in your free time?B:No,I like sports.I often play __________ soccer with my friends.【福州中考】句意提示：A：你业余时间弹钢琴吗？ B：不，我喜欢体育运动。我常和我的朋友们一起踢足球。陷阱追击：本题考查定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。乐器和球类运动等名词前是否用冠词、用定冠词还是不定冠词，是最容易误用的地方。正确解析：乐器名词前要用定冠词the，球类名词前不用冠词。正确答案为B。陷阱例题②Mary has a bad cold.She has to stay in __________ bed.【长沙中考】句意提示：玛丽得了重感冒。她不得不卧床休息。陷阱追击：本题考查不用冠词的情况。受题干中前一句子的影响，容易误选A或C。正确解析：stay in bed是固定短语，不用冠词，表示“呆在床上休息”。正确答案为B。陷阱例题③What __________ useful book!And __________ book is popular with students.【达州中考】句意提示：多么有用的一本书啊！这本书很受学生们的欢迎。陷阱追击：不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，本题第一个空容易误选。正确解析：useful是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用a；第二个空考查第二次提到的事物用定冠词the。正确答案为D。陷阱例题④I usually have an egg,some bread and __________ cup of milk for __________ breakfast.【成都中考】句意提示：早餐我通常吃一个鸡蛋、一些面包，然后再喝一杯牛奶。陷阱追击：在表示三餐、季节、星期、语言、学科、游戏和棋类等名词前一般不用冠词。本题第二个空容易误选A或B。正确解析：不定冠词a在固定短语a cup of milk中表示数量“一”。正确答案为C。Final Check（实力测验）1.用适当的冠词（a/an，the）填空，不需要填冠词时用“/”来表示1.I come to __________ school by __________ bus.2.This morning __________ bus was late.3.I went to __________ restaurant last night.4.I went to __________ bed late.5.A:Where are my shoes? B:On __________ floor of __________ kitchen.6.Beijing is __________ capital of China.7.What’s __________ name of __________ theatre we went to last night?8.What time does your plane arrive?I’ll come to __________ airport to meet you.9.When you come to bed,can you put __________ cat out and turn off __________ lights?10.Last night we had __________ dinner in __________ restaurant.11.A:How much are the driving lessons? B:Fifteen pounds __________ hour.12.We arrived in __________ Paris on __________ third of August.13.Jane and Bill are __________ very nice couple.Jane has __________ clothes shop,and Bill works in __________ office in __________ centre of town.14.Leave early if you want to miss __________ rush hour.15.My friend lives in __________ same street as I.16.My sister is __________ teacher in __________ school near Tianjin.She has three children,two girls and __________ boy.__________ girls are in her class at school,but __________ boy isn’t old enough for school yet.17.A:Where are they? B:They’re in __________ garden.18.We had __________ lovely holiday in Spain.We’re going back there __________ next year.19.My favourite subject is __________ history,but I’m not very good at __________ maths.20.I work for __________ company that makes __________ carpets.21.I was at __________ home all __________ day yesterday.2.用适当的冠词填写下列短文（一）L:lady G:guestL:Would you like (1)__________ apple?G:Oh,yes please!I love (2)__________ apples.L:Well,there’s (3)__________ big one and some small ones.G:Oh,I’ll have (4)__________ small one,please.L:Are you sure you won’t have (5)__________ big one?G:Yes,thanks!What (6)__________ tasty apple!L:Good.And I’ll have (7)__________ big one myself.（二）As (1)__________ writer,I seem to spend (2)__________ most of (3)__________ time working at (4)__________ home,not in (5)__________ office,sitting in (6)__________ front of (7)__________ typewriter.In (8)__________ fact,(9)__________ only people I see regularly are (10)__________ members of my family and it is difficult to keep in (11)__________ touch with (12)__________ friends I made at (13)__________ school.I’m always getting (14)__________ letters and (15)__________ phone calls from (16)__________ people at (17)__________ publisher’s,though,and I do try to go out of (18)__________ house at (19)__________ least once (20)__________ day.3.选择填空1.I often have __________ egg and some bread for breakfast.2.She is __________ English girl and we are __________ Chinese boys.3.There is a desk in his bedroom.On __________ desk there is __________ pencil-box.4.Yesterday I went to __________ school on __________ foot.5.Harry Potter III is __________ interesting story and we all like it.6.My sister doesn’t like playing __________ piano,but I like it very much.7.A:Mum,where is my MP4? B:It’s in __________ white bag on your desk.8.A:How about __________ photo show? B:I should say it was __________ success.9.Let’s go to __________ beach—that’ll take your mind off the problem for __________ while.10.I just have __________ cup of milk for __________ supper.KEYS:1.解说：4.go/come to school,to bed（去/来上学，上床睡觉），be at school,in bed,in hospital（在上学，卧床，住院）等是固定词组，名词前面不加冠词。在这类词组中，school，bed，hospital等名词所表示的意思已经不仅仅是一个地点。2.（一）（二）3.【课后作业】Choose the best answer . ( )1.______Great Wall is ______longest wall in the world . The, the B. A, a C. A , the D. The , a ( ) 2.Who’s ______woman over there ?/ B. the C.a D.an ( )3.Shanghai is in ______east of China . B.an C. a D.the( )4.I can see a little white sheep in the field . ______sheep is Nancy’s . A. A B.The C.An D. / ( )5. ______old lady in brown is ______university professor . A. An , a B. A, / C. The , an D.The , a ( )6. Did you enter for ______hit jump o4 ______400-meter race . A.a, a B. a , the C. the, a D.the, the ( )7.More college graduates would like to work in ______best part of our country ______next year . A.the, the B./, the C./,/ D.the , / ( )8. The scientist from ______Unites States live in ______Ninth Street . A. the, the B. /, the C. /,/ D.the, / ( )9.There is ______report in today’s newspapers . It’s about the International Film Festival , Shanghai . A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )10.The old lady teaches children to play ______piano at a weekend school . A.a B. an C. the D./ ( )11. They will have ______meeting in ______that room .A.the, the B.a,/ C./,a D./,/ ( )12. My grandpa used to have ______walk in the garden after ______supper . A.a, a B. /,a C. a, / D./,/ ( )13.There is ______“h”in the world “honest”. A. a B.an C.the D./( )14.Which ocean is larger , ______Pacific or ______ Atlantic ? A.the ,the B. a, a C. /,/ D.the，/ ( )15. ______young are willing to serve ______old . A. The, the B./,/ C. A, the D.A, an ( )16. ______ Whites are watching TV after supper . A. / B. The C. A D.An ( )17. ______Yellow River is______ longest river in our country . A. The , / B./, the C. /,/ D.The , the ( )18.This is a story about ______one-eyed captain . A. a B.an C. the D./ ( )19. Where is Jenny ? She has gone to ______cinema . A. a B. an C. the D./( ) 20.I’d like to send the parcel by ______ship . A. a B. an C. the D./Keys:1-10 ABDBD ADAAC11-20 BCBAA BDACD 1. Marco Polo and his father traveled by .A. a ship B. ships C. ship D. the ship【答案】C.by表示乘坐交通工具时，直接加交通工具。2. Each year, fishes are killed by the polluted water and many people are made sick by the polluted air. A. millions of B. million of C. two millions of D. two millions 【答案】A.million前加数字时，不能加s，也不能加of，CD选项错了。如果表示模糊的数量，需要加s加of，所以选A。3. book is very useful. I bought it from unknown little town.A.A;a B.The;a C.A; an D. The; an【答案】D.第一个空用the，这本书很有用，是特指，后面有提到从哪里买的。第二空是指一个不知名的小书店，unknown前要用an，所以选D.4. The post office is in______Seventh Street.A. the B./ C.a D.an【答案】B.序数词前不用加定冠词。5.He became a super star_________.A. In his thirty B. In his thirties C. At his thirty D. At his thirties【答案】B.在某人多少岁时，用in his thirties。6.Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a【答案】C.第一个空是特指“我”落下的笔，用the。第二个空，问是不是一个黑色的，这里没有特指。7.I got a beautiful bike on ______birthday. I like it very much.A.Fifteenth B.Fifteen C.My fifteen D.My fifteenth【答案】D.根据句意，是在我的十五岁生日时，要用序数词，并且加上“我的”来修饰。8.Now, everybody, please turn to Page.________and look at the pictureA. Fifth; five B.Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth D.Five;five【答案】B.表达页数的时候，直接由page+数字。第二个空是看第几个图片，所以要用序数词。9.I think_________of the materials I listened to at the very beginning of the exam easy.A. One fourths; is B. First four; are C. One fourth; are D. First fourth; are【答案】C.第一个空填分数，分子为基数词，分母为序数词，所以应该用one fourth。后面应该用be动词的复数形式。10. About_________of the workers in the factory were born in the_________.A.Two-thirds; 1970 B. Two-thirds; 1970s C. Two-third; 1970 D. Two-third; 1970s 【答案】B.分数表达形式为：分子为基数词，加连字符，分母为序数词，如果分子为复数，分母要加s。In the 1970s，为固定表达形式，表示在20世纪70年代。11. Tom .has just finished writing a article.A. nine-hundred-words B. nine-hundreds-wordC. nine-hundred-word D. nine-hundreds-words【答案】C.nine-hundred-word在这里做定语修饰article，加连字符的话就不能加s。12. We have known each other for .A. a year and half B. a year with half C. a year and a half D. a year with a half【答案】C.这里考察的是年份时间的表达形式，“一年半”选C.或者也可以说是“one and a half years”13 . of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.A.Three quarters B. Three quarter C Thirds four D. Threes fourth【答案】A.本题考查的是对分数的运用，四分之三表达形式为“Three quarters”，或者是“three fourths” people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. Many millions B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions of【答案】B.hundred,thousand,million等表达数量的词，前面如果加具体的数字，则不能加s，也不能和of连用。如果表达一个模糊的数字，比如“成百上千，成千上万”等，则加s，与of连用。 15. About of the surface of the earth covered with water. A.three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are【答案】C.第一个空为四分之三，表达一个整体，所以第二个be动词用单数is即可。16. There are in this building, I live on .A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floor C. nine floor, nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor 【答案】A.根据题意，这个建筑有九层楼，所以用nine floors，我住在第九层，要用序数词表达。17.The water behind the Three Gorges Dams(三峡大坝) should be higher than downstream.A. sixty-five meter B.sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth【答案】C.sixty-five meters在这里表达的是65米高，数字加连字符，meters前没有连字符要加s。 18. There are more than doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital. A. thousands of B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of【答案】B.hundred,thousand,million等表达数量的词，前面如果加具体的数字，则不能加s，也不能和of连用。如果表达一个模糊的数字，比如“成百上千，成千上万”等，则加s，与of连用。 19. To many foreigners, Guangzhou has become their home town.A.Two B. second C. the second D. a second【答案】B.根据题意，广州成为他们的第二个家乡，所以选序数词second。 the soldiers and doctors went to Ya'an to help the people there two month ago.A.Thousands of B. Two thousand C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of【答案】D.hundred,thousand,million等表达数量的词，前面如果加具体的数字，则不能加s，也不能和of连用。如果表达一个模糊的数字，比如“成百上千，成千上万”等，则加s，与of连用。 21.Henry is tallest in their class.A.Three B. the three C. third D.the third【答案】D.此题除了考察序数词的使用，还有最高级前要加定冠词the。22. The number of the girls in our school about six . A. are; hundreds B. is; hundreds C. are; hundred D. is; hundred【答案】D.the number of意为“·······的总数”，这里表达一个总体的数字，谓语动词要用单数。Hundred前加具体的数字表达几百的时候，不能加s。23. Britain is European country and China is___Asian country.A. an,an B. a, a C.a,an D. an,a【答案】C.考察不定冠词的运用。European是元音开头但不是元音发音，所以不能用an。Asian是元音开头元音发音，所以用an。24.It took me hour and half to finish work.A.a，a，a B.an，a，a C. an, a, the D. an, a， /【答案】C.一个半小时表达为an hour and a half，hour是元音发音，前面要用an，work前用the，表示特指。25.Xi'an is old city with long history, isn't it?A. a, an B.an, a C. the, the D. the, a【答案】B.old前用an，with a long history 拥有着悠久的历史，固定表达用法。26:There's "u" and ____"s" in______word "use".an, a, the B. a, an, / C. a, a, a D. a, an, the【答案】D.u是元音，但是发音不是元音，用a，s是元音发音，用an，第三个空，表达在use这个单词里面，用the表达特指。27. She is_____ newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the, the B.the,不填 C.a，不填 D.a,the【答案】C.第一个空，她是新入门的，用a即可，后面在化学上，不用加冠词。28. A little boy,wrote____ "U" and "n" on the wall.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an. D. a;.a【答案】A.u不是元音发音，用a，n是元音发音，所以用an。29. Mary has___high fever and she has to be in___hospital. A. a; / B. a; the . C. /; / D. the; the【答案】A.发烧，have a fever，为固定用法。in hospital意为住院，in the hospital意为在医院。根据题意应该选A.30. _____old lady in brown is____university professor.A.An;a B.An;/ C. The;an D.The;a【答案】D.第一个空填the表特指，后半句提到她是大学生教授，university虽然为原因开头，但不是元音发音，所以应该用a31. We always have._____rice for______lunch. A./,/ B.the,/ C./,a D.the, the【答案】A.此题为固定搭配，吃午饭，吃什么食物，中间不用加冠词。 doctor told me to take medicine three time day，stay in bed，then I would be better soon.A./,a,a,the B.A,the,the,/ C.The,the,a,/ D.A,/,a,/ 【答案】C.医生告诉我，所以前面应该用the，表示哪个医生。后面说吃药，应该加the，一天三次表达方式为three times a day。“呆在床上”为固定搭配，不用加定冠词。33. Tom and Lucy are of ____same age.A. the B. a C. an D. /【答案】A.用定冠词the，表达同样的一个年纪，表示特指。34. January is first month of the year.A. a B./ C.an D.the【答案】D.序数词前要加the。35. Shut door, please.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】C.固定表达。36. Einstein won ____Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.A.a B.an C.the D. /【答案】C.赢得了1921年的诺贝尔奖，用the表达特指，指代1921年的诺贝奖。37.I like music, but I don't like ___music of that TV play.A. a B.an C.the D./【答案】C.“我不喜欢那个电视机里播放的音乐”，这里的音乐表示特指电视机里的音乐，所以选the表示特指。38. We often have sports after class, and I like to play_____ basketball.A. a B.an C.the D./【答案】D.表达玩球类运动时，不用加任何定冠词。表达玩乐器时，要用定冠词the。39. More college graduates would like to work in west part of our country next year.A. the, the B./,/ C./,the D.the,/【答案】D.第一个空表达的是，我们国家的西部，所以用the。下一年前不需要加定冠词修饰。40.At that time Tom was_______one-year-old babyA.a B.an C.the D. / 【答案】A.根据句意，“在那时，Tom是一个一岁的小男孩”，用a来修饰，one是元音开头，但不是元音发音，所以选a。41. Great Wall is longest wall in the worldA. A; a B. The; the C. A; the D. The; a【答案】B.长城表达方式为：“The Great Wall”，是固定用法。最高级前面要加the。42.We often take part in after class activities(活动) ，I like to play________basketball,but mybrother likes to play guitar.A.a;the B.the;the C./,/ D.不填,the【答案】D.玩球类运动不用任何定冠词修饰。玩乐器时，要加定冠词the。43. My best friend Neil, is _______honest boy. You can believe him.A. a B.an C.the D./【答案】B.根据句意，“我最好的朋友，是一个诚实的男孩，你可以信任他。”honest是元音发音，所以前面要用an。44. wounded________been sent to the hospital.A.The,has B. The,have C./,has D./,have【答案】A.the+名词可以表示这一类人，谓语动词用单数形式。45. The children dream of going to college one day.A.a B.the C./ D.【答案】C.“上大学”为固定表达方式，go to college即可。46. Father went to school to see Mr. Chen.A. a B.the C./ D.【答案】B.根据题意，爸爸去学校去看陈先生，这个学校应该是陈先生的学校，用the表示特指。47. We can see sun and moon in picture.A.a; the; the B.the; a; the C. a; the; a D. the; the; the【答案】D.月亮、太阳等行星是独一无二的，前面要用定冠词the来修饰，在这张图片上，应该是“我们”正在看的这张图片，所以选the，表示特指。48. monkey can climb trees.A.the B.A;/ C.The;a D./;/【答案】B.根据题意，“一个猴子在爬树”，monkey是单数，前面用a，后面树是复数，前面不能加定冠词修饰。We often play football in of the school building.a front B. fronts C. front D. the front【答案】C.in front of 在····的前面，为固定搭配。50.There is a map on left of the picture. A. the B. / C. a D. an 【答案】A.在某物的左边或者右边，都用the来修饰。51.The students of our school climbed West Mountains. A.the B.this C.that D./ 【答案】A.在西山前面要用the表示特指，这是独一无二的。 52. The ship is sailing on Pacific Ocean A.a B.the C. / D.that【答案】B.在山和湖泊海洋等这一类名词前，要用the。 初中语法讲义冠词 年 月 日a European countrya university（注意：注意辨识是否元音：两词首字母e和u是元音字母，但音标是[j]和[ju]，它们不是元音，而是辅音。）a boyan islandan elephantan onionan honouran hour（注意：注意h不发音：h是辅音字母，但它不发音。hour开头的音标是[au]，是元音。）an umbrella（u读[ʌ]，是元音，前面也要用an）a bike→an old bike一辆旧自行车an island→a large island一个巨大的岛a boy→an honest boy一个诚实的男孩an elephant→a white elephant一头白象have a word with sb.和某人谈话have a drink喝点什么have a bath/a shower洗澡，淋浴have a swim游泳have a look (at)看一看have a talk谈话have a fever发烧have/take a walk散步have a good time过得愉快have a nice trip旅途愉快give a lesson授课have a rest休息一下in a/one word总之（一句话）many a time许多次the east东方the west西方the south南方the north北方the left左边the right右边the world世界the universe宇宙the earth地球the Mars火星the moon月亮the sun太阳the River Seine塞纳河the Yangtze River长江the North China Plain华北平原the Yellow River黄河the Great Wall长城the United Nations/the UN联合国the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国（注意：专有名词前不用冠词：一般情况下，专有名词前不用冠词，所以China之前不用冠词。）play the flute吹笛子play the violin拉小提琴play the guitar弹吉他play the piano弹钢琴the rich富人the deaf聋人the young年轻人the poor穷人the blind盲人the old老人in the daytime在白天at/in the beginning开始in the middle of...在……中间in the end最后，终于by the way顺便说一下the same as...同……一样in/at the front of...在某物的前部on the right/left在右边/左边the day before yesterday前天the day after tomorrow后天in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上on the night of March 12th在3月12日的夜晚Tom汤姆Hyde Park海德公园China中国Shanghai上海New Year’s Day新年May五月Tian’anmen Square天安门广场by car乘汽车by taxi乘出租车by bike骑自行车by mail邮寄by land由陆路by sea由水路day and night日夜from head to foot从头到脚heart and soul全心全意地from right to left从右到左man and boy从小到大face to face面对面father and son父子arm in arm臂挽着臂husband and wife夫妻day after day日复一日pen and ink笔墨inch by inch一点点地knife and fork刀叉side by side肩并肩go to school (to study)去上学go to market (to buy or sell)去市场go to bed (to sleep)就寝go to church (to pray)去做礼拜go to the bed到床跟前去go to the church去教堂go to hospital去医院看病go to prison进监狱（成为犯人）go to church做礼拜go to market去市场（买东西）go to college上大学（读书）catch fire着火by bus/train/plane/air,sea/water乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/轮船by bike骑自行车on foot步行A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD.a;aA.aB./C.theA.a;aB.an;aC.the;theD.a;theA.a;aB.the;theC.a;/A.aB.anC.theD./A.a;aB.an;/C.a;theD.an;theA.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;aA.the;theB./;/C.a;/D.the;/A.aB.anC.theD./A.aB.anC.theD./A.aB.anC.theD./A.the;aB.the;/C.a;aD.a;/A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;aA.a;aB.the;theC.a;/D.the;/1./,/2.the3.a4./5.the,the6.the7.the,the8.the9.the,the10./,a11.an12./,the13.a,a,an,the14.the15.the16.a,a,a,The,the17.the18.a,/19./,/20.a,/21./,/1.an2./3.a4.a5.the6.a7.the1.a2./3.the4./5.the6./7.the8./9.the10.the11./12.the13./14./15./16.the17.the18.the19./20.a1.B2.B3.C4.B5.B6.C7.C8.A9.B10.C
第 份 第3章 冠词冠词是虚词，本身无词义也不能单独使用，它用在名词前帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。不定冠词：a dog一只狗；an ant一只蚂蚁定冠词：the dog这只狗；the ant这只蚂蚁1.不定冠词不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示某类人或物中不确定的一个。This is a poster of an action movie.（这是一张动作电影的海报。）Beijing is a beautiful city.（北京是一座美丽的城市。）1.不定冠词的形式A.不定冠词有a[ə]和an[ən]两种形式。a用于以辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的单词前，an用于以元音（不是元音字母）开头的单词前。B.形容词修饰名词时，不定冠词要放在形容词前，用a或an取决于形容词的读音。2.不定冠词的用法（1）用在可数名词的单数形式前面A.表示一类事物或人中的任意一个。There is an island over there.（那儿有一个岛。）Be sure to bring me a dictionary.（一定要给我带一本字典来。）He works six days a week.（他一周工作六天。）I found a small girl crying in the corner.（我发现一个小女孩在拐角处哭。）补充：a/an表示“一”a/an用在hundred，thousand，million等词前，具有one的意思，一般译成“一”。B.表示一类事物或人，a/an在此处不必翻译。An ear is an organ for listening.（耳朵是听觉器官。）A tiger is a wild animal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）说明：a表示“一类”a在这里只表示某一类，实际上它的意义和“Tigers are wild animals.”一样。A pig has a thin tail.（猪有条细尾巴。）An owl can see in the dark.（猫头鹰能在黑暗中看见东西。）（2）用在专有名词前面不定冠词用在专有名词前面，表示“一个”“一种”“一类”或“一个类似……的”。There was a Mr. White living in that old house last year.（去年有个怀特先生住在那个老房子里。）That city is a Venice in China.（那个城市是中国的威尼斯。）必背：含有a的词组2.定冠词定冠词表示特定的一个或一类人、事物，表示“这”“那”“这些”“那些”的意思，在可数名词的单、复数及不可数名词前都可以使用。This is the watch I borrowed yesterday.（这就是我昨天借的那只手表。）The people I met there were very friendly.（我在那里遇到的人很友善。）1.定冠词的发音定冠词the只有一种书写形式，但发音有两种，它在辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的词前弱读为[ðə]，在元音开头的词前重读为[ði]。the situation弱读[ðəˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃn]（这种形势）the big onion弱读[ðəbigˈʌnjən]（这个大个的洋葱）the Americans重读[ðiəˈmerɪkənz]（这些美国人）the old people重读[ðiəʊldˈpiːpl]（这些老年人）2.定冠词的基本用法（1）用在带有定语的名词前面定冠词用在带有定语的名词前面，特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The students in that room（定语）are all from America.（那间屋子里的学生都来自于美国。）Show me the photo of your family（定语）.（给我看看你家人的照片。）（2）用在重新提到的人或事物前面I met a lovely girl at the gate.Look,this is the girl coming.（我在门口遇到一个可爱的女孩。看，就是正走过来的这个女孩。）Cut up a tomato,and put the tomato on the bread.（将一个西红柿切碎，再将切碎的西红柿放在面包上。）说明：the在这里特指前面提到的那个西红柿。（3）用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面Please fill in the form and sign it.（请填写表格并签字。）Oh,you mean the boys.Open the window and you can see them.（哦，你指的是那些男孩子们，打开那扇窗户，你就能看见他们了。）（4）用在单数可数名词前面定冠词用在单数可数名词的前面，表示某一类人或事物。这种用法和不定冠词的用法相似。（请参见本章不定冠词部分的举例）The tiger is a wild animal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）说明：表示某一类人或事物时，可以用以下三种方法： The dog is a useful animal.（dog前用定冠词） →A dog is a useful animal.（dog前用不定冠词） →Dogs are useful animals.（dog本身用复数） 狗是（一种）有用的动物。3.定冠词的特殊用法（1）用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前面We have friends all over the world.（我们的朋友遍天下。）I live to the west of the Summer Palace.（我住在颐和园的西边。）（2）用在序数词、形容词最高级及only所修饰的名词前面It’s the second（序数词）country they will visit in Asia.（这是他们在亚洲要访问的第二个国家。）Autumn is the best（形容词最高级）season in Beijing.（秋天是北京最好的季节。）He is the only student（only修饰名词）who didn’t pass the exam.（他是惟一一个没通过考试的学生。）（3）用在江河、湖海、山脉、岛屿等地理专有名词前面The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River.（长江比黄河长。）（4）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前面（5）用在姓氏的复数形式前面定冠词用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。The Taylors were having dinner when I came in.（当我进来时，泰勒全家人/泰勒夫妇正在吃饭。）说明：the Taylors的两种译法 the Taylors可译为泰勒全家，也可译为泰勒夫妇。Don’t forget to invite the Greens.（别忘了邀请格林夫妇。）（6）用在乐器名词前面He can play the violin well,but he can’t play the piano.（他拉小提琴拉得很好，可他不会弹钢琴。）（7）和某些形容词连用定冠词和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。The poor are against the plan,but the rich are for it.（穷人们反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。）注意：在这种情况下，谓语动词需用复数形式。She devoted her life to helping the poor.（她毕生都在帮助穷人。）必背：含有the的词组及句型句型：What’s the matter with...?=What’s wrong with...?（……怎么了？） What’s the matter with you?=What’s wrong with you?（你怎么了？）句型：the+比较级……，the+比较级……（越……越……） The sooner,the better.（越快越好。） The more you eat,the fatter you get.（你吃得越多就越胖。）3.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前不用冠词这些词包括人名、地名、节日、月份、国名等。专有名词：物质名词：Paper is made from bamboo.（纸是竹子做的。）A fish can’t live without water.（鱼儿离不开水。）抽象名词：We love peace.（我们热爱和平。）Don’t give up hope.（不要放弃希望。）（2）表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词We are all students.（我们都是学生。）I like seeing films.（我喜欢看电影。）（3）有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前不用冠词（⚪）a/the schoolbag（⚪）his/my/her...schoolbag（⚪）this/that schoolbag（⚪）these/those schoolbags（⚪）both/all/(a) few schoolbags（×）a/the his schoolbag（×）a/the that schoolbag（×）the both/all schoolbags（⚪）Mike’s school is over there.（迈克的学校就在那边。）（×）The Mike’s school is over there.说明：限定词不能连用 冠词对名词起限定作用，因此，又称冠词为限定词。 my，this等也是限定词中的一种。在英语中，不能把两个限定词并连起来使用。（4）表示特别含义的名词前不用冠词在表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前一般不用冠词。He usually has (his) supper at home.（通常他都在家里吃晚饭。）Neither volleyball nor basketball is a hundred years old.（排球和篮球都没有一百年的历史。）We like eating watermelons in summer.（夏天我们喜欢吃西瓜。）Little Tom goes to school in September.He likes all subjects except chemistry.（小汤姆九月份去上学了，除了化学之外，他喜欢所有的学科。）重要：民间节日前用定冠词 在民间节日前，即以festival组成的节日名称前要加定冠词the。 the Spring Festival春节；the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节（5）家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一个人担任的职务名词前不用冠词If you promise me,I’ll make you King.（如果你答应我，我会让你当上国王。）Father is on business in Shanghai.（爸爸在上海出差。）补充：家庭成员名称的表示 这时，家庭成员的名称即使不在句首，其首字母也要大写。 如果有必要，可以在家庭成员的名称前加my，our等物主代词。Sir,please show me another one.（先生，请给我看看另外一个。）（6）与by连用的交通工具名称前不用冠词（7）两个相同或相对的名词构成的平行结构前不用冠词两个关系密切、经常成对使用的单数可数名词，或者用介词或连词连结成的平行结构，其前面的冠词经常省略。The workers built the bridge day and night.（工人们日夜不停地修建桥梁。）I want pen and ink.（我需要笔墨。）（8）在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同A.school，church，market，bed等为表示“处所”的名词，当它们只是指与这些“处所”的用途或功能有关的活动，而不是指具体地点时，其前面通常不加冠词。B.当指明地点，或是为其他目的去这些处所时，它们前面就要加上冠词。必背：不带冠词的词组Common Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）陷阱例题①A:Do you play __________ piano in your free time?B:No,I like sports.I often play __________ soccer with my friends.【福州中考】句意提示：A：你业余时间弹钢琴吗？ B：不，我喜欢体育运动。我常和我的朋友们一起踢足球。陷阱追击：本题考查定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。乐器和球类运动等名词前是否用冠词、用定冠词还是不定冠词，是最容易误用的地方。正确解析：乐器名词前要用定冠词the，球类名词前不用冠词。正确答案为B。陷阱例题②Mary has a bad cold.She has to stay in __________ bed.【长沙中考】句意提示：玛丽得了重感冒。她不得不卧床休息。陷阱追击：本题考查不用冠词的情况。受题干中前一句子的影响，容易误选A或C。正确解析：stay in bed是固定短语，不用冠词，表示“呆在床上休息”。正确答案为B。陷阱例题③What __________ useful book!And __________ book is popular with students.【达州中考】句意提示：多么有用的一本书啊！这本书很受学生们的欢迎。陷阱追击：不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，本题第一个空容易误选。正确解析：useful是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用a；第二个空考查第二次提到的事物用定冠词the。正确答案为D。陷阱例题④I usually have an egg,some bread and __________ cup of milk for __________ breakfast.【成都中考】句意提示：早餐我通常吃一个鸡蛋、一些面包，然后再喝一杯牛奶。陷阱追击：在表示三餐、季节、星期、语言、学科、游戏和棋类等名词前一般不用冠词。本题第二个空容易误选A或B。正确解析：不定冠词a在固定短语a cup of milk中表示数量“一”。正确答案为C。Final Check（实力测验）1.用适当的冠词（a/an，the）填空，不需要填冠词时用“/”来表示1.I come to __________ school by __________ bus.2.This morning __________ bus was late.3.I went to __________ restaurant last night.4.I went to __________ bed late.5.A:Where are my shoes? B:On __________ floor of __________ kitchen.6.Beijing is __________ capital of China.7.What’s __________ name of __________ theatre we went to last night?8.What time does your plane arrive?I’ll come to __________ airport to meet you.9.When you come to bed,can you put __________ cat out and turn off __________ lights?10.Last night we had __________ dinner in __________ restaurant.11.A:How much are the driving lessons? B:Fifteen pounds __________ hour.12.We arrived in __________ Paris on __________ third of August.13.Jane and Bill are __________ very nice couple.Jane has __________ clothes shop,and Bill works in __________ office in __________ centre of town.14.Leave early if you want to miss __________ rush hour.15.My friend lives in __________ same street as I.16.My sister is __________ teacher in __________ school near Tianjin.She has three children,two girls and __________ boy.__________ girls are in her class at school,but __________ boy isn’t old enough for school yet.17.A:Where are they? B:They’re in __________ garden.18.We had __________ lovely holiday in Spain.We’re going back there __________ next year.19.My favourite subject is __________ history,but I’m not very good at __________ maths.20.I work for __________ company that makes __________ carpets.21.I was at __________ home all __________ day yesterday.2.用适当的冠词填写下列短文（一）L:lady G:guestL:Would you like (1)__________ apple?G:Oh,yes please!I love (2)__________ apples.L:Well,there’s (3)__________ big one and some small ones.G:Oh,I’ll have (4)__________ small one,please.L:Are you sure you won’t have (5)__________ big one?G:Yes,thanks!What (6)__________ tasty apple!L:Good.And I’ll have (7)__________ big one myself.（二）As (1)__________ writer,I seem to spend (2)__________ most of (3)__________ time working at (4)__________ home,not in (5)__________ office,sitting in (6)__________ front of (7)__________ typewriter.In (8)__________ fact,(9)__________ only people I see regularly are (10)__________ members of my family and it is difficult to keep in (11)__________ touch with (12)__________ friends I made at (13)__________ school.I’m always getting (14)__________ letters and (15)__________ phone calls from (16)__________ people at (17)__________ publisher’s,though,and I do try to go out of (18)__________ house at (19)__________ least once (20)__________ day.3.选择填空1.I often have __________ egg and some bread for breakfast.2.She is __________ English girl and we are __________ Chinese boys.3.There is a desk in his bedroom.On __________ desk there is __________ pencil-box.4.Yesterday I went to __________ school on __________ foot.5.Harry Potter III is __________ interesting story and we all like it.6.My sister doesn’t like playing __________ piano,but I like it very much.7.A:Mum,where is my MP4? B:It’s in __________ white bag on your desk.8.A:How about __________ photo show? B:I should say it was __________ success.9.Let’s go to __________ beach—that’ll take your mind off the problem for __________ while.10.I just have __________ cup of milk for __________ supper.KEYS:1.解说：4.go/come to school,to bed（去/来上学，上床睡觉），be at school,in bed,in hospital（在上学，卧床，住院）等是固定词组，名词前面不加冠词。在这类词组中，school，bed，hospital等名词所表示的意思已经不仅仅是一个地点。2.（一）（二）3.【课后作业】Choose the best answer . ( )1.______Great Wall is ______longest wall in the world . The, the B. A, a C. A , the D. The , a ( ) 2.Who’s ______woman over there ?/ B. the C.a D.an ( )3.Shanghai is in ______east of China . B.an C. a D.the( )4.I can see a little white sheep in the field . ______sheep is Nancy’s . A. A B.The C.An D. / ( )5. ______old lady in brown is ______university professor . A. An , a B. A, / C. The , an D.The , a ( )6. Did you enter for ______hit jump o4 ______400-meter race . A.a, a B. a , the C. the, a D.the, the ( )7.More college graduates would like to work in ______best part of our country ______next year . A.the, the B./, the C./,/ D.the , / ( )8. The scientist from ______Unites States live in ______Ninth Street . A. the, the B. /, the C. /,/ D.the, / ( )9.There is ______report in today’s newspapers . It’s about the International Film Festival , Shanghai . A. a B. an C. the D./ ( )10.The old lady teaches children to play ______piano at a weekend school . A.a B. an C. the D./ ( )11. They will have ______meeting in ______that room .A.the, the B.a,/ C./,a D./,/ ( )12. My grandpa used to have ______walk in the garden after ______supper . A.a, a B. /,a C. a, / D./,/ ( )13.There is ______“h”in the world “honest”. A. a B.an C.the D./( )14.Which ocean is larger , ______Pacific or ______ Atlantic ? A.the ,the B. a, a C. /,/ D.the，/ ( )15. ______young are willing to serve ______old . A. The, the B./,/ C. A, the D.A, an ( )16. ______ Whites are watching TV after supper . A. / B. The C. A D.An ( )17. ______Yellow River is______ longest river in our country . A. The , / B./, the C. /,/ D.The , the ( )18.This is a story about ______one-eyed captain . A. a B.an C. the D./ ( )19. Where is Jenny ? She has gone to ______cinema . A. a B. an C. the D./( ) 20.I’d like to send the parcel by ______ship . A. a B. an C. the D./Keys:1-10 ABDBD ADAAC11-20 BCBAA BDACD 1. Marco Polo and his father traveled by .A. a ship B. ships C. ship D. the ship【答案】C.by表示乘坐交通工具时，直接加交通工具。2. Each year, fishes are killed by the polluted water and many people are made sick by the polluted air. A. millions of B. million of C. two millions of D. two millions 【答案】A.million前加数字时，不能加s，也不能加of，CD选项错了。如果表示模糊的数量，需要加s加of，所以选A。3. book is very useful. I bought it from unknown little town.A.A;a B.The;a C.A; an D. The; an【答案】D.第一个空用the，这本书很有用，是特指，后面有提到从哪里买的。第二空是指一个不知名的小书店，unknown前要用an，所以选D.4. The post office is in______Seventh Street.A. the B./ C.a D.an【答案】B.序数词前不用加定冠词。5.He became a super star_________.A. In his thirty B. In his thirties C. At his thirty D. At his thirties【答案】B.在某人多少岁时，用in his thirties。6.Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a【答案】C.第一个空是特指“我”落下的笔，用the。第二个空，问是不是一个黑色的，这里没有特指。7.I got a beautiful bike on ______birthday. I like it very much.A.Fifteenth B.Fifteen C.My fifteen D.My fifteenth【答案】D.根据句意，是在我的十五岁生日时，要用序数词，并且加上“我的”来修饰。8.Now, everybody, please turn to Page.________and look at the pictureA. Fifth; five B.Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth D.Five;five【答案】B.表达页数的时候，直接由page+数字。第二个空是看第几个图片，所以要用序数词。9.I think_________of the materials I listened to at the very beginning of the exam easy.A. One fourths; is B. First four; are C. One fourth; are D. First fourth; are【答案】C.第一个空填分数，分子为基数词，分母为序数词，所以应该用one fourth。后面应该用be动词的复数形式。10. About_________of the workers in the factory were born in the_________.A.Two-thirds; 1970 B. Two-thirds; 1970s C. Two-third; 1970 D. Two-third; 1970s 【答案】B.分数表达形式为：分子为基数词，加连字符，分母为序数词，如果分子为复数，分母要加s。In the 1970s，为固定表达形式，表示在20世纪70年代。11. Tom .has just finished writing a article.A. nine-hundred-words B. nine-hundreds-wordC. nine-hundred-word D. nine-hundreds-words【答案】C.nine-hundred-word在这里做定语修饰article，加连字符的话就不能加s。12. We have known each other for .A. a year and half B. a year with half C. a year and a half D. a year with a half【答案】C.这里考察的是年份时间的表达形式，“一年半”选C.或者也可以说是“one and a half years”13 . of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.A.Three quarters B. Three quarter C Thirds four D. Threes fourth【答案】A.本题考查的是对分数的运用，四分之三表达形式为“Three quarters”，或者是“three fourths” people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. Many millions B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions of【答案】B.hundred,thousand,million等表达数量的词，前面如果加具体的数字，则不能加s，也不能和of连用。如果表达一个模糊的数字，比如“成百上千，成千上万”等，则加s，与of连用。 15. About of the surface of the earth covered with water. A.three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are【答案】C.第一个空为四分之三，表达一个整体，所以第二个be动词用单数is即可。16. There are in this building, I live on .A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floor C. nine floor, nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor 【答案】A.根据题意，这个建筑有九层楼，所以用nine floors，我住在第九层，要用序数词表达。17.The water behind the Three Gorges Dams(三峡大坝) should be higher than downstream.A. sixty-five meter B.sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth【答案】C.sixty-five meters在这里表达的是65米高，数字加连字符，meters前没有连字符要加s。 18. There are more than doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital. A. thousands of B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of【答案】B.hundred,thousand,million等表达数量的词，前面如果加具体的数字，则不能加s，也不能和of连用。如果表达一个模糊的数字，比如“成百上千，成千上万”等，则加s，与of连用。 19. To many foreigners, Guangzhou has become their home town.A.Two B. second C. the second D. a second【答案】B.根据题意，广州成为他们的第二个家乡，所以选序数词second。 the soldiers and doctors went to Ya'an to help the people there two month ago.A.Thousands of B. Two thousand C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of【答案】D.hundred,thousand,million等表达数量的词，前面如果加具体的数字，则不能加s，也不能和of连用。如果表达一个模糊的数字，比如“成百上千，成千上万”等，则加s，与of连用。 21.Henry is tallest in their class.A.Three B. the three C. third D.the third【答案】D.此题除了考察序数词的使用，还有最高级前要加定冠词the。22. The number of the girls in our school about six . A. are; hundreds B. is; hundreds C. are; hundred D. is; hundred【答案】D.the number of意为“·······的总数”，这里表达一个总体的数字，谓语动词要用单数。Hundred前加具体的数字表达几百的时候，不能加s。23. Britain is European country and China is___Asian country.A. an,an B. a, a C.a,an D. an,a【答案】C.考察不定冠词的运用。European是元音开头但不是元音发音，所以不能用an。Asian是元音开头元音发音，所以用an。24.It took me hour and half to finish work.A.a，a，a B.an，a，a C. an, a, the D. an, a， /【答案】C.一个半小时表达为an hour and a half，hour是元音发音，前面要用an，work前用the，表示特指。25.Xi'an is old city with long history, isn't it?A. a, an B.an, a C. the, the D. the, a【答案】B.old前用an，with a long history 拥有着悠久的历史，固定表达用法。26:There's "u" and ____"s" in______word "use".an, a, the B. a, an, / C. a, a, a D. a, an, the【答案】D.u是元音，但是发音不是元音，用a，s是元音发音，用an，第三个空，表达在use这个单词里面，用the表达特指。27. She is_____ newcomer to chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the, the B.the,不填 C.a，不填 D.a,the【答案】C.第一个空，她是新入门的，用a即可，后面在化学上，不用加冠词。28. A little boy,wrote____ "U" and "n" on the wall.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an. D. a;.a【答案】A.u不是元音发音，用a，n是元音发音，所以用an。29. Mary has___high fever and she has to be in___hospital. A. a; / B. a; the . C. /; / D. the; the【答案】A.发烧，have a fever，为固定用法。in hospital意为住院，in the hospital意为在医院。根据题意应该选A.30. _____old lady in brown is____university professor.A.An;a B.An;/ C. The;an D.The;a【答案】D.第一个空填the表特指，后半句提到她是大学生教授，university虽然为原因开头，但不是元音发音，所以应该用a31. We always have._____rice for______lunch. A./,/ B.the,/ C./,a D.the, the【答案】A.此题为固定搭配，吃午饭，吃什么食物，中间不用加冠词。 doctor told me to take medicine three time day，stay in bed，then I would be better soon.A./,a,a,the B.A,the,the,/ C.The,the,a,/ D.A,/,a,/ 【答案】C.医生告诉我，所以前面应该用the，表示哪个医生。后面说吃药，应该加the，一天三次表达方式为three times a day。“呆在床上”为固定搭配，不用加定冠词。33. Tom and Lucy are of ____same age.A. the B. a C. an D. /【答案】A.用定冠词the，表达同样的一个年纪，表示特指。34. January is first month of the year.A. a B./ C.an D.the【答案】D.序数词前要加the。35. Shut door, please.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】C.固定表达。36. Einstein won ____Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.A.a B.an C.the D. /【答案】C.赢得了1921年的诺贝尔奖，用the表达特指，指代1921年的诺贝奖。37.I like music, but I don't like ___music of that TV play.A. a B.an C.the D./【答案】C.“我不喜欢那个电视机里播放的音乐”，这里的音乐表示特指电视机里的音乐，所以选the表示特指。38. We often have sports after class, and I like to play_____ basketball.A. a B.an C.the D./【答案】D.表达玩球类运动时，不用加任何定冠词。表达玩乐器时，要用定冠词the。39. More college graduates would like to work in west part of our country next year.A. the, the B./,/ C./,the D.the,/【答案】D.第一个空表达的是，我们国家的西部，所以用the。下一年前不需要加定冠词修饰。40.At that time Tom was_______one-year-old babyA.a B.an C.the D. / 【答案】A.根据句意，“在那时，Tom是一个一岁的小男孩”，用a来修饰，one是元音开头，但不是元音发音，所以选a。41. Great Wall is longest wall in the worldA. A; a B. The; the C. A; the D. The; a【答案】B.长城表达方式为：“The Great Wall”，是固定用法。最高级前面要加the。42.We often take part in after class activities(活动) ，I like to play________basketball,but mybrother likes to play guitar.A.a;the B.the;the C./,/ D.不填,the【答案】D.玩球类运动不用任何定冠词修饰。玩乐器时，要加定冠词the。43. My best friend Neil, is _______honest boy. You can believe him.A. a B.an C.the D./【答案】B.根据句意，“我最好的朋友，是一个诚实的男孩，你可以信任他。”honest是元音发音，所以前面要用an。44. wounded________been sent to the hospital.A.The,has B. The,have C./,has D./,have【答案】A.the+名词可以表示这一类人，谓语动词用单数形式。45. The children dream of going to college one day.A.a B.the C./ D.【答案】C.“上大学”为固定表达方式，go to college即可。46. Father went to school to see Mr. Chen.A. a B.the C./ D.【答案】B.根据题意，爸爸去学校去看陈先生，这个学校应该是陈先生的学校，用the表示特指。47. We can see sun and moon in picture.A.a; the; the B.the; a; the C. a; the; a D. the; the; the【答案】D.月亮、太阳等行星是独一无二的，前面要用定冠词the来修饰，在这张图片上，应该是“我们”正在看的这张图片，所以选the，表示特指。48. monkey can climb trees.A.the B.A;/ C.The;a D./;/【答案】B.根据题意，“一个猴子在爬树”，monkey是单数，前面用a，后面树是复数，前面不能加定冠词修饰。We often play football in of the school building.a front B. fronts C. front D. the front【答案】C.in front of 在····的前面，为固定搭配。50.There is a map on left of the picture. A. the B. / C. a D. an 【答案】A.在某物的左边或者右边，都用the来修饰。51.The students of our school climbed West Mountains. A.the B.this C.that D./ 【答案】A.在西山前面要用the表示特指，这是独一无二的。 52. The ship is sailing on Pacific Ocean A.a B.the C. / D.that【答案】B.在山和湖泊海洋等这一类名词前，要用the。 初中语法讲义冠词 年 月 日a European countrya university（注意：注意辨识是否元音：两词首字母e和u是元音字母，但音标是[j]和[ju]，它们不是元音，而是辅音。）a boyan islandan elephantan onionan honouran hour（注意：注意h不发音：h是辅音字母，但它不发音。hour开头的音标是[au]，是元音。）an umbrella（u读[ʌ]，是元音，前面也要用an）a bike→an old bike一辆旧自行车an island→a large island一个巨大的岛a boy→an honest boy一个诚实的男孩an elephant→a white elephant一头白象have a word with sb.和某人谈话have a drink喝点什么have a bath/a shower洗澡，淋浴have a swim游泳have a look (at)看一看have a talk谈话have a fever发烧have/take a walk散步have a good time过得愉快have a nice trip旅途愉快give a lesson授课have a rest休息一下in a/one word总之（一句话）many a time许多次the east东方the west西方the south南方the north北方the left左边the right右边the world世界the universe宇宙the earth地球the Mars火星the moon月亮the sun太阳the River Seine塞纳河the Yangtze River长江the North China Plain华北平原the Yellow River黄河the Great Wall长城the United Nations/the UN联合国the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国（注意：专有名词前不用冠词：一般情况下，专有名词前不用冠词，所以China之前不用冠词。）play the flute吹笛子play the violin拉小提琴play the guitar弹吉他play the piano弹钢琴the rich富人the deaf聋人the young年轻人the poor穷人the blind盲人the old老人in the daytime在白天at/in the beginning开始in the middle of...在……中间in the end最后，终于by the way顺便说一下the same as...同……一样in/at the front of...在某物的前部on the right/left在右边/左边the day before yesterday前天the day after tomorrow后天in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上on the night of March 12th在3月12日的夜晚Tom汤姆Hyde Park海德公园China中国Shanghai上海New Year’s Day新年May五月Tian’anmen Square天安门广场by car乘汽车by taxi乘出租车by bike骑自行车by mail邮寄by land由陆路by sea由水路day and night日夜from head to foot从头到脚heart and soul全心全意地from right to left从右到左man and boy从小到大face to face面对面father and son父子arm in arm臂挽着臂husband and wife夫妻day after day日复一日pen and ink笔墨inch by inch一点点地knife and fork刀叉side by side肩并肩go to school (to study)去上学go to market (to buy or sell)去市场go to bed (to sleep)就寝go to church (to pray)去做礼拜go to the bed到床跟前去go to the church去教堂go to hospital去医院看病go to prison进监狱（成为犯人）go to church做礼拜go to market去市场（买东西）go to college上大学（读书）catch fire着火by bus/train/plane/air,sea/water乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/轮船by bike骑自行车on foot步行A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD.a;aA.aB./C.theA.a;aB.an;aC.the;theD.a;theA.a;aB.the;theC.a;/A.aB.anC.theD./A.a;aB.an;/C.a;theD.an;theA.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;aA.the;theB./;/C.a;/D.the;/A.aB.anC.theD./A.aB.anC.theD./A.aB.anC.theD./A.the;aB.the;/C.a;aD.a;/A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;aA.a;aB.the;theC.a;/D.the;/1./,/2.the3.a4./5.the,the6.the7.the,the8.the9.the,the10./,a11.an12./,the13.a,a,an,the14.the15.the16.a,a,a,The,the17.the18.a,/19./,/20.a,/21./,/1.an2./3.a4.a5.the6.a7.the1.a2./3.the4./5.the6./7.the8./9.the10.the11./12.the13./14./15./16.the17.the18.the19./20.a1.B2.B3.C4.B5.B6.C7.C8.A9.B10.C
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