【备注2024中职高考】中职英语 二轮复习 阅读专题训练 （三十七）宇宙（含答案+解析）

这是一份【备注2024中职高考】中职英语 二轮复习 阅读专题训练 （三十七）宇宙（含答案+解析），共6页。试卷主要包含了阅读单选等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读单选
China has named the natin’s first Mars rver (火星车) Zhu Rng. Fr all f us, Zhu Rng is the best name.
In an ancient Chinese stry, Zhu Rng had the face f a man and the bdy f an animal. He rde n tw dragns. When he had a big fight with Gng Gng, the gd f water, Zhu Rng wn. But after the fight, the human wrld came int cmplete darkness. Then he brught fire frm heaven (天国) t the wrld.
“Zhu Rng is regarded as the earliest gd f fire in traditinal Chinese culture, ” a space fficial said. “The first Mars rver was named Zhu Rng. The name symblizes (象征) light and hpe fr space explratin (探索) in ur cuntry, and means t guide humans t cntinue explratin.”
After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rng mved arund Mars fr several mnths and landed n it in May. In recent years, ur cuntry has sent up the wrld’s first quanturm satellite (量子卫星), and Chang’e-4 has made a sft landing n the mn. We have made great prgress in space technlgy and will sn start building ur wn space statin.
1．What Zhu Rng brught frm heaven t the wrld was ________.
A．fireB．warsC．waterD．animals
2．Fr China’s space explratin, the name Zhu Rng symblizes ________.
A．a big fightB．cmplete darknessC．light and hpeD．Chinese culture
3．The underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refers t “ ________”.
A．the earthB．MarsC．the mnD．the sun
4．Accrding t the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．Zhu Rng is a bad persn in an ancient Chinese stry
B．China has made little prgress in space technlgy
C．the writer is prud f China’s space technlgy
D．the fficial desn’t like the name Zhu Rng
Have yu ever lked at the sky and thught abut darkness? Is it nthing? Or is there smething in the dark? Csmlgists (宇宙学家) try t answer questins abut things in space. They even study the darkness in space. They say the universe is abut 5 percent “nrmal” matter—things we can see, like Earth and ther planets, and the sun and ther stars. But abut 70 percent f the universe is smething called dark energy.
Csmlgists say the ther 25 percent f the universe is dark matter. Dark matter has sme weight. It’s heavy s we knw it’s there. But we can’t see it, s it is very hard t study smething that yu can’t see!
One pssible kind f dark matter is a brwn dwarf (褐矮星). A brwn dwarf is t big t be a planet and t small t be a star. Brwn dwarfs are clder than stars, and they dn’t give ff light that peple can see. Csmlgists fund them by using a telescpe that finds heat. They fund the first brwn dwarf in 1995.
Csmlgists knw a lt abut ne kind f dark matter—black hles. In 1783, an English astrnmer, Jhn Michell, guessed that there were black hles. But csmlgists didn’t find any black hles until 188 years later. Since then, they’ve fund many black hles in space.
It’s very dark with much gravity (引力) in a black hle. There is s much gravity in a black hle that nthing can get ut, nt even light. This is why we can’t see them. Csmlgists find black hles by lking at things arund them.
Fr example, stars and gases near a black hle mve very fast.
Things in space can fall int a black hle, and when they d, they can never get ut. But dn’t wrry—Earth will never fall int a black hle because there is nt ne clse enugh.
5．When did csmlgists first find black hles?
A．In 1783.B．In 1971.C．In 1995.D．In 1595.
6．What can we knw abut brwn dwarfs?
A．They are as big as planets r stars.B．They give ff light that peple can sec.
C．The first ne was fund by using a telescpe.D．They are much htter than stars and planets.
7．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Black Hles in Space.B．Dark Energy in Space.
C．Nrmal Matter in the Universe.D．Dark Matter in the Universe.
8．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．We have knwn nthing abut dark matter s far.
B．Earth culd fall int a black hle in several centuries.
C．The earth is t far away frm a black hle t fall int it.
D．The biggest black hle is as big as ten billin f ur sun.
Mars(火星) is the furth planet frm Sun. It is hme t bth the highest muntain and the deepest, lngest valley(山谷) in the slar system(太阳系). Olympus Mns, the highest muntain n Mars, is abut 27 kilmeters high, abut three times as tall as Qmlangma. And the deepest valley n Mars reaches as deep as 10 kilmeters and runs east west fr abut 4, 000 kilmeters, abut ne fifth f the distance arund Mars and clse t the width f Australia.
Mars is much clder than Earth because it’s farther away frm Sun. The highest temperature can reach 20℃ while the lwest can be as lw as -140℃. Just like Earth, Sun gives Mars seasns. Hwever, the seasns that Mars experiences are mre extreme than Earth’s. Fr example, when Mars is farthest frm Sun, the suthern part f Mars experiences a very lng and cld winter, abut six mnths n Earth.
Mars lies farther frm Sun than Earth des, s the Red Planet has a lnger year—687 days cmpared t 365 fr ur hme wrld. Hwever, the tw planets have similar day lengths, 24 hurs and 40 minutes fr Mars and 24 hurs fr Earth.
Mars is far frm an easy planet t reach but many cuntries like the USA, Russia, China and Japan are always trying t send peple there. Rbts have gt the tickets t Mars and it’s believed that Man will get the tickets by the 2030s, althugh it still remains a big challenge nw. And scientists say it will take at least six mnths fr peple t travel t Mars.
9．The height f the highest muntain in the slar system is ________.
A．10 kilmetersB．27 kilmetersC．800 kilmetersD．4, 000 kilmeters
10．The underlined wrd “extreme” in the passage means _________.
A．dangerusB．seriusC．unusualD．changeable
11．Mars has a lnger year than Earth because _________.
A．Mars lies clser t SunB．Mars is farther away frm Sun
C．Mars lies clser t EarthD．Mars is farther away frm Earth
12．We can learn frm the last paragraph that ________.
A．n rbts have arrived n MarsB．humans have gt t Mars
C．it’s a lng way t Mars frm EarthD．it’s an easy thing t reach Mars
13．This passage is mainly abut ________.
A．facts abut MarsB．ways t MarsC．pinins n MarsD．muntains n Mars
China launched the Shenzhu XIII manned spacecraft at 12:23 a.m. n Octber 16, 2021, carrying three astrnauts(宇航员) wh will stay inside the cuntry’s Tiangng space statin fr six mnths.
14．China launched the Shenzhu XIII manned spacecraft at 12:23 a.m. n ________
A．Octber 16, 2020B．June, 2013C．Octber 16, 2021D．September, 2008
15．Hw lng will the three astrnauts stay in the space statin?
A．Three mnths.B．Six mnths.C．Six days.D．Six years
16．Wh is the first Chinese astrnaut t take a spacewalk？
A．Zhai Zhigang.B．Wang Yaping.C．Ye Guangfu.D．Yang Liwei.
17．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the chart?
A．Ye Guangfu is making his secnd jurney t space.
B．Wang Yaping enjys traveling and calligraphy.
C．Zhai Zhigang tk part in the Shenzhu VII missin in September 2008.
D．Wang Yaping,Ye Guangfu and Zhai Zhigang are f the same age.
18．Where may the passage be frm?
A．A science newspaperB．A stry bkC．A sprts websiteD．A health magazine
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍我国的第一个火星车被命名为“祝融”的渊源介绍了我国宇航事业的巨大发展。
1．细节理解题。根据“Then he brught fire frm heaven t the wrld.”可知祝融从天国带到人类世界的是火。故选 A。
2．细节理解题。根据“The name symblizes light and hpe fr space explratin in ur cuntry.”可知这个名字象征着我国太空探索的光明与希望。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据“After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rng mved arund Mars fr several mnths and landed n it in May.” 可知去年夏天离开地球后，祝融号绕火星飞行了几个月，并于今年5月在它上面登陆，所以推测it代指火星，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“We have made great prgress in space technlgy and will sn start building ur wn space statin.”可知我们在宇航技术方面取得了巨大的进步，不久将开始建设我们自己的空间站，所以推测作者为中国的宇航技术感到骄傲。故选C。
5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文介绍了有关宇宙的一些知识，包括褐矮星以及黑洞等。
5．细节理解题。根据“In 1783, an English astrnmer, Jhn Michell, guessed that there were black hles. But csmlgists didn’t find any black hles until 188 years later”可知，直到1971年才第一次发现黑洞，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“Csmlgists fund them by using a telescpe that finds heat. They fund the first brwn dwarf in 1995.”可知，宇宙学家通过使用热望远镜发现了第一颗褐矮星，故选C。
7．最佳标题题。根据“But abut 70 percent f the universe is smething called dark energy.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍宇宙中的暗物质的情况，故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据“ dn’t wrry—Earth will never fall int a black hle because there is nt ne clse enugh.”可知，地球永远不会落入黑洞，因为地球离黑洞太远，故选C。
9．B 10．B 11．B 12．C 13．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于火星的一些事实。
9．细节理解题。根据“Mars(火星)is the furth planet frm Sun. It is hme t bth the highest muntain and the deepest, lngest valley(山谷)in the slar system(太阳系). Olympus Mns, the highest muntain n Mars, is abut 27 kilmeters high, abut three times as tall as Qmlangma.”可知, 火星是太阳系中的一颗行星，最高峰“Olympus Mns”在火星上，高度是27公里。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据“Fr example, when Mars is farthest frm Sun, the suthern part f Mars experiences a very lng and cld winter, abut six mnths n Earth.”可知，火星冬季时长大约为六个月，温差很大，所以火星上的季节比地球上的季节更加极端，结合选项可知，此处extreme意为“极端的”，与serius同义。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据“Mars lies farther frm Sun than Earth des, s the Red Planet has a lnger year—687 days cmpared t 365 fr ur hme wrld.”可知，火星的年份比地球长，因为火星比地球离太阳更远。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“And scientists say it will take at least six mnths fr peple t travel t Mars.”可知， 从地球到火星有很长的路。故选C。
13．主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 这篇文章主要讲述了关于火星上的山、谷、温度、季节、年长等信息，即：关于火星的一些事实。故选A。
14．C 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．A
【分析】文章介绍了三位在天宫空间站停留六个月的宇航员的一些信息。
14．细节理解题。根据“China launched the Shenzhu XIII manned spacecraft at 12:23 a.m. n Octber 16, 2021”可知，中国于2021年10月16日上午12时23分发射了神舟十三号载人飞船，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据“carrying three astrnauts(宇航员) wh will stay inside the cuntry’s Tiangng space statin fr six mnths.”可知，三名宇航员在天宫空间站停留六个月，故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据“Zhai Zhigang”对应的信息“He is the cuntry’s first astrnaut t take a spacewalk”可知，翟志刚是中国第一位进行太空行走的宇航员，故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据“Zhai Zhigang is 55 years ld frm he was a missin cmmander(指挥官) during the Shenzhu VII missin in September 2008.”可知，翟志刚于2008年9月参加了神舟七号任务，故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据“China launched the Shenzhu XIII manned spacecraft at 12:23 a.m. n Octber 16, 2021, carrying three astrnauts(宇航员) wh will stay inside the cuntry’s Tiangng space statin fr six mnths.”及下文的介绍可知，文章主要是介绍了三位在天宫空间站停留六个月的宇航员的一些信息，是与科学有关的，应是在科学报纸上，故选A。
Astrnauts
Persnal Infrmatin
Zhai Zhigang
Zhai Zhigang is 55 years ld frm Heilngjiang. He likes calligraphy(书法). He is the cuntry’s first astrnaut t take a spacewalk, having dne it when he was a missin cmmander(指挥官) during the Shenzhu VII missin in September 2008.
Wang Yaping
Wang Yaping is 41 years ld frm Shandng. She lves traveling and music. She is China’s secnd female astrnaut(女航天员) t take part in a spaceflight and was a member f the Shenzhu X missin in June 2013. The 41-year-ld Wang became the first female astrnaut t enter Tiangng space statin t take a spacewalk.
Ye Guangfu
Ye Guangfu is 41 years ld t. He cmes frm Sichuan. He is interested in reading and basketball. He is making his first jurney t space.