【全套精品专题】仁爱科普版 英语期末复习专题 精讲 第2讲 代词(不带答案)
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第2章 代词
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词在英语中的使用是很频繁的,这是因为在英语语言习惯中,第二次提到一些名词时,一般用代词代替这些名词。
英语中的代词,按其意义、特征以及在句子中的作用可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、不定代词、疑问代词和关系代词。
典型例句:1.David bught a skatebard.(戴维买了一个滑板。)
典型例句:2.He is playing n it nw.(他现在正在玩滑板。)
说明:典型例句1中的名词David,在典型例句2中用代词He代替;a skatebard则用代词it代替。
1.人称代词
1.人称代词概述
人称代词是指代人、动物或事物的代词,如表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”“他们”的词。
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,详见下表:
2.人称代词的基本用法
She is my friend.(她是我的朋友。)
It’s me.(是我。)
My baby likes him very much.(我家宝宝非常喜欢他。)
(1)人称代词作主语(用主格)
I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。)
She is a gd student.(她是个好学生。)
注意:如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语,且用and,r连接,人称的习惯顺序是:
单数:yu,he and I 复数:we,yu and they
若是表示做错事,承担责任时,有时说话的人会把I(我)放在第一位。
A:Wh brke the windw?(谁打碎了窗户玻璃?)
B:I and Li Ming.(我和李明。)
(2)人称代词作表语
A.人称代词作表语,在口语中常用宾格。
A:Wh is there?(是谁啊?)
B:It’s me.(是我。)
B.人称代词作表语,若其后跟有wh或that引导的从句,则可用主格,表示强调。
It was I wh did the cake fr my mther.(是我为妈妈做的蛋糕。)
切记:I一定要大写
无论放在句首、句中或句尾,I(我)都要大写。
She is mre excellent than I.(她比我更优秀。)
(3)人称代词作宾语(用宾格)
D yu knw her?(你认识她吗?)
Cme with me.(跟我来。)
I saw him in the supermarket.(我在超市看到他了。)
3.人称代词的特殊用法
It will snw tmrrw.(明天会下雪。)
They drink wine at meals in France.(法国人吃饭时喝葡萄酒。)
(1)it的特殊用法
A.一般情况下,it表示人以外的动物或东西,是单数名词的代词,译为“它”。
A:Where is yu bike?(你的自行车在哪儿?)
B:It is ver there.(它在那边。)
补充:it有时也可指人
It’s me.Open the dr,please.(是我,请开门。)
B.指天气、时间、距离等时,可用it来代替,此时it并不译为“它”,而是作为无实际含义的主语,构成无人称句。
指天气:It was raining this mrning.(今天上午一直在下雨。)
指气候:It’s warm in this rm.(这个房间很暖和。)
指时间:A:What time is it?(几点了?)B:It’s ten thirty.(十点半了。)
指距离:A:Hw far is it frm here t the bank?(从这儿到银行有多远?)
B:It’s abut three miles.(大约三英里。)
(2)we,yu,they的特殊用法
we,yu,they有时并非指特定的人,不必译出“我们”“你们”“他们”。
We had a heavy snw yesterday.(昨天下了一场大雪。)
Yu dn’t see many freigners there.(在那儿,人们见不到很多外国人。)
They speak English in Canada.(在加拿大,人们说英语。)
说明:they用来表示泛指
此句中的They用来泛指,但不泛指一切人,而指不包括说话人在内的那些“人们”。
2.物主代词
1.物主代词概述
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词,也可叫代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
物主代词人称和数的变化见下表:
2.物主代词的基本用法
Olivia is my freign teacher.(奥利维亚是我的外教。)
A:Is that car yurs?(那辆车是你的吗?)B:Yes,it’s mine.(是的,是我的。)
(1)形容词性物主代词只可作定语
形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,在句中只能作定语。换句话中,形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。
I like his car.(我喜欢他的车。)
补充:形容词性物主代词+名词
“形容词性物主代词+名词”可改写为名词性物主代词。
This is her dll.=This dll is hers.(这是她的玩具娃娃。)
(2)名词性物主代词可作主语
Our huse is here,and theirs is there.(我们的房子在这儿,他们的在那儿。)
(3)名词性物主代词可作表语
A:Whse car is this?(这是谁的车?)B:It’s hers(=her car).(是她的。)
A:Is that car yurs?(那辆车是你的吗?)B:Yes,it’s mine.(是的,它是我的。)
(4)名词性物主代词可作宾语
Let’s clean their rm first and urs(=ur rm) later.
(先打扫他们的房间,再打扫我们的。)
I have lst my dictinary.Wuld yu please lend me yurs?
(我的字典丢了,请把你的借给我好吗?)
注意:
句型:a/an/this/that/sme/n等+名词+f+名词性所有格
They like this lvely child f yurs.(他们喜欢你家的小宝贝。)
A friend f urs is cming sn.(我们的一个朋友马上就来。)
That watch f hers is beautiful.(她的那块表很漂亮。)
(暗示她有许多块表)
比较:形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别:
This is my bk.(这是我的书。)
形容词性物主代词 名词(my后面必须加名词)
This bk is mine.(这本书是我的。)
名词 名词性物主代词(mine后面不可加名词)
切记:冠词a之后不能加所有格
冠词a/an/the和this,that,sme等词后不能加所有格。
(⚪)a friend f mine 我的一位朋友
(×)a my friend
3.指示代词
1.指示代词概述
表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。指示代词有this,that,these,thse等。
2.指示代词的基本用法
指示代词在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
This is my dll.That is Mary’s.(这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的。)
(1)指示代词作主语
This is a gd idea.(这是个好主意。)=This idea is gd.(这个主意不错。)
(2)指示代词作表语
What he wants is that/this.(他想要的是那个/这个。)
(3)指示代词作宾语
Yu like this but I like that.(你喜欢这个,而我却喜欢那个。)
(4)指示代词作定语
What is the use f thse bks?(那些书有什么用处呢?)
3.指示代词的特殊用法
The histry f China is as interesting as that f America.
(中国的历史和美国的历史一样有趣。)
Did yu knw this?(你知道这件事吗?)
(1)that,thse的替代
为了避免重复,可用that,thse代替前面提到过的事物,但是this,these一般不可用于这种代替。
The weather in Kunming is better than that(=the weather) in Beijing.(北京的天气不如昆明好。)
The radis made in Shanghai are as gd as thse(=the radis) made in Tianjin.
(上海生产的收音机和天津生产的一样好。)
His interest are different frm thse(=the interests) f his childhd.
(他的兴趣和童年时代不同了。)
说明:A is different frm B in...表示“A与B在……方面不同”。
She is different frm her twin sister in character.
她和她的双胞胎妹妹性格不同。
(2)this,that的替代
this,that有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。
She was ill.That’s why she didn’t cme here. 她病了,那就是她没来这儿的原因。
(这句话中的that作主语,代替前面讲到的原因,即:She was ill.)
He brke the windw,and that cst him 15 dllars.
他打破了窗玻璃,那(打破玻璃这件事)花费了他15美元。
补充:this和these一般用来指下面将要讲到的事物。
Dn’t be t excited when yu hear this.(听了这个你不要激动。)
4.反身代词
1.反身代词概述
表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫反身代词(有些语法书也称为“自身代词”)。
2.反身代词的种类
英语中反身代词由人称代词或物主代词加后缀-self或-selves构成,有人称和数的变化。
详见下表:
3.反身代词的用法
Yu may g and ask the teacher himself.(你可以去问老师本人。)
Glria learned hw t prtect herself in diving.
(格洛丽亚学会了如何在潜水时保护自己。)
(1)反身代词作同位语
反身代词用作同位语以加强语气,表示强调“本人,自己”,在句中的位置较灵活。
He cked it himself.=He himself cked it.(他自己做的饭。)
I spke t the bss himself.(我是对老板本人讲的。)
(2)反身代词作宾语
反身代词作宾语表示动作返回到动作执行者本身,即主语和宾语是指同一个或同一些人或物。
Jane saw herself in the mirrr.(简在镜子中看见了她自己。)
比较:如果是人称代词的宾格作宾语,则主语和宾语不是指同一个人或物。
Jane saw her in the mirrr.(简在镜子中看见了她。)
(her指另外一个人)
Einstein taught himself advanced maths.(爱因斯坦自学高等数学。)
(3)反身代词作表语
His friend is nt quite himself tday.(他的朋友今天情绪有些反常。)
(4)介词+反身代词
Lucy said t herself, “Where am I?”(露西自言自语道:“我在哪儿呢?”)
I went t the supermarket by himself.(我一个人去超市了。)
(意思是“我独自一个人在没有别人的帮助下去的那儿”。by neself相当于alne或withut help)
比较:I went t the supermarket myself.(我亲自去的超市。)
(强调不需要别人去,我自己去的)
注意:反身代词的构成
第一、二人称是:形容词性物主代词+self(或selves)
第三人称是:人称代词的宾格+self(或selves)
切记:反身代词短语
5.相互代词
1.相互代词的形式
相互代词表示一个动作在它所涉及的各个对象间是相互存在的。
2.相互代词的用法
(1)相互代词作宾语
We help each ther/ne anther.(我们互相帮助。)
Dn’t talk t each ther/ne anther.(不要互相说话。)
补充:在当代英语中,each ther和ne anther都指代两个或两个以上的人或物,可以互换使用。
Tm and Paul are passing t each ther.(汤姆和保罗正在互相传球。)
说明:each ther是介词t的宾语。
We dn’t ften see each ther nw.(我们现在不常见面了。)
注意:有些中文在字面上没有“互相”“彼此”等字,但译成英语时需要用each ther(互相、彼此)。
(2)所有格形式作定语
We shuld pint ut each ther’s/ne anther’s shrtcmings.
(我们应该指出彼此的缺点。)
They knw each ther’s favurite(s).(他们了解彼此的爱好。)
6.不定代词
1.不定代词概述
不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,bth,each,every,sme,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,ne,nes,either,neither,ther,anther,n,nne以及含有sme-,any-,n-等的复合不定代词(如:smething,anybdy,nbdy)。
这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。但是nne和由sme-,any-,n-,every+thing/bdy/ne构成的复合不定代词(如smebdy等)只能作主语、宾语或表语。
2.ne的用法
ne具有名词和形容词性质,表示“一个”的意思;既可指人,也可指物。ne在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(1)ne和nes的一般用法
One(指人,作主语)shuld try ne’s best t serve the peple.
(一个人应该尽最大努力为人民服务。)
A:Lk at that by!(看那个男孩!)
B:Which ne(指人)?
A:The ne(指人)wearing a blue sweater.(穿着蓝色毛衣的那个。)
Which bxes are bigger,these nes(指物,=these bxes)r thse nes(指物)?
(哪些盒子更大一些,这些还是那些?)
I’ve been lking fr a pencil,but I can’t find ne(指物,作宾语).
(我一直在找一支铅笔,可是找不到。)
One(主语)shuld nt praise neself(宾语).
(人不应该炫耀自己。)
(2)ne和nes用来代替
ne和nes可用来代替前面出现过的可数名词(单数或复数),以避免重复。
A:Lk!There are many pictures.(看!有很多幅画。)
B:Which ne(=picture) d yu like best?(你最喜欢哪一幅?)
B:Which nes(=pictures) d yu like best?(你最喜欢哪几幅?)
补充:ne和nes指的都是同类异物。ne代替单数,nes代替复数。
A:D yu have a USB disk?(你有U盘吗?)
B:Yes,I have ne.(是的,我有一个。)
This cup is dirty;please give me anther ne.
(这个杯子不干净,请给我另外一个。)
I like small cars better than large nes.
(我喜欢小型汽车胜过喜欢大型汽车。)
(3)ne和nes的修饰词
ne的前面可用the,this,that,which等词修饰,同时ne和nes还可以用形容词来修饰。
There are three packs,which ne is yurs,this ne r that ne r the ne in the trunk?
(这儿有三个背包,哪一个是你的?这个,那个,还是在后备箱里的那个?)
I have an ld bike,and she has a new ne.(我有辆旧自行车,她有辆新的。)
The highlighter is blue.Will yu please give me a red ne?
(这支荧光笔是蓝色的。请给我一支红色的好吗?)
The highlighters are blue.Will yu please pass me sme red nes?
(这些荧光笔是蓝色的。请递给我几支红色的好吗?)
补充:wn后面不用ne
My shes dn’t fit yu;yu’d better wear yur wn.
(你穿我的鞋不合适,你最好还是穿你自己的。)
(4)关于ne的注意事项
A.数词ne指数字“一”,代词ne代替前面提到过的人或物。
I have ne(数词)present,but she has three.It’s unfair.
(我有一个礼物,但是她有三个。这不公平。)
This is nt the ne(代词)I want.(这不是我想要的那一个。)
B.it,ne和that在用法上的不同
(1)it用来指特定的东西,复数形式用they或them。
A:May I use yur basketball?(我可以用你的篮球吗?)
B:Sure,yu can use it(=the basketball).(当然,你用吧。)
补充:it只能用来指物,它所指的特定东西是前面提到过的某物,即指代的是同类同物。
A:May I use yur bks?(我可以用你的书吗?)
B:Sure,yu can use them(=the bks).(当然,你用吧。)
说明:sure还可以用f curse或certainly替换。
(2)ne代替前面提到过的人或物,不表示特指,特指需加限定词the,this等。
A:Can yu lend me yur pen?(能把你的钢笔借给我吗?)
B:I’m srry,I haven’t gt ne(不特指).(很抱歉,我没有。)
说明:ne=a pen,是泛指一支钢笔,是同类(钢笔)但不同物。
A:Which ne des she prefer?(她喜欢哪一个?)
B:This ne(特指)n the right.(右边的那个。)
(3)that代表一个对等部分,复数形式用thse。
The weather in Beijing is clder than that(=the weather) in Guangzhu.
(北京的天气比广州要寒冷。)
注意:此句中的weather是不可数名词,只能用单数that。
C.ne的各种形式
ne的所有格形式是ne’s,反身代词是neself,但只有当ne作主语时,句子中才能使用ne’s或neself。
One must d ne’s duty.(人必须尽自己的职责。)
One shuld lk after neself.(人应该自己照顾自己。)
3.sme,any,n及其合成词的用法
I have sme mney in my pcket,but it is nt enugh.D yu have any?
(我口袋里有一些钱,但不够。你还有些吗?)
(1)sme,any的基本用法
sme,any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。sme一般用于肯定句中,译为“一些”;any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。
I have sme stry bks.(我有一些故事书。)
There is sme milk in the glass.(杯子里有一些牛奶。)
Yu can ask me if yu have any questins.
=Yu can ask me if yu have sme questins.(条件句)
(你有任何问题,都可以问我。)
说明:在条件句中用any,sme都可以。
I haven’t any mney.(=I have n mney.)
D yu have any?(我一分钱都没有了,你有吗?)
There aren’t any lemns n the table.
=There are n lemns n the table.(桌子上没有柠檬。)
I dn’t want any f yu t get lst.(我不想让你们任何一个人走失。)
补充:。any在否定句、疑问句中不必译出来。
(2)由sme,any构成的合成词的用法
I have smething imprtant(形容词)t tell yu.(我有重要的事告诉你。)
There isn’t anything wrng(形容词)with the cmputer.(这台电脑一点儿毛病也没有。)
He desn’t knw anything abut it.
=He knws nthing abut it.(关于这件事,他什么都不知道。)
Anybdy can d it.(任何人都可以做这件事。)
(anybdy在肯定句中加强了语气,意为“不论谁,任何人”)
注意:smething,anything,nthing有形容词修饰时,形容词要放在它们的后面。
(3)sme,any的特殊用法
A.在疑问句中,一般不用sme。
只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用sme。
Will yu have sme cffee?(你想喝咖啡吗?)表示邀请
Wuld yu like sme mre cffee?(你们还要些咖啡吗?)表示邀请
Haven’t yu frgtten smething?(你难道没忘记什么事吗?)
这表示问者肯定知道被问者忘了什么东西,所以用smething
Did smebdy call me this mrning?(今天上午有人给我打电话吧?)
这表示问者猜测或确定应该有人打过电话来找自己
重要:smething,anything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Has anything happened t her during the war?(战争中她出什么事了吗?)
Smething is wrng with the TV set.(电视机出毛病了。)
比较:Is there anything t eat?(有什么吃的吗?)不知道有没有,只是问一问
Is there smething t eat?(有一些吃的吧?)希望有,而且断定会有
B.在否定句中,sme表示部分否定,any表示全部否定。
He desn’t knw sme f yu.(他只认识你们中的一些人。)表示他不全认识你们
He desn’t knw any f yu.(他不认识你们。)表示全都不认识
重要:sme和any不能直接与人称代词连用,需要先加介词f,再跟人称代词宾格。
C.sme用于单数可数名词前时,表示“某个”,而不是“一些”。
This mrning sme girl asked fr yu.(今天上午,有个女孩要求见你。)
There must be sme reasn fr what she’s dne.(她做这些事,肯定有某种原因。)
I was reading when suddenly smene kncked at the dr.
(我正在看书,突然有人敲门。)
补充:sme在此处表示未知的或说话者不特别说明的人或物。
(4)n,nne及由n构成的合成词的用法
A.n的用法
n后面可跟可数名词和不可数名词,表示否定,相当于“nt+any或者nt+a”等。
(⚪)S far,n man has travelled farther than the mn.
(到目前为止,没人到过比月球还远的地方。)
(×)S far,any persn hasn’t travelled farther than the mn.
(×)S far,n man hasn’t travelled farther than the mn.
We’ve n gd friends here.
=We’ve nt any gd friends here.
=We’ve nt a gd friend here.(在这儿,我们一个好朋友也没有。)
There are n manges n the desk.
=There is n mang n the desk.
=There aren’t any manges n the desk.
=There isn’t a mang n the desk.(桌子上没有芒果。)
说明:mang是可数名词,可用四种句式来表示同一种含义。
There is n water in it.
=There isn’t any water in it.(里面没有水。)
说明:water是不可数名词,只能用这两种句式来表示。
B.nne的用法
与n不同,nne后面不能直接跟名词,它可以单独使用(主要用于回答Hw many或Hw much问句),也常和f连用;nne既可指人也可指物。
A:Hw much bread is there?(有多少面包?)
(⚪)B:Nne.=N bread.(一片也没有了。)
(×)B:Nne bread.
A:Hw many students went here?(有多少学生去那儿了?)
(⚪)B:Nne.=N students.=Nt a student.
(⚪)B:Nne f the students went there.(一个学生也没去。)
(×)B:Nne students.
(×)B:Any student didn’t g there.
补充:nne既可以指代可数名词,又可以指代不可数名词。nne指可数名词时,译为“没有一个人或物”;指不可数名词时,译为“没有一点儿……”。
Nne f them/the shes were the right size.(没有一双鞋的号码适合我。)
English is the first language in nne f these cuntries.
=English isn’t the first language in any f these cuntries.
(英语在这些国家里都不是母语。)
切记:表示“某人的母语”
ne’s first language=ne’s native language=ne’s mther tngue 某人的母语
C.nne可以指人或物;n ne=nbdy,只能指人。
A:Wh des he like?(他喜欢谁?)
B:N ne/Nne.(他谁也不喜欢。)
(⚪)Nne f the T-shirts is clean.(哪件T恤都不干净。)
(×)N ne f the T-shirts is clean.
D.合成代词nthing,nbdy一般作主语、宾语和表语。nthing被形容词修饰时,形容词要放在它的后面。
补充:nthing=nt+anything(指物)
nbdy=nt+anybdy(指人)
n ne=nt+anyne(指人)
(⚪)Nthing is serius.
(⚪)There is nthing serius.
(⚪)There isn’t anything serius.(没有什么严重的。)
(×)Anything isn’t serius.
Nbdy went t see him.(没人去看他。)
(5)n,sme和any及其合成词用法上的区别
A.n及其合成词nbdy,nthing是否定词,表示否定含义。
Nbdy remembered his name.(没人能记起他的名字。)
He said nthing.(他什么也没说。)
B.sme及smebdy,smething表示肯定含义时,用在肯定句中;但表示请求、客气的询问时,也可用在疑问句中。
There is smebdy wh wants t speak t yu.(有人要同你讲话。)
Wuld yu like smething t eat?(你想吃些什么吗?)
C.any及其合成词anybdy,anything一般用在否定句、疑问句和条件句中。
Des anybdy else want t g?(还有别的人要去吗?)
D yu have anything else t say?(你还有什么要说的吗?)
I dn’t knw anything abut her.
=I knw nthing abut her.(她的事,我一点也不知道。)
(⚪)There isn’t anything wrng with the radi.
(⚪)Nthing is wrng with the radi.(这台收音机没什么毛病。)
(×)Anything isn’t wrng with the radi.
(6)n,sme和any构成的合成词与不定式的连用
由n,sme和any构成的合成词nthing,nbdy,n ne,smething,smebdy,smene,anything,anybdy,anyne等可与不定式连用。
She has nthing t d and has nbdy t talk t.
(她没什么事可做,也没什么人可交谈。)
I’ve smething imprtant t d.(我有些重要的事要去做。)
Des he have anything t say?(他有什么事要说吗?)
注意:sme,any和n构成的这些复合词与形容词连用时,要放在形容词之前。
There is nthing interesting here.(这里没什么有趣的事。)
4.ther,anther的用法
(1)ther和the ther的用法
A.the ther作主语、宾语
the ther表示两个中的一个,常与ne连用,即“ ther...”。
He has tw pairs f sneakers;ne is Nike shes,(and) the ther is Adidas.
(他有两双运动鞋,一双是耐克鞋,另一双是阿迪达斯的。)
There are nly tw baseball caps left.I dn’t like this ne.Will yu please shw me the ther?
(只剩下两个棒球帽了。我不喜欢这一个,请给我另一个好吗?)
B.“ther+名词”相当于thers,意为“别的……”。
What ther things(=thers) can yu see?(你还看见了什么?)
Sme bys are reading bks,ther bys(=thers) are watching TV.
(有的男孩在看书,有的在看电视。)表示可能还有一些在干别的
Last Wednesday,sme students went t the Great Wall,ther students(=thers) stayed at hme.
(上周三,一些同学去了长城,一些同学呆在家里。)
表示可能还有一些同学既没去长城,也没呆在家里,而是在进行其他活动
C.“the ther+名词”相当于the thers,意为“其余的……”,相当于the rest。
There are thirty students in ur class.Twenty are girls.The ther students(=The thers) are bys.
(我们班有三十名学生,二十名是女孩,其余的是男孩。)
说明:只有男孩或女孩两种选择,所以只能用the ther+名词(=the thers)。
D.“ther+名词”与“the ther+名词”的用法比较
Sme f the clur pencils are red.The thers(=The ther clur pencils) are blue.
(有些彩色铅笔是红的,其余的都是蓝的。)
the thers表示除了红和蓝,没有别的颜色
Sme f the pencils are range,thers(=ther pencils) are blue.
(有些铅笔是橘色的,还有一些是蓝色的。)
thers表示可能还有一些笔是别的颜色,如绿色、黄色等
He may fall behind the ther students(=the thers/the rest) when he cmes back.
(当他回来时,他可能落在最后面了。)
表明他可能落在其他所有同学的后面,是最后一名了
He may fall behind ther students(=thers) when he cmes back.
(当他回来时,他可能落在后面了。)
表明他只是落后,不一定是最后一名
There are thirty students in ur class.Twenty are frm Beijing.Others are frm Shanghai.
(我们班有三十名学生,其中二十名来自北京,还有来自上海的。)
暗示其余十名学生不只是来自上海,还可能来自南京、杭州等
There are thirty students in ur class.Twenty are frm Beijing.The thers are frm Shanghai.
(我们班有三十名学生,其中二十名来自北京,其余的全来自上海。)
暗示其余的十名学生全都来自上海
Eight f us have passed the test.The thers haven’t.
(我们之中八人考试及格,其余的人都没及格。)
只有及格、不及格两种可能
(2)anther的用法
anther(=an ther)意为“别的、另一个”,泛指众多中的一个,可单独使用,也可后接单数名词或代词ne,前面不能加定冠词。
This bk is t difficult fr him.Will yu please give him anther(定语)ne(=anther bk)?
(这本书对他而言太难了,可以给他另一本吗?)
补充:有时anther可用在“数词+复数名词”前,译为“再、又”。
Yu may stay fr anther three days.(你可以再住三天。)
I dn’t like this ne.Shw me anther(宾语).
(我不喜欢这个,给我看看另一个好吗?)
I gt three bks:ne is a dictinary,anther(主语)is a grammar bk,and the third is a self-help bk.(我买了三本书,一本是字典,另一本是语法书,还有一本是励志书。)
(3)anther与the ther的用法比较
anther是指“许多中的另外一个”,而the ther是指“两个或两部分中的另外一个或另外一部分”。
They all lked at a big and nisy machine in anther crner f the machine shp.
(他们都看着在机车车间的另一个角落里的一个体积大而且噪音大的机器。)
因为房间里有两个以上的角落,所以用anther crner表示其中的任意一个
Nw China can send its TV and radi prgrammes t the ther side f the wrld.
(如今中国能够把电视及电台的节目发送到地球的另一边去。)
此句中指只有两边,从这一边发射到另一边,用the ther side
It’s anther way f saying fast.(这是另外一种说得快的方法。)
指有许多说得快的方法,不止两种,这只是其中的一种,所以用anther
Make new friends but keep the ld.One is silver and the ther is gld.
(结识新朋友,不忘老朋友。一方是银,另一方是金。)
指新老两种朋友,所以只能用the ther
5.all,bth的用法
All f us went t the mvies.(我们都去看电影了。)
Bth f my parents are healthy.(我的父母都很健康。)
(1)all的用法
all代表或修饰三个或三个以上的人或事物,all也可以代表或修饰不可数名词,可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。
All(主语)f us like t eat apples.
注意:“all f+人称代词宾格”中的f不能省略,即all的后面不能直接跟人称代词。
=We all(同位语)like t eat apples.(我们所有的人都喜欢吃苹果。)
All(主语)the il has been used up.(所有的油都用完了。)
il是不可数名词
Yu haven’t eaten all(宾语)(f) the ice cream.(你的冰淇淋还没有吃完。)
(2)bth的用法
bth是指“两者都……”,可以作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。
Bth(主语)f his children have blue eyes.(他的两个孩子都是蓝眼睛。)
They bth(同位语)want t g t the z.(他们俩都想去动物园。)
注意:all,bth的位置和频度副词一样,要放在be动词、情态动词及助动词后;如有多个助动词,则放在第一个助动词之后、行为动词(实义动词)之前。
The all/bth went there.(他们几个/两个都去那里了。)
They were all waiting utside the gate.(他们几个都在大门外等着。)
They were bth waiting utside the gate.(他们两个都在大门外等着。)
6.each,every的用法
(⚪)He has balls n each hand.(他的每个手中都有球。)
人有两只手,只能用each
(×)He has balls n every hand.
There are flwers n each/every side f the square.(广场的四周都是花。)
广场有四边,所以用each,every都可以,side要用单数
There are many trees n each side f the street.(街道两侧有许多树。)
因为街只有两边,所以只能用each,不能用every
Each by here likes ftball.
=Every by here likes ftball.
=All the bys here like ftball.(这里的每个/所有男孩都喜欢足球。)
(⚪)Each f the rms is big and bright.(每一个房间都宽敞明亮。)
(×)Every f the rms is big and bright.
(⚪)They came here and I gave a pen t each(=every ne f them).
(他们都来了,我给他们每人一支钢笔。)
(×)They came here and I gave a pen t every.
(⚪)Of curse,everyne/everybdy likes presents.
(⚪)Of curse,all peple like presents.(当然了,每个人都喜欢礼物。)
(×)Of curse,everyne like presents.
(×)Of curse,everyne peple likes presents.
注意:虽然everyne在意义上代表复数,相当于“大家”“所有的人”,但在句中作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式;合成词everyne/everybdy等词后不能再加名词。
说明:each作同位语时位置较灵活。
We each are praised.(同位语each在主语后面,谓语动词随主语we变化)
=We are praised each.(同位语each放在最后)我们每个人都受到了表扬。
比较:all,every和each的区别
All cuntries in Asia are against the plan.
=Every cuntry in Asia is against the plan.
=Each cuntry(=Each f the cuntries) in Asia is against the plan.
(亚洲的所有国家都反对这个计划。)
7.either,neither,bth的用法
(1)either,neither,bth的基本用法
either,neither和bth在句中都可以作主语、宾语和定语。用法详见下表:
Either f the mvies is gd.(两部电影中任何一部都不错。)
Neither f the mvies is gd.(两部电影都不好。)
Bth f the mvies are gd.(两部电影都好。)
(either,neither和bth作主语)
Yu can write t either f us.(你可以给我们两个人中的任意一个人写信。)
Yu can write t neither f us.(你不能给我们两个人中的任何一个人写信。)
Yu can write t bth f us.(你可以给我们两个人都写信。)
(either,neither和bth作宾语)
Either teacher ften answers the questins.(这两个老师中的任何一个都常常解答问题。)
Neither teacher ften answers the questins.(这两个老师都不经常解答问题。)
Bth teachers ften answer the questins.(这两个老师都常常解答问题。)
(either,neither和bth作定语)
比较:作定语时的区别
neither和either后面的名词用单数,谓语动词也用单数形式。
bth后面的名词用复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。
I have tw sisters.Bth(=Bth sisters) are dctrs.(我有两个姐姐,她们俩都是医生。)
I have tw sisters.Either is a dctr.(我有两个姐姐,其中一个是医生。)
I have tw sisters.Neither is a dctr.(我有两个姐姐,她们俩都不是医生。)(否定句)
Neither cup is clean,is it?(两个杯子没有一个是干净的,不是吗?)
说明:前半部分是否定句,因此反意疑问句要用肯定形式。
Bth my brther and yur sister have passed the exam.
(我哥哥和你姐姐(他们两个)都通过了考试。)
Either my brther r yur sister has passed the exam.
(不是我哥哥就是你姐姐考试及格了。)
(表示他们之中的一个考试及格)
Neither my brther nr yur sister has passed the exam.
(我哥哥和你姐姐(他们两个)都没通过考试。)
The cats were either t big r t small.(外套不是太大就是太小了。)
He was neither very big nr very strng.(他既不高大也不强壮。)
重要:,和是固定搭配,后面两个固定搭配的谓语动词符合就近原则。
(2)either,neither,bth,all,nne的区别
either,neither,bth,all,nne的用法详见下表:
Neither f them is right.(他们两个都不对。)
Either f them is right.(他们两个之中任何一个人都是对的。)
Bth f them are right.(他们两个都对。)
All f the are right.(他们全对。)
Nne f them are right.(他们全不对。)
切记:all与nne的用法一样,后跟单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;后跟复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。
8.many,much,a lt,a few,few,a little,little
many,much,a lt,a few,few,a little,little等不定代词都可以表示数量,并且都可以修饰名词。
比较:many/a lt (f),a few,few修饰可数名词;much/a lt (f),a little,little修饰不可数名词。
many,much/a lt (f),a few,a little表示肯定的意思;few,little组成的句子在形式上是肯定的,不能再加否定词nt,但在语法上它们属于否定句,表示否定的意思。
many和much主要用于疑问句和否定句中,在肯定句中多用a lt (f)或lts f。
We saw many ld things n shw in glass-tpped tables.
=We saw a lt f/lts f ld things n shw in glass-tpped tables.
(我们在观赏台的玻璃罩中看到很多古老的东西。)
(肯定句中多用a lt f或lts f而少用many)
At the party I didn’t knw many peple.(在聚会上我认识的人不多。)
But they have a few small differences,t.(但是他们也还是有些不同。)
(表示有区别)
We have few differences.(我们几乎没有不同。)(表示没区别)
Hw much mney d yu have?Can yu lend me sme?
(你有多少钱?能借给我一些吗?)
We were all very big and strng,and they felt a little afraid f us.
(我们个个都很高大、强壮,他们有点害怕我们。)
Althugh we were all very big and strng,they felt little afraid f us.
(虽然我们个个又高又壮,但他们一点也不惧怕我们。)
There are a few minutes left,aren’t there?Dn’t wrry!(还有几分钟,不是吗?别着急!)
There are few minutes left,are there?Hurry up!(没有时间了,是吗?快点儿!)
注意:nly,even,quite,just等词可以和a few,a little连用,而不能和few,little连用。
If yu learn even a little English,yu’ll find it useful after yu leave schl.
(哪怕只学一点英语,在你离开学校之后,你也会发现它是有用的。)
7.疑问代词和关系代词
Wh/Whm are yu waiting fr?(你在等谁?)
The student wh/that came first is Mary.(第一个来的学生是玛丽。)
说明:例1中的wh/whm是用来指代人的疑问代词,构成特殊疑问句,在句中作主语。例2中的关系代词wh/that引导定语从句。
(1)疑问代词
疑问代词有wh,whm,whse,what和which等,在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。
(参见(第20章 疑问句))
疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)。
(参见(第21章 句子的结构))
(2)关系代词
关系代词wh,whm,whse,that,which用来引导定语从句。
(参见(第21章 句子的结构)中的定语从句部分)
Cmmn Mistakes(注意!失分陷阱!)
陷阱例题①
Dn’t tell thers abut it.It’s nly between __________.【南京中考】
句意提示:不要告诉别人这件事,这件事就你和我知道。
陷阱追击:人称代词作介词宾语时,要用宾格形式。第一人称代词和第二人称代词作并列宾语时,第二人称在前,第一人称在后。本题容易将并列宾语中的后一个宾语误选为主格形式,即误选A。
正确解析:between是介词,其后接人称代词的宾格形式。正确答案为B。
陷阱例题②
We decided t g fr a field trip with sme friends f __________.【黄冈中考】
句意提示:我们决定与我们的一些朋友一起到野外旅行。
陷阱追击:名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如辨别不清名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的区别,就会误选。
正确解析:“……名词+f+名词性物主代词”表示双重所有格。正确答案为C。
陷阱例题③
Dn’t wrry abut the children.They can take care f __________.
句意提示:别担心那些孩子,他们会照顾好自己的。
陷阱追击:注意反身代词必须与相应的名词或代词保持人称和数的一致,容易忽略性、数一致的问题,而做出错误的选择。
正确解析:“照顾某人自己”此处需要用到反身代词。正确答案为B。
陷阱例题④
Yu may drp in r just give me a call.__________ will d.
句意提示:你可以顺便过来或给我打电话,随便怎样都可以。
陷阱追击:不定代词either可以表示“二者中任意一个”,具有肯定意义。如果没有弄清语境中的信息是“二者”还是“三者或三者以上”,是“肯定意义”还是“否定意义”,就会误选B,D。
正确解析:由前一句话可知,两种情况任何一种都行。正确答案为A。
Final Check(实力测验)
1.用括号中适当的词填空
1.We like __________ (he,his,him) very much.
2.Is this guitar __________ (yu,yur,yurs,yurself)?
3.__________ (She,Her,Hers) name is Li Li.
4.Father bught a desk fr __________ (I,my,me,mine).
5.I made it __________ (myself,myselves).
6.We enjyed __________ (myself,myselves,urselves).
7.__________ (It,It’s,Its) is very cld tday.
8.A:Is this yur bk,Mike? B:Yes,it’s __________ (yurs,mine,hers,his).
9.A:Are yu and Tm classmates? B:Yes,__________ (we,yu,they) are.
10.Each f the students __________ (have,has) an email address.
11.He has a dg.I want t have __________ (it,ne),t.
12.Her parents are __________ (bth,all,either) teachers.
13.The text is easy fr yu.There are __________ (few,a few,little,a little) new wrds in it.
14.I want __________ (sme,any) bananas.Give me these big __________ (ne,nes).
15.There is __________ (a little,little,a few,few) fish left.Help __________ (yurself,myself) t it.
16.They raise __________ (a little,a few) chickens and __________ (many,much,any,every) fish n the farm.
17.There isn’t __________ (sme,any,every,many) fruit in the refrigeratr.
18.A:__________ (Smething,Nthing,Anything) is wrng with my thrat.I just feel thirsty.
B:Why nt have __________ (any,sme,every) water?
19.A:Shall I sit at this end f the bat r the ther end?
B:If yu keep still,yu can sit at __________ (neither,each,either,any).
20.__________ (Every,Any,Bth,Neither) student in ur class—Class Tw likes PE class.
21.Our teacher asks us t read English __________ (every,each,any) day in rder t imprve ur reading skills.
22.__________ (All,Bth,Every,Each) my parents are frm Xi’an.
23.Is __________ (it,this,that) necessary t tell his father everything?
24.A:Is __________ (anybdy,everybdy,smebdy,nbdy) here?
B:N,Bb and Tim have asked fr leave.
2.选择填空
1.Is this __________ bk?
2.It’s a bird.__________ name is Plly.
3.What’s that?__________ a jeep.
4.A:What’s that in English? B:__________.
5.A:Whse cat is this?Is it yurs? B:Is it a white __________?
6.__________ skirt is yurs?
7.A:__________ pen is this? B:It’s Wang Fang’s.
8.Kate and Mike d __________ hmewrk in the evening.
9.There isn’t __________ water in the bttle.
10.This dictinary is __________.
11.Why dn’t yu get __________ t read?
12.These cups are urs.Thse are __________.
13.I have six clured pencils;ne is blue,anther is red,and __________ are green.
14.__________ f us wanted t play the game again.
15.They were all very tired,but __________ f them wuld stp t take a rest.
16.A:Is yur camera like Bill’s and Ann’s? B:N,but it’s almst the same as __________.
17.Is __________ necessary t cmplete the design befre the Natinal Day?
18.Is __________ pssible t fly t the mn in a spaceship?
19.I want a PSP,but I haven’t gt enugh mney t buy __________.
20.A:Did all the students in yur class pass the test? B:Sme f them did.__________ didn’t.
【课后作业】
1.Bb is ging t give ___ a talk n Wrld Car Design and Develpment.
A, we B, us C, ur D, urs
2.Be patient, Jhn. Dn’t give up. Have _____ try.
A, ther B, anther C, the ther D, ne
3.If yu save ___ cins a day, yu’ll be able t buy a mbile phne in a year.
A, a little B, little C, a few D, few
4.___ f the teachers is ging t the party next week.
A, All B, Bth C, Neither D, Sme
5.There are ___ mistakes in Mary’s prject, s her teacher is pleased with her wrk.
A, a little B, little C, a few D, few
6.Wuld yu like ___ apple juice?
A, an B, any C, a D, sme
7.___ cmputer is new and ___ is new, t.
A, Our, he B, Ours, his C, My, his D, My, her
8.N ne nticed the mbile phne in his ___ hand.
A, ther B, the ther C, anther D, else
9.Amng three hundred graduates, 70% prefer t get a jb, and ___ chse t make a further study.
A, the ther B, the thers C, thers D, ther
10.Everyday peple get ___ infrmatin frm TV, newspapers and the Internet.
A, many B, a number f C, a lt f D, a few
11.A: Des Mrs. Li lived by herself? B: Yes. She has tw daughters, but ___ f them are studying in the US.
A, neither B, all C, nne D, bth
12.There are a lt f tall buildings n ___ side f huangpu River.
A, either B, bth C, neither D, every
13.Mr Baker is ill, s ___ Jhn ___ Jack is ging t attend the meeting instead.
A, bth, and B, neither, nr C, either, r D, nt nly, but als
14.After ___ f unsuccessful attempts, he has at last passed his driving test.
A, a series B, series C, a few D, sme
15.May I use yur dictinary? I’ve lst ___.
A, mine B, it C, yurs D, ne
16.___ may laugh at her, but I like her.
A, The thers B, The ther C, Others D, Anther
17.Mr White wished the twins t be dctrs, but ___ f them liked t study medicine.
A, bth B, neither C, either D, nne
18.Health fficials tried ___ best t fight glbal bird flu.
A, them B, they C, theirs D, their
19.Yu can find many trees and plants n ___ side f the rad this year.
A, bth B, all C, every D, each
20.The number f the students in ur schl is larger than ___ in yur schl.
A, thse B, that C, the students D, this
21.The calculatr is Ben’s. Please give it t ___.
A, he B, him C, his D, himself
22.I didn’t get any e-mails yesterday, but there were ___ this mrning.
A, few B, little C, a few D, a little
A: ______ pencil-bx is this, Patrick?
B: It’s ______.
A. Whse… mine B. Wh’s… mine C. Whse…my D. Wh’s…my
The twins crrected the mistakes n the test papers ______.
A. them B. themselves C. him D. himself
Miss Brwn will teach ______ English next term.
A. us B. we C. ur D. urs
The dctrs and nurses are ding their best t fight SARS. They think mre f thers than ______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
When Yang Liwei came back frm space, many reprters interviewed ______ and gt sme first-hand infrmatin.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
Zhang Yining is ______ favrite table tennis player.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
Please keep the park clean when yu enjy ______ there.
A. yur B. yu C. yurs D. yurselves
David talked with a friend f ______ n the Internet fr a lng time yesterday.
A. he B. his C. him D. himself
______ f us has read the stry.
A. Sme B. Bth C. All D. Nne
Students are usually interested in sprts. Sme like running; sme like swimming; ____ like ball games.
A. the thers B. thers C. the ther D. ther
There are many highrises n ______ side f Huaihai Rad. What a magnificent view!
A. either B. neither C. bth D. all
Nt lng ag, ur cuntry sent up a rcket with tw small satellites int space. One weighed 204kils and ______, 25kils.
A. anther B. ther C. thers D. the ther
Liu Xiang and Ya Ming are wrld-famus sprts stars. ______ f them have set a gd example t us.
A. All B. Neither C. Bth D. Nne
Mr Smith is quite busy tday. He has ______ meetings t attend.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
Obey the traffic rules and learn t prtect yurself. ______ is mre imprtant than life.
A. Nthing B. Smething C. Everything D. Anything
I’ve gt tw tickets fr tnight’s cncert. One is fr me, ______ is fr yu.
A. ther B. the ther C. thers D. anther
______ engineers and wrkers are helping t rebuild the damaged city.
A. Many B. Much C. A little D. A lt
I kncked n the dr several times but ______ answered, s I left.
smebdy B. nbdy C. anybdy D. everybdy
( ) 1. My parents are ging t Shanghai. I think _______ will take _______ with _____.
A. them, me, them B. they, me, them
C. he, I, him D. them, I, him
( ) 2. ---Wh is kncking at the dr?
--- It’s ________.
A. I B. me C. mine D. my
( ) 3. _________ are gd friends.
A. Yu, he and I B. I, he and yu
C. He, I and yu D. I, yu and he
( ) 4. They tw helped _____ and wn in the end.
A. bth B. each ther C. ne anther D. him
( ) 5. ______ my uncle _____ my aunt has been t Beijing.
A. Bth, and B. Either, r C. Neither, nr D. Bth, r
( ) 6. --- Hw many peple are there in the rm?
--- ________.
A. Everyne B. Nbdy C. N ne D. Nne
( ) 7. ______ likes t d such wrk.
A. Everyne B. Every ne C. Nt ne D. Anyne
( ) 8. Wuld yu like _____ tea, ______?
A. sme, either B. any, t C. sme, t D. any, either
( ) 9. That beautiful girl is ________ sister.
A. Mary and Tm’s B. Mary’s and Tm
C. Mary’s and Tm’s D. Mary and Tm
( ) 10. Please help _________ t sme fruit.
A. myself B. neself C. yurself D. himself
( ) 11. I invited Mary and Tny t my hme, but _______ f them came.
A. neither B. bth C. either D. nne
( ) 12. We culdn’t eat in a restaurant because _____ f us had ____ mney with us.
A. all, nt B. any, n C. nne, any D. n ne, any
( ) 13. Althugh he’s wealthy, he spends _____ n clthes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
( ) 14. There are s many interesting bks in the bkstre that I can’t decide ______ t buy.
A. what B. which C. hw D. where
( ) 15. The teacher gave the textbks t all the students except ______ wh had already taken them.
A. the nes B. nes C. sme D. the thers
( ) 16. Yu can nly water these plants ________.
A. each ther day B. every ther day
C. each f tw days D. every f tw days
( ) 17. --- Is _______ here?
--- N, Tim was ill.
A. anybdy B. smebdy C. everybdy D. nbdy
( ) 18. Jim’s ral English is better than _______.
A. anyne B. anyne else C. anyne else’s D. anyne’s else’s
( ) 19. That kind f English party will be held ______ tw years.
A. bth B. either C. every D. each
( ) 20. --- D yu have a dictinary, Mary?
--- Yes, I have ______ with me.
A. ne B. it C. this D. that
( ) 21. Jerry learned Japanese fr three years, __________ is, frm 2002 t 2005.
A. this B. that C. it D. he
( ) 22. --- Hw many bys did yu see in the tree?
--- _________.
A. Nbdy. B. N ne C. Nne D. Nt many
( ) 23. Yu must imprve _______ in speaking.
A. yurself B. yurs C. yur D. yu
( ) 24. There is n agreement between ________.
A. I and yu B. yu and he C. yu and me D. we and they
( ) 25. --- What’s n TV tnight? Is there ________ interesting?
--- I’m afraid nt.
A. smething B. anything C. nthing D. everything
( ) 26. --- Where is my pen?
--- Oh, srry. I have taken _______ by mistake.
A. yurs B. his C. mine D. hers
( ) 27. The English nvel is quite easy fr yu. There are _______ new wrds in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
( ) 28. --- Yu want ________ sandwich?
--- Yes, I usually eat a lt when I’m hungry.
A. ther B. anther C. thers D. the ther
( ) 29. The dctrs and nurses are ding their best t fight SARS. They think mre f thers than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
( ) 30. --- Which d yu prefer, a bttle f range r a bttle f milk?
--- __________, thanks. I’d like a cup f tea.
Either B. Neither C. Bth D. Nne
1. Jack and Mary have tried; but has succeeded in getting the chance t study abrad.
A. bth B. neither C.all D.either
2.It's gd fr her health if she can find a way t relax frm time t time.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
3.— What's in the fridge?
------ .
A.Nthing B.Nne C.N D.N ne
4.I didn't hear frm him fr a lng time, s I went t see him by .
A. me. B. myself C.him D. himself
5.D yu knw ____the ppulatin f Shanghai_______?
-----Srry,I dn't knw.
A.what;is B.hw much;is C.what's;/ D.hw many;is
6.Jack, a clse friend f ,will cme and jin in the game.
A.mine; us B.me;urs C.mine;urselves D.myself;us
There is a flwer shp n side f street,Let’s g and buy sme flwers.
anther B.ther C. the ther D.thers
8. The new skirt is fr , Alice,D yu like ?
A. yu; them B.yurs;it C. yu;it D. yurs; them
9.Yu mustn' t lend the bks yu brrwed frm the library t peple.
A. thers B. the thers C. ther D. the ther
10.Michael has read science bks, but.I am srry t say that he has
learned frm them.
A.few;a little B. a few; little C.few;little D. a few; a little
— A latest English newspaper, please! — Only ne cpy left. Wuld yu like t have ,sir?
it. B. ne C. this D.that
-----Yu lk s happy!
—Jack says I am pretty. has ever tld me that befre.
A. Smebdy B. Anybdy C. Everybdy D.Nbdy
13.Bys and girls, yu have t plant all the trees tmrrw.
A. urselves B. themselves C. yurself D.yurselves
14.— Which f these tw sweaters will yu take? /
— I'll take_______. They lk nearly the same, and I just need ne.
A.bth B. either C.nne D. all
15.There are a lt f tall buildings n side f Huangpu River.
A.either B.bth C.neither D.every
16.There is smething wrng with ur ld TV set.S we decided t buy ne.
A. the ther B. the thers C. thers D. anther
17.At the gate f the library I shwed card, and Tny shwed .
A. my; him B. my; his C. mine; his D.mine; him
18.My cusin and I like flying kites in autumn. We ften feel very happy.
A. all B. either C. bth D. neither
19.Amng three hundred graduates, 70% prefer t get a jb, and________chse t make a further study.
A. the ther B. the thers C.thers D.ther
20.Sme peple enjy KFC, but prefer McDnald's hamburger.
A. anther B.the ther C.thers D.the ther
21. What des "refrigeratr" mean?
—It's way f saying fridge. We call it fridge fr shrt.
ther B. thers C. anther D. the thers
22.I think ____is very kind _______yu t help me ut.
A. it;fr B.that; fr C.it;f D. that; f
23.Wh teaches ______chemistry?
A. they B. their C. them D.theirs
— Wh has an umbrella here, please
-----I have , Miss Lu.
ne B. it C.this D.that
25.I knw there is a pen in yur right hand. But what's in yur hand?
A. ther B. anther C. the ther D.thers
26.— Des Mrs. Li live by herself?
—Yes. She has tw daughters, but f them are studying.in the US.
neither B. all C. nne D. bth
wished the twins t be dctrs, but f them liked t study medicine.
A bth B.neither C. either D.nne
28.Health fficials tried best t fight HlNl.
A. them B. they C.theirs D.their
29.— Wh taught French? ------ Nbdy. I learned all by
A. yu;I B. yur; me C.yurs; my D.yu;myself
30.Jim will give a shrt talk tmrrw.
A.we B. us C.ur D.urs
cmputer is new and is new, t.
Our; he B.Ours;his C.My;his D.My;he
N ne nticed the mbile phne in his hand.
ther B. the ther C.anther D.else
33.Please make at hme, Judy.
A.yur B.yurself C. yu D.yurself
34.Be patient, Jhn. Dn't give up. Have try.
A. ther B. anther C. the ther. D.nne
35.Lucy desn't have an eraser. Let me give______t .
A.mine; her B. mine; hers C. her; mine D.hers;mine
36.Yur shirt is blue, but is black and white
A.myself B. my C. mine D.me
37.I have three sisters, f them is a teacher.
A.All B. Bth C.Neither D.Nne
38.There is smething wrng with my cmputer. May I use ?
A. yur B.yurs C. yu D.yurself
39. f the teachers is ging t the party next week.
A. All B. Bth C.Neither D.Sme
MP3 is this? Is it yurs?
A.Whse B.Wh C.Which D.What
41.If yu are nt full, please have_______cake.
A.the ther B.ther C. thers D.anther
42.Sme peple enjy, traveling by plane, but prefer traveling by train.
A.ther B. the thers C.the ther D. thers
43. Pick ut the gd bananas and thrw away .
A. the rest B. rest C. thers D.the ther
44. This is my CD player, and is n the table ver there.
A. yu B. yur C. yurs D. yurself
45. — Wh is____?
—This is Janna frm Australia.
this B. that C. it D. ne
46. Students are usually interested in sprts, Sme like running, sme like swimming, ________like ball games.
A. the thers B. thers C. the ther D. ther
47. The twins crrected the mistakes n the test papers_________.
A. them B. themselves C. him D. himself
48. We shuld help when they are in truble.
A. thers B. the thers C. ther D. the ther
49. Mary's cmputer is as new as .
A. I . B. me C. mine D. myself
50. Miss Brwn will teach English next term.
A. us B. we C. ur D.urs
51.The dctrs and nurses are ding their best t fight SARS. They think mre f thers than_______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
52. Merry Christmas, Gerge! Here is a card fr with best wishes.
A. yu;ur B. us;yur C. yu; yur D.us; ur
53.Nt lng ag, ur cuntry sent up a rck with tw small satellites int space. One weighed 204 kils and 25 kils.
A. anther B. ther C.thers D. the ther
54.When Yangliwei came back frm space,many reprters interviewed and gt sme first-hand infrmatin.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
55. Liu Xiang and Ya Ming are wrld-famus.sprts stars f them have set a gd example t us.
A .All B. Neither C. Bth D. Nne
56.Zhang Yining is favurite table tennis player.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
初中语法讲义
代词
年 月 日
数
格
人称
单数
复数
主格
所有格
宾格
主格
所有格
宾格
第一人称
I
my
me
we
ur
us
第二人称
yu
yur
yu
yu
yur
yu
第三人称
he
she
it
his
her
its
him
her
it
they
their
them
数
人称
种类
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
形容词性
物主代词
my
yur
his
her
its
ur
yur
their
名词性
物主代词
mine
yurs
his
hers
its
urs
yurs
theirs
this
复数形式是these
是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较近的人或物
that
复数形式是thse
是指在时间上或空间上离说话的人较远的人或物
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
urselves
第二人称
yurself
yurselves
第三人称
himself/herself/itself
themselves
myself
yurself
urselves
yurselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
say t neself
心里想着;自言自语
by neself
独自地;独立
fr neself
为自己
相互代词
主格/宾格
所有格
each ther
each ther
each ther’s
ne anther
ne anther
ne anther’s
数
单数
复数
人称
物主代词
反身代词
ne
nes
ne’s
neself
数
种类
单数
复数
泛指
anther=an ther
ther bys
thers
特指
the ther
the ther bys
=the rest bys
the thers
=the rest
功能
作主语、宾语、定语
作定语
作主语、宾语
搭配
ther...
+n.
thers...
each的用法
every的用法
可修饰人或物
与each相同
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
(作同位语时除外)
与each相同
指两个或两个以上中的一个
指两个(不含两个)以上中的一个
侧重于个体、个别(含义)
侧重于全体,意思上等同于all
可单独使用,作定语时后面要用单数
不可单独使用,后面必须加名词(只能在句中作定语),名词用单数
可以和f连用
不可以和f连用,但every ne(分开写)可以和f连用
可作同位语、主语、宾语
只能作定语,后面必须跟名词单数
没有合成词
与ne/bdy/thing组成合成词,合成词可作主语、宾语、表语,但不能作定语,即合成词后不能加名词,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式
either
指两者中的任意一个
这三个词都可用于两者之间,都可指人与物
neither
指两者中没有一个,表示全部否定
bth
指两者都,表示肯定
代词
用法
bth
either
neither
含义
两者都(肯定)
两者之中的任意一个
两者都不(全部否定)
作主语时的谓语动词
用复数形式
用单数形式
用单数形式
作定语修饰名词时
名词要用复数
名词要用单数
名词要用单数
常用搭配
bth,either,neither
用于二者之间
all,any,nne
用于三者或三者以上之间
bth,all
表示肯定。后如跟名词,要跟复数名词,谓语动词也用复数形式
neither,nne
表示全部否定
neither,either
如跟名词,要跟单数名词,谓语动词也用单数形式
many
只能和复数可数名词连用
可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
much
只能和不可数名词连用
主要用于否定句和疑问句中
a few(肯定)
few(否定)
只能和可数名词连用
可作主语、宾语、定语等
a little(肯定)
little(否定)
只能和不可数名词连用
可作主语、宾语、定语等
many/a lt (f)许多
much/a lt (f)许多
a few=sme but nt many一些
few=nearly n几乎没有
a little=sme but nt much一点儿
little=nearly nthing几乎没有
A.yu and I
B.yu and me
C.I and ur
D.me and yur
A.us
B.ur
C.urs
D.urselves
A.urselves
B.themselves
C.yurself
D.yurselves
A.Either
B.Each
C.Neither
D.All
A.yu
B.I
C.she
D.yur
A.Its
B.It’s
C.His
D.It
A.it’s
B.Its
C.It’s
D.its
A.It’s egg
B.That’s egg
C.It’s a egg
D.It’s an egg
A.cat’s
B.ne
C.nes
D.cats
A.Whse
B.Where
C.Hw
D.Which
A.Wh’s
B.Whse
C.Where
D.Which
A.ne’s
B.his
C.her
D.their
A.any
B.sme
C.n
D.a
A.my brther’s ne
B.my brther’s
C.my brther ne
D.my brthers nes
A.smething
B.everything
C.anything
D.nthing
A.thers
B.ther’s
C.thers’
D.ther
A.thers
B.anther
C.ther
D.the thers
A.A great many
B.Many
C.Many a
D.A lts
A.any
B.sme
C.nne
D.neither
A.her
B.yurs
C.them
D.their
A.that
B.this
C.it
D.he
A.nw
B.man
C.that
D.it
A.this
B.that
C.any
D.ne
A.Anther
B.The thers
C.Sme ther
D.Others
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